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Tanmay Sfa School

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59 views9 pages

Tanmay Sfa School

Uploaded by

harshgaming9806
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 Social Value

The social values are linked to consumptive and productive value of


biodiversity.‘Ecosystem people’ or traditional societies value biodiversity as a
part of their livelihood, as well as through cultural and religious sentiments.
Cultivation of rice and many other cereals are linked to certain social culture
and customs.

Ethical and Moral Values


There are several cultural, moral and ethical values which are associated with
the sanctity of all forms of life. Nature in Indian civilisation has been preserved
for hundreds of generations through local traditions and customs.Tribal people
in several states of our country have a number of sacred groves or ‘deorais’
around ancient sacred sites and temples.This acts as gene banks for several wild
plants.

TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY

 Genetic Diversity

Within each member of any animal or plant species there are often found a
number of varieties or races or strains which slightly differ from each other in
one, two or a number of characteristics such as shape, size, resistance to insects,
pests and diseases, ability to withstand adverse conditions of environment, etc.
These differences result as individualffer
di widely from others of its own species
in its genetic make-up, owing to the large number of combinations possible in the
genes that give every individual its specific characteristics. This diversity in the
genetic make-up of a species is referred to as genetic diversity.

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 Species Diversity

In any ecosystem the biotic component is composed of a few species only or a


large number of microbe, plant and animals species. These species react and
interact with each other and with the abiotic factors of the environment. The
diversity related to the numbers and relative abundance of species within a
community are referred to as species diversity.

 Components of species diversity


 Alpha diversity:

This is the local diversity which is expressed as the number of species in a small
area of more or less uniform habitat, Alpha or local diversity is, thus, sensitive to
habitat, area and intensity of sampling effort.

 Beta diversity:

The diffference in species from one habitat to the next is referred to as beta

greater is the beta diversity.

 Gamma diversity:

Gamma or regional diversity is the total number of species observed in all


habitats within a region or geographic area that includes no significant barriers
to dispersal of organisms. The boundaries of a region thus depend on which
organisms we consider. The distribution of species within a region reflects their
selection of suitable habitats rather than their inability to disperse to a
particular locality.

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FACTORS AFFECTING BIODIVERSITY
The conservation of biodiversity throughout the world is of significance for the
mankind and indeed to the constancy of the whole world. The vast genetic
variety available in terrestrial plants, animals and micro-organisms offers a
wealth of possibilities for the betterment of mankind in the production of foods
and medicines.

CAUSES OF REDUCTION IN BIODIVERSITY

 Destruction of natural ecosystems

The expanding human establishments has contributed largely to the rapid


declinein biodiversity.

The destruction of natural eco-systems are :

 The Boreal Coniferous forests of the north are probably the modest as
far as losses of biological diversity is concerned.

 Temperate and Sub-tropical regions consisting of coniferous forests


are now reduced to isolated patches of forest and woodland, standing
amidst vast stretches of plains, the grass prairies of North America,
Cedar groves of Lebanon and the hardwood forests of Europe are fast
disappearing. Only 12.3 million hectares out of the original 31 million
hectares has been left.

 Tropical regions comprising of developing countries (often designated


as mega diversity countries) are endowed with the richest flora and fauna of the
world.

 Adverse changes in environment

Biotic and abiotic factors of environment may undergo unfavorable changes


resulting in reduction of biodiversity.

These changes are :

 Environmental pollution.
 Over-exploitation of selected species.

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CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY

Being one of the so-called mega diversity countries, India has a broad range of
ecosys tems that contain a vast array of flora and fauna. The loss of biodiversity
is occurring worldwide and in India, too, this trend pre sents a clear threat.
India is committed to biodiversity conservation. It has developed an
extensive system of parks and sanctuaries covering more than 4 percent of its
land areas.

 :

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CONCLUSION
Having reached the end of this module, it is time for a small review. Biodiversity
is a concept that has no general definition. Usually it is used in a context that
stresses the need for attention on our living environment and the sustainable use
of natural resources.

Biodiversity can be divided in different types such as habitat, species

is an adequate method in dealing with the matter of biodiversity.

Loss of biodiversity and biodiversity conservation are concepts that


provide the basis for biodiversity management. The management of biodiversity
is a complex matter that needs the involvement of many different partners
ranging from governmental organisations to private companies, NGO's and
volunteers.

This aside, national and international commitment, legislation and


enforcement offer an essential framework for promoting and
maintaining biodiversity.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Biodiversity and its Conservation by
Satena Kum
ar

 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity

 https://www.scribd.com/mobile/doc/6559599/Biodiversity-and-Its-
Conservation

 Biodiversity : An Introduction byJohn Spicerand Kevin J. Gaston


.

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