ASME BPVC.II.

A-2023 SA-765/SA-765M

SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON STEEL AND LOW-ALLOY

STEEL PRESSURE-VESSEL-COMPONENT FORGINGS
WITH MANDATORY TOUGHNESS REQUIREMENTS

SA-765/SA-765M

(Identical with ASTM Specification A765/A765M-07(2017).)

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 SA-765/SA-765M ASME BPVC.II.A-2023

Standard Specification for

Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel Pressure-Vessel-
Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness
Requirements

1. Scope 1.8 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated carbon steel and tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-
alloy steel forgings with mandatory toughness requirements. pound units.
These forgings are intended for pressure vessels, feedwater 2. Referenced Documents
heaters, and similar uses.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 These forgings include tube sheets, covers, channel A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
barrels, integral forged channels, rings, nozzles, flanges, and Steel Forgings
similar parts. A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.3 All grades are considered weldable under proper condi- of Steel Products
tions. A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
1.4 The maximum thickness of forgings produced to this Forgings
specification is limited only by the capacity of the selected A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
grade to respond to any heat treatment specified and to meet the quirements
specified mechanical tests, including impact tests at the speci- E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
fied temperature. E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
Industry
1.5 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
2.2 ASME Standards:
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, 3. Ordering Information
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
tional supplementary requirements. 3.1 In addition to the ordering information requirements of
Specification A788/A788M, a detailed sketch or written de-
1.6 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict scription of the forging and the method of selecting the test
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the location (see 6.2) should be supplied to the producer, when
requirements of this specification shall prevail. appropriate areas of significant in-service loading of the
1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI forging need to be designated.
[metric] units are to be regarded separately as the standard; 3.2 The required impact test temperature should be supplied
within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. if different than the temperature listed in Table 3, otherwise the
The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; impact test shall be conducted at the temperature listed in Table
therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. 3 for the chosen Grade.
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
formance with the specification. 3.3 If a hubbed tube sheet is to be supplied for ASME Boiler
and Pressure Code Application Supplementary Requirement
S12 of Specification A788/A788M shall be specified.

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TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Definitions A370. The usage of subsize impact specimens must
Composition, % have prior purchaser approval.
Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V 6.1.1 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the
Carbon, max 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.30 producer and specified on the order, impact tests may be made
Manganese 0.60 to 0.60 to 0.90 max 1.00–1.60 0.60–1.35
1.35 1.35 at temperatures different from those shown in Table 3 provided
Phosphorus, 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 the test temperature is at least as low as the intended service
max temperatures and the provided impact energy requirements of
Sulfur, max 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
Silicon 0.15 to 0.15 to 0.15 to 0.15–0.50 0.15–0.35 Table 3 are met. Such forgings shall be suitably marked in
0.35 0.35 0.35 accordance with 9.1 to identify the test temperature.
Nickel, maxA 0.50 0.50 3.3 to 3.8 0.50 max 1.0–2.0
Vanadium, max 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03 6.2 Test Location—Test coupons shall be taken so that the
Aluminum, max 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Chromium,A 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.40 0.30
longitudinal axis and mid-length of tension and impact test
max specimens shall be positioned in accordance with one of the
Molybdenum,A 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.10 0.12 following methods:
max
Copper, max 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 6.2.1 Method 1—Forgings with 2 in. [50 mm] maximum
A
Intentional additions of Cr, Mo, and Ni up to the specified maximum are permitted thickness. The specimens shall have their longitudinal axis at
to be made to Grades I, II, and IV by the manufacturer. the midthickness or the center of the cross section and with the
midlength of the specimen at least 2 in. [50 mm] from any
second surface.
3.4 If steel is required to be vacuum degassed, Supplemen- 6.2.2 Method 2—Grade I and Grade II forgings with thick-
tary Requirement S8 of Specification A788/A788M should be nesses greater than 2 in. up to 4 in. [50 to 100 mm] inclusive,
specified. or Grade III and IV forgings with thicknesses greater than 2 in.
up to 6 in. [50 to 150 mm] inclusive. The specimens shall have
4. Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties their longitudinal axis at least 1⁄4 T of maximum heat-treated
4.1 Heat treatment shall consist of one of the following heat thickness from any surface and with the midlength of the
treatment options of the manufacturer’s choice. specimen at least one T from any second surface. This is
4.1.1 Normalize and temper. normally referred to as 1⁄4 T by T when T is the maximum
4.1.2 Double normalize, wherein the second austenitizing heat-treated thickness. A thermal buffer may be used to adhere
temperature is at the same or lower temperature than the first, to the condition in 6.3. Unless otherwise agreed upon, the
followed by tempering. following limitation for heat-treated thickness shall apply:
4.1.3 Quench and temper, with the option of adding a Grade in. [mm], min in. [mm], max
preliminary normalize before austenitizing for quenching in a I 2 [50] 4 [100]
II 2 [50] 4 [100]
suitable liquid medium. The type of cooling medium used shall
III 2 [50] 6 [150]
be reported. IV 2 [50] 6 [150]
4.1.4 Use of an intercritical heat treatment cycle in accor- V 2 [50] 6 [150]
(Classes 1 and 2)
dance with Specification A788/A788M in which cooling from
the full and partial austenitization stages may be done by liquid 6.2.3 Method 3—For forgings thicker than described in
quenching or air cooling. The method of cooling and type of Method 2 (6.2.2):
quench medium, if used, shall be reported. 6.2.3.1 Prior to heat treatment the forging shall be machined
4.1.5 The minimum tempering temperature shall be 1100ºF to a purchaser supplied or approved drawing that indicates the
[590ºC]. locations of significant in-service loading in the finished part.
The mechanical test specimens shall be located as an integral
5. Chemical Requirements
part of the forging such that the mid-point of the gauge length
5.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam- of the tension test specimen and the area under the notch of the
pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall impact specimens are located no closer than the dimension t
comply with Table 1. from one heat treated surface and 2t from any other heat treated
5.2 Product Analysis—The purchaser may use the product surface where t is the dimension from the area of significant
analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a loading to the heat treated surface, or 3⁄4 in. [20 mm] whichever
product analysis from a forging representing each heat or is the greater.
multiple heat. 6.2.4 Method 4—This method shall be limited to forgings
with a rough machined weight of not more than 1000 lb [455
6. Mechanical Requirements kg]. Separate test forging when agreed upon between the
6.1 General Requirements—The forgings shall conform to purchaser and the supplier. Test coupons representing forgings
the tension test requirements of Table 2. The forgings shall also from one heat and one heat treatment lot may be taken from a
conform to the impact test requirements of Table 3. The largest separately forged piece under the following conditions:
obtainable round tension test specimen as specified in Test 6.2.4.1 The separate test forging shall be of the same heat of
Methods and Definitions A370 shall be used. Impact speci- material and shall be subjected to substantially the same
mens shall be Charpy V-notch, Type A, as in Test Methods and reduction and working as the production forging it represents.

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TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements

Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
Class 1 Class 2
Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 60 to 85 70 to 95 70 to 95 80–105 60–85 70–95
[415 to 585] [485 to 655] [485 to 655] [550–725] [415– 585] [485–655]
A
Yield strength, in, ksi [MPa] 30 [205] 36 [250] 37.5 [260] 50 [345] 30 [205] 37.5 [260]
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], 25 22 22 22 25 22
min, %
Reduction of area, min, % 38 30 35 30 38 35
A
0.2 % offset or 0.5 % total extension underload method.

TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements

Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
(Classes 1 and 2)
Minimum average value of set of three specimens, ft-lbf (J) 13 [18] 15 [20] 15 [20] 26 [35]A 15 [20]
Minimum value of one specimen, ft-lbf (J) 10 [14] 12 [16] 12 [16] 20 [27]A 12 [16]
Test temperature of,B °F [°C] −20 [−30] −50 [−45] −150 [−100] −20 [−30] -75 [-60]
A
Mandatory conformance to the values listed is a matter of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. The energy values above are shown for information
as to guarantees that are generally available.
B
Actual test temperature should be established at time of order. If no temperature is specified, tests will be made at test temperatures shown in this table.

6.2.4.2 The separate test forging shall be heat treated in the 6.5.2 For all other forgings the longitudinal axis of test
same furnace charge and under the same conditions as the specimens may be oriented parallel to the direction of maxi-
production forging. mum hot working of the forging.
6.2.4.3 The separate test forging shall be of the same
6.6 Number of Tests:
nominal thickness as the production forging.
6.2.4.4 Test coupons for small forgings as described in 6.6.1 Forgings Under 500 lb [230 kg] As Treated—For
Method 2 shall be taken so that specimens shall have their duplicate forgings weighing less than 500 lb as treated, one
longitudinal axes at the region midway between midthickness tension test and one impact test (three specimens) shall be
and the surface and with the midlength of the specimens no made to represent each heat in each heat-treatment charge.
nearer any heat-treated edge than a distance equal to the When heat treatment is performed in continuous-type furnaces
forging thickness except when the thickness-to-length ratio of with suitable temperature control and equipped with recording
the production forging does not permit, in which case a pyrometers so that complete heat-treatment records are
production forging shall be used as the test forging and the available, a heat-treatment charge shall be considered as any
midlength of the specimens shall be at the midlength of the test continuous run not exceeding an 8-h duration.
forging. 6.6.2 Forging Weighing 500 to 10 000 lb [230 to 4500 kg]
6.2.4.5 Test coupons for larger forgings shall be taken in As-Heat Treated—One tension and one impact test (three
accordance with Method 3 (6.2.3). specimens) shall be made for each forging.
6.3 Metal Buffers—The required distances from treated 6.6.3 Each forging weighing over 10 000 lb [4500 kg] shall
surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of integral require two tension tests and two impact tests (three speci-
extensions. Buffer material may be carbon or low-alloy steel, mens). When the length (excluding prolongs) is equal to or less
and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetration than 11⁄2 times the diameter, the tests may be taken from one
weld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens shall be located end of the forging with a tension test and one set of impact tests
at 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] minimum from the buffered surface of the at each of two locations oriented 180° apart. When the length
forging. Buffers shall be removed and the welded areas (excluding prolongs) is greater than 11⁄2 times the diameter, one
subjected to magnetic particle test to assure freedom from tension test and one set of impact tests must be taken from each
cracks unless the welded areas are completely removed by location from opposite ends of the forging and the locations on
subsequent machining. each end should be oriented 180° apart from each other.

6.4 Samples shall be removed from forgings after heat 7. Repair Welding
treatments. This sample material shall be subjected to a
simulated post-weld heat treatment if Supplementary Require- 7.1 Repair welding, as permitted by the purchaser, shall be
ment S6 is specified. performed in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code.
6.5 Test Orientation:
6.5.1 For upset disk forgings such as tube sheets the
8. Reporting
longitudinal axis of test specimens may be oriented in the
radial or tangential direction, or parallel to the axis of the 8.1 The type of quenching medium used for the heat
forging, as shown in Supplementary Requirement S12 of treatment cycle in 4.1.3 shall be reported, or in the case of
Specification A788/A788M. 4.1.4, whether air cooling or quenching was used and the type

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 ASME BPVC.II.A-2023 SA-765/SA-765M

of quench medium if applicable. The other certification re- would indicate that the impact testing was done at 10°F for a
quirements of Specification A788/A788M also apply. Grade 11 forging. For forgings tested under the M designation
an example would be A765M-11-060 for a Grade 11 forging
9. Product Marking tested at -60°C or A765M-11-10 for a Grade 11 forging tested
9.1 The test temperature, if different from that given in at 10°C.
Table 3, shall be marked on the forging as a suffix to the Grade
and Class designation. A prefix of 0 to the test temperature 10. Keywords
indicates that the temperature was under 0°F, or 0°C if the M
designation specification is being used. For example, A765-11- 10.1 alloy steel forgings; carbon steel forgings; heat-treated;
075 would indicate that the impact testing for Grade 11 was impact tested; intercritical heat treatment; pressure vessel;
done at -75°F instead of -50°F. A marking of A765M-11-10 weldable

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the
purchaser in the order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall have been previously
negotiated and mutually agreed to between the forging manufacturer and the purchaser.

S1. Product Analysis S5. Liquid Penetrant Examination

S1.1 The manufacturer shall use the product analysis pro- S5.1 All surfaces shall be examined by a liquid penetrant
vision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a product method. The method shall be in accordance with Test Method
analysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat. E165.
S5.2 Acceptance criteria shall be specified.
S2. Grain Size S6. Simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Mechanical
S2.1 The forgings, subsequent to the final heat treatment, Test Samples
shall have prior austenitic grain size of 5 or finer as determined S6.1 All test coupons shall be subjected to single or multiple
by the McQuaid-Ehn Test (Test Methods E112). heat treatments at subcritical temperatures prior to testing.
Such treatments are intended to simulate post-weld or other
S3. Impact Transition Curve treatments to which the forgings will be subjected during
subsequent fabrication. The purchaser shall furnish the manu-
S3.1 Sufficient impact tests shall be made from the forging facturer with details of the desired heat treatment for the test
test material to establish a temperature versus absorbed-energy coupons, including temperatures, times, and cooling rates.
curve. The test temperature range shall be wide enough to
establish the upper and the lower shelf foot-pound-force (or S7.
joules) energies, with sufficient testing at intermediate tempera- Deleted
tures to permit plotting a reasonably smooth curve.
S8. Ultrasonic Examination
S4. Magnetic Particle Examination S8.1 Forgings shall be ultrasonically examined in accor-
dance with the procedures of Practice A388/A388M.
S4.1 All accessible surfaces of the finished forging shall be S8.2 Acceptance criteria shall be specified.
examined by a magnetic particle method. This method shall be
in accordance with Test Method A275/A275M. S9.
S4.2 Acceptance criteria shall be specified. Deleted

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