Highway and Railroad Engineering 2024

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – FAIRVIEW

NU Fairview Complex, Quirino Highway,

Corner Regalado Greater Lagro, Quezon City

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD ENGINEERING

CEHWRE – CE31-1

FINAL REQUIREMENT

FINAL PAPER

“Perception of Civil Engineers, Drivers, and Commuters in Ameliorating Pavement

Condition for Better Highway Experience in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City”

SUBMITTED TO:

_________________________

ENGR. ERIC JOHN L. LARON

March 14, 2024

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FINAL EXPERIMENT

TITLE: “Perception of Civil Engineers, Drivers, and Commuters in Ameliorating

Pavement Condition for Better Highway Experience in Greenfields 1, Novaliches,

Quezon City.”

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

In conducting this final experiment, the students shall be able to:

• Determine the perception of professional civil engineers and significant ideas of drivers

and commuters in ameliorating the pavement condition in Greenfields 1, Novaliches,

Quezon City.

• Knowing how the ameliorated pavement condition in Greenfields 1, Novaliches,

Quezon City affects the daily highway experience of drivers and commuters.

• Execute the proper maintenance in ameliorating pavement with professional

knowledge of civil engineers.

Abstract

This research investigates the implications of road maintenance practices on highway

efficiency and safety in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City by the perceptions of respective

co-researchers. It highlights a shift in road maintenance priorities towards convenience over

long-term sustainability, often leading to neglect of necessary efforts. The study aims to

address crossing conflicts and collision risks among highway users by improving pavement

conditions under the guidance of civil engineering professionals, drivers and commuters of the

area. Through qualitative analysis, the study reveals the persistent concern among participants

for efficient public transportation to enhance convenience and accessibility for commuters.

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Furthermore, it emphasizes how important road maintenance is to be maintaining the quality

and value of transportation routes by halting the progression of little problems like cracks and

potholes into larger ones that require repair. Co-researchers point out the broader advantages

of maintaining roadways, such as increased security and more comfortable travel due to fewer

car accidents. In its entirety, the results point to the benefits of well-maintained roads for local

economies, communities, and the environment as well as how they promote safer, more

effective, and sustainable transportation networks.

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Discussions:

CHAPTER ONE

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction:

The transportation system is a significant financial commitment that has the capacity to

fundamentally change how the country operates. According to the National Mapping and

Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA), the Philippines has approximately 7,641 islands,

and strengthening the transportation infrastructure is one of the primary initiatives that

government officials should prioritize. Shatz, H. et al. (2011) states that developed highway

infrastructure can have a variety of economic effects; It allows workers to choose from a

broader range of job options and to live further away from their incidents, it can help producers

get to market inputs faster, and help nearly all the commuters which involve increased mobility.

To formulate, as cities expand and encounter more difficulties regarding highway the

more that the highway condition should improve effectively. Quezon City is also connected to

Metro Manila's two major train lines, the Light-rail Transit (LRT) Line 2 and Mass Rapid Transit

(MRT). These two rail lines can transport you around Metro Manila. Furthermore, current Mayor

Joy Belmonte stated that "it is timely that the Quezon City local government, through its

different departments, create/determine a comprehensive and rationalized public transport

plan because they are knowledgeable in the formulation of policies not only within their territory

but also to its neighboring cities," according to Raymundo, P. (2018).

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On the other hand, a study on vehicle-pavement interactions and their economic impact

in California shows that road conditions have an impact on vehicle operations and costs.

(Steyn, W. et al., 2015). The maintenance of roadways could be more sustainable, resulting

in neglected road pavement construction which cause motor vehicles to get stuck in traffic

(Delizo, 2014). Plus, the knowledge of skilled highway and transportation engineers, together

with effective collaboration from the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH),

guarantees that a transportation system is properly developed and implemented, protecting

everyone's mobility.

The primary source of road congestion is poor road maintenance, followed by

inadequate physical amenities, poor enforcement systems, and human error (Aydinan, 2020).

Additionally, it interferes with people's social lives because they must leave ahead of time in

the day and return home later in the night to avoid encountering traffic (Vencataya, 2018).

Deaths appear to be on the rise since 2006, according to data from the Philippine Statistics

Authority (PSA). The number of deaths in the country in year 2015 was 10,012 individuals,

which is up to 45.76% from 2006. Most victims in traffic accidents are reported to be between

the ages of 20 to 24. On top of that, it was discovered that from 2006 to 2015, there were 667

yearly deaths on average for children under the age of 14, and the bulk of traffic accidents

occurred in Luzon (Sy, 2017). In the absence of preventive measures, injuries resulting from

traffic accidents may rise to the fifth most significant component that may cause casualties by

2030 (Chichom, M. et al., 2018).

To sum up, poor pavement condition affects the commuters’ and drivers’ preferences in

terms of travelling. When the roadway condition is in a good condition together with well-

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maintained pavement condition, it reduces delay and reduces congestion effectively. This

study sets out to go into the reality of research at large, seeking to ameliorate the pavement

condition at Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City, with the guidance of the civil engineering

professionals to deal with crossing conflicts to avoid collisions within highway users. Outcomes

will not only add to the depth of knowledge currently being studied by the researchers but also

encouraging them to develop the pavement condition for a better highway system not just only

in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City, but throughout the Philippines.

Statement of the Problem:

This research study aims to determine the following:

General Question:

This research study aims to determine the perception of civil engineers, drivers,

and commuters in ameliorating pavement condition for better highway experience in

Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City.

Specific Questions:

1. How does the perception of civil engineers, drivers, and commuters contribute to

ameliorate the pavement condition in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City?

2. What are the implications of these perceptions in ameliorating pavement

condition in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City?

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Objectives:

This study aims to obtain qualitative results to determine whether this research will have

positive impact to the highway experience of drivers and commuters in Greenfields 1,

Novaliches, Quezon City with the guide of professionals in the field as a result to ameliorate

the roadway condition for a better highway experience. Most importantly, this study focuses on

the following:

• To know the professional idea of civil engineers and significant ideas of drivers and

commuters in ameliorating pavement condition in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon

City.

• To formulate recommendations for better highway experience in Greenfields 1,

Novaliches, Quezon City.

Significance of the Study:

• To future engineers, this research study will assist in thoroughly comprehending the

primary issue with the road and identifying potential solutions before they begin

construction on their project.

• To professional highway and transportation engineers, this research study will help

them innovate highways for better transportation systems in a more reliable approach

that the commuters genuinely need.

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• To the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), this research study will

help provide reliable information to strengthen the durability and sustainability of the

highways in the Philippines and help drivers and commuters travel safely.

• To the commuters, this research study will assist commuters in traveling safely,

significantly lower the frequency of deadly traffic accidents, and shorten their travel

times.

• To the drivers, this research study might help drivers in terms of the safety of their

passengers. These can serve as awareness regarding this matter. It can also help the

drivers know their speed limits.

• To future researchers, this research study will be beneficial to researchers who are

interested in the same field of study. This might inspire them or serve as a source of

information. It can also serve as the foundation for the investigation they will conduct.

Scope and Delimitations:

This study focuses on the "Perception of Civil Engineers, Drivers and Commuters in

Ameliorating Pavement Condition for Better Highway Experience in Greenfields 1, Novaliches,

Quezon City," where the researchers will base on the interview results of the professional civil

engineers, drivers, and commuters. Hence, the implementation, execution, and costing of this

proposal will not be covered by this research study. It is solely a qualitative research approach

that brings reliable changes to the future highway users of Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon

City. This research study will comprise (6) co-researchers and was conducted during the 2nd

Term of Academic Year 2023 - 2024.

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Conceptual Framework:

Flow Chart of the Study

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CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Local RRLS

When evaluating pavement conditions, spotting possible problems, and making

maintenance and improvement plans, monitoring systems are essential. This explores the

tools and techniques used for this research study and emphasizes how crucial it is to keep up

a functional system to continue developing road infrastructure (Dacanay et. al., 2023).

As per the goal of this research, is to improve time efficiency, cost effectiveness, and

standardization by presenting a different approach for assessing pavement marking quality.

Accordingly, the suggested approach which offers a consistent and economical way to assess

pavement marking conditions may prove to be a workable and efficient substitute. Reiterating

the suggested method's conformity with current procedures is the high goodness of fit, which

shows a strong association between it and the current judgment process (Bronuela et. al.,

2023).

In current situation, the government is presently addressing traffic as one of its main

issues. Sometimes incidents that result in traffic happen because there are more cars in the

city. This study's primary focus was on the impact factor of traffic environment systems,

transport and traffic systems, and management implementation (Andoy, 2023).

Also, the study emphasizes how poor maintenance can lead to negative outcomes like

worsening traffic jams, more accidents, and even disruptions to business operations. This

suggests various measures to enhance road and bridge upkeep in the Zamboanga Peninsula

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Region considering its findings. It highlights the vital role that good maintenance procedures

play in guaranteeing the longevity and functionality of transportation infrastructure, which

eventually promotes social progress and regional economic growth (Moreno, 2023).

And lastly, the research study provides a comprehensive review of road pavement

engineering practices in the Philippines, highlighting the stages of planning, design,

construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation in the pavement life cycle. It identifies various

factors contributing to the mixed perceptions on engineering aspect in the country, including

structural design, geotechnical conditions, heavy vehicle traffic, and construction and

maintenance practices (Sadie, et. al., 2010).

Foreign RRLS

To start, the findings of the research emphasize the significance of maintaining vehicle

weight restrictions since overloading can have detrimental effects on infrastructure, including

pavement and roadways. Overloaded cars increase the expense of maintenance and repairs for

the roads over time in addition to speeding up the deterioration of the pavement (Pais, 2019).

According to a poll conducted by researchers, the roads that were inspected had poor

quality. This was determined to be in accordance with the guidelines provided by the highway

manual. As per report, the roads had a yearly failure rate of 2% and 5%. All these flaws have

been linked to excessive traffic due to poor pavement condition (Ezeagu & Ezema, 2022).

To other study, road defects are the obvious signs of an undesired condition in the

pavement that compromises its structural integrity, serviceability, or appearance. This suggests

that any portion of a road, highway, or building site that does not adhere to safety standards is

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also included in the term of "road defect". Furthermore, they highlight in the article on road

defects in Nigeria that the most common faults that result in injuries to people or damage to

vehicles includes uneven lanes and pavement, inadequate road shoulders, construction

carelessness, and municipal negligence (Tarawneh & Sarireh, 2013).

To add up, other related study emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend and evaluate

the financial viability of different pavement repair techniques. Having a clear understanding of

the relative costs of various treatments is essential for managing and maintaining infrastructure.

It can entail weighing the costs of maintenance actions against the advantages they offer in

terms of prolonging pavement life, reducing potential damage, and maximizing lifecycle costs

(Smith, et. al. 2013).

In terms of maintain roads, the study shows that integrating safety planning into all

building projects, and working cooperatively with transportation safety stakeholders and

professional engineers are some of the areas that governments throughout the world give

serious attention to. Apart from the variables resulting from driver conduct and vehicle upkeep,

the transportation sector endeavors to mitigate the risks linked to substandard pavement (Kamal

& Bas, 2021).

Also, there are two kinds of pavement maintenance: preventive and corrective

maintenance. Corrective maintenance involves maintaining the path for the pavement to recover

to its maximum efficiency after significant damage, whereas preventive maintenance involves

taking prompt action to restore the pavement as soon as its performance begins to deteriorate.

It is also a more economical method of extending the lifespan of pavements with equivalent

durability. When deciding for the upkeep and improvement of a highway, some factors to

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consider are the target highway section's existing state, traffic patterns, road accessibility, and

estimated costs (Li, J. et. al., 2022).

Pavement deterioration faces significant difficulties for the road and traffic sector globally.

Since pavements are essential to our everyday lives and provide a safe and practical means of

mobility, restoring their serviceability has a huge positive impact on the economy and society

thus providing a practical and safe means of transportation, which is essential to many aspects

of our lives. The research highlights the importance of maintenance techniques and pavement

preservation methods in delaying failures and enhancing overall pavement durability (Wada, S.

A., 2016).

In fact, the most common issues with pavements are surface cracking from bending under

traffic loads, top-down cracking from concentrated stress at the pavement surface, and reflective

cracking from concentrated stress near the crack that are still in place. To be honest, pavement

failures, such as fatigue cracking and rutting, are brought on by heavy traffic that demand

pavement rehabilitation. Other pavement issues are typically resolved with pavement

rehabilitation carried out due to cracking and are therefore of less significance (Burningham, &

Stankevich, 2005).

To assess the potential causes of pavement distresses, namely traffic, construction

quality, and maintenance schedule, they need recommendations for mitigating pavement

distress. The research study outlines the lessons that have been discovered as a result of the

pavement issues and failures that have arisen on several Indian projects in recent years. The

useful life of pavement can be extended by using different pavement preservation procedures

and measures, which are also described based on historical experiences (Adlinge, 2013).

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Moreover, based on research study that there are three tasks in order to achieve its goals;

first, a visual evaluation and inspection of the current flexible pavement conditions, including any

failures; second, a determination of the true causes of these failures in the pavement; and third,

the selection of the most appropriate treatments and maintenance options. (Al-Arkawazi, 2017).

On the other hand, the research study aims to evaluate how pavement condition affects

environmental problem such that traffic volume has less of an effect on the environment than

pavement condition. Pavement quality and traffic speed are directly correlated, which results in

an inverse relationship with emissions that impacts the welfare and economy of the public and

the highway users. (Mandee, 2008).

Potholes and edge drops are common examples of surface failures in roads. The study

comes to the conclusion that professional engineers and road authorities need to be aware of

the legal ramifications of dangerous road conditions. These frequently arise as a result of

insufficient inspection methods and a deficiency in proactive maintenance administration. It

suggests that rather than paying claims for damages, all road authorities and professional

engineers involved in design should obtain the necessary legal knowledge, recognize the value

of road safety, and look for sufficient funds to alleviate hazardous circumstances (Roodt, 2014).

In addition, improving pavement conditions can lead to a reduction in the severity of fatal

and injury collisions by up to 12% in certain cases. Therefore, the paper suggests that decisions

regarding pavement maintenance should consider road safety alongside cost-life analysis.

These results offer valuable insights for decision-makers, as they can be utilized to estimate the

safety benefits of specific improvements in pavement roughness. (Nemtsov, 2018).

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Moreover, it was discovered that the dynamic impact factor was influenced by the vehicle

speed and pavement roughness. Additionally, it was discovered that the extra dynamic loads

brought on by vehicle-road interaction have a major effect on the pavement's structural

deterioration. (Misaghi et. al, 2012).

Continually, it explored how to assess the extent of damage these bigger cars were

causing to the pavement on the roads. And it is determined that stricter weight overload controls

and higher axle overload levies are necessary to achieve optimal upkeep for road surface

(Miskinis, & Lingaitis, 2006).

To clarify, road is essential to economic expansion and development as well as significant

transportation recognition. This outlines the social and economic benefits of routine road repair

and offers strategies for achieving maintaining roads (Burningham, & Stankevich, 2005).

Effective pavement preventive maintenance plans will help to ensure that people and

commodities can move safely and that our road network remains in good shape by enhancing

ride quality, prolonging pavement life, and guaranteeing safety (Sinkhonde, & Ngoma, 2020).

Therefore, it highlights the critical role of road infrastructure and maintenance in ensuring

efficient mobility and fostering economic growth. The research findings underscore the

importance of prioritizing maintenance efforts to enhance the quality and safety of roads.

Investing in road infrastructure and maintenance is crucial for sustaining economic growth and

promoting efficient transportation systems (Bele, 2022).

Lastly, improperly maintained roads restricts mobility, resulting to more accidents. This

paper specifically examines road maintenance in select African countries, looking at

maintenance types and approaches. The goal is to compare and contrast these, reflecting on

similarities and differences (Mostafa, 2018).

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Definition of Terms:

• Amelioration is commonly defined as the act or process of making something better or

improving its state. In the context of highways, amelioration frequently refers to actions

that aim to improve roadway infrastructure's overall quality, efficiency, and safety.

• Highway Engineering is a discipline of civil engineering that specializes in planning,

designing, building, operating, maintaining, and improving highways and road systems.

The primary purpose of highway engineering is to create and maintain a network of roads

and highways that will assure the safe, efficient, and long-term transportation of people

and products.

• Transportation Engineering is a constantly evolving subject that handles the issues

posed by urbanization, population growth, and the demand for sustainable mobility.

Professionals in this discipline work with urban planners, environmental scientists,

economists, and policymakers to provide comprehensive and efficient transportation

solutions.

• Economic Environment refers to the collection of economic factors and situations that

influence highway infrastructure planning, development, maintenance, and management.

Understanding the economic climate is critical for making sound decisions while planning,

designing, and managing roadway infrastructure.

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CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedures of research applied to gather the

data needed. It contains the research design, co-researcher selection, research instrument,

and data treatment.

Research Design

The researchers used qualitative research to determine the perception of the co-

researchers. With that, this method will help the researchers determine how the proposal affects

the transportation system in ameliorating roadway conditions in Greenfields 1, Novaliches,

Quezon City for drivers and commuters, as well as the best knowledge of civil engineers.

Selection of Co-Researchers

According to Welton (2018), sampling is a process used in statistical analysis. Sampling

is a statistical analysis; a predetermined number of observations are taken in a population.

Crossman (2018) states that purposive sampling selects a sample based on the population's

characteristics and the study's objective. It is also called judgmental, selective, and subjective

sampling. In addition, he also stated that this kind of sampling is very efficient when getting the

targeted sample quickly, where the sampling proportionality is not the concern.

For efficiency, the researchers will use the purposive sampling technique to determine

the co-researcher’s response regarding the proposal to ameliorate roadway conditions for better

transportation systems in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City.

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Research Instrument

The materials and instruments for gathering data are interview protocol, research

questions, voice recorder, and picture/screenshot for documentation. The researchers will use

one-on-one or online interviews with the co-researchers.

Also, the researchers provide open ended research questions that the co-researchers will

answer. For an interview, there will be a voice recorder and video recorder for face-to-face and

online setup, respectively, to track the co-researchers' responses.

Treatment of Data

The researchers will tabulate the interview results and manually evaluated. The co-

researchers' names will not be mentioned in this paper unless the co-researchers specifically

indicate the consent. Lastly, the researcher will provide nickname base on the characteristics of

the co-researchers.

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CHAPTER FOUR

ANALYSIS, SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION, AND INTERPRETATION OF PERCEPTION

OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, DRIVERS, AND COMMUTERS IN AMELIORATING PAVEMENT

CONDITION FOR BETTER HIGHWAY EXPERIENCE IN GREENFIELDS 1, NOVALICHES,

QUEZON CITY

This chapter includes the analysis, symbolic representation, and interpretation of the data

gathered by the researchers from the interview conducted. The co-researchers are named by

their unique personalities and characteristics.

Co-researcher A (Civil Engineer) ----- Ms. Adorable

I am civil engineering graduate specializing in transportation engineering, currently works

for a private company focused on land developments, particularly road networks. I am

passionate about civil engineering as it encompasses my love for building things that benefit the

community. Recognizing the challenges of poor road conditions, traffic, and inadequate transit-

oriented development, I believe ensuring safe roadways is crucial for economic growth, daily life,

education, and timely medical attention. This motivates my commitment to pursuing civil

engineering, as it addresses the aspects of engineering and design which I am more passionate

about.

Our company specializes in land development projects, particularly focusing on road

network systems to ensure a safe roadway condition for communities. We meticulously consider

factors like topography, population, transportation modes, and vehicle types. In highway

development, we prioritize road capacity, environmental factors, traffic volume, soil, climate, and

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the local population's status. Our emphasis on appropriate pavement structures and durable

materials aims for longevity with minimal maintenance, reflecting our commitment to delivering

quality projects.

Precautionary measures play a crucial role in road development. Prioritizing improved

road markings and visible signages enhances awareness for drivers, commuters, and

pedestrians, minimizing hazards during construction. Special attention is given to pedestrian

crossings, alternative routes, and road reduction signages to effectively reduce accidents.

Education and awareness initiatives are essential, emphasizing safety and structural

improvements. Collaboration with the community is key, recognizing that road safety is a shared

responsibility among stakeholders.

In reviewing the images and video, the evident deterioration of the road highlights the

need for active monitoring and maintenance. Drawing from my studies in transportation, I

advocate for the integration of smart materials, particularly self-healing materials, and dynamic

asphalt, to enhance road longevity and performance. Additionally, prioritizing green and eco-

friendly materials like recycled plastics and rubberized asphalts aligns with the growing

emphasis on environmental sustainability in road construction. Personally, I believe hydrophobic

coatings, making road surfaces water-resistant, are crucial, especially in flood-prone areas, to

minimize water-related damage to road structures.

Finally, road construction is a crucial aspect of modern society and has a significant

impact on various aspects of human life. Improved infrastructure fosters economic development,

bolsters accessibility, and connects the community. This not only ensures transportation safety

but also positively impacts the environment. The residents of Greenfields 1 can enjoy the

benefits of a safe and convenient travel environment and open opportunities for further

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community development. As they witness that their community is being monitored, it can be

open to some opportunities as well. Greenfields 1 can be improved into something that would

be very valuable to the people residing within Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City.

Co-researcher B (Civil Engineer) ----- Mr. Diligent

I am a civil engineering graduate specializing in structural engineering, currently not

employed. My decision to pursue a civil engineering degree stem from a childhood fascination

with the process of concrete mixing observed in small constructions, igniting a passion for

questioning the soundness of infrastructure. Despite being indoors most of the time, I have

noticed the significant traffic volume whenever I venture outside, with certain roads posing

hazards due to design flaws and poor conditions. Recognizing the paramount importance of

good roadway conditions for safe travel, I emphasize the critical factors to consider when

improving pavement conditions, including Design Load, Life, and Traffic Capacity. To ensure the

safety of road users during pavement improvements, I advocate for the implementation of safety

devices such as signs and barriers. Upon reviewing pictures and videos, the evident

disintegration of the street underscores the necessity for regular inspection and reinforcement,

highlighting its current unsafe state. In my perspective, asphalt emerges as the preferred

pavement material. The most significant positive impact of enhanced roadway pavement in

Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Q.C., is undoubtedly safety.

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Co-researcher C (Driver) ----- Mr. Genius

Poor roadway pavement conditions pose a significant risk of accidents, particularly for

motorcycle drivers who depend heavily on well-maintained surfaces for safety. As a motorcycle

rider, I prioritize smooth pavements due to their contribution to overall driver safety. However,

traversing Greenfields 1 necessitates a constant slowdown due to the prevalence of potholes

and uneven surfaces.

While I have not encountered serious accidents, the presence of uneven terrain

diminishes the enjoyment of driving. When time permits, I choose to change routes to avoid

these hazards, although urgent situations compel me to continue despite the poor road

conditions. The impact of pavement conditions on motorcycle riders cannot be overstated, as

motorcycles are vulnerable to loss of control, skidding, and slipping on uneven surfaces.

Conversely, smooth pavements offer superior traction and stability.

Recognizing the importance of road maintenance, I advocate for investments in upkeep

to mitigate accidents and enhance commuting experiences. Proper road maintenance is

essential not only for the safety of drivers but also for the well-being of all road users. Road

asphalting emerges as a viable solution to address the poor condition of Greenfields 1's roads,

emphasizing the critical need for ongoing maintenance efforts.

Co-researcher D (Driver) ----- Mr. Honest

Driving defensively is a routine practice for me, especially considering that I often drive at

night where visibility can be challenging, and sometimes my headlights fail to adequately

illuminate uneven roads or manholes. It's discomforting to navigate through roads riddled with

uneven surfaces or gravel pathways. Despite this, my daily experiences driving around

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Greenfields 1 have been relatively smooth. While there are uneven roads in Greenfield 1, they

are tolerable.

However, there are instances of inconvenience due to sand debris, nearly causing me to

slip, as well as encountering abnormal sizes of humps and uneven roads. Nevertheless, I find

the conditions in Greenfields 1 tolerable. The road conditions, though, can prolong travel time

and pose risks of accidents and damage to my motorcycle.

Therefore, I believe it's crucial to address these issues to enhance commuter experiences

and safety. Improving the road conditions, such as minimizing humps, fixing uneven roads,

promptly repairing severely damaged manholes, and ensuring proper asphalt pavement, is

essential. These measures not only minimize accidents but also save time for drivers navigating

through Greenfields 1. Thus, prioritizing road maintenance is paramount in enhancing commuter

experiences and ensuring road safety.

Co-researcher E (Commuter) ----- Ms. Generous

I am just always at our house every time there is nothing to do outside. There was a time

when I needed to do things far from our house, so I had no choice but to take the jeep and pass

the roadway of Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City. As I remember, I pass through that road

twice a week or it depends on my schedule. It is a hassle for me to commute because of the

traffic this roadway makes due to broken pavement condition. We almost had an accident there

and I think the reason is the pavement roadway condition.

I would rather use another route than travel on this one because I am having trouble with

it and for me it is also a convenient way because it is not traffic. As much as possible, address

the issue before people are involved in accidents, as it poses a serious risk to both drivers and

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commuters. I recall the moment we touched down on the pavement. Thank God the driver

handled the situation correctly, because we were on the verge of an accident that may ruin our

lives if ever the situation, we had that time was not controlled that fast.

The road trip will be even more relaxing if there are not any difficulties to worry about.

Investing in roadway pavement maintenance is worthwhile and less hassle. I believe it is

particularly important to maintain the roadway pavement in the Novaliches because there are

many commuters there, and besides, there are many passersby. With this, the paths will be

smoother. All I can say is that they need to keep the roads maintained and checked every day

for better transportation.

Co-researcher F (Commuter) ----- Ms. Positive Thinker

As someone who regularly travels through Greenfields 1 in Novaliches, Quezon City, I'm

quite familiar with the area because I often visit friends and family there. I pass through at least

once a week. While some parts of the neighborhood have well-maintained roads that make for

a smooth ride, other sections are rough. These neglected parts have bumps and cracks that

concern me because they could potentially cause accidents. Sometimes, when I'm in a hurry,

these road conditions slow me down and make me late.

Despite these challenges, I stick to this route because I don't have many other options.

However, I would prefer a clearer and better-maintained road if there was one available. The

poor condition of the roads in Greenfields 1 makes my driving experience less enjoyable, as the

uneven surface causes vehicles to bounce around.

I believe it's important for authorities to invest in maintaining these roads regularly. This

is not just for my convenience but also for the safety of all commuters. Neglecting road

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maintenance can lead to accidents over time. Therefore, it's crucial to keep the pavement in

good condition to prevent such risks. I also stress the need for ongoing improvements to elevate

the overall road conditions from satisfactory to excellent through consistent maintenance efforts.

Symbolic Representation

Figure 4.1 - Symbolic Representation

The researchers chose the image above to be the symbolic representation of their

research study. Like how highways are vital pathways for communities, their research study

aims to improve road infrastructure specifically the pavement condition at the same time

ensuring everyone's comfort and safety. The "Safety First" road sign emphasizes how crucial it

is to give safety measures the top priority when managing highways and developing

transportation infrastructure. The researchers analyze perceptions to enhance pavement

conditions, similar to how engineers meticulously design highways for safety. They seek patterns

to guide changes in habits and infrastructure for a safer and more efficient road experience, like

how commuters rely on visible road signs for guidance and safety. Through prioritizing safety

and cooperation, their goal is to create a more sustainable and enjoyable highway experience

for all and at the same time the safety of highway users would be the top priority.

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Researchers’ Reflection

1. Enhance the Pavement Condition for the Safety of Highway Users. It entails a

comprehensive approach to ensuring the integrity and safety of roadways during

construction projects. This is not only to safeguard the well-being of individuals but also

minimizes disruptions to traffic flow and ensures smooth navigation through construction

zones. Bele (2022) stated that the research findings underscore the importance of

prioritizing maintenance efforts to enhance the quality and safety of roads.

Co-researcher A (Civil Engineer). Ms. Adorable honestly exposed his

experiences with the researchers as he said that “Well-versed in transportation

safety, particularly concerning well-maintained roads, as emphasized by

prioritizing improved road markings and visible signages enhances awareness for

drivers, commuters, and pedestrians, minimizing hazards during construction.”

Co-researcher B (Civil Engineer). While Mr. Diligent did mention a particular

answer "to ensure the safety of road users during pavement improvements, I

advocate for the implementation of safety devices such as signs and barriers."

Co-researcher D (Driver). Also Mr. Honest expressed that "Improving the road

conditions, such as minimizing humps, fixing uneven roads, promptly repairing

severely damaged manholes, and ensuring proper asphalt pavement, is essential."

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2. Environmental Impact of a Well-Maintained Roadway. A maintained roadway not only

ensures safe and efficient travel for motorists but also has significant environmental

implications. The environmental impact of a maintained roadway extends beyond its

surface, fostering sustainable transportation infrastructure that harmonizes with the

natural environment. According to Nemtsov (2018) by incorporating road safety

considerations into pavement maintenance decisions, authorities can prioritize

investments in infrastructure upgrades that not only enhance road quality but also

contribute to overall safety outcomes for motorists and pedestrians.

Co-researcher A (Civil Engineer). Ms. Transportation, who is knowledgeable on

transportation safety and in terms of properly maintained roads, said that "This not

only ensures transportation safety but also positively impacts the environment.”

Co-researcher C (Driver). Mr. Genius noticed that keeping roads maintained had

an impact on road users, saying that “Proper Road maintenance is essential not

only for the safety of drivers but also for the well-being of all road users.”

Co-researcher D (Driver). Mr. Honest emphasizes the advantage of maintaining

the road as he said that “Prioritizing Road maintenance is paramount in enhancing

commuter experiences and ensuring road safety.”

Co-researcher F (Commuter). Ms. Positive Thinker also said that “This is not just

for my convenience but also for the safety of all commuters."

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3. Pavement Maintenance Gives the Best Experience for Vehicle Safety. To restore the

pavement's functional condition, pavement maintenance - as opposed to more extensive

rehabilitation activities, is often carried out prior to the pavement's serious degradation.

Positive effects on commuter safety, driver safety, and even vehicle safety is produced

by well-maintained roads, which also include surface condition. According to Dong &

Huang (2012) maintenance treatments do not aim at changing pavement structural

capacity. It is crucial to perceive the effectiveness of different treatments to select the

right maintenance strategy.

Co-researcher C (Driver). Mr. Genuis observed how motorcycle riders are

particularly affected by pavement conditions as he said that "The impact of

pavement conditions on motorcycle riders cannot be overstated, as motorcycles

are vulnerable to loss of control, skidding, and slipping on uneven surfaces.”

Co-researcher E (Commuter). Ms. Generous gave his opinion as he said that "I

believe it is particularly important to maintain the roadway pavement in the

Novaliches because there are many commuters there, and besides, there are

many passersby. With this, the paths will be smoother."

Co-researcher F (Commuter) Ms. Positive Thinker also said that "…some parts of

the neighborhood have well-maintained roads that make for a smooth ride."

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4. Uneven Roadway Conditions Might Results in Accidents. It poses a significant risk

to drivers, passengers, and pedestrians, often leading to accidents with potentially severe

consequences. By addressing uneven pavement surfaces promptly and effectively,

authorities can mitigate the risk of accidents, enhance road safety, and safeguard the

well-being of all road users. According to (Kamal & Bas, 2021) apart from the variables

resulting from driver conduct and vehicle upkeep, the transportation sector endeavors to

mitigate the risks linked to substandard pavement.

Co-researcher A (Civil Engineer). Ms. Adorable informed of problems caused by

road conditions as stated that "Recognizing the challenges of poor road conditions,

traffic, and inadequate transit-oriented development."

Co-researcher C (Driver). Mr. Genuis notices that "The presence of uneven

terrain diminishes the enjoyment of driving."

Co-researcher D (Driver). Mr. Honest recognizing his experience as he said that

"There are instances of inconvenience due to sand debris, nearly causing me to

slip, as well as encountering abnormal sizes of humps and uneven roads."

Co-researcher E (Commuter). Ms. Generous pointing out the significant risks

posed by the problem of a road's poor state "As much as possible, address the

issue before people are involved in accidents, as it poses a serious risk to both

drivers and commuters."

Co-researcher F (Commuter). Ms. Positive Thinker also stated that “Neglecting

Road maintenance can lead to accidents over time.”

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CHAPTER FIVE

EIDETIC INSIGHTS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter represents the eidetic insights, implications and recommendations offered

by the researchers.

Statement of the Problem

Precisely, this phenomenological study attempts to explore the perception of civil

engineers, drivers, and commuters in ameliorating pavement condition for better highway

experience in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City. Specifically, this seeks for a valid and

reliable data to the following questions:

1. How does the perception of civil engineers, drivers, and commuters contribute to

ameliorate the pavement condition in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City?

2. What are the implications of these perceptions in ameliorating pavement

condition in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City?

Eidetic Insights

Based on the stated perceptions and a comprehensive interview of the data, the

researchers hereby present the summary of findings.

The research study findings underline the crucial need of prioritizing innovation and

quality maintenance to improve pavement condition, especially during construction projects.

Civil Engineers, Drivers, and Commuters indicate the importance of well-maintained roads in

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reducing interruptions, increasing awareness through appropriate road markings and

prominent signage, and ensuring safety for all road users. With these, they surely expressed

that the highway users experience better.

Furthermore, the Civil Engineers, Drivers, and Commuters recognized the substantial

environmental consequences of roadway maintenance, stating that it not only improves

transportation safety but also has a good impact on the environment. The findings emphasize

the necessity of good road maintenance for the safety and well-being of all highway users.

In addition, the Civil Engineers, Drivers, and Commuters demonstrate the need of

pavement care in guaranteeing vehicle safety, citing its benefits for highway users.

Understanding the efficacy of maintenance treatments is considered critical in identifying

appropriate techniques to address pavement issues and ensure safe streets.

Promptly fixing uneven roadway conditions has been acknowledged as critical to

reducing the likelihood of accidents and improving road safety for all users. Civil Engineers,

Drivers, and Commuters highlighted the problem faced by bad road conditions, emphasizing

the importance of proactive efforts to minimize accidents and ensure safe driving experiences

for highway users.

In conclusion, the findings highlight the crucial need of prioritizing and implementing

effective maintenance plans to improve road quality, safety, and environmental sustainability

for the benefit of all road users specifically in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City.

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Implications:

The findings that have been summed up below lead to a couple of implications:

Road maintenance is shifting towards prioritizing convenience over the more

challenging path, as authorities aim for ambitious goals without putting in the necessary effort,

often resorting to careless thinking. One of the subject matters that the co-researchers in the

study are continually looking up is efficient public transportation in order to benefit everyone

and make it more appropriate and less inconvenient for people to get to their intended place

of residence, especially for commuters.

The upkeep of transportation routes is among the most important tasks because it helps

to maintain the value and quality of road properties. Cracks, potholes, and surface

deterioration are examples of minor issues that are prevented from becoming more serious

and major replacements by road maintenance.

In addition to focusing on the problem with pathways, co-researchers also highlight the

benefits of roadway preservation for individuals whose lives may be impacted by it and the

critical role that pavement maintenance plays in ensuring everyone's safety.

Furthermore, smoother, more comfortable rides and less breakdowns on vehicles are

two benefits of well-maintained roads for those individuals.

Overall, the benefits of well-maintained pavement condition go beyond improvements,

while in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City, they can help to create better highway

experience that is safer, sustainable, and lessen the accidents in which has a favorable effect

on local economies, communities, and the environment.

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Recommendations

This section of the research study suggests for the best course of action and recommends

something that is relevant.

Civil Engineers Professionals, the researchers advocate to devote time and resources

towards enhancing the system in specific areas whereas roadway challenges are more acute. It

is critical that they not only seek to improve the current state of roadways, but also work to

restructure the governing framework that governs their functioning in modern times.

Drivers, the researchers recommend exercising the use of caution when operating

automobiles, particularly on highways. They emphasize that depending merely on indirect

emotional involvement is insufficient for addressing traffic concerns and may even result in

injuries and accidents.

Commuters, the researchers encourage commuters to adhere to safe practices while

utilizing highways, emphasizing the importance of exercising caution and vigilance while

commuting to mitigate the risk of accidents. Ensuring travelers' safety requires increased

awareness of their surroundings as well as strict observance to established safety rules while

driving on the highway.

Universities, the researchers recommend disseminating additional papers that directly

address roadway issues for the benefit of highway users. Content standards must also include

vehicle maintenance, speed limit adherence, and promotion of appropriate driving practices in

the context of practical application among people residing in their field. Emphasizing defensive

driving skills and traffic awareness can help to lower the chance of accidents and assure

commuter safety.

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Future Researchers, the researchers recommend doing further or more applicable

studies on highway transportation and the said research should prioritize the safety precautions

when using roadways for as to safeguard the highway user’s safety on the road, Furthermore,

implementing proper protocols and measures to reduce potential risks and accidents is critical

for the successful execution of research projects.

Department of Public Works and Highways, the researchers strongly urged the

department to prioritize comprehensive steps to improve roadway safety. This entails executing

effective traffic management techniques, maintaining high-quality road infrastructure, and

incorporating innovative traffic monitoring and control systems. By proactively addressing these

issues, the organization can drastically reduce the number of accidents and protect the safety

of all road users.

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Documentation

Figure 5.1 - Recorded Video of first co-researcher.

Figure 5.2 – Response (Screenshot) of second co-researcher.

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Figure 5.3 - Response (Screenshot) of third co-researcher.

Figure 5.4 - Response (Screenshot) of fourth co-researcher.

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Figure 5.5 - Response (Screenshot) of fifth co-researcher.

Figure 5.6 - Response (Screenshot) of sixth co-researcher.

Note: Research Consent Form will be presented on the Appendices (Chapter VI)

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CHAPTER VI

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, APPENDICES, AND CURRICULUM VITAE

Acknowledgement

First and foremost, praises to the Almighty God, for His showers of blessings throughout

the research study and its successful completion.

Second, to our research adviser, Engr. Eric John L. Laron for providing us with

invaluable supervision, academic support, and creative suggestions on how to strengthen our

research paper. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under his guidance.

Third, huge appreciation to our co-researchers whose willingly helped us with their full

cooperation, which made this research study achieve its smooth completion and reliable

essence.

Fourth, to our classmates for their generosity to give recommendations to the

researchers to strengthen the research paper.

Fifth, to our respective families, for their tolerance in encouraging us and boosting our

self-esteem to successfully complete this research study. Above all, the research study would

not be possible without their financial support, which enables the researchers to comply on time

with respective research tasks.

Last but not the least, to the National University (Fairview) - Civil Engineering

Department, for giving the students an opportunity to develop their skills and be part of

something extraordinary that they can apply in real life and might change the current highway

and transportation system.

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Appendices

Research Study Consent Form

Date: February 16, 2024

Research Study Title: Enhancing Roadway: Perception in Ameliorating Pavement Condition

for Better Highway Experience in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City

Researchers:

Mark P. Pilongo

Ej Mae E. Tanio

Sofia R. Manacho

Ruelyn Claire J. Porras

Queency A. Pillonar

Ernie D. Mallanao and;

Melvyn James F. Costales

School Name:

National University - Fairview

School Address:

NU Fairview Complex, Quirino Highway, Corner Regalado Greater Lagro, Quezon City.

Purpose of the research:

This research study aims to know the perception of civil engineer professionals,

commuters, and drivers of Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City in ameliorating their roadway

pavement condition for better highway experience.

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What you will be asked to do in the research:

As co-researcher, you will be answering questions that will be given by the researchers.

The questions will be focusing on the perception of ameliorating roadway pavement condition

for better highway experience in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City.

You will be interviewed based on your preferences (face-to-face or online) and the whole

interview process will be recorded for data collecting purposes. We are asking for your

participation in our interview, and it may last for about five to twenty minutes.

Risks and Discomforts:

As researchers, we do not foreknow any risks or discomfort from your participation in the

research.

Benefits of the Research and Benefits to you:

This interview will help our research to get information about the perception of

ameliorating roadway pavement condition for better highway experience in Greenfields 1,

Novaliches, Quezon City. And this will also serve as a medium for you, a civil engineer by

profession, commuter, or driver, to share your thoughts, opinions and experiences that would be

beneficial to our research study.

Voluntary Participation:

Your participation in the research study is voluntary and you may choose to stop

participating at any time.

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Withdrawal from the study:

You can stop participating in the study at any time, for any reason, if you decide. In the

event you withdraw from the study, all associated data will be immediately destroyed wherever

possible.

Confidentiality:

All information you supply during this research will be held in confidence and unless you

specifically indicate your consent, your name will not appear in any report or publication of the

research unless you specifically indicate your consent. Your data will be safely stored in a safe

facility and only researchers will have access to this information. Confidentiality will be fully

provided possible.

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Questions about the research:

If you have questions or queries about the research study in general, your role in the

study, about the process, and about your rights as a co-researcher in the study, kindly please

contact our research study leader, Mark P. Pilongo (0915-324-5975) or through email

markpilongo2001@gmail.com.

I, __________________________________________ (full name of co-researcher),

participated in research study entitled, “Enhancing Roadway: Perception in Ameliorating

Pavement Condition for Better Highway Experience in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon

City” conducted by Mark P. Pilongo, Ej Mae E. Tanio, Sofia R. Manacho, Ruelyn Claire J.

Porras, Queency A. Pillonar, Ernie D. Mallanao, and Melvyn James F. Costales of Bachelor of

Science in Civil Engineering, researcher from National University – Fairview. I have understood

the nature of this research study and wish to participate. My signature below indicates my

consent.

____________________________________________

Signature over printed name of the co-researcher/Date

____________________________________________

Signature over printed name of the researcher/Date

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Interview Protocol

Prepared by Mark P. Pilongo, Ej Mae E. Tanio, Sofia R. Manacho, Ruelyn Claire J.

Porras, Queency A. Pillonar, Ernie D. Mallanao, and Melvyn James F. Costales of Bachelor of

Science in Civil Engineering, researcher from National University – Fairview with a proposed

research study, “Enhancing Roadway: Perception in Ameliorating Pavement Condition for Better

Highway Experience in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City.”

Date of Interview:

Time Duration:

Name of Co-Researcher:

(Take note, name is optional and will be kept confidential once the co-researchers

will not allow the researcher to include his real name.)

Questions: (for civil engineering professionals)

1. What made you decide to pursue a civil engineering degree?

2. Can you describe your daily experiences on the highway?

3. How important is it for you to have safe roadway condition?

4. Do you have any experience in projects especially related to highway development?

a. If yes, ask their experiences with regards to highway development.

b. If none, ask their point of view with regards to the positive and negative impact of

ameliorating roadway condition.

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5. In enhancing roadway pavement, what factors do you consider when improving pavement

condition for roadway?

6. In your perspective, what measures do you take to ensure the safety of road users while

implementing pavement improvements?

7. Can you describe the road situation of Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City (provide

a photo and a video)?

8. What innovative technologies or materials do you think can be employed to enhance the

pavement durability and roadway performance in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon

City?

9. What is the positive impact of enhanced roadway pavement in Greenfields 1, Novaliches,

Quezon City and how they can help highway users with their daily experiences?

Questions: (for commuters)

1. How often do you pass by the roadway of Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City?

2. Can you describe your daily experience on the road of Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon

City?

3. Due to the current roadway pavement condition in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon

City, have you ever experienced any inconveniences while commuting?

4. As a commuter, have you ever changed your route because of the poor roadway

pavement conditions in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City?

5. How do you think roadway pavement conditions affect your entire highway experience?

6. Do you think investing in roadway pavement maintenance is a worthwhile endeavor for

enhancing the commuter experience?

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7. As a commuter, how important is it for you to maintain the roadway pavement condition

in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City for better highway experience?

8. In your opinion, what other improvements do you think could be made to enhance the

roadway conditions in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City?

Questions: (for drivers)

1. How do roadway pavement conditions affect your driving experience in terms of safety

and comfort?

2. Can you describe your daily experience on the road of Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon

City?

3. Due to the current roadway pavement condition in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon

City, have you ever experienced any inconveniences while driving?

4. As a driver, have you ever changed your route because of the poor roadway pavement

conditions in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City?

5. How do you think roadway pavement conditions affect your entire driving experience?

6. Do you think investing in roadway pavement maintenance is a worthwhile endeavor for

enhancing the commuter experience?

7. As a driver, how important is it for you to maintain the roadway pavement condition in

Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City for better highway experience?

8. In your opinion, what other improvements do you think could be made to enhance the

roadway conditions in Greenfields 1, Novaliches, Quezon City?

Thank you so much for spending your valuable time with us. We assure you that your

responses will be confidential. We hope that you will still have time to see us in the near future

for follow up interview as the need arises.

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About The Researchers

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