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Lecture 7 (CN)

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15 views16 pages

Lecture 7 (CN)

Uploaded by

nomanpakistan0332
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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In the name of Almighty Allah…

Computer Networks

Muhammad Bilal, Ph.D.


Ph.D. Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China
MS Computer Science, NTU Faisalabad Pakistan
B.Sc (Hons) Computer Science, UET Lahore Pakistan
Email:- dr.bilal@numl.edu.pk
National University of Modern Language
Motivation
Internet Protocol (IP)

➢ Network Layer protocol


➢ IP is a routed protocol and IP address is not a
routed Protocol(Network device identify)
➢ IP addresses are two version
i. IPV4
ii. IPV6
4
IP Service
IP supports the following services:-
➢ one-to-one (unicast)
➢ one-to-all (broadcast)
➢ one-to-several (multicast)

unicast
broadcast multicast

➢ IP multicast also supports a many-to-many service


➢ IP provides an unreliable connectionless best effort service (datagram service)
5
IPV4 Address Format
➢ IPV4 address are 32 bits(4 Bytes)
➢x.x.x.x (Where x is a decimal variable)
➢ Total 256 Numbers(28)
➢ Range are 0 – 255
➢ x.x.x.x (4 Octet exist)

8 888
➢ 232 combination exist(Approximately 4 Arab)

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IPV4 Address
➢ First IP address is 0.0.0.0
➢ Last IP address is 255.255.255.255
➢ Five classes exist
i. Class A
ii. Class B For Unicasting
iii. Class C
iv. Class D For Multicasting
v. Class E For Research and Testing used
Note:- Class D and Class E are not commercially used

7
IPV4 Address
➢ First IP address is 0.0.0.0
➢ Last IP address is 255.255.255.255
➢ Five classes exist
i. Class A
ii. Class B For Unicasting
iii. Class C
iv. Class D For Multicasting
v. Class E For Research and Testing used
Note:- Class D and Class E are not commercially used

8
IPV4 Address (Binary Octet)
➢ An octet is made up of eight “1”s and/or “0”s,
representing the following values:

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Note : All values are 2n (Right to Left calculated 20 to 27)

9
IPV4 Address (Range Calculation
Method)

➢ Range are calculated through First octet of IP classes


Class A begin with 0xxx
Class B begin with 10xx
Class C begin with 110x
Class D begin with 1110
Class E begin with 1111

10
IP Address Breakdowns
➢The class of the address determines, by default, which
part is for the network (N) and which part belongs to the
host (H)

Class A: NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH

Class B: NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH

Class C: NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH

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Class ranges for Internet addresses

12
IP Classes Table
Class 1st Octet Network/Host Default Subnet Number of Networks Hosts per Network (Usable
Decimal ID Mask Addresses)
Range (N=Network,
H=Host)

A 1 – 126 N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0 128 (27 ) 16,777,214 (224 – 2)

B 128 – 191 N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0 16,384 (214 ) 65,534 (216 – 2)

C 192 – 223 N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0 2,097,152 (221) 254 (28 – 2)

D 224 – 239 Reserved for Multicasting

E 240 – 254 Experimental; used for research

13
PRIVATE IP ADDRESS RANGES
PRIVATE ADDRESS RANGES are:-

➢ Class A: 10.0.0.0—10.255.255.255
➢ Class B: 172.16.0.0—172.31.255.255
➢ Class C: 192.168.0.0—192.168.255.255
Note:- Private addresses created by RFC 1918 are to be used for
addressing internal networks

14
Example
Suppose we have the address of: 206.15.143.89?
What class is it? Class C
What is the subnet mask?
255.255.255.0
What is the Network Address?
206.15.143.0
What is the host portion of the address?
0.0.0.89
15
Reference
[1] http://www.cisco.com
[2]William Stallings,(2011).Cryptography and Network
Security! New Jersey :Prentice Hall.
[3]James A. Senn, (2000). Information Technology in
Business! New Jersery: Prentice Hall.
[4]https://onlineclassnotes.com/what-are-five-components-
of-data-communications-system/

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