Renewable energy

MTE 257 - 21
[ Quiz 3]

Submitted by
Mohamed Mahmoud Abdullah Nada
20200982
B.NO. 147
Mechatronics Eng. Dept.
Higher Technological Institute
Submitted to
Eng. Hany Yehia
Mechanical Eng. Dept.
Mar. 2024
Question 1
A flat plate solar collector with an area of 2 m2 is tested by the ASHRAE method with beam
radiation nearly normal to the plane of the collector and the following data have been recorded.
𝑰𝒄 𝑊 𝑚2 947 947 947 789 947
𝒎̇
𝑘𝑔 0.0385 0.0362 0.0364 0.0348 0.0359
𝑠
𝑻𝒄 (°𝐶) 30.5 51 57 80 80.8
𝑻𝒂 (°𝐶) 24.4 26.7 24.4 25.6 26.1
𝑻𝒐𝒖𝒕 (°𝐶) 32.8 53.3 58.9 80.9 82.4
𝑻𝒊𝒏 (°𝐶) 27.7 46.7 53 78.5 78.9
 Find out graphically the efficiency equation for this collector.
 For seven collectors in series at a flowrate of 0.015 kg/s.m2, estimate the useful energy
collected if water is circulated through the collectors. The available solar radiation is 800
W/m2, and the ΔT (Ti – Ta) is equal to 5 °C.
 For five collectors in parallel each at a flowrate of 0.01 kg/s, estimate the useful energy
collected if water is circulated through the collectors. The available solar radiation is 900
W/m2, and the ΔT (Ti – Ta) is equal to 7 °C.
 If this solar flat plate collector is to be used for generating 2400 kW.hr electric power per
day, the incident solar radiation is 600 W/m2 and it is available for 8 hours/day, the
collector temperature is 50 ⁰C and the ambient temperature is 25 ⁰C. Assuming that the
conversion efficiency from thermal to electric is 30%. Estimate the number of required
collectors.
 If 30 solar flat plate collectors of the same type are to be used for generating 2 MW.hr
electric power per day, the incident solar radiation for 6 hours/day, the collector
temperature is 55 °C and the ambient temperature is 25 ⁰C. Assuming that the conversion
efficiency from thermal to electric is 28%. Estimate the incident solar radiation required.
 The same flat plate solar collector with a heat removal factor of 1.2 is working under the
following conditions. The intensity of solar radiation on the collector surface is 900 W/m2.
Inlet temperature of fluid is 50°C. Ambient temperature is 25°C. Mass flow rate of water
= 0.04 kg/s. Estimate the useful heat energy.
Solution

 Find out graphically the efficiency equation for this collector.

𝑰𝒄 𝑊 𝑚2 947 947 947 789 947
𝒎̇
𝑘𝑔 0.0385 0.0362 0.0364 0.0348 0.0359
𝑠
𝑻𝒄 (°𝐶) 30.5 51 57 80 80.8
𝑻𝒂 (°𝐶) 24.4 26.7 24.4 25.6 26.1
𝑻𝒐𝒖𝒕 (°𝐶) 32.8 53.3 58.9 80.9 82.4
𝑻𝒊𝒏 (°𝐶) 27.7 46.7 53 78.5 78.9
𝑸𝒖 (𝑊) 822.11745 1000.358 899.2 349.698 526.09655
𝜼 0.4341 0.528 0.47476 0.2216 0.27777
(𝑻𝒄 − 𝑻𝒂 ) 0.0062302 0.0256599 0.034424 0.068948 0.05776
𝑰𝒄
(𝑻𝒊 − 𝑻𝒂 ) 0.003484 0.02112 0.0302 0.06705 0.05576
𝑰𝒄

𝐴 = 2𝑚 𝑄 = 𝑚̇𝑐 (𝑇 −𝑇 ) 𝐶 = 4187 𝐽 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝐾
𝑄 = 𝑈 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ (𝑇 − 𝑇 )
𝑄 =𝑄 −𝑄 = 𝐼 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝜏 ∙ 𝛼 − 𝑈 ∙ 𝐴 (𝑇 − 𝑇 )
Solar radiation = 𝐼 ∙ 𝐴
𝑄 𝐼 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝜏 ∙ 𝛼 − 𝑈 ∙ 𝐴 (𝑇 − 𝑇 ) 𝑇 −𝑇
𝜂= × 100 = × 100 = 𝜏 ∙ 𝛼 − 𝑈 × 100
𝐼 ∙𝐴 𝐼 ∙𝐴 𝐼
𝑦 = 𝐴 − 𝐵𝑥

At = 0 → 𝜂 = 𝜏 ∙ 𝛼 → 𝜂 = 0.553 → from graphically

Slope = −𝑈 = → 𝑈 = 4.29 𝑊
𝑚 ∙ °𝐶
𝑇 −𝑇
∴ 𝜂 = 0.553 − 4.29 × 100
𝐼
 For seven collectors in series at a flowrate of 0.015 kg/s.m2, estimate the useful energy
collected if water is circulated through the collectors. The available solar radiation is 800
W/m2, and the ΔT (Ti – Ta) is equal to 5 °C.
𝑇 −𝑇
𝜂 = 𝐹𝑟 ∙ 𝜏 ∙ 𝛼 − 𝐹𝑟 ∙ 𝑈
𝐼
𝑦 = 𝐴 − 𝐵𝑥 → 𝑦 = 0.53958 + 4.2885𝑥
𝐹𝑟 = 0.97573

𝑄 = 𝐹𝑟 ∙ 𝐼 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝑛 ∙ 𝜏 ∙ 𝛼 − 𝑈 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝑛(𝑇 − 𝑇 )

𝑄 = 0.97573(800 × 2 × 7 × 0.553 − 4.29 × 2 × 7 × 5)

𝑄 = 5750.2696

 For five collectors in parallel each at a flowrate of 0.01 kg/s, estimate the useful energy
collected if water is circulated through the collectors. The available solar radiation is 900
W/m2, and the ΔT (Ti – Ta) is equal to 7 °C.
𝑇 −𝑇
𝜂 = 𝐹𝑟 ∙ 𝜏 ∙ 𝛼 − 𝐹𝑟 ∙ 𝑈
𝐼
𝑦 = 𝐴 − 𝐵𝑥 → 𝑦 = 0.53958 + 4.2885𝑥
𝐹𝑟 = 0.97573
𝑄 = 𝐹𝑟 ∙ 𝐼 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝜏 ∙ 𝛼 − 𝑈 ∙ 𝐴 (𝑇 − 𝑇 ) = 0.97573(900 × 2 × 0.553 − 4.29 × 2 × 7)
𝑄 = 912.6392
𝑄 = 7 × 912.6392 = 6388.475087

 If this solar flat plate collector is to be used for generating 2400 kW.hr electric power per
day, the incident solar radiation is 600 W/m2 and it is available for 8 hours/day, the
collector temperature is 50 ⁰C and the ambient temperature is 25 ⁰C. Assuming that the
conversion efficiency from thermal to electric is 30%. Estimate the number of required
collectors.
Required Power = = 8000 𝐾𝑊 ∙ ℎ. 𝑟/𝑑𝑎𝑦
%

Required Power 8000 × 10

𝑄 = = = 10 𝑊
8 h. r/day 8
6 6
𝑄 𝑇 −𝑇 10 50 − 25 10
𝜂= → 0.553 − (4.29) = → 0.553 − (4.29) =
𝐴 ∙𝑛∙𝐼 𝐼 2∙𝑛∙𝐼 600 2 × 𝑛 × 600

𝑛 = 2226.675 ≅ 2227 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

 If 30 solar flat plate collectors of the same type are to be used for generating 2 MW.hr
electric power per day, the incident solar radiation for 6 hours/day, the collector
temperature is 55 °C and the ambient temperature is 25 ⁰C. Assuming that the conversion
efficiency from thermal to electric is 28%. Estimate the incident solar radiation required.
×
Required Power = = 7.143 𝑀𝑊 ∙ ℎ. 𝑟/𝑑𝑎𝑦
%
 Required Power 7.143 × 10
𝑄 = = = 1.19 × 10 𝑊
8 h. r/day 8
𝑄 𝑇 −𝑇 106 50 − 25 10 6
𝜂= → 0.553 − (4.29) = → 0.553 − (4.29) =
𝐴 ∙𝑛∙𝐼 𝐼 2∙𝑛∙𝐼 𝐼 2 × 30 × 𝐼
𝐼 = 36.074 𝐾𝑊/𝑚

 The same flat plate solar collector with a heat removal factor of 1.2 is working under the
following conditions. The intensity of solar radiation on the collector surface is 900 W/m2.
Inlet temperature of fluid is 50°C. Ambient temperature is 25°C. Mass flow rate of water
= 0.04 kg/s. Estimate the useful heat energy.
𝑄 =𝐹 𝐼 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝜏 ∙ 𝛼 − 𝑈 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ (𝑇 − 𝑇 ) = 1.2 900 × 2 × 0.553 − 4.29 × 2 × (50 − 25)
𝑄 = 937.08 𝑊