B. Sc.

(HONOURS)
IN MATHEMATICS
(IIIrd year)

UNDER THE FRAMEWORK OF

HONOURS SCHOOL SYSTEM

2024-2025
 PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH
OUTLINES OF TESTS, SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
B.Sc. (HONOURS) MATHEMATICS (SEMESTER SYSTEM)
UNDER THE FRAMEWORK OF HONOURS SCHOOL SYSTEM
ACADEMIC SESSION 2024-2025

PREAMBLE

To teach the fundamental concepts of Mathematics and their applications. The syllabus pertaining to
B.Sc. (Honours) Mathematics (3 Year course & 6 Semesters) in the subject of Mathematics under Honours
School framework has been upgraded as per provision of the UGC module for CHOICE BASED CREDIT
SYSTEM and demand of the academic environment. The syllabus contents are duly arranged unit-wise
and contents are included in such a manner so that due importance is given to requisite intellectual skills
according to UGC module for CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM pertaining to B.Sc. (Honours School)
Mathematics.

EVALUATION

1. There shall be one Mid Term Examination of 20% Marks in each semester.
2. There shall be continuous internal assessment for practicals of 20% marks.
3. Each practical examination shall be of 3 hours duration.
4. The end-semester examination will be of 80% marks.

Pattern of End-Semester Question Paper

1. Nine questions in all with equal weightage. The candidate will be asked to attempt five questions.
2. One Compulsory question (consisting of short answer type questions) covering whole syllabus. There
will be no choice in this question.
3. The remaining eight questions will have Four Units comprising two questions from each unit.
4. Candidate will be asked to attempt one question from each unit and the compulsory question.

Note: For any course (Core/DSE/SEC) with practicals, the faculty member teaching the theory part
will deliver the following for every practical session.

• A handout of iterative formulas to be used in the practical session.

• At least three problems of distinctive nature, to be discussed during the practical session.
• A soft copy of programming codes/commands, required to build corresponding programs.

2
 Course Structure with Credit Details
(Total Credits=152)

Semester Nature of Course Course Codes No. of Credits

Courses
I Core Courses MAT-C1, MAT-C2 2 6 × 2 = 12
Ability Enhancement Courses AECC1 or AECC2 1 2
General Elective Courses* 2 6 × 2 = 12
Total 5 26
II Core Courses MAT-C3, MAT-C4 2 6 × 2 = 12
Ability Enhancement Courses AECC1 or AECC2 1 2
General Elective Courses* 2 6 × 2 = 12
Total 5 26
III Core Courses MAT-C5 to MAT-C7 3 6 × 3 = 18
Skill Enhancement Courses MAT-SEC1 to MAT-SEC5 1 2
General Elective Courses* 1 6
Total 5 26
IV Core Courses MAT-C8 to MAT-C10 3 6 × 3 = 18
Skill Enhancement Courses MAT-SEC1 to MAT-SEC5 1 2
General Elective Courses* 1 6
Total 5 26
V Core Courses MAT-C11 to MAT-C12 2 6 × 2 = 12
Discipline Specific Electives MAT-DSE1 to MAT-DSE8 2 6 × 2 = 12
Total 4 24
VI Core Courses MAT-C13 to MAT-C14 2 6 × 2 = 12
Discipline Specific Electives MAT-DSE1 to MAT-DSE8 2 6 × 2 = 12
Total 4 24

3
 Core Courses
Semester Course Code Name of Course
I MAT-C1 Calculus*
MAT-C2 Algebra
II MAT-C3 Real Analysis
MAT-C4 Differential Equations*
III MAT-C5 Theory of Real Functions
MAT-C6 Group Theory I
MAT-C7 PDE and System of ODE*
IV MAT-C8 Numerical Methods*
MAT-C9 Riemann Integration and Series of Functions
MAT-C10 Ring Theory and Linear Algebra I
V MAT-C11 Multivariate Calculus
MAT-C12 Group Theory II
VI MAT-C13 Metric Spaces and Complex Analysis
MAT-C14 Ring Theory and Linear Algebra II

*These courses also have practicals worth 2 credits, along with 4 credits for their theory. In such courses,
the faculty member teaching theory part will design a weekly handout of at least three problems, to be
discussed during practical sessions.
**DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSES (any two per semester in Semesters V-VI)

1. MAT-DSE1: Number Theory.

2. MAT-DSE2: Probability and Statistics.
3. MAT-DSE3: Discrete Mathematics.
4. MAT-DSE4: Statics.
5. MAT-DSE5: Some Special Functions and Integral Transforms
6. MAT-DSE6: Dynamics.
7. MAT-DSE7: Differential Geometry.
8. MAT-DSE8: Mathematical Modeling.
9. MAT-DSE9: Data Analytics using R.

4
 **SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES (any one per semester in Semesters III-IV)

1. MAT-SEC1: Logic and Sets.

2. MAT-SEC2: LaTeX and HTML.
3. MAT-SEC3: Graph Theory.
4. MAT-SEC4: Computer Algebra Systems and Related Software.
5. MAT-SEC5: Programming with C.

**Courses under these will be offered only if a minimum of 10 students opt for the same.
The Core courses MAT-C1, MAT-C2, MAT-C3 and MAT-C4 of semester I-II may be opted
as the generic elective subjects by other departments.

TEACHING HOURS

Each of Core, Generic Elective and Discipline Specific Elective subjects consists of 60 lectures, which
consists of (i) 48 contact hours of teaching to be delivered exclusively by the teacher as per the sched-
uled time-table and (ii) 12 hours for the tutorials, interaction, discussion, assignments and seminars (at-
tended/delivered) by the students.

5
 MAT-C11: Multivariate Calculus
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: The main goal of this course is to deliver the mathematical rigour of differential and integral
calculus for multivariate functions. It also aims to discuss the basics of Fourier series and Fourier transforms,
along with their applications.

Unit-I

Directional derivatives, total differentiability, Jacobian, Chain rule, Mean value theorem for differentiable
functions, sufficient condition for differentiability, symmetry of mixed partial derivatives, Taylor’s formula
for real valued functions of several variables..
[Scope: Chapter 12-13 from (A)]

Unit-II

The gradient, maximal and normal property of the gradient, tangent planes, Extrema of functions of
several variables, method of Lagrange multipliers, constrained optimization problems, convex functions, the
inverse function theorem and the implicit function theorem.
[Scope: Chapter 12-13 from (A)]

Unit-III

Integration over a rectangle, Jordan regions, the integral over a Jordan region, iterated integrals, the
change of variables formula.
[Scope: Chapters 10 and 11 from (B)]

Unit-IV

1-Forms and path Integrals, change of variables, differential forms of higher order, Green’s theorem,
surface integrals and Stokes’s theorem, Gauss’s theorem, chains and cycles, the divergence theorem
[Scope: Chapters 10 and 11 from (B)]

6
 Essential Textbooks

(A) T. M. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, Narosa, 12th Reprint 2002.

(B) Joseph L. Taylor, Foundations of Analysis, Pure and Applied Undergraduate Texts, 18, American
Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2012.

Further Readings

1. E. Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics (10th ed.), John Wiley and Sons, 2011.
2. E. Marsden, A.J. Tromba and A. Weinstein, Basic Multivariable Calculus, Springer, 2005.
3. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, (3rd ed.). McGraw Hill, 1976.
4. J. Stewart, Multivariable Calculus, Concepts and Contexts (7th ed.), Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learn-
ing, 2012.
5. M. Spivak, Calculus on Manifolds. A Modern Approach to Classical Theorems of Advanced Calculus.
W. A. Benjamin, Inc., New York-Amsterdam, 1965.
6. M.J. Strauss, G.L. Bradley and K. J. Smith, Calculus, (3rd ed.), Dorling Kindersley (India)
Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education), 2007.
7. G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney Calculus, 12th ed., Pearson Education, 2014.

7
 MAT-C12: Group Theory II
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: This is an advanced course in group theory and MAT-C6 is a prerequisite for this course.

Unit-I

Group actions, Group acting on themselves by left multiplication and conjugation, Stabilizers, orbits and
kernels, Orbit-Stabilizer relation, Permutation representation associated with a given group action.

Unit-II

Applications of group actions, Generalized Cayley’s theorem, Index theorem, Class equation and its
applications., Simplicity of An , n > 4.

Unit-III

p-Groups, Sylow’s theorems and its applications, Semidirect products, Groups of order p2 , p3 and pq,
Classification of groups of order upto 15.

Unit-IV

Normal and subnormal series, Derived series, composition series, solvable groups and nilpotent groups,
Zassenhaus lemma, Schreier refinement theorem, Jordan Holder’s theorem.
Scope as in chapters 3, 4, 5, 6 of [A]

8
 Essential Textbooks

(A) D. S. Dummit and R. M. Foote, Abstract Algebra (3rd Edition), John Wiley and Sons, 2004.

Further Readings

1. John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra (7th ed.), Pearson, 2002.
2. M. Artin, Abstract Algebra (2nd ed.), Pearson, 2011.
3. I.S. Luthar and I.B.S. Passi, Algebra, Volume 1: Groups, Narosa, 1996.
4. Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra (4th ed.), Narosa, 1999.
5. I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited, India, 1976.
6. S. Singh and Q. Zameeruddin, Modern Algebra (7th ed.), Vikas Publishing House, 1993.

9
 MAT-C13: Metric Spaces and Complex Analysis
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: To deliver the notions of metric equivalence, homeomorphisms, path connectedness, along
with the basics of the differentiation and integration of complex functions.

Unit-I

Connected sets, unions, intersections and Cartesian products of connected sets, connected components,
totally disconnected metric spaces, paths, path-wise connectedness, polygonal connectedness in Rn , equiva-
lent metrics, uniform equivalence, Lipschitz equivalence and homeomorphisms.
(Scope: Sections 11.1 - 11.9, 13.1 - 13.3 and 13.6 of (B)).

Unit-II

Line and circle in the complex plane, the extended complex plane and its spherical representation,
Multivalued functions and their branches, argument, logarithm and power functions.
Derivative of a complex function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, sufficient conditions for differentiability,
analytic functions, analyticity at infinity, harmonic functions and their conjugates.
(Scope: Sections 1.3, 1.6, 2.1 - 2.7, 3.5-3.7 of (A)).

Unit-III

Curves, simply closed curves, complex line integral, primitives, path independence. Cauchy-Gaursat’s
theorem for rectangles, disks and for simply connected domains. Extensions of the Cauchy-Gaursat’s theo-
rem, winding number, Cauchy integral formula and its applications.
(Scope: Sections 4.1 - 4.7 of (A)).

Unit-IV

Liouville’s theorem, Gauss’ mean value theorem and maximum modulus principle. Introduction to the Taylor
and Laurent series expansions of complex functions.
Bilinear transformations, images of half planes and disks by bilinear transformations, cross ratio, intro-
duction to conformal transformations and the Riemann mapping theorem (statement only).

10
 (Scope: Sections 4.8 , 4.9, 6.3, 6.5, 9.2 - 9.6 of (A)).

Essential Textbooks

(A) H. S. Kasana, Complex Variables: Theory and Applications (2nd Edition), PHI, 2005.
(B) M. O. Searchoid, Metric Spaces (4th Indian Reprint), Springer, 2014.

Further Readings

1. J. Bak and D. J. Newman, Complex Analysis (2nd ed.), Springer-Verlag, 1997.

2. J. W. Brown, R. V. Churchill, Complex Variables & Applications (8th ed.), McGraw–Hill, 2009.
3. N. L. Carothers, Real Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
4. J. B. Conway, Functions of One Complex Variable (2nd ed.), Narosa, Reprint 2002.
5. S. Kumaresan, Topology of Metric Spaces (2nd ed.), Narosa, 2011.
6. S. Ponnusamy, Foundations of Complex Analysis (2nd ed.), Narosa, 2005.
7. S. Shirali and H. L. Vasudeva, Metric Spaces, Springer-Verlag, 2006.
8. G. F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 2004.

11
 MAT-C14: Ring Theory and Linear Algebra-II
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: This is an advanced course in ring theory and linear algebra. MAT-C10 is a prerequisite for
this course.

Unit-I

Historical discussion of the Fermat’s Last Theorem, Factorization and Divisibility in integral domains,
Irreducible and Prime elements in integral domains, Unique Factorizaion Domains (UFDs), Principal Ideal
Domains (PIDs), Euclidean domains and relationships between them.
(Scope as in Chapters 8 of [A]).

Unit-II

Ring of Gaussian integers and its applications like characterisation of Pythagorean triples and primes
that are sum of two squares, Factorization of polynomials in one variable over a field, Unique factorization
in R[X], R a UFD, irreducibility criterion.
(Scope as in Chapters 9 of [A]).

Unit-III

Modules, Definition and Examples, Comparison with vector spaces, Submodules, Quotient modules, Free
modules, Discussion of cardinality of two bases of a free module, Homomorphisms, Simple and Semisimple
Modules, Submodules and factor modules of Semisimple Modules.
(Scope as in Chapters 10 of [A]).

Unit-IV

Finitely generated torsion free modules over a PID, Structure of finitely generated modules over a PID
and its applications like Rational and Jordan Canonical forms.
(Scope as in Chapters 12 of [A]).

12
 Essential Textbooks

(A) D. S. Dummit and R. M. Foote, Abstract Algebra (3rd Edition), John Wiley and Sons, 2004.

Further Readings

1. B. Hartley and T. O. Hawkes, Rings Modules and Linear Algebra, Chapman and Hall, 1980.
2. John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra (7th ed.), Pearson, 2002.
3. M. Artin, Abstract Algebra (2nd ed.), Pearson, 2011.
4. Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra (4th ed.), Narosa, 1999.
5. I.S. Luthar and I.B.S. Passi, Algebra Volume 2 and 3 Rings, Modules, Narosa, 1999.

13
 MAT-DSE1: Number Theory
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: The aim of this course is to teach the students about the basics of Elementary Number
Theory starting with primes, congruences, quadratic residues, primitive roots, arithmetic functions. Apart
from teaching the theory, stress will be on solving problems.

Unit-I

Divisibility, Greatest common divisor, Euclidean algorithm, The Fundamental theorem of arithmetic,
Congruences, Residue classes and reduced residue classes, Chinese remainder theorem, Fermat’s little theo-
rem.

Unit-II

Wilson’s theorem, Euler’s theorem and its application to a cryptography, Arithmetic functions ϕ(n),
d(n), σ(n), µ(n), Mobius inversion formula, Greatest integer function.

Unit-III

Primitive roots and indices. Quadratic residues, Legendre symbol, Euler’s criterion, Gauss’s lemma,
Quadratic reciprocity law, Jacobi symbol.

Unit-IV

Representation of an integer as a sum of two and four squares. Diophantine equations, x2 + y 2 = z 2 ,

x4 + y 4 = z 2 . Binary quadratic forms and equivalence of quadratic Forms. Perfect numbers, Mersenne
primes and Fermat numbers, Farey fractions.
Scope: Chapters 1-9, 12-13, 15 of (A) and Chapter 6 of (B).

14
 Essential Textbooks

(A) D. M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, (7th Edition) Tata McGraw Hill, 2014.
(B) I. Niven, H. S. Zuckerman and H. L. Montgomery, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers,
(5th Edition), John Wiley and Sons, 2004.

Further Readings

1. H. Davenport,The Higher Arithmetic, (7th Edition), Cambridge University Press, 1999.

2. G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to Theory of Numbers, (6th Edition), Oxford
University Press, 2008.

15
 MAT-DSE2: Probability and Statistics
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: This course provides basic concepts of probability theory and the logic of statistical reasoning. It
covers the detailed concepts of random variables, probability functions, distributions, expectations, moments,
and central limit theorems. Throughout the course, concepts will be dealt with examples from real-life
applications like environmental regulation, genetics, financial regulation, and telecommunications, etc.

Unit-I

Sample space, probability axioms, conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem and independence of events.
Concept of real random variables (discrete and continuous), cumulative distribution function, probability
mass/density functions. Functions of a random variable.
(Scope: Chapter 1 and 2 of (A))

Unit-II

Mathematical expectation, moments, moment generating function, characteristic function. Moment inequal-
ities: Markov inequality, Chebyshev-Bienayme inequality, Lyapunov inequality. Multiple random variables,
independent random variables, joint cumulative distribution function, joint probability mass/density func-
tions, marginal probability mass/density functions. Functions of several random variables. Order statistics
and their distributions.
(Scope: Chapter 3 and 4 of (A))

Unit-III

Covariance, correlation, joint moments and conditional expectation. Discrete distributions and their inter-
relations: Degenerate, two-point, uniform, Bernoulli, binomial, geometric (case I and II), negative binomial
(case I, II, and III), hypergeometric, Poisson.
(Scope: Chapter 5 of (A))

16
 Unit-IV

Continuous distributions and their interrelations: uniform, exponential, Erlang(k), Gamma, beta, normal,
lognormal, Cauchy, Weibull, Laplace. Statement and interpretation of weak law of large numbers and strong
law of large numbers, central limit theorem for independent and identically distributed random variables
with finite variance.
(Scope: Chapter 5 and 7 of (A))

Essential Textbooks

(A) V. K. Rohatgi, and A. K. Md. Ehsanes An Introduction to Probability and Statistics, John Wiley
& Sons, 2015.

Further Readings

1. R. V. Hogg, J. W. McKean and A. T. Craig, Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Pearson

New International Edition, Asia, 2007.
2. W. J. Stewart, Probability, Markov chains, Queues, and Simulation: The Mathematical basis of
Performance Modelling, Princeton University Press, 2009.
3. I. Miller, M. Miller, and J. E. Freund, Mathematical Statistics with Applications, 7th Edition,
Pearson Education, Asia, 2006.
4. R. A. Johnson, I. Miller, and J. E. Freund, Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Pearson
Education London, 2000.
5. S. M. Ross, Introduction to Probability Models, Academic press, 2014.
6. J. L. Devore, Probability and Statistics, Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole, 2000.
7. J. L. Devore, Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences, Cengage Learning, 2015.
8. Ali Grami, Probability, Random Variables, Statistics, and Random Processes, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc, 2020.

17
 MAT-DSE3: Discrete Mathematics
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: The objective of this course is to acquaint the students with the basic concepts in Discrete
Mathematics and Graph Theory.

Unit-I

Pigeonhole principle, Basic counting principles, permutations and combinations of sets and multi sets,
Binomial and multinomial theorems, combinatorial identities, inclusion and exclusion principle.

Unit-II

Recurrence relation, Generating functions solution of recurrence relations using difference equations and
generating functions, Catalan numbers, Difference sequences and Sterling numbers. Partitions as associated
to distribution identical objects in identical boxes.

Unit-III

Elements of Graph Theory, Eulerian and Hamiltonian trails and cycles. Bipartite multigraphs, Trees,
Planer graphs, Euler formula.

Unit-IV

Spanning Trees, Algorithams for BFS and DFS trees weighted Graphs, Greedy algorithm and Prim’s
Algorithm for generating minimum weight spanning graphs, Digraphs, and Chromatic numbers.
Scope: as in Chapters 1-3,5-8,11 (except 11.6), 12 .1, 13.1,13.2 of (A).

Essential Textbooks

(A) R. A. Brualdi, Introductory Combinatorics, 5th Ed., Pearson, 2010.

Further Readings

1. M. K. Gupta, Discreate Mathematics, Krishna Publications, 2019.

2. J. L. Mott, Kandel and T. P. Baker, Discrete Mathematics for Computer Scientists and Math-
ematicians,Prentice Hall, 1986.

18
 MAT-DSE4: Statics
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: Mechanics is one of the important branches of mathematics that finds application in almost
all real world problems. This course is an introduction to statics, that is, the bodies at rest under action of
forces. Students will be introduced to the concept of force, their addition and resolution, moments, couples,
friction and equilibrium conditions. In addition, the centre of mass, gravity and stability of body will be
taught.

Unit-I

Basic notions: Inertial and non-inertial frame of reference, Weight of body, Force, Force with contact and
without contact, Force systems, Principle of transmissibility of forces, Basic concepts of mechanics. Forces
acting on a particle: Parallelogram law of forces, Triangle law of forces and its converse, Polygon of forces,
λ − µ theorem, Lami’s theorem and its converse, Components of a force in given directions. Resolution
of forces, Theorem on resolved parts of two and more concurrent forces. Condition of equilibrium of any
number of forces, Trignometric m − n theorem, equilibrium of a rigid body under the action of three forces.
(Scope as in Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 7 of S L Loney and Chapter 3 of A S Ramsey; All the relevant unsolved
exercises of these chapters must be covered)

Unit-II

Parallel forces: Resultant of two like parallel forces, unequal unlike parallel forces, Theorem of resolved parts
of two parallel forces, Centre of parallel forces, Centre of gravity. Moments and Couples: Moment of a force
about a point, Moment of a force about a line; Couple, Moment of a couple, Varignon’s theorem on moments
of two coplanar forces. Composition of coplanar couples, Composition of a number of couples, equilibrium
of couples, equivalence of couples.
(Scope as in Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 9 of S L Loney and Chapter 4 of A S Ramsey; All the relevant unsolved
exercises of these chapters must to be covered)

Unit-III

19
Coplanar forces: Resultant of a system of coplanar forces, Resultant of three coplanar forces to two, Reduction
of any number of coplanar forces to a single force or a single couple, Generalization theorem of resolved parts,
generalisation of Varignon’s theorem of moments, Condition of equilibrium of a system of coplanar forces,
Reduction of two coplanar forces to a single force or a single couple Resultant of a force and a couple,
Resolution of a force into a force and a couple, Reduction of a system of coplanar forces to a force and a
couple.
(Scope as in Chapters 5 and 6 of A S Ramsey and Chapter 8 of S L Loney, All the relevant unsolved exercises
of these chapters must to be covered)

Unit-IV

Friction: Definition and nature of friction, coefficient of friction, angle of friction, cone of friction, laws of
friction, equilibrium of a particle on a rough plane, Problems on ladders, rods etc. Virtual Work: Work done
by a force, Principle of virtual work with Applications.
(Scope as in Chapter 9 of A S Ramsey and Chapter 14, 15 and 17 of in S. L. Loney; All the relevant unsolved
exercises of these chapters must to be covered)

Essential Textbooks

(A) S. L. Loney, The Elements of Statics and Dynamics: Part 1 (Statics), A.I.T.B.S. Publishers 2015.
(B) A. S. Ramsey, Statics, Second Edition, CBS Publishers.

Further Readings

1. D. Kleppener and R.J.Kolenkow, An Introduction to Mechanics, McGraw Hill, 2009.

2. C. Kittel and W. Knight, Mechanics Berkeley Physics (Vol.1), McGraw Hill, 2011.
3. J. L. Synge, B. A. Griffith, Principles of Mechanics. 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1959.
4. J. L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, Engineering Mechanics: Statics. Vol.1, Wiley, 2013.
5. Ashok S. Pandit, Mechanics, Narosa, 2001.
6. D. S. Mathur, Mechanics, S. Chand, 2014.

20
 MAT-DSE5: Some Special Functions and Integral Transforms
Credits: 4

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 100 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: The objective of this course is to introduce the special function as a solution of specific
differential equations and acquaint the students with their properties, Integral Transforms and their inverse
have been introduced which help in solving the various initial and boundary value problems.

Unit-I

Legendre Polynomials – Orthogonal property of Legendre polynomials, Recurrence relations, Rodrigue’s

formula, generating function, Orthogonal and Orthonormal functions, Fourier- Legendre series.
Chebyshev Differential Equation, Chebyshev polynomials of first and second kind and relation between
them.

Unit-II

Generating function, orthogonal property, Recurrence formulae, Fourier Chebyshev Series.

Bessel’s functions. Strum-Liouville Problem – Orthogonality of Bessel functions, Reccurence formulae,
Generating function, Fourier-Bessel Series.

Unit-III

Laplace Transforms, Inverse Laplace transform, Solution of initial value problems using Laplace trans-
forms, Translation theorems, Laplace transform of Dirac-Delta function, Differentiation and Integration
of Laplace transform, Convolution theorems, Laplace transform of periodic functions, Laplace transform
method to solve some ordinary differential equations.

Unit-IV

Review of Fourier series, Fourier integrals, Fourier transforms, Applications of Fourier series and Fourier
transforms.
Scope: Chapters 7,8,9 of (A).

21
 Essential Textbooks

(A) R. K. Jain and S.R.K.Iyengar, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 2nd Edition, Narosa Publish-
ing House, 2004.

Further Readings

1. E. D. Rainville, Special Functions, NY Macmillan, 1960.

22
 MAT-DSE6: Dynamics
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: Dynamics is one of the important branches of mathematics that finds application for bodies
in motion. This course is to study the motion of moving body. Students will be introduced to the concept of
motion along a straight line with constant and variable acceleration. In addition, motion in a plane, SHM,
projectile, work, power energy, momentum and impulsive motion will be taught.

Unit-I

Basic notions: Kinematics, kinetics, uniform motion, position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, uni-
form velocity, Linear momentum.
Motion of a particle in a straight line: Motion of a particle with constant acceleration, motion of a body
let fall free from rest, motion of a body projected vertically upwards.
(Scope: Relevant topics in Chapter 1, 3 and 4 of A S Ramsey; All the relevant unsolved exercises of these
chapters must be covered)

Unit-II

Newton’s Laws of Motion: Newton’s Laws of Motion, Motion of two particles connected by a string,
Motion along a smooth inclined plane, constrained motion along a smooth inclined plane.
Variable acceleration: Simple harmonic motion.
(Scope: Relevant topics in Chapter 4, 5 and 11 of S L Loney; All the relevant unsolved exercises of these
chapters must to be covered)

Unit-III

Motion of a particle in a plane: Composition and resolution of velocities and Acceleration in a plane,
Projectiles, motion in a circle, Motion under constraint.
Work and energy: Work, Conservative fields and the potential energy, work done against gravity, Potential
energy of a gravitational field.
(Scope: Relevant topics in Chapter 6, 7, 9 and 10 of S L Loney: All the relevant unsolved exercises of
these chapters must be covered)

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 Unit-IV

Relative motion: Relative displacement, velocity and acceleration, motion relative to a rotating frame
of reference. Momentum: Linear momentum, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum,
impulsive forces, principle of impulse and momentum, motion with respect to centre of mass of a system of
particles. Impulsive motion: Collisions of elastic bodies, loss of energy during impact.
(Scope: Relevant topics in Chapters 6 and 8 of S L Loney and Chapter 10 and 11 of A S Ramsey: All
the relevant unsolved exercises of these chapters must be covered)

Essential Textbooks

(A) A. S. Ramsey, Dynamics, Cambridge University Press.

(B) S. L. Loney, The Elements of Statics and Dynamics: Part 2 (Dynamics)), Arihant Prakashan.

Further Readings

1. A.P. Roberts, Statics and Dynamics with Background in Mathematics, Cambridge University Press,
2003.
2. M. Ray and G. C. Sharma, A Text Book on Dynamics, S. Chand and Company, 2008.
3. J.L. Synge and B.A. Griffith, Principles of Mechanics, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1959.

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 MAT-DSE7: Differential Geometry
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: In this course the tools of calculus, differential equations and linear algebra acquired in
courses C1, C3, C4, C5, C9, C11 will be used to study problems in geometry.

Unit-I

Theory of Space Curves: Curves in the planes and in space, arc length, reparametrization, curvature,
Serret-Frenet formulae. osculating circles, evolutes and involutes of curves, apace curves, torsion, Serret-
Frenet formulae.

Unit-II

Theory of Surfaces Surfaces, smooth surfaces, tangents, normals and orientability, quadric surfaces, the
first and the second fundamental forms, Euler’s theorem. Rodrigue’s formula.

Unit-III

Gaussian Curvature, Gauss map and Geodesics: The Gaussian and mean curvatures, the pseudosphere,
flat surfaces, surfaces of constant mean curvature, Gaussian curvature of compact surfaces, the Gauss map,
Geodesics, geodesic equations, geodesics of surfaces of revolution, geodesics as shortest paths, geodesic
coordinates.

Unit-IV

Minimal Surfaces and Gauss’s Remarkable Theorem: Plateau’s problem, examples of minimal surfaces,
Gauss map of a minimal surface, minimal surfaces and holomorphic functions, Gauss’s Remarkable Theorem,
isometries of surfaces, The Codazzi-Mainardi Equations, compact surface of constant Gaussian curvature

Essential Textbooks

(A) Andrew Pressley, Elementary Differential Geometry (4th Indian Reprint), Springer, 2009.

Further Readings

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1. T.J. Willmore, An Introduction to Differential Geometry, Dover Publications, 2012.
2. B. O’Neill, Elementary Differential Geometry (2nd ed.), Academic Press, 2006.
3. C.E. Weatherburn, Differential Geometry of Three Dimensions, Cambridge University Press 2003.
4. D.J. Struik, Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry, Dover Publications, 1988.
5. S. Lang, Fundamentals of Differential Geometry, Springer, 1999.
6. B. Spain, Tensor Calculus: A Concise Course, Dover Publications, 2003.

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 MAT-DSE8: Mathematical Modelling
Credits: 6

Contact hours: 60 6 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 150 (Including Internal Assessment-30) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: Modelling involves formulating real-life situations or converting mathematical concepts into
a real or plausible situation. It covers a number of basic modelling tasks, including constructing the math-
ematical model from scratch. This course exposes students to empirical, deterministic, probabilistic, and
simulation modelling.

Unit-I

Introduction to mathematical modelling, modelling approaches, Classifications and some characteristics

of Mathematical Modelling, limitations of Mathematical Modelling. Compartmental models: Exponential
decay, lake pollution models, drug assimilation into the blood (single pill and course of pills), equilibrium
points and stability (with case studies). Models of single populations: Exponential growth, density-dependent
growth, limited growth with harvesting, discrete population growth and chaos, Time-delayed regulation (with
case studies).
(Scope: Chapter 1-3 of (A)).

Unit-II

Interacting population models: Influenza outbreak, predators and prey, competing species, model of a battle
(with case studies). Phase-plane analysis of epidemic model, battle model, predators prey, competing species
models.
(Scope: Chapter 5-6 of (A)).

Unit-III

Heat and mass transport models: Newton’s law of cooling, water heater, heat conduction and Fourier’s
law, heat conduction through a wall, radial heat conduction, diffusion. Time dependent heat models: case
studies of cooling, water heater, heat loos through wall, double glazing, cooling computer chip and tumor
growth.
(Scope: Chapter 9-11 of (A)).

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 Unit-IV

Monte Carlo Simulation Modelling: (deterministic) Area under a curve, volume under a surface, generating
random numbers, middle square method, linear congruence. Monte Carlo Simulation Modelling: (proba-
bilistic) detecting fair and unfair coin, dice, Inventory model: (Gasoline and consumer demand). Harbor
system and morning rush hour modelling. Discrete probabilistic modeling: Discrete systems for transition
matrix, system reliability, linear regression model (with case studies)
(Scope: Chapter 5-6 of (B)).

Essential Textbooks

(A) Belinda Barnes & Glenn R. Fulford, Mathematical Modeling with Case Studies, A Differential
Equation Approach using Maple and Matlab, (2nd Edition), Taylor and Francis group, London and
2009.
(B) Frank R. Giordano, Maurice D. Weir & William P. Fox, A First Course in Mathematical
Modelling, Thomson Learning, London and 2003.

Further Readings

1. E. A. Bender, An Introduction to Mathematical Modelling, Dover Publications, 2000.

2. L. D. Clive,, Principles of Mathematical Modelling, Elsevier, 2004.
3. J. N. Kapoor, Mathematical Modelling, New Age International Publishers, 2nd Edition, 2021
4. M.M. Meerschaert, Mathematical Modelling, Academic Press, 4th Edition, 2013.
5. Rutherford, Mathematical Modelling Techniques, Dover Publications, 2012.

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 MAT-DSE9: Data Analytics using R (Theory)
Credits: 4

Contact hours: 48 4 hrs/per week (including Tutorials)

Max. Marks: 100 (Including Internal Assessment-20) Time allowed: 3hrs.

ˆ Candidates will be asked to attempt five questions out of nine, carrying equal marks. Question No.1
spread over the whole syllabus will be compulsory.
ˆ There will be two questions from each unit and the students will have to attempt one from each unit.

Objective: Students in this course will learn how to turn data into useful information that will assist
them in making better decisions. A variety of data analysis techniques, including descriptive, inferential,
predictive, and prescriptive analysis, will be covered in this course.

Unit-I

Descriptive Statistics: Introduction to the course, calculations with R software, descriptive statistics,
frequency distribution, graphics and plots, central tendency of data, variation in data, association of variables,
probability distributions (discrete and continuous).

Unit-II

Inferential Statistics: Inferential statistics through hypothesis tests, permutation and randomization test.
Regression and ANOVA: regression analysis, fitting of linear models, ANOVA (analysis of variance,
one-way and two-way). Machine Learning - Introduction and Concepts: Differentiating algorithmic
and model based frameworks. Regression: Ordinary least squares, ridge regression, K nearest neighbours
regression and classification.

Unit-III

Supervised learning with regression and classification techniques: Bias-Variance dichotomy, model
validation approaches, logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis, classification trees and support vector
machines, Ensemble methods: Random forest, neural networks deep learning.

Unit-IV

Unsupervised Learning and Challenges for Big Data Analytics: Clustering associative rule, mining
challenges for big data analytics. Prescriptive analytics: Creating data for analytics through designed
experiments, creating data for analytics through active learning, creating data for analytics through rein-
forcement learning.

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 MAT-DSE9: Data Analytics using R (Practical)
Credits: 2

Contact hours: 2 hrs/week (3 practicals per week ) In groups of 15 students

Max. Marks: 50 (Final 40+Internal Assessment-10) Time allowed: 3hrs.

Objective: Students in this course will learn how to turn data into useful information that will assist them
in making better decisions. A variety of data analysis techniques, including descriptive, inferential, predic-
tive, and prescriptive analysis, will be covered in this course.

Instructions: The concerned teacher will prepare assignment sheets based on the topics listed below or
another topic related to the course, at his/her discretion:
List of Practical’s

1. Topic: Descriptive Statistics

2. Topic: Inferential Statistics

3. Topic: Regression & ANOVA

4. Topic: Machine Learning- Introduction and Concepts

5. Topic: Supervised Learning with Regression and Classification techniques

6. Topic: Unsupervised Learning and Challenges for Big Data Analytics

7. Topic: Prescriptive analytics

Essential Textbooks

(A) T. Hastie, R. Tibshirani, and J. Friedman, The elements of statistical learning data mining,
inference, and prediction, 2nd Edition, Springer, 2017.
(B) EMC Eductation Services, Data science and big data analytics: discovering, analyzing, visualizing
and presenting data, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2015.
(C) C. Heumann, Schomaker and M. Shalabh, Introduction to statistics and data analysis with ex-
ercises, solutions and applications in R, Springer International Publishing, 2017.

Further Readings

1. V. K. Rohatgi, and A. K. Md. Ehsanes An Introduction to Probability and Statistics, John Wiley
& Sons, 2015.
2. R. V. Hogg, J. W. McKean and A. T. Craig, Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Pearson
New International Edition, Asia, 2007.

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 3. P. L. Meyer, Introductory probability and statistical applications, Addison-Wesley Publishing Com-
pany, Inc., Philippines, 1970.
4. I. Miller, M. Miller, and J. E. Freund, Mathematical Statistics with Applications, 7th Edition,
Pearson Education, Asia, 2006.
5. R. A. Johnson, I. Miller, and J. E. Freund, Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Pearson
Education London, 2000.
6. J. L. Devore, Probability and Statistics, Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole, 2000.
7. J. L. Devore, Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences, Cengage Learning, 2015.
8. D. C. Montgomery and G. C. Runger, Applied statistics and probability for engineers, John Wiley
& Sons, 2010.
9. G. Shmueli, N. R. Patel and P. C. Bruce, Data mining for business intelligence: Concepts,
techniques, and applications in Microsoft Office Excel ® with XLMiner ® , John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
2011.
10. P. L. de Micheaux, R. Drouilhet, and B. Liquet, The R software-fundamentals of programming
and statistical analysis, Springer, 2013.
11. A. Zuur, E. N. Ieno and E. Meesters, A beginner’s guide to R, Springer Science & Business
Media, 2009.

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