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Week 8 - Lab Instructions - DNS Server Configuration

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47 views8 pages

Week 8 - Lab Instructions - DNS Server Configuration

Uploaded by

siennachang1202
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab Instructions

Computer
Networks
Products
Lecturer:
Dr. Hamidreza Bagheri

York St John University


School of Science, Technology and Health

2024-2025
DNS Server Configuration
Background
A Domain Name System (DNS) server plays a crucial role in mapping the hostname of a
network device to its corresponding IP address. Typically, computers use the IP address of a
device to identify the device in a network. However, IP addresses can be challenging for
humans to remember.

DNS helps to associate a recognisable hostname of a device with its IP address. This enables
humans to reach the device using its name rather than its numerical IP address.

How DNS works:

When a host device attempts to reach a device in the network or a device on the internet, such
as “youtube.com,” the host device initiates a DNS request to the DNS server to discover the IP
address associated with “youtube.com.”

The DNS server responds to the host device with the IP address “youtube.com.”

Subsequently, the host device can directly send packets to “youtube.com” using the IP address
obtained from the DNS server.

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DNS Configuration in Packet Tracer
In this section, we will be working on how to configure a DNS server on Cisco Packet Tracer.
DNS servers used by host devices can be configured manually or learned using DHCP. In
this demonstration, I will show you how to configure a DNS server manually.
The network topology we will be using in this session is shown below. As you can see, it
comprises a DNS server, a host device representing Youtube.com, a router, two layer 2
switches, and three other PCs. In this demonstration, we will configure the DNS server to
have a record of all the host devices in the network, so that all the host devices can be
reached using their host names.

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Follow these steps:

Step 1: Assign IP address to the server

The server must have an IP address in order to be uniquely identified on a network, just like
other host devices that need an IP address to be recognised on a network. For DNS server
configuration, set the IP address of the server to 192.168.2.3, and its default gateway IP
address as 192.168.2.1, as indicated in the figures below.

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Step 2: Add DNS records
Open the “Services” tab to add the DNS records. To add a record, you need the hostname and
the IP address of the network device for which you want to map.

As shown above, we have added an entry to map the IP address 192.168.2.2 to the name
“youtube.com” in the DNS record. Configure the server by following the steps that are
highlighted in the image above. Repeat the steps in the figure for PC0, PC1, and PC2.

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After this step, you must see your configurations as shown below.

Step 3: Configure the interface of the router

To configure the router’s interfaces as labelled in the topology diagram, enter the following
commands.
Router#en
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname R0
R0(config)#interface g0/0/0
R0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R0(config-if)#no shutdown
R0(config-if)#interface g0/0/1
R0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R0(config-if)#no shutdown

Step 4: Configure the host devices

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Configure the default gateway and the DNS server on each of the host devices. The default
gateway should be the IP address of the interfaces of the router the PC is connected to, and
the DNS server IP is the IP address of the DNS server.
Configuration of IP, DNS server, and default gateway of PC0 are indicated in the figures below.

Repeat the above step for PC1 and PC2 in the network using the following table.

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Device Name IP address Subnet Mask Default Gateway DNS Server

PC1 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.3

PC 2 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.3

Step 5: Test the configuration

You can confirm that the configuration is working by sending a Ping packet to a host using
the hostname configured in the DNS record.

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