New Elmar Products

The Elmar Enviro™ Combination Stuffing Box and Line

A.
Wiper is designed for use with wireline grease injection
control heads for wiping excess grease from moving
wire and for packing off on stationary wire. This new
design improves the wiping action and reduces grease
spillage.
The Elmar Q-Guide™ ram, is a new B.
proprietary design (patents pending)
that provides a positive alignment for

General Information
the wireline. V-shaped flat guides on
either side of the inner seal restrict the
wireline so that the section of line contracting the inner
seal is always centered and parallel to the BOP axis.
C.
Elmar Multi-Line Ram Seal has been
designed to seal a range of line sizes
from blind to .312".
The Elmar 80ft lightweight aluminum
lattice section mast is a heliportable mast designed
for use on either offshore or land based wells.
D.
The "Smart" Well Control Module and Remote
Control Unit with central
processing unit and monitor
for Secondary and Tertiary
wireline equipment.
G.

E.
F.

A. Enviro™ Combination Stuffing Box & Line Wiper

B. Q-QUIDE™ Ram Assembly
C. Multi-Line Ram Seal
D. Hydraulic Power Pack
E. "Smart" Well Control Module
F. Remote Unit
G. Wireline Operations Portable Mast

UK pat. 2337545B US pat. 6305471

Europe, Norway, Australia and Singapore patent pending.

Westhill Industrial Estate, Westhill, Aberdeen, AB32 6TQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 (0)1224 740261/748748 Fax: +44 (0)1224 743138 Sales E-mail: sales@elmar.co.uk
Website: http://www.elmar.co.uk
WLHB.book Page 1 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

GENERAL
2
INFORMATION

Unit Conversions ........................................................................... 2

Fractional Decimal Equivalents ................................................... 20
Temperature Conversions ........................................................... 21
Pressure Conversions ................................................................. 22
Formulas & Charts ....................................................................... 24

Copyright© 2004, Varco International

 WLHB.book Page 2 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

UNIT CONVERSIONS

Acceleration

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
centimeters/second/second 0.03281 feet/second/second
centimeters/second/second 0.036 kilometers/hour/second
centimeters/second/second 0.01 meters/second/second
centimeters/second/second 0.02237 miles/hour/second
feet/second/second 30.48 centimeters/second/second
feet/second/second 1.097 kms/hour/second
feet/second/second 0.3048 meters/second/second
feet/second/second 0.6818 miles/hour/second
kilometers/hour/second 27.78 centimeters/hour/second
kilometers/hour/second 0.9113 foot/second/second
kilometers/hour/second 0.2778 meters/second/second
kilometers/hour/second 0.6214 miles/hour/second
meters/second/second 100 centimeters/second/second
meters/second/second 3.281 foot/second/second
meters/second/second 3.6 kilometers/hour/second
meters/second/second 2.237 miles/hour/second
miles/hour/second 44.7 centimeters/second/second
miles/hour/second 1.467 feet/second/second
miles/hour/second 1.609 kilometers/hour/second
miles/hour/second 0.447 meters/second/second
radians/second/second 9.549 revolutions/minute/second
radians/second/second 0.1592 revolutions/second/second
revolutions/minute/minute 1.75E-03 radians/second/second
revolutions/second/second 6.283 radians/second/second

Angular

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
degrees (angle) 0.01745 radians
degrees (angle) 3600 seconds
feet/100 feet 1 percent grade
minutes (angles) 2.91E-04 radians
minutes (angles) 0.01667 degrees
minutes (angles) 60 seconds

2
WLHB.book Page 3 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Angular

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
radians 57.29578 degrees
radians 3438 minutes
seconds (angle) 2.78E-04 degrees
seconds (angle) 0.01666667 minutes

Area

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
acre 0.4047 hectare or square hectometer
acre-feet 43560 cubic feet
acre-feet 325900 gallons
acres 43560 square feet
acres 4047 square meters
acres 0.001562 square miles
acres 4840 square yards
centares (centiares) 1 square meters
hectares 2.471 acres
hectares 107600 square feet
square centimeters 100 square millimeters
square centimeters 1.20E-04 square yards
square centimeters 1.08E-03 square feet
square centimeters 0.155 square inches
square centimeters 0.0001 square meters
square feet 2.30E-05 acres
square feet 929 square centimeters
square feet 144 square inches
square feet 0.0929 square meters
square feet 3.59E-08 square miles
square feet 9.29E+04 square millimeters
square feet 0.1111 square yards
square inches 6.452 square centimeters
square inches 6.94E-03 square feet
square inches 645.2 square millimeters
square inches 1.00E+06 square mils
square inches 7.72E-04 square yards
square kilometers 1.08E+07 square feet
square kilometers 1.00E+06 square meters

3
 WLHB.book Page 4 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Area

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
square kilometers 0.3861 square miles
square kilometers 1.20E+06 square yards
square meters 2.47E-04 acres
square meters 1.00E+04 square centimeters
square meters 10.76 square feet
square meters 1550 square inches
square meters 1.00E+06 square millimeters
square meters 1.196 square yards
square miles 640 acres
square miles 2.79E+07 square feet
square miles 2.59 square kilometers
square miles 2.59E+06 square meters
square miles 3.10E+06 square yards
square millimeters 0.01 square centimeters
square millimeters 1.08E-05 square feet
square millimeters 1.55E-03 square inches
square mils 6.45E-06 square centimeters
square mils 1.00E-06 square inches
square yards 2.07E-04 acres
square yards 8361 square centimeters
square yards 9 square feet
square yards 1296 square inches
square yards 0.8361 square meters

Density

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
grains/imp. gallon 14.286 parts/million
grains/US gallon 17.118 parts/million
grams/cubic centimeter 62.43 pounds/cubic feet
grams/cubic centimeter 0.03613 pounds/cubic inch
grams/liter 58.417 grains/gallon
grams/liter 8.345 pounds/1000 gallon
grams/liter 0.062427 pounds/cubic foot
grams/cubic centimeter 62.43 pounds/cubic foot
grams/cubic centimeter 0.03613 pounds/cubic inch
kilograms/cubic meter 0.001 grams/cubic centimeter

4
WLHB.book Page 5 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Density

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
kilograms/cubic meter 0.06243 pound/cubic foot
kilograms/cubic meter 3.61E-05 pounds/cubic inch
kilograms/cubic meter 3.28E-03 feet of water
kilograms/cubic meter 2.90E-03 inches of mercury
kilograms/cubic meter 0.06242 pounds/cubic foot
kilograms/cubic meter 3.612E-05 pounds/cubic inch
pounds/cubic foot 0.01602 grams/cubic centimeter
pounds/cubic foot 16.02 kilograms/cubic meter
pounds/cubic foot 5.79E-04 pounds/cubic inch
pounds/cubic foot .13368 pounds/gallon
pounds/cubic inch 27.68 gms/cubic centimeter
pounds/cubic inch 2.77E+04 kilograms/cubic meter
pounds/cubic inch 1728 pounds/cubic foot
pounds/cubic inch 231 pounds/gallon
pounds/gallon 7.48052 pounds/cubic foot
pounds/gallon .004329 pounds/cubic inch
parts/million 0.07016 grains/imperial gallon
parts/million 0.0584 grains/U.S. gallon
parts/million 8.345 pounds/million gallon

Electrical

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
coulombs 1.04E-05 faradays
coulombs/square centimeter 64.52 coulombs/square inch
coulombs/square centimeter 10000 coulombs/square meter
coulombs/square inch 0.155 coulombs/square centimeter
coulombs/square inch 1550 coulombs/square meter
coulombs/square meter 0.0001 coulombs/square centimeter
coulombs/square meter 0.0006452 coulombs/square inch
faraday/second 96500 ampere (absolute)
faradays 26.8 ampere-hours
faradays 96490 coulombs
farads 1000000 microfarads
international volt 96540 joules
megohms 1.00E+12 microhms
megohms 1.00E+06 ohms

5
 WLHB.book Page 6 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Electrical

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
microfarad 1.00E-06 farads
microhms 1.00E-06 ohms
ohms 1.00E-06 megohms
ohms 1.00E+06 microhms

Energy / Torque / Power

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
Btu 1.06E+10 ergs
Btu 778.3 foot-lbs
Btu 252 gram-calories
Btu 0.0003931 horsepower-hours
Btu 1054.8 joules
Btu 0.252 kilogram-calories
Btu 107.5 kilogram-meters
Btu 0.0002928 kilowatt-hours
Btu/hour 0.0003929 horsepower-hours
Btu/hour 0.2931 watts
Btu/minute 17.57 watts
calorie 1.56E-06 horsepower-hour
calorie 4.1868 joule
calorie 1.16E-06 kilowatt-hour
ergs 9.48E-11 Btu
ergs 1 dyne-centimeters
ergs 7.37E-08 foot-pounds
ergs 2.39E-08 gram-calories
ergs 0.00102 grams-centimeters
ergs 0.0000001 joules
ergs 2.78E-11 watt-hours
foot-pounds 0.001286 Btu
foot-pounds 1.36E+07 ergs
foot-pounds 0.3238 gram-calories
foot-pounds 5.05E-07 hp-hours
foot-pounds 1.356 joules
foot-pounds 0.000324 kg-calories
foot-pounds 0.1383 kg-meters
foot-pounds 3.77E-07 kilowatt-hours

6
WLHB.book Page 7 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Energy / Torque / Power

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
horsepower 42.44 Btu/minute
horsepower 33000 foot-lbs/minute
horsepower 550 foot-lbs/second
horsepower 10.68 kg-calories/minute
horsepower 0.7457 kilowatts
horsepower 745.7 watts
horsepower-hours 2547 Btu
horsepower-hours 2.68E+13 ergs
horsepower-hours 1980000 foot-lbs
horsepower-hours 2684000 joules
horsepower-hours 641.1 kg-calories
horsepower-hours 273700 kg-meters
horsepower-hours 0.7457 kilowatt-hours
joules 9.48E-04 Btu
joules 10000000 ergs
joules 0.7376 foot-pounds
joules 0.0002389 kg-calories
joules 0.102 kg-meters
joules 0.0002778 watt-hours
kilogram-calories 3.968 Btu
kilogram-calories 3088 foot-pounds
kilogram-calories 4186 joules
kilogram-calories 426.9 kg-meters
kilogram-calories 1.16E-03 kilowatt-hours
kilogram-meters 9.29E-03 Btu
kilogram-meters 9.80E+07 ergs
kilogram-meters 7.233 foot-pounds
kilogram-meters 9.804 joules
kilogram-meters 2.72E-06 kilowatt-hours
kilowatt-hours 3413 Btu
kilowatt-hours 3.60E+13 ergs
kilowatt-hours 2.66E+06 foot-lbs
kilowatt-hours 1.341 horsepower-hours
kilowatt-hours 3.60E+06 joules
kilowatt-hours 860.5 kg-calories
kilowatt-hours 3.67E+05 kg-meters
kilowatt-hours 22.75 lbs of water from 62°-212°F

7
 WLHB.book Page 8 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Energy / Torque / Power

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
kilowatt-hours 3.53 lbs of water evap. at 212°F
kilowatts 56.92 Btu/minute
kilowatts 4.43E+04 foot-lbs/minute
kilowatts 737.6 foot-lbs/second
kilowatts 1.341 horsepower
kilowatts 14.34 kg-calories/minute
kilowatts 1000 watts
meter-kilograms 7.233 pound-feet
pound-feet 13825 centimeter-grams
pound-feet 0.1383 meter-kilograms
pounds/foot 1.488 kilograms/meter
pounds/inch 178.6 gms/centimeter
centigrams 0.01 grams
centimeter-dynes 0.00102 centimeter-grams
centimeter-dynes 7.38E-08 pound-feet
centimeter-grams 980.7 centimeter-dynes
centimeter-grams 0.07233 pound-feet
watt-hours 3.413 Btu
watt-hours 2656 foot-pounds
watt-hours 1.34E-03 horsepower-hours
watt-hours 0.8605 kilogram-calories
watt-hours 367.2 kilogram-meters
watt-hours 0.001 kilowatt-hours
watts 3.4129 Btu/hour
watts 0.05688 Btu/minute
watts 107 erg/second
watts 44.27 foot-lbs/minute
watts 0.7378 foot-lbs/second
watts 1.34E-03 horsepower
watts 0.001 kilowatts
watts (absolute) 1 joules/second

Flow Rate

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
cubic feet/minute 472 cubic centimeters/second
cubic feet/minute 0.1247 gallons/second

8
WLHB.book Page 9 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Flow Rate

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
cubic feet/minute 0.472 liters/second
cubic feet/minute 62.43 pounds of water/minute
cubic fee/minute .028317 cubic meters/minute
cubic feet/second 448.831 gallons/minute
cubic feet/second 0.646317 million gallons/day
cubic meters/minute 35.314 Cubic feet/minute
gallons/minute 8.0208 cubic feet/hour
gallons/minute 0.002228 cubic foot/second
gallons/minute 0.6308 liters/second
liters/minute 5.89E-04 cubic foot/second
liters/minute 4.40E-03 gals/second
million gals/day 1.54723 cubic foot/second
pounds of water/minute 2.67E-04 cubic foot/second

Force / Mass / Weight

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
decigrams 0.1 grams
dekagrams 10 grams
dynes 0.00102 grams
dynes 0.0000001 joules/centimeter
dynes 0.00001 joules/meter (newtons)
dynes 1.02E-06 kilograms
dynes 2.25E-06 pounds
grains (troy) 0.0648 grams
grains (troy) 0.0020833 ounces (avoirdupois)
grams 980.7 dynes
grams 15.43 grains
grams 9.81E-03 joules/meter (newtons)
grams 0.001 kilograms
grams 1000 milligrams
grams 0.032150747 ounces (troy)
grams 0.035273962 ounces(avoirdupois)
grams 0.002204623 pounds
grams/centimeter 0.0056 pounds/inch
kilograms 980665 dynes
kilograms 1000 grams

9
 WLHB.book Page 10 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Force / Mass / Weight

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
kilograms 0.09807 joules/centimeter
kilograms 9.807 joules/meter (newtons)
kilograms 2.205 pounds
kilograms 9.802 newtons
kilograms 9.84E-04 tons (long)
kilograms 1.10E-03 tons (short)
kilograms/meter 0.672 pounds/foot
kilograms/square centimeter 980665 dynes
micrograms 1.00E-06 grams
milligrams 0.01543236 grains
milligrams 0.001 grams
newton 1.00E+05 dynes
newton .2248 pound
newton 0.1020 kilograms
newton 102.0 grams
ounces 16 drams
ounces 437.5 grains
ounces 0.9115 ounces (troy)
ounces 0.0625 pounds
ounces 2.79E-05 tons (long)
ounces 2.84E-05 tons (metric)
pounds 4.448 newtons
pounds 4.45E+05 dynes
pounds 7000 grains
pounds 453.5924 grams
pounds 4.448 joules/meter (newtons)
pounds 0.4536 kilograms
pounds 16 ounces
pounds 14.5833 ounces (troy)
pounds 1.21528 pounds (troy)
pounds 0.07142857 stones (British)
pounds 0.0005 tons (short)
stone (British) 14 pound (avoirdupois)
tons (long) 1016 kilograms
tons (long) 2240 pounds
tons (long) 1.12 tons (short)
tons (metric) 1000 kilograms

10
WLHB.book Page 11 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Force / Mass / Weight

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
tons (metric) 907.1848 kilograms
tons (metric) 2205 pounds
tons (short) 32000 ounces
tons (short) 2000 pounds
tons (short) 0.89287 tons (long)
tons (short) 0.9078 tons (metric)

Length

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
centimeters 0.03281 feet
centimeters 0.3937 inches
centimeters 0.00001 kilometers
centimeters 0.01 meters
centimeters 6.21E-06 miles
centimeters 10 millimeters
centimeters 393.7 mils
centimeters 0.01094 yards
circumference 6.283 radians
decimeters 0.1 meters
dekameters 10 meters
fathoms 1.828804 meter
fathoms 6 feet
feet 30.48 centimeters
feet 0.0003048 kilometers
feet 0.3048 meters
feet 0.0001645 miles (naut.)
feet 0.0001894 miles (stat.)
feet 304.8 millimeters
feet 12000 mils
hand 10.16 centimeter
hectometers 100 meters
inches 2.54 centimeters
inches 0.08333333 feet
inches 0.0254 meters
inches 25.4 millimeters
inches 1000 mils

11
 WLHB.book Page 12 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Length

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
inches 0.027777778 yards
kilometers 1.00E+05 centimeters
kilometers 3280.84 feet
kilometers 3.94E+04 inches
kilometers 1.06E-13 light year
kilometers 1000 meters
kilometers 0.6214 miles
kilometers 1.00E+06 millimeters
kilometers 1094 yards
light-year 5.90E+12 miles
light-year 9.46E+12 kilometers
meters 100 centimeters
meters 3.281 feet
meters 39.37 inches
meters 0.001 kilometers
meters 5.40E-04 miles (nautical)
meters 6.21E-04 miles (statute)
meters 1000 millimeters
meters 1.094 yards
microns 1.00E-06 meters
miles (nautical) 6080.27 feet
miles (nautical) 1.853 kilometers
miles (nautical) 1853 meters
miles (nautical) 1.1516 miles (statute)
miles (nautical) 2027 yards
miles (statute) 5280 feet
miles (statute) 6.34E+04 inches
miles (statute) 1.609 kilometers
miles (statute) 1609 meters
miles (statute) 0.8684 miles (nautical)
miles (statute) 1760 yards
millimeters 0.1 centimeters
millimeters 3.28E-03 feet
millimeters 0.03937 inches
millimeters 1.00E-06 kilometers
millimeters 0.001 meters
millimeters 6.21E-07 miles

12
WLHB.book Page 13 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Length

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
millimeters 39.37 mils
millimeters 1.09E-03 yards
mils 2.54E-03 centimeters
mils 8.33E-05 feet
mils 0.001 inches
yards 91.44 centimeters
yards 0.5 fathom
yards 3 foot
yards 36 inches
yards 9.14E-04 kilometers
yards 0.9144 meters
yards 4.93E-04 miles (nautical)
yards 5.68E-04 miles (statute)
yards 914.4 millimeters

Pressure

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
atmospheres 76 centimeters of mercury
atmospheres 33.9 foot. of water (at 4°C)
atmospheres 29.92 inches of mercury (at 0°C)
atmospheres 1.0333 kilograms/square centimeter
atmospheres 1.013 bar
atmospheres 14.7 pounds/square inch
atmospheres 1.058 tons/square foot
bars 0.9869 atmospheres
bars 1,000,000 dynes/square centimeter
bars 1.0200 kilograms/square centimeter
bars 2089 pounds/square foot
bars 14.5 pounds/square inch
centimeters of mercury 0.01316 atmospheres
centimeters of mercury 0.4461 feet of water
centimeters of mercury 27.85 pounds/square foot
centimeters of mercury 0.1934 pounds/square inch
dyne/square centimeter 2.95E-05 inches of mercury at 0°C
dyne/square centimeter 0.0004015 inches of water at 4°C
feet of water 0.0295 atmospheres

13
 WLHB.book Page 14 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Pressure

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
feet of water 0.8826 inches of mercury
feet of water 0.03048 kilograms/square centimeter
feet of water 62.43 pounds/square foot
feet of water 0.4335 pounds/square inch
inches of mercury 0.03342 atmospheres
inches of mercury 1.133 feet of water
inches of mercury 0.03453 kilograms/square centimeter
inches of mercury 0.4912 pounds/square inch
inches of water (at 4øC) 0.002458 atmospheres
inches of water (at 4øC) 0.07355 inches of mercury
inches of water (at 4øC) 0.00254 kilograms/square centimeter
inches of water (at 4øC) 0.5781 ounces/square inch
inches of water (at 4øC) 5.204 pounds/square foot
inches of water (at 4øC) 0.03613 pounds/square inch
kilograms/square centimeter 0.9678 atmospheres
kilograms/square centimeter 32.81 feet of water
kilograms/square centimeter 28.96 inches of mercury
kilograms/square centimeter 2,048 pounds/square foot
kilograms/square centimeter 14.22 pounds/square inch
kilopascals 1,000 pascals
kilopascals 0.1450 pounds/square inch
kilopascals 100 bars
kilopascals 101.3 atmosphere
megapascals 145.0 pounds/square inch
newton/square meter 1.0 pascals
ounces/square inch 0.0625 pounds/square inch
pascals 1.0 newton/square meter
pascals 101,325 atmosphere
pounds/square foot 0.01602 feet of water
pounds/square foot 4.882 kilograms/square meter
pounds/square foot 6.94E-03 pounds/square inch
pounds/square inch 0.06804 atmospheres
pounds/square inch 2.307 feet of water
pounds/square inch 2.036 inches of mercury
pounds/square inch 144 pounds/square foot
pounds/square inch 6.895 kilopascals
pounds/square inch 6,895 megapascals

14
WLHB.book Page 15 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Pressure

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
tons (short)/square foot 2000 pounds/square inch
tons of water/24 hours 83.333 pounds of water/hour
tons of water/24 hours 0.16643 gallons/minute
tons of water/24 hours 1.3349 cubic foot/hour

Rotation

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
degrees/second 0.01745 radians/second
degrees/second 0.1667 revolutions/minute
degrees/second 0.002778 revolutions/second
radians/second 57.29578 degrees/second
radians/second 9.549 revolutions/minute
radians/second 0.1592 revolutions/second
revolutions 360 degrees
revolutions 4 quadrants
revolutions 6.283 radians
revolutions/minute 6 degrees/second
revolutions/minute 0.1047 radians/second
revolutions/minute 0.01667 revolutions/second
revolutions/second 360 degrees/second
revolutions/second 6.283 radians/second
revolutions/second 60 revolutions/minute

Time

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
days 86400 seconds
hours (mean solar) 0.04166667 days
hours (mean solar) 0.005952381 weeks
week 7 day
week 168 hour
week 10080 minute (time)
week 0.2299795 month
week 6.05E+05 second
year (mean of 4 year period) 365.25 day
year (mean of 4 year period) 8766 hour

15
 WLHB.book Page 16 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Time

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
year (mean of 4 year period) 5.26E+05 minute (time)
year (mean of 4 year period) 3.16E+07 second (time)
year (mean of 4 year period) 52.17857 week

Velocity

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
centimeters/second 1.1969 feet/minute
centimeters/second 0.03281 feet/second
centimeters/second 0.036 kilometers/hour
centimeters/second 0.1943 knots
centimeters/second 0.6 meters/minute
centimeters/second 0.02237 miles/hour
feet/minute 0.508 centimeters/second
feet/minute 0.01667 feet/second
feet/minute 0.01829 kms/hour
feet/minute 0.3048 meters/minute
feet/minute 0.01136 miles/hour
feet/second 30.48 centimeters/second
feet/second 1.097 kms/hour
feet/second 0.5921 knots
feet/second 18.29 meters/minute
feet/second 0.6818 miles/hour
kilometers/hour 27.78 centimeters/second
kilometers/hour 54.68 feet/minute
kilometers/hour 0.9113 feet/second
kilometers/hour 0.5396 knots
kilometers/hour 16.67 meters/minute
kilometers/hour 0.6214 miles/hour
knots 6080 feet/hour
knots 1.8532 kilometers/hour
knots 1 nautical miles/hour
knots 1.151 statute miles/hour
knots 2027 yards/hour
knots 1.689 feet/second
meters/minute 1.667 centimeters/second
meters/minute 3.281 feet/minute

16
WLHB.book Page 17 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Velocity

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
meters/minute 0.05468 feet/second
meters/minute 0.06 kms/hour
meters/minute 0.03238 knots
meters/minute 0.03728 miles/hour
meters/second 196.8 feet/minute
meters/second 3.281 feet/second
meters/second 3.6 kilometers/hour
meters/second 2.237 miles/hour
miles/hour 44.7 centimeters/second
miles/hour 88 feet/minute
miles/hour 1.467 feet/second
miles/hour 1.609 kms/hour
miles/hour 0.8684 knots
miles/hour 26.82 meters/minute

Volume

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
barrels (oil) 42 gallons (oil)
barrels (US dry) 7056 cubic inches
barrels (US, liquid) 31.5 gallons
centiliter 0.3382 ounce fluid (US)
centiliter 0.6103 cubic inch
centiliter 2.705 drams
centiliters 0.01 liters
cubic centimeter 3.53E-05 cubic foot
cubic centimeter 0.06102374 cubic inch
cubic centimeter 0.000001 cubic meter
cubic centimeter 1000 cubic millimeter
cubic centimeter 2.20E-04 gallon (Brit liquid)
cubic centimeter 2.64E-04 gallon (US liquid)
cubic centimeter 0.001 liter
cubic centimeter 0.002113 pint (US liquid)
cubic feet 28320 cubic centimeters
cubic feet 1728 cubic inches
cubic feet 0.02832 cubic meters
cubic feet 0.037037037 cubic yards

17
 WLHB.book Page 18 Tuesday, April 13, 2004 11:03 AM

General Information
Unit Conversions

Volume

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
cubic feet 7.48052 gallons (US liquid)
cubic feet 28.32 liters
cubic feet 59.84 pints (US liquid)
cubic feet 29.92 quarts (US liquid)
cubic inches 16.39 cubic centimeters
cubic inches 0.0005787 cubic feet
cubic inches 1.64E-05 cubic meters
cubic inches 0.004329 gallons
cubic inches 0.03463 pints (US liquid)
cubic inches 0.01732 quarts (US liquid)
cubic meters 1000000 cubic centimeters
cubic meters 35.31 cubic feet
cubic meters 61023 cubic inches
cubic meters 1.307951 cubic yards
cubic meters 264.2 gallons (US liquid)
cubic meters 1000 liters
cubic meters 2113 pints (US liquid)
cubic meters 1057 quarts (US liquid)
cubic yards 764600 cubic centimeters
cubic yards 27 cubic feet
cubic yards 46656 cubic inches
cubic yards 0.7646 cubic meters
cubic yards 202 gallons (US liquid)
cubic yards 764.6 liters
cubic yards 1615.9 pints (US liquid)
cubic yards 807.9 quarts (US liquid)
deciliters 0.1 liters
dekaliters 10 liters
drams(US fluid or apoth.) 3.6967 cubic centimeter
gallons 3785.412 cubic centimeters
gallons 0.1337 cubic feet
gallons 231 cubic inches
gallons 0.003785 cubic meters
gallons 0.004951 cubic yards
gallons 3.785 liters
gallons (liquid British imp.) 1.20095 gallons (US liquid)
gallons (US) 0.83267 gallons (imperial)

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General Information
Unit Conversions

Volume

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
gallons of water 8.3453 pounds of water
hectoliters 100 liters
kiloliters 1000 liters
liters 1000 cubic centimeter
liters 0.03531 cubic feet
liters 61.02 cubic inches
liters 0.001 cubic meters
liters 1.31E-03 cubic yards
liters 0.2642 gallons (U.S. liquid)
liters 2.113 pints (U.S. liquid)
liters 1.057 quarts (U.S. liquid)
microliters 1.00E-06 liters
milliliters 0.001 liters
ounces (fluid) 1.805 cubic inches
ounces (fluid) 0.02957 liters
pints (Brit.) 568.26125 cubic centimeters
pints (Brit.) 34.67743 cubic inches
pints (Brit.) 0.125 gallons (Brit.)
pints (Brit.) 4 gills (Brit.)
pints (Brit.) 0.56826125 liters
pints (Brit.) 20 ounces (Brit. fluid)
pints (Brit.) 1.20095 pints (US liquid)
pints (US liquid) 473.1765 cubic centimeter
pints (US liquid) 28.875 cubic inches
pints (US liquid) 0.5 quarts (liquid)
pounds of water 0.01602 cubic feet
pounds of water 27.68 cubic inches
pounds of water 0.1198 gallons

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General Information
Fractional Decimal Equivalents

FRACTIONAL DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS

Fraction Decimal Fraction Decimal

mm mm
inch Equivalent inch Equivalent
1/64 0.015625 0.397 33/64 0.515625 13.097
1/32 0.031250 0.794 17/32 0.531250 13.494
3/64 0.046875 1.191 35/64 0.546875 13.891
1/16 0.062500 1.588 9/16 0.562500 14.288
5/64 0.078125 1.984 37/64 0.578125 14.684
3/32 0.093750 2.381 19/32 0.593750 15.081
7/64 0.109375 2.778 39/64 0.609375 15.478
1/8 0.125000 3.175 5/8 0.625000 15.875
9/64 0.140625 3.572 41/64 0.640625 16.272
5/32 0.156250 3.969 21/32 0.656250 16.669
11/64 0.171875 4.366 43/64 0.671875 17.066
3/16 0.187500 4.763 11/16 0.687500 17.463
13/64 0.203125 5.159 45/64 0.703125 17.859
7/32 0.218750 5.556 23/32 0.718750 18.256
15/64 0.234375 5.953 47/64 0.734375 18.653
1/4 0.250000 6.350 3/4 0.750000 19.050
17/64 0.265625 6.747 49/64 0.765625 19.447
9/32 0.281250 7.144 25/32 0.781250 19.844
19/64 0.296875 7.541 51/64 0.796875 20.241
5/16 0.312500 7.938 13/16 0.812500 20.638
21/64 0.328125 8.334 53/64 0.828125 21.034
11/32 0.343750 8.731 27/32 0.843750 21.431
23/64 0.359375 9.128 55/64 0.859375 21.828
3/8 0.375000 9.525 7/8 0.875000 22.225
25/64 0.390625 9.922 57/64 0.890625 22.622
13/32 0.406250 10.319 29/32 0.906250 23.019
27/64 0.421875 10.716 59/64 0.921875 23.416
7/16 0.437500 11.113 15/16 0.937500 23.813
29/64 0.453125 11.509 61/64 0.953125 24.209
15/32 0.468750 11.906 31/32 0.968750 24.606
31/64 0.484375 12.303 63/64 0.984375 25.003
1/2 0.500000 12.700 1 1.000000 25.400

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General Information
Temperature Conversions

TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS

F° Input C° F° Input C° F° Input C°

-94 -70 56.7 104 40 4.4 275 135 57.2
-85 -65 -53.9 107.6 42 5.6 284 140 60.0
-76 -60 -51.1 111.2 44 6.7 293 145 62.8
-67 -55 -48.3 114.8 46 7.8 302 150 65.6
-58 -50 -45.6 118.4 48 8.9 311 155 68.3
-49 -45 -42.8 122 50 10.0 320 160 71.1
-40 -40 -40 125.6 52 11.1 329 165 73.9
-31 -35 -37.2 129.2 54 12.2 338 170 77
-22 -30 -34.4 132.8 56 13.3 356 180 82
-13 -25 -31.7 136.4 58 14.4 374 190 88
-4 -20 -28.9 140 60 15.6 392 200 93
5 -15 -26.1 143.6 62 16.7 410 210 99
14 -10 -23.3 147.2 64 17.8 428 220 104
23 -5 -20.6 150.8 66 18.9 446 230 110
32 0 -17.8 154.4 68 20.0 464 240 116
41 5 -15.0 158 70 21.1 482 250 121
50 10 -12.2 161.6 72 22.2 500 260 127
54 12 -11.1 165.2 74 23.3 518 270 132
57 14 -10.0 168.8 76 24.4 536 280 138
61 16 -8.9 172.4 78 25.6 554 290 143
64 18 -7.8 176 80 26.7 572 300 149
68 20 -6.7 185 85 29.4 590 310 154
72 22 -5.6 194 90 32.2 608 320 160
75 24 -4.4 203 95 35.0 626 330 166
79 26 -3.3 212 100 37.8 644 340 171
82 28 -2.2 221 105 40.6 662 350 177
86 30 -1.1 230 110 43.3 680 360 182
90 32 0.0 239 115 46.1 698 370 188
93 34 1.1 248 120 48.9 716 380 193
97 36 2.2 257 125 51.7 734 390 199
100 38 3.3 266 130 54.4 752 400 204

Temperature conversion formulas:

Temp°F = 9/5 x Temp°C + 32
Temp°C = 5/9 x (Temp°F - 32)

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General Information
Pressure Conversions

PRESSURE CONVERSIONS

Pressure Conversions: PSI - kPa

Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
per Kilo per Kilo per Kilo per Kilo
square Pascal square Pascal square Pascal square Pascal
inch inch inch inch
psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa
100 689 2,700 18,616 5,400 37,232 11,500 79,290
200 1,379 2,800 19,305 5,600 38,611 12,000 82,737
300 2,068 2,900 19,995 5,800 39,990 12,500 86,184
400 2,758 3,000 20,684 6,000 41,369 13,000 89,632
500 3,447 3,100 21,374 6,200 42,747 13,500 93,079
600 4,137 3,200 22,063 6,400 44,126 14,000 96,527
700 4,826 3,300 22,753 6,600 45,505 14,500 99,974
800 5,516 3,400 23,442 6,800 46,884 15,000 103,421
900 6,205 3,500 24,132 7,000 48,263 15,500 106,869
1,000 6,895 3,600 24,821 7,200 49,642 16,000 110,316
1,100 7,584 3,700 25,511 7,400 51,021 16,500 113,763
1,200 8,274 3,800 26,200 7,600 52,400 17,000 117,211
1,300 8,963 3,900 26,890 7,800 53,779 17,500 120,658
1,400 9,653 4,000 27,579 8,000 55,158 18,000 124,106
1,500 10,342 4,100 28,268 8,200 56,537 18,500 127,553
1,600 11,032 4,200 28,958 8,400 57,916 19,000 131,000
1,700 11,721 4,300 29,647 8,600 59,295 19,500 134,448
1,800 12,411 4,400 30,337 8,800 60,674 20,000 137,895
1,900 13,100 4,500 31,026 9,000 62,053 20,500 141,342
2,000 13,790 4,600 31,716 9,200 63,432 21,000 144,790
2,100 14,479 4,700 32,405 9,400 64,811 21,500 148,237
2,200 15,168 4,800 33,095 9,600 66,190 22,000 151,685
2,300 15,858 4,900 33,784 9,800 67,569 22,500 155,132
2,400 16,547 5,000 34,474 10,000 68,948 23,000 158,579
2,500 17,237 5,200 35,853 10,500 72,395 23,500 162,027
2,600 17,926 5,400 37,232 11,000 75,842 24,000 165,474

Pressure conversion formula: P(kPa) = 6.894745 x P(psi)

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General Information
Pressure Conversions

Pressure Conversions: kPa - PSI

Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds
Kilo per Kilo per Kilo per Kilo per
Pascal square Pascal square Pascal square Pascal square
inch inch inch inch
kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi
500 73 13,500 1,958 39,000 5,656 65,000 9,427
1,000 145 14,000 2,031 40,000 5,802 66,000 9,573
1,500 218 15,000 2,176 41,000 5,947 67,000 9,718
2,000 290 16,000 2,321 42,000 6,092 68,000 9,863
2,500 363 17,000 2,466 43,000 6,237 69,000 10,008
3,000 435 18,000 2,611 44,000 6,382 70,000 10,153
3,500 508 19,000 2,756 45,000 6,527 72,000 10,443
4,000 580 20,000 2,901 46,000 6,672 74,000 10,733
4,500 653 21,000 3,046 47,000 6,817 76,000 11,023
5,000 725 22,000 3,191 48,000 6,962 78,000 11,313
5,500 798 23,000 3,336 49,000 7,107 80,000 11,603
6,000 870 24,000 3,481 50,000 7,252 82,000 11,893
6,500 943 25,000 3,626 51,000 7,397 84,000 12,183
7,000 1,015 26,000 3,771 52,000 7,542 86,000 12,473
7,500 1,088 27,000 3,916 53,000 7,687 88,000 12,763
8,000 1,160 28,000 4,061 54,000 7,832 90,000 13,053
8,500 1,233 29,000 4,206 55,000 7,977 92,000 13,343
9,000 1,305 30,000 4,351 56,000 8,122 94,000 13,634
9,500 1,378 31,000 4,496 57,000 8,267 96,000 13,924
10,000 1,450 32,000 4,641 58,000 8,412 98,000 14,214
10,500 1,523 33,000 4,786 59,000 8,557 100,000 14,504
11,000 1,595 34,000 4,931 60,000 8,702 105,000 15,229
11,500 1,668 35,000 5,076 61,000 8,847 110,000 15,954
12,000 1,740 36,000 5,221 62,000 8,992 115,000 16,679
12,500 1,813 37,000 5,366 63,000 9,137 120,000 17,405
13,000 1,885 38,000 5,511 64,000 9,282 125,000 18,130

Pressure conversion formula: P(psi) = 0.145038 x P(kPa)

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General Information
Formulas & Charts

FORMULAS & CHARTS

Volume Capacity of Pipe

Gallons per 1000’ = 40.8 x (ID in inches)2
Barrels per 1000’ = 0.9714 x (ID in inches)2
Cubic feet per 1000’ = 5.454 x (ID in inches)2
Gallons per mile = 215.4240 x (ID in inches)2
Barrels per mile = 5.1291 x (ID in inches)2
Cubic Meters per 100 meters = 0.00007854 x (ID in mm)2
Liters per 100 meters = 0.07854 X (ID in mm)2
Cubic Meters per 100 meters = 0.050671 X (ID in inches)2
Liters per 100 meters = 50.671 X (ID in inches)2

Approximate Volume of Hose

1/ ” hose = 0.00034 cubic feet per foot length
4
or 6.350 mm = 0.0317 liters per meter
1/ ” hose = 0.00136 cubic feet per foot length
2
or 12.7 mm = 0.1267 liters per meter
3/ ” hose = 0.00306 cubic feet per foot
4
or 19.05 mm = 0.285 liters per meter
1” hose = 0.00545 cubic feet per foot
or 25.4 mm = 0.506 liters per meter

Approximate Volume of Typical WHE Strings

3” ID (per 10 ft length) = 13.9 Liters or 3.7 Gallons
4-1/16” ID (per 10 ft length) = 25.5 Liters or 6.7 Gallons
5-1/8” ID (per 10 ft length) = 40.6 Liters or 10.7 Gallons

Velocity
Feet per minute = 1029.42 (Bbls per minute) / (ID in inches)2
or Meter per minute = 1273240 (m3 per minute) / (ID in mm)2
Feet per second = (0.4085) Gallons per minute / (ID in inches)2
or Meters per second = 76394400 (m3 per minute) / (ID in mm)2

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General Information
Formulas & Charts

Hydraulics
Horsepower = work per time = (force x distance) / time
Heat (BTU / hr) = pressure (psi across relief) x flow rate (gpm dis-
charge) x 1.4848
Work (foot-pounds) = force (lbs) x distance (ft)
Power = pressure x flow or 1 HP = psi x gpm / 1713.6
Hydraulic HP = 0.000584 (Gallons per minute) x (Pressure, psi)
Hydraulic HP = 0.02448 (Barrels per minute) x (Pressure, psi)
Hydraulic HP = (Barrels per minute) x (Pressure, psi) / 40.8
Hydraulic HP = (Brake HP) x (Efficiency of power train to pump) x
(Pump Efficiency)

Volumes
Bbl/ft in round tank = (Diameter, in feet)2 / 7.14
Bbl/in in round tank = (Diameter, in feet)2 / 85.8
Bbl/in in square tank = 0.0148 (Length, ft) x Width, ft)
Cubic feet per inch in square tank = 0.0833 (Length, ft) x (Width, ft)
m3 per M in round tank = 0.7854 (Diameter, in meters)2
m3 per centimeter in round tank = 0.007854 (Diameter, in meters)2
m3 per centimeter in square tank = Length (m) x Width (m) x 0.01

Specific Gravity
Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a fluid to the density of
pure water. To convert specific gravity to API:
S.G. = 141.5 / (API° + 131.5)
API° = 131.5 + 141.5 / S.G.

Approximate Hydrostatic Head

Hydrostatic Head = Gradient x True Vertical Depth
Head (psi) = 0.052 wt (lbs) ÷ Gal x Depth (ft)
Head (KPa) = wt (kg)³ Liter x Depth (m) x 9.81

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General Information
Formulas & Charts

Gradient
To convert specific gravity to gradient:

Gradient (psi/ft) = S.G. x 0.433

Gradient (KPa/m) = S.G. / 9.81
Kg/cm3/m x 0.231 = psi/ft
ft of water x 0.0295 = atm
ft of water x 0.433 = psi
psi/ft x 4.33 = Kg/cm2/m

Pure Water Constants

US Units Metric
Density 62.4 lbs/cuft or 8.33 lbs/gal 1 g/cc or 1 Kg/liter or 1000 kg/m3
Gradient 0.433 psi/ft 0.1 Kg/cm2/m
API Gravity 10

Fluid Weight, Pressure & Buoyancy

Weight Fluid Buoyancy

Specific (Density) Head Factor
Degrees API
Gravity Pressure/ft Height/lb Totally
lbs/gal lbs/ft3 lbs/bbl
(PSI) (ft) Immersed
60 0.739 6.17 46.1 259 0.320 3.12 0.906
55 0.759 6.34 47.4 266 0.329 3.04 0.903
50 0.780 6.51 48.7 273 0.338 2.96 0.901
45 0.802 6.69 50.1 281 0.348 2.88 0.898
40 0.825 6.89 51.5 289 0.358 2.80 0.895
35 0.850 7.10 53.1 298 0.368 2.71 0.892
30 0.876 7.31 54.7 307 0.380 2.63 0.889
25 0.904 7.55 56.4 317 0.392 2.55 0.885
20 0.934 7.80 58.3 327 0.405 2.47 0.881
15 0.966 8.06 60.3 339 0.419 2.39 0.877
10º API or 1.000 8.35 62.4 351 0.434 2.31 0.873
Pure Water 1.006 8.4 62.8 353 0.436 2.29 0.872
1.030 8.6 64.3 361 0.447 2.24 0.869
1.054 8.8 65.8 370 0.457 2.19 0.866
1.078 9.0 67.3 378 0.467 2.14 0.863
1.102 9.2 68.8 386 0.478 2.09 0.860
1.126 9.4 70.3 395 0.488 2.05 0.857

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General Information
Formulas & Charts

Weight Fluid Buoyancy

Specific (Density) Head Factor
Degrees API
Gravity Pressure/ft Height/lb Totally
lbs/gal lbs/ft3 lbs/bbl
(PSI) (ft) Immersed
1.150 9.6 71.8 403 0.499 2.01 0.854
Salt Water 1.153 9.63 72.0 404 0.500 2.00 0.853
1.174 9.8 73.3 412 0.509 1.96 0.851
1.198 10.0 74.8 420 0.519 1.93 0.848
1.222 10.2 76.3 428 0.530 1.89 0.845
1.246 10.4 77.8 437 0.540 1.85 0.841
1.270 10.6 79.3 445 0.551 1.82 0.838
1.294 10.8 80.8 454 0.561 1.78 0.835
1.318 11.0 82.3 462 0.571 1.75 0.832
1.342 11.2 83.8 470 0.582 1.72 0.829
1.366 11.4 85.3 479 0.592 1.69 0.826
1.390 11.6 86.7 487 0.602 1.66 0.823
1.414 11.8 88.2 496 0.613 1.63 0.820
1.438 12.0 89.7 504 0.623 1.60 0.817
1.462 12.2 91.2 512 0.634 1.58 0.814
1.486 12.4 92.7 521 0.644 1.55 0.811
1.509 12.6 94.2 529 0.654 1.53 0.808
1.533 12.8 95.7 538 0.665 1.50 0.805
1.557 13.0 97.2 546 0.675 1.48 0.802
1.581 13.2 98.7 554 0.686 1.46 0.799
1.605 13.4 100.2 563 0.696 1.44 0.796
1.629 13.6 101.7 571 0.706 1.42 0.793
1.653 13.8 103.2 580 0.717 1.40 0.790
1.677 14.0 104.7 588 0.727 1.38 0.787
1.701 14.2 106.2 596 0.738 1.36 0.784
1.725 14.4 107.7 605 0.748 1.34 0.781
1.749 14.6 109.2 613 0.758 1.32 0.777
1.773 14.8 110.7 622 0.769 1.30 0.774
1.797 15.0 112.2 630 0.779 1.28 0.771
1.821 15.2 113.7 638 0.789 1.27 0.768
1.845 15.4 115.2 647 0.800 1.25 0.765
1.869 15.6 116.7 655 0.810 1.23 0.762
1.893 15.8 118.2 664 0.821 1.22 0.759
1.917 16.0 119.7 672 0.831 1.20 0.756
1.941 16.2 121.1 680 0.841 1.19 0.753
1.965 16.4 122.6 689 0.852 1.17 0.750
1.989 16.6 124.1 697 0.862 1.16 0.747
2.013 16.8 125.6 706 0.873 1.15 0.744
2.037 17.0 127.1 714 0.883 1.13 0.741

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General Information
Formulas & Charts

Sling Angle & Load Capacity

The load carrying capacity of a wire rope sling, chain sling or cable
decreases if the load is not in line with the sling.

The following table shows the de-rating factor (P) to apply to the rated
capacity of a sling for an angle ∅ from the horizontal.

Angle ∅ Factor P
5 0.087
10 0.174
15 0.259
20 0.342
25 0.423
30 0.500
35 0.574
40 0.643
45 0.707
50 0.766
55 0.819
60 0.866
65 0.906
70 0.940
75 0.966
80 0.985
85 0.996
90 1.000

Example: For a sling at 60º from the horizontal, the load capacity is 0.866
x Rated Load Capacity of the sling.

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