5/10/24

IoT and Cloud

Foad Motalebi

IoT and Cloud

1. Internet of Things (IoT) 6. Edge Computing

2. IoT Advantages 7. Extending Edge Computing to

Fog Hierarchy

3. IoT & Cloud

8. Edge Computing & IIoT

4. IoT & Cloud Integration

Benefits 9. Characteristics of IIoT
Distinguishing it from IoT

5. The Latency Disadvantage

of Cloud 10. IIoT Communication

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1 – Internet of Things
(IoT)
• Internet of things (IoT) is a technology that permits
interaction between real-world physical elements such as
sensors, actuators, personal electronic devices, and so
on, over the Internet to facilitate various applications in
the fields of e-health, intelligent transportation, and
others.

• The basic idea of IoT is the pervasive utilization of things

or objects such as RFID tags, sensors, actuators, mobile
phones, and so on which, through unique addressing
schemes, are able to interact with each other and
cooperate with their neighbors to reach common goals.

• IoT is the convergence of different visions—things-

oriented, Internet-oriented, and semantic-oriented.

2 – IoT Advantages
• It helps people to control household devices to save energy and in turn
save money.

• It can also be used to monitor the health of a person who needs

immediate attention.

• People can control their security systems at home through their mobile
phones for their personal safety.

• IoT can also be used in asset tracking and inventory control, shipping and
location, security, individual tracking, and energy conservation.

• It helps track consumer-based information given by the devices.

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3 – IoT & Cloud

• Many challenges face this upcoming technology, in which

technology and social network must be united for unique
addressing, storing, and exchange of collected information.

• IoT is a remarkable point of contact for both sensing

environments and cloud where the underlying physical items
can be further abstracted according to thing-like semantics.

• With emerging IoT technology, a new framework is

introduced to converge the utility-driven, cloud-based
computing.

4 – IoT & Cloud Integration Benefits

• IoT devices generate massive amounts of data, which can be stored and processed
efficiently in the cloud. The cloud provides a scalable and flexible environment for
handling large volumes of IoT data.
• Cloud-based IoT platforms enable remote monitoring, management, and control of
IoT devices. These platforms provide centralized management and analytics
capabilities, which can help organizations to optimize their IoT deployments.
• The cloud can also provide a secure environment for IoT data and applications.
Cloud-based security solutions can help protect IoT devices and networks from
cyber threats.
• Cloud-based machine learning and artificial intelligence tools can help
organizations to derive insights from IoT data. These tools can analyze large volumes
of data in real-time, enabling organizations to make data-driven decisions.
• The integration of IoT and cloud computing is driving digital transformation in many
industries enabling new business models and creating new opportunities for
innovation.

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5 – The Latency Disadvantage of

Cloud
• Cloud does have the disadvantage of introducing higher network latency because
a data center is remote from the customers it serves.

• Cloud providers attempt to minimize network latency in two ways:

• The use of multiple, geographically diverse sites: To reduce latency, a public

cloud provider does not collect all its facilities into a single data center. Instead,
a provider creates multiple data centers, and places them at geographic
locations (zones) near sets of customers.

• Low-latency network connections: In the second technique, providers minimize

latency by using low-latency network connections. A large enterprise customer
may choose to lease a direct connection from the customer site to a cloud data
center. To minimize latency for smaller customers, a major cloud provider
connects directly to Tier-1 Internet backbone networks.

5 – The Latency Disadvantage of

Cloud - cont.
§ Some industries that need low latency are:
§ Agriculture
§ Automotive
§ Environmental Monitoring
§ Health Care
§ Manufacturing
§ Mass Transit
§ Oil and Gas
§ Retail
§ Transportation
§ Utilities

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6 – Edge Computing
• How can cloud computing be adapted to meet the requirements
for low latency? The answer lies in an architecture known as edge
computing.

• In Edge Computing we place some of the computing facilities

near each source of information and perform initial processing
locally. Simultaneously we run applications in a cloud data center
and use the cloud applications to handle computational-intensive
tasks.

• The term edge arises because cloud data centers typically

connect to a centralized point of the Internet, whereas
networking professionals say that users’ devices connect to the
“edge” of the Internet. Hence, computation performed near such
devices occurs near the edge.

7 – Extending Edge Computing to Fog Hierarchy

§ Industry reserves the term edge datacenter for a small data center directly adjacent to
endpoints and uses the term fog datacenter to refer to an intermediate datacenter in an
edge hierarchy.
§ A multi-level hierarchy of edge and fog datacenters permits another optimization: data
caching. Caching can be used at all levels of the hierarchy and works for data flowing in either
direction.

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8 – Edge Computing & IIoT

• Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to an enhanced, larger-scale version of the Internet of
Things.
• IIoT refers to a network of industrial devices, such as sensors, machines, and other equipment,
that are connected to the internet and can communicate with each other. These devices are
typically used in manufacturing, energy production, or other industrial settings.
• IIoT is often used to optimize industrial processes, improve safety, and increase efficiency.
• The primary difference between consumer IoT systems and Industrial IoT systems lies in the
importance : a company depends on an IIoT system as part of a critical business function.
• While there are some similarities between IoT and IIoT, the main difference is the context in
which they are used. IoT is focused on consumer applications, while IIoT is focused on
industrial applications.

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9 – Characteristics of IIoT
Distinguishing it from IoT

• Specific latency requirements.

• Geospatial knowledge.
• Large volumes of data with
various QoS requirements.
• A need for data filtering.
• High availability requirements.
• Security requirements.

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10 – IIoT Communication
§ A typical IIoT application involves many sensors generating data and multiple
applications running in a hierarchy of edge and fog centers processing the data.

§ The system must meet specific requirements for Quality of Service.

§ An Object Management Group (OMG) standard known as the Distributed Data

Service (DDS) defines a mechanism that allows data from sensors to flow
upward through a hierarchy of edge and fog centers to applications using the
data.

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10 – IIoT Communication
– DDS Characteristics
• Completely decentralized

• Suitable for industrial use

• Publish-Subscribe interactions

• Flexible data handling capabilities

• Support for an edge hierarchy

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References
• Comer, D. E. (2021). The Cloud Computing Book: The Future of Computing Explained, Chapman and
Hall/CRC.
• D. Debashis, Mobile Cloud Computing: Architectures, Algorithms and Applications, Taylor and Francis, 2016

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