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24 views4 pages

Sound 1

Uploaded by

zariyanaaz1929
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL AL - JUBAIL

CLASS - VIII SUBJECT : PHYSICS


CHAPTER 13: SOUND
Instruction :

• Write the notes given below neatly in your notebook


Answer the following :

1: Define Sound

Ans: Sound is a form of energy which helps us hear.

Few additional points about sound :

1. Sound is produced by vibrating objects

2. It needs a material medium like solids , liquids or gases for their propagation.

3. It cannot travel through vacuum.

4. It travels fastest in solids , followed by liquids then in gases . [ In steel sound travels 15 times
faster than in air ]

5. It travels in the form of waves.

2: Characteristics of a sound wave [ vibrations]

Ans : The characteristics of a sound wave are

1. Amplitude

The maximum displacement of the particles of the medium from its mean position is called
amplitude. Its SI unit is meter [m]

2. Time period

The time taken to complete one vibration is called a time period . Its SI unit is seconds [s]
3. The number of vibrations per second is called frequency . Its SI unit is hertz [ Hz]

Formula for frequency :

Frequency = 1/T

3: What are the characteristics of sound

Ans. The 3 main characteristics of sound are :

1.Loudness

It depends on the Amplitude of vibration. Loudness is directly proportional to the square of the
amplitude of vibration. It is expressed in decibel [db]

2. Pitch [Shrillness]

It depends on the frequency of vibration. If the frequency of vibration is low , sound is low
pitched. Example . [ a man’s voice , a lion’s roar etc ] if the frequency of vibration is higher ,
the sound is shrill and has a higher pitch. Example . [ a child’s voice , a woman’s voice , chirping
birds , whistle etc ]

3. Quality [ Timbre ]

It depends on the vibrating part and the material which produce the sound .

4. What is the relationship between frequency and time period ?

Ans . Frequency = 1/Time period ie f = 1/T

5. What are the factors necessary to communicate through sound .

Ans. The 3 factors necessary to communicate through sound are:

1.A source to produce sound

2. A medium through which sound can be transmitted

3. A sensor or receiver to identify and understand this sound.

6. How do we hear sound ?

Ans. The shape of the outer part of the ear is like a funnel . When sound enters it , it travels
down a canal at the end of which a thin membrane is stretched tightly. It is called the eardrum .
Sound vibrations make the eardrum vibrate. The eardrum sends vibrations to inner ear through
the middle ear.

7. How is sound produced by humans ?

Ans. In humans , the sound is produced by the voice box or the larynx . It is at the upper end of
the windpipe. Two vocal cords , are stretched across the voice box or larynx in such a way that
it leaves a narrow slit between them for the passage of the air . When the lungs force air
through the slit , the vocal cords vibrate , producing sound.

8. Explain what ways noise pollution is harmful to humans.

Ans. The presence of excessive noise in the surrounding may cause many health related
problems , lack of sleep , hypertention [ high blood pressure ] , anxiety and many more health
disorders may be caused by noise pollution. A person who is exposed to a loud sound
continuously may get temporary or even permanent impairment of hearing.
9. Define vibration

The to and fro motion of an object about its mean position is called a vibration.

10. Differentiate between noise and music.

Ans. The sound which is pleasing to the ear is called music

Unwanted irritating sound are called noise. When musical sound becomes too loud it becomes
noise.

11. What is noise pollution ? List some measures to limit or reduce noise pollution.

Ans. The presence of excessive or unwanted sound in the environment is called noise pollution .
It has harmful effects on human health.

Some measures to limit noise pollution are :

1.Installing silencing devices in aircraft engines , vehicles , industrial machines and home
appliances.

2. Use of automobiles horns should be minimized.

3. Noise pollution industries should be set up away from residential areas.

4. TV , music systems should be run at low volumes.

5. Use of loud speakers , crackers should be restricted.

6. Trees should be planed along roads and around buildings to reduce noise pollution .

12. Differentiate between infrasonic , Audible and ultrasonic.

Infrasonic Audible Ultrasonic


1.Frequency below 20 1. Frequency from 20 1. Frequency about 20
Hz Hz to 20000 Hz Hz

2. Inaudible to human 2. Audible to human 2. Inaudible to human


ears ears ears

3. Eg pendulum , 3. Heard by humans 3. Sound made or


Earthquakes, whales, and animals heard by bats , dogs ,
elephants etc dolphins etc

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