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EPR 581 m1 28 Oct 2019 Model Answer

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36 views4 pages

EPR 581 m1 28 Oct 2019 Model Answer

Uploaded by

hossam.talaat.1954
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 4

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Electrical Engineering Department

Course Name: Protection& Switchgear in EPE Exam: Mid I


Course Code: EPR 581 Date: 28/10/2019
Instructor: Prof. Hossam Eldin Talaat Time Allowed: 90 Min.
Semester: Fall 2019 Max. Marks: 30

Model Answer
Question#1 (10 Marks)
The secondary winding of a 3000:5 A CT, whose excitation curve is given by Fig-1, is to be connected to an
overcurrent relay. The secondary resistance of the CT is 1.8  and the impedance of the relay coil is 8 .
a) Calculate the CT percentage error for the following case studies:
i) The secondary current is 50 A.
ii) The secondary current is 100 A.
b) What is the accuracy class of this CT:
100VA-5P10, 200VA-5P10, 200VA-5P20 or 200VA-10P20? Justify your selection.

Fig-1 CT under study


Solution
a) E1 = (8 + 1.8) * 50 = 490 V E2 = (8 + 1.8) * 100 = 980 V
Ie1 = 0.09 A (from curve) Ie2 = 90 A (from curve)
i- CTerror1 = 0.09/(50+0.09) = 0.0018 = 0.18 % < 5% {3}
ii- CTerror2 = 90/(90+100) = 0.474 = 47.4 % > 10% {3}
b) SB = I2 * ZB = 25 * 8 = 200 VA. (for the two case studies)
Accuracy class is 200VA-5P10 (from case i : I1 =10 In, CTerror1 < 5%) {4}

Page 1 of 4
Question#2 (12 Marks)
The radial distribution system of Fig-2 is protected using overcurrent relays. Each of the protection units B1
and B2 is equipped with three phase relays and a ground relay. The ground relay is DEFINITE time while the
phase relays have IDMT very inverse characteristic:
t= TMS * 13.5 /(Ir - 1)

1 2 3

B1 B2

~
F2

F1 L1

Protection Phase Relays (IDMT) Ground Relay (Definite)


Unit CT ratio I> (A) TMS I> (A) Delay
B1 500:1 A 1.5 0.2 1.0 0.6
B2 200:1 A 1.0 0.1 0.5 0.3

Fig-2 Radial Distribution System


a) Check the response of the 2 protection units (B1 and B2); for the following case studies:
i- L1: an emergency loading of 250 A at bus#3.
ii- F1: a three-phase fault at bus#2, |Ia|=|Ib|=|Ic|=4000A.
iii- F2: an AG fault on line 2-3, |Ia|=3600A.
For each case study, determine the responses of B1 and B2: BLOCK, ALARM, or TRIP and what is the
delay time.
b) Based on the results obtained in (a), comment on the performance of this protection system in view of
functional requirements. Assume a coordination margin of 0.3 s.
c) Suggest proper modifications in the relays’ settings to improve the performance.
Solution
a) Protection units’ responses
i- L1: an emergency loading of 250 A at bus#3 {4}
Protection Phase Relays Ground Relay
CT I’(A) I>
Unit Ir Response I> Response
B1 500:1 0.5 1.5 <1 Block 1.0 Block
B2 200:1 1.25 1.0 1.25 TRIP, t=13.5*0.1/0.25= 5.4s 0.5 Block

B2 Trips after 5.4 s, B1 blocks.


ii- F1: a three-phase fault at bus#2, |Ia|=|Ib|=|Ic|=4000A {4}
Protection Phase Relays Ground Relay
CT I’(A)
Unit I> Ir Response I> Response
B1 500:1 8 1.5 5.33 TRIP, t=13.5*0.2/4.33= 0.62s 1.0 Block
B2 200:1 0 1.0 0 Block 0.5 Block

B1 Trips after 0.62 s, B1 blocks.

Page 2 of 4
iii- F2: an AG fault on line 2-3, |Ia|=3600A {4}
Protection Phase Relays Ground Relay
CT I’(A) I>
Unit Ir Response I> Response
B1 500:1 7.2 1.5 4.8 Alarm (to trip after 0.71 s) 1.0 Alarm (to trip after 0.6 s)
B2 200:1 18 1.0 18 Trip after 0.079 s 0.5 Alarm (to trip after 0.3 s)
B2 Trips after 0.079 s, B1 Alarms to trip after 0.71 (t1-t2 = 0.71-0.079 > 0.3).
b) Performance evaluation
L1: system is insecure because B2 trips for a loading condition.
F1: Good dependability => no problem.
F2: Good coordination => no problem. {2}
c) Suggested modifications
The current setting of B2’ phase relays (I>) is to be increased to 1.5 A. {2}

Page 3 of 4
Question#1 (8 Marks) Circle the correct answer (only ONE is correct)

A protective relay constructed using analog electronics is


a) a digital relay c) a static relay
b) an electro-mechanical relay d) a smart relay

The coil of an overcurrent relay is always connected with


a) the CB contacts and the DC supply c) the CB trip coil and the DC supply
b) the CT secondary winding d) the CB contacts, the CT and the DC supply

The device responsible for detecting the fault condition and issuing a trip signal is the
a) Current Transformer c) Protective relay
b) Circuit breaker d) DC battery bank

The device responsible for supplying the circuit breaker with the energy required for
operation is the
a) Current Transformer c) Protective relay
b) Circuit breaker d) DC battery bank

Discrimination between overcurrent relays using time only is characterized by


a) Bad security c) Bad dependability
b) Slow operation for upstream relays d) Good selectivity

The circuit breaker interrupts the circuit if


a) The fault current exceeds its current tap setting.
b) Its trip coil is energized.
c) The current in the CT secondary is greater than the current setting of the relay.
d) A fault occurs in the zone of the breaker.

The Security requirement for a protective relay means that


a) The relay must not trip for a normal condition.
b) The relay must not trip for a fault outside its zone.
c) The relay must trip for a fault condition.
d) The relay must trip for a fault outside its zone.

A protective relay operated 25 times, out of which 3 were incorrect trips. If the relay failed to
trip 2 times, the relay security equals
a) 88% c) 91.7%
b) 81.5% d) 92.6%

Page 4 of 4

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