PRACTICE TEST 40

TEST 1
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from that
of the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. decrease B. expand C. concern D. reliable
Question 2: A. gradual B. building C. product D. crowded
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the that differs from the other three in the position
of stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. afford B. control C. decrease D. housing
Question 4: A. proportion B. resident C. employment D. expensive
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
Question 5: . Shortage of land and funding is blamed for the city's ____ green space.
A. inefficient B. inaccurate C. inadequate D. indispensable
Question 6: It is important for young people to ____ the identity of our culture.
A. remain B. retain C. maintain D. attain
Question 7: There are many ways for foreign students to deal with _____ and adjust to the new environment.
A. globalisation B. cultural group C. culture shock D. youth culture
Question 8: "There's my wallet! I ____ for it for ages."
A. have been looking B. looked C. have looked D. am looking
Question 9: Jefferson once said that one must be determined and ____ on what he thinks is right.
A. stick B. insist C. persist D. keep
Read the following leaflet/school announcements and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 10 to 15.
HIGH-RISE BUILDING FOR SALE
- Discover the ultimate urban living experience in our stunning (10)_______ high-rise building!
o Location: Close (11)_______ top shops, restaurants, and entertainment.
o Views: Enjoy breathtaking cityscape views from every floor.
o Design: Modern and (12)_______ architecture.
- Contact us today to schedule a viewing and make this incredible high-rise your new home!
Question 10: A. a B. an C. the D. no article
Question 11: A. on B. to C. for D. within
Question 12: A. reliance B. reliant C. reliable D. reliability
City Announcement: Upcoming Urbanisation Trend
Exciting Changes Are Coming to Our City!
Urban Growth: Our city is (13) ______ rapidly, attracting more people from all over the world.
New Jobs: The more people are coming, the more jobs (14) ______ by big companies.
Better Services: It is not the first time the city’s authority is committing itself (15) _______ city services,
including schools, hospitals, and public transportation.
We are excited about these positive changes and look forward to a brighter future for our growing city.
Stay tuned for more updates and get ready to enjoy all the benefits of urbanization!
Question 13: A. swelling B. extending C. expanding D. widening
Question 14: A. will be created B. have been created C. are being created D. are created
Question 15: A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. to improving
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make
a meaningful paragraph/letter in each of the following questions.
Question 16:
i. One benefit of urbanisation is better job opportunities.
ii. As a result, families can enjoy a higher standard of living and have access to better services like healthcare
and education.
iii. Also, with more companies competing, wages often increase, which helps people earn more money.
iv. When more people move to a city, new businesses open, and existing ones grow.
v. This means there are more jobs available for everyone.
A. v – ii – i – iii – iv B. i – iv – v – iii – ii C. i – ii – v – iv – iii D. i – v – iii – iv – ii
Question 17:
i. This amazing discovery, which won the Physics Nobel prize in 2001, cannot be described unless the black
holes mostly comprise of pure energy.
 ii. It has been known since 1910 that black holes expand at a regular pace.
iii. Therefore, pure energy is an unknown area to the physics world.
iv. It is normally assumed to form around 60% of the entire energy content in a black hole.
v. But in 1985, three scientists proved that the black holes are expanding faster now than in the past.
A. ii – iv – v – i - iii B. ii – v – i – iv – iii C. iv – v – iii – i – ii D. iv – ii – iii – v – i
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered
blanks from 18 to 23.
Culture shock is the loss of emotional balance, disorientation, or confusion that a person feels when moving
from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one. When it is a common experience, (18) _____ will vary from one
person to another. Individual personality, previous cross-cultural experience, and language proficiency all affect a
person's ability to interact socially in the new culture. (19) _______ , leading to a sense of isolation.
When an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of those familiar signs and hints are removed. He or she is
like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or good-willed he may be, a series of properties have been
knocked from under him. This may be followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration
(20) _____. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: "The ways of the host country are bad
because they make us feel bad."
Another aspect of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous
importance, and everything becomes (21) _____. All difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good
things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.
Common symptoms of culture shock include the following extremes. These are (22) _____ over delays and other
minor frustrations; fear of being cheated, robbed or injured: sleeplessness or a desire to sleep more; and a great
(23) ____ to go home. Underlying all these is the uncomfortable feeling of not really belonging, of being an outsider.
Question 18: A. it occurs to the degree B. the degree it occurs
C. the degree to which it occurs D. it occurs the degree
Question 19: A. The basic cause of culture shock, familiar to the abrupt loss of all, is familiar
B. The basic cause of culture shock, the abrupt loss of all, that is familiar
C. The basic cause of culture shock is the abrupt loss of all is familiar
D. The basic cause of culture shock is the abrupt loss of all that is familiar
Question 20: A. in much the same way B. in the much same way
C. in the same much way D. much in the same way
Question 21: A. irrational glory B. irrational glorification
C. irrationally glorified D. irrationally glorious
Question 22: A. overloads B. excessive concerns
C. incomparable performances D. outrageous demands
Question 23: A. length B. distance C. longing D. expanse
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered
blanks from 24 to 28.
Brazil is home to the largest population in Latin America, of more than 215 million people. Most of them live in
the south-central area, (24) ________ the industrial cities of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte. The
pace of urbanisation has been rapid, with 75% of the population living in urban areas by 1991. While this growth
has (25) __________ to economic development, it has also led to serious social, environmental, and political
challenges in major cities. Nevertheless, Brazil remains famous for its breathtaking natural beauty. The Brazilian
population is (26) ___________ of four main groups: the Portuguese, who colonised Brazil in the 16th century,
Africans who were brought to Brazil as slaves, various other European, Middle Eastern, and Asian immigrant groups
who have settled in Brazil since the mid-19th century, and the indigenous people. Although the Portuguese were
once the dominant European ethnic group in Brazil, waves of immigration have resulted in (27) ___________
diverse ethnic and cultural heritage.
Between 1875 and 1960, approximately 5 million Europeans emigrated to Brazil, settling mainly in the four
southern states of Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. The immigrants were
(28) ___________ from Italy, Germany, Spain, Japan, Poland, and the Middle East. The largest Japanese community
in the world is located in Sao Paulo. The cultures of the different ethnic groups have together created the modern
Brazilian way of life.
Question 24: A. includes B. where includes C. which includes D. which include
Question 25: A. attributed B. contributed C. distributed D. added
Question 26: A. consisted B. comprise C. made up D. constituted
Question 27: A. other B. a C. another D. the other
Question 28: A. primarily B. merely C. fundamentally D. principally
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions from 29 to 33.
According to some Canadian news media, university students don't like to share their own cultures with each other
and are not keen to learn about new ones. However, a study conducted earlier this year at the University of Winnipeg
found the opposite. Its aim was to gauge undergraduate students' attitude towards cultural identity and cultural
diversity. It was influenced by the findings of a 2021 study that examined how nine dally Canadian newspapers
defined the term 'multiculturalism'.
The current study included 10 undergraduate students who participated in two discussions about culture and
heritage. All participants agreed on the importance of multiculturalism. Seven of them had arrived in Canada in the
last 10 years from different places including the Philippines, Pakistan, and Nigeria. The students talked about where
they, their parents. and their grandparents came from, discussing everything from language to festivals. religion,
and traditions. Three groups of students emerged. The first group maintained a strong connection with their heritage
culture and values, and shared stories about their customs and how they made sure they didn't forget their heritage
language. For example. one of them still liked listening to music in his home language. The second group felt a
sense of belonging to a blend of cultures. They were exposed to different cultures when they grew up, however,
they were open to and interested in experiencing other cultures through festivals and friends. The third group had
experienced language and culture loss through the process of becoming Canadians. Although they were sad about
that loss, they still felt enthusiastic about enriching Canadian culture and making it more diverse.
Question 29: Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Preserving native cultures very important in Canada
B. Media and cultural diversity in Canada
C. Cultural diversity important to young Canadians
D. Multiculturalism across the world
Question 30: The word 'gauge' in paragraph 1 mostly means __________
A. discuss B. compare C. judge D. highlight
Question 31: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the study?
A. The participants talked about different aspects of their heritage culture.
B. Not all students could speak the language of their parents or grandparents.
C. In the process of becoming Canadians, all participants forgot their heritage language.
D. Some participants felt they were part of blended culture since they had experienced different cultures in their
childhood.
Question 32: How did one of the participants maintain his native language?
A. By sharing stories about family traditions. B. By listening to songs in that language.
C. By going to music festivals. D. By talking to friends and family.
Question 33: It can be inferred from the passage that _____
A. despite their various experience of cultural heritage, students were all happy about living in a culturally
diverse country
B. news media in Canada seldom talk about multiculturalism
C. Canadians are not willing to accept heritage values or a blend of cultures
D. students who maintain a strong connection with their heritage culture do not become Canadians
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions from 34 to 40.
Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the term broadcasting, from the
treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it. It is directly related to cultivation and the adjectives cultural
and cultured are part of the same verbal complex. A person of culture has identifiable attributes, among them a
knowledge of and interest in the arts, literature, and music. Yet the word culture does not refer solely to such
knowledge and interest nor, indeed, to education. At least from the 19th century onwards, under the influence of
anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come to be used generally both in the singular and the plural
(cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws, conventions and values.
Distinctions have consequently been drawn between primitive and advanced culture and cultures, between elite
and popular culture, between popular and mass culture, and most recently between national and global cultures.
Distinctions have been drawn too between culture and civilization; the latter is a word derived not, like culture or
agriculture, from the soil, but from the city. The two words are sometimes treated as synonymous. Yet this is
misleading. While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to be a perpetual
behavioural pattern, the use of the word culture has been strongly influenced by conceptions of evolution in the
19th century and of development in the 20th century. Cultures evolve or develop. They are not static. They have
twists and turns. Styles change. So do fashions. There are cultural processes. What, for example, the word cultured
means has changed substantially since the study of classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature, philosophy, and
history ceased in the 20th century to be central to school and university education. No single alternative focus
emerged, although with computers has come electronic culture, affecting kinds of study, and most recently digital
culture. As cultures express themselves in new forms not everything gets better or more civilized.
The multiplicity of meanings attached to the word made and will make it difficult to define. There is no single,
unproblematic definition, although many attempts have been made to establish one. The only non-problematic
definitions go back to agricultural meaning (for example, cereal culture or strawberry culture) and medical meaning
(for example, bacterial culture or penicillin culture). Since in anthropology and sociology we also acknowledge
culture clashes, culture shock, and counterculture, the range of reference is extremely wide.
Question 34. The passage mainly discusses ______.
A. the multiplicity of meanings of the word culture B. the distinction between culture and civilization
C. the figurative meanings of the word culture. D. the derivatives of the word culture
Question 35. According to the passage, the word culture ______.
A. is related to the preparation and use of land for farming
B. comes from a source that has not been identified
C. develops from Greek and Roman literature and history
D. derives from the same root as civilization does
Question 36. It is stated in paragraph 1 that a cultured person ______.
A. has a job related to cultivation B. does a job relevant to education
C. takes care of the soil and what grows on it D. has knowledge of arts, literature, and music
Question 37. The word “attributes” in paragraph 1 most likely means ______.
A. fields B. qualities C. aspects D. skills
Question 38. The word “They” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.
A. cultures B. cities C. universities D. computers
Question 39. The word “static” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by “______”.
A. unchanged B. balanced C. regular D. dense
Question 40. Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?
A. Anthropology and sociology have tried to limit the references to culture.
B. Distinctions have been drawn between culture and civilization.
C. The use of the word culture has been changed since the 19th century.
D. The word culture can be used to refer to a whole way of life of people.

TEST 2
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from that
of the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. grate B. man C. expand D. stand
Question 2. A. nation B. equation C. mention D. function
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the that differs from the other three in the position
of stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3. A. album B. advice C. award D. address
Question 4. A. consider B. discover C. imagine D. decorate
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
Question 5: You'll need a strong survival ______ to do well in this company. The office politics are terrible!
A. bone B. obstacle C. edge D. instinct
Question 6: I can’t_________ what he’s doing; it’s so dark down there.
A. see through B. make out C. look into D. show up
Question 7: Once ______ in large quantities, these products will be more affordably priced.
A. are produced B. producing C. produced D. having produced
Question 8: This will put more pressure on the city with ______ to traffic and other problems.
A. respect B. connection C. relation D. concern
Question 9: Event organizers should plan everything carefully so as to leave nothing to ______.
A. mistake B. possibility C. opportunity D. chance
Read the following leaflet/school announcements and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 10 to 15.
 Live and how to live it
1. Stop thinking ‘My life’s a mess.’; ‘Why do these things always happen to me?’; ‘Nobody understands me’.
Try to see things (10) _____ a different light, and ask for others’ opinions. Things aren’t always as they seem.
2. So you didn’t get the job that you really wanted. Things don’t always work out the way we’d like them to,
but it doesn’t mean your boss doesn’t like you. Maybe other people seemed better for the job. Just because
things don’t go your way doesn’t mean you are the only reason why.
3. Not all teachers are strict. Not all adults are out of (11) ______ . Not all younger brothers and sisters are
annoying. Don’t put people in boxes. Get to know people better, you might be surprised.
4. Have you ever got mad at your parents because they made you clean your room? Just because you feel hungry
and angry doesn’t mean they are not really fine. Maybe you have other problems with school or friends. It’s
good to feel. But it’s better to (12) ______ yourself before doing something about it.
5. No one gets it right all the time. Life may not go the way you want it to. If you are not as good as you hope
to be, it’s okay. Be kind to yourself and other people.
6. Don’t think too much about the past. Thoughts like ‘If only I’d studied harder for that test’ or ‘I shouldn’t
have said that’ won’t help the problem. Learn from it, and make sure you don’t make the same mistakes again.
Question 10: A. in B. by C. with D. from
Question 11: A. touch B. reach C. hand D. nowhere
Question 12: A. gather B. assemble C. collect D. accumulate
Dear students,
I hope this email finds you well. I am (13) ______ g out to you to invite all of you to join our virtual meeting on
11th December (9.30-10.00AM EST).
You may wonder why we are holding this event. Well, the aim of the meeting is (14) ______ Young Asia Leaders
(YAL), an international programme to up leadership development and networking in ASIA. We also share
opportunities offered to participants when they choose to join the programme. You can dicuss some fun topics in
the meeting including Education, Economic development, Environment and Civic participation in ASIA. Come
to join us (15) _____ . We look forward to meeting you online. Best regards,
Mary Jane
Time: 11th December (9.30-10.00AM EST)
Place: COM
Com ID: 9387320000
Passcode: 123456
Question 13: A. reaching B. branching C. extending D. spreading
Question 14: A. get to know B. getting to know C. to get to know D. to get known
Question 15: A. as you like B. where you like C. when you like D. should you like
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make
a meaningful paragraph/letter in each of the following questions.
Question 16: Dear Sir/Ma’am,
a. If possible, I would like to discuss such matters in person as soon as possible.
b. I am reaching out to you to enquire about the cost of each lesson and when the first lesson is starting.
c. I am writing this letter to express my interest in your origami workshop.
d. I hope to hear back from you regarding the price and exact time of the first lesson.
e. She hopes to join an origami class taught by origami artists.
f. I have a 12-year-old daughter who has been doing origami for 2 years now.
Thank you!
Yours sincerely,
A. f - c - b - a - d - e B. c - f - e - b - a - d C. c - b - a - f - e - d D. c - d - f - b - a - e
Question 17:
a. Throughout the 1980s, Việt Nam and ASEAN went through beliefs and diplomatic policy changes that led to
both being more open to collaborations.
b. Politically, Việt Nam and ASEAN both befriended more countries in the world.
c. The very nature of the relationship between Việt Nam and ASEAN, in which both benefits, began in the late
1970s with a number of meetings between the heads of Việt Nam and ASEAN.
d. Besides, Việt Nam is considered an attractive investment destination for ASEAN.
e. In the end, Việt Nam joined ASEAN on 28 July 1995 as an official member. Việt Nam and ASEAN have
committed to supporting each other.
f. Economically speaking, Việt Nam and ASEAN have been in many interregional business partnerships with
many international organisations and nations.
A. c - e - f - b - a - d B. c - a - e - b - f - d C. c - b - d - a - f - e D. c - d - b - a - f - e
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered
blanks from 18 to 23.
From a poor British colony to one of Asia’s greats, (18) ______ . With not much land or natural resources,
Singapore initially had problems with national defence, education, and the medical system. That was until former
Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew began (19) ______. As a smart man, the former Prime Minister was the key to
Singapore’s success story. The first thing he did was make Singapore a financial and trading centre. By lowering
taxes, and making immigration easier, Singapore attracted a lot of investors. Lee also forced a high transparency
policy on taxes and the government. As a result, he created the image of a clean and green Singapore. Lee built the
Changi Airport, one of Singapore’s most impressive structures, while Singapore was going through the Oil Crisis
of 1973. But Lee’s risk paid off as Singapore became an economic and travel centre later on. Lee also implemented
(20) _______ . The Singapore government carried out social policies on housing, education, and medicine,
(21) ______ one of the top countries on the wellness scale in (22) _____ . What is more, in the early days, Lee made
Singapore different from other poor countries with a simple solution: trees. He said (23) ______ the quality of living
but they also prevented the negative effects of urbanisation.
Question 18: A. this is Singapore’s success story B. there is Singapore’s success story
C. is Singapore’s success story D. which is Singapore’s success story
Question 19: A. changing Singapore better B. changing better Singapore
C. better changing Singapore D. changing Singapore for the better
Question 20: A. effective social policies B. effective policies socially
C. socially effective policies D. socially political effects
Question 21: A. making Singapore B. make Singapore C. made Singapore D. having made Singapore
Question 22: A. their first 20 years B. its first 20 years C. that first 20 years D. this first 20 years
Question 23: A. not only do trees improve B. not only have trees improved
C. not only trees improved D. not only did trees improve
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered
blanks from 24 to 28.
In an educational context, the term ‘learner independence’ has gained increasing importance in recent years. It
is of particular (24) ______ to language learning and commonly refers to the way students confidently control and
organise their own language learning process. While some people seem to have an almost instinctive flaw for
languages, (25) ______ have to rely on strategies to maximise their skills and learn a foreign language more
effectively.
The main thing to remember is that becoming a truly independent learner ultimately depends above all on taking
responsibility for your own learning and being prepared to take every opportunity available to you to learn. You
also increase your chances of (26) ______ by learning according to your own needs and interests, using all available
resources. Research shows that learners (27) ______ adopt this approach will undoubtedly manage to broaden their
language abilities considerably and, (28) ______, are most likely to achieve their objectives in the longer term.
Question 24. A. acceptance B. relevance C. acquaintance D. resemblance
Question 35. A. each B. every C. others D. Few
Question 46. A. interest B. failure C. suspicion D. success
Question 27. A. who B. why C. which D. where
Question 28. A. though B. as a result C. because D. in contrast
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions from 29 to 33.
The increase in urbanization causes different problems. Air and wpater pollution are amongst the major issue we
have to tackle.
In the first place, cars, factories and burning waste emit dangerous gases that change the air quality in our cities
and pose threats to our health. Dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause respiratory
diseases, for instant, bronchitis and asthma. Those are also proved to have long-term effects on the environment.
Furthermore, with the increased population, it becomes difficult to manage the waste generated in cities. Most
of the waste is discharged or dumped into rivers or onto streets. The waste pollutes water and makes it unfit for
human consumption. Subsequently, it becomes more and more difficult for city dwellers to get clean water. Some
cities in Africa are unable to provide adequate water supply because most of the water is lost in pipe leakages. In
fact, most city dwellers in developing countries are forced to boil their water or to buy bottled water, which is very
expensive.
There are several actions that could be taken to eradicate the problems described above. Firstly, a simple solution
would be joining community efforts to address problems affecting your city. Ask your parents, friends and relatives
to join in as well. These efforts might include clean-up campaigns, recycling projects and a signature campaign to
ask the government to do something about the situation. A second measure would be encouraging your teacher to
talk about these problems and to discuss how young people can help to solve them. Finally, writing to local
organizations working on these issues for ideas on how you can contribute to solve them.
Question 29: The word tackle in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_________.
A. deal with B. make up C. try on D. turn down
Question 30: The word those in paragraph 2 refers to_________.
A. bronchitis and asthma B. carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides
C. dangerous gases D. respiratory diseases
Question 31: According to the passage, in some cities in Africa_________.
A. people are allowed to dump waste into rivers and on streets
B. people aren't provided enough water due to leaking pipes
C. people have found some solutions to the problems
D. people would rather use boiling water and bottled water
Question 32: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. City problems should be taught and be topic for students to discuss at school.
B. Children must ask for their parent's permission before joining community efforts.
C. Participators might take part in different kinds of projects and campaigns.
D. People can contribute in solving the problems by writing to local organizations working on these issues.
Question 33: Which of the following would serve as the best title for the passage?
A. Environment degradation: Air and water pollution B. Environmental pollution: Problems and actions
C. Increasing urbanization: Causes and effects D. Increasing urbanization: Effects and solutions
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions from 34 to 40.
Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its
motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition
is stressful; it is often most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are the greatest. The presence of huge
numbers of people inevitably involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and
exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always
flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today's ease of movement makes its control more difficult
than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers
may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them.
As a defense against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the
pressures upon themselves; contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept
locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source
of pleasure. There are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individuals, for example, reducing
awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behavior are harmful to society in
general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy the community's concern for its members. Lack of informal
social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst
the major causes of urban crime.
Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the
competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so
much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond.
Present day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old
established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be
replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be
re-housed in tower blocks which are drab, inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or
support. This destruction of established social structures is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living
in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the environment, and to retain
familiar landmarks.
Question 34. According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are _____.
A. in need of help B. naturally aggressive C. likely to commit crime D. anxious to succeed
Question 35. The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because _______.
A. criminals are difficult to trace in large populations B. people do not communicate with their neighbors
C. people feel anonymous there D. the trappings of success are attractive to criminals
Question 36. The word anonymity as used in paragraph I can be replaced by _______.
A. calamity B. vagueness C. isolation D. intensity
Question 37. All of the following strategies to reduce pressure are mentioned EXCEPT _______.
A. limit one’s contacts. B. make quick journeys outside the house.
C. use alcohol. D. never use telephones.
Question 38. The majority of people who live in inner cities do so because they ______.
A. dislike having to travel far to work B. don't like the idea of living in the suburbs.
C. have turned against society D. have been forced by circumstances to do so
Question 39. Architectural changes have affected city life by _______.
A. giving the individual a say in planning B. dispersing long-established communities
C. forcing people to live on top of each other D. making people move to the suburbs
Question 40. The word “impersonal’ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. abstract B. unfriendly C. businesslike D. remote

TEST 3
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from that
of the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. afford B. rapid C. urban D. area
Question 2: A. concern B. colonial C. electric D. local
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate that it differs from the other three in the position
of stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. expand B. leisure C. process D. quiet
Question 4: A. comfortable B. architecture C. gradually D. unemployment
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
Question 5: He is considered as a leading ____ in the music industry.
A. number B. shape C. figure D. character
Question 6: We are very glad to see that all the signs ____ to a successful year ahead.
A. point B. suggest C. show D. react
Question 7: "If no one can soon ____ a good solution, we're going to be in trouble,” the board chair warned.
A. come up with B. put up with C. catch up with D. check up with
Question 8: The interviewees are supposed to give their answers to the job offers ____.
A. on the spot B. all in all C. beyond the joke D. within reach
Question 9: The children often make ____ of Charles, which annoys his parents very much.
A. allowance B. mention C. a difference D. fun
Read the following leaflet/school announcements and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 10 to 15.
ECO FRIENDLY TOURIST
Ecotourism is the business of putting together holidays to places of natural beauty in a way that helps local
people and does not hurt the environment. Here are five ecotourism spots worth seeing:
• Cát Tiên National Park: A nice place to really look (10) ______ the forest in the south of Việt Nam.
- Go into the mountains
- Kayak through the Bàu Sấu Lake
- Get local meals, guide, and housing
• Ba Bể National Park: The beauty of Bắc Kạn.
- Home to over 1000 plant and 80 animal species
- Go boating to see Ba Bể lake, Bà Goá island, and Puông Cave
- Listen to stories about the Ba Bể lake from the local people
• Bà Nà – Suối Mơ: A mountain under a big forest in Hoà Vang district – Đà Nẵng.
- Cool climate, fresh and pleasant air
- Long cable car system to get to the top of the mountain, which is (11) _____ entertainment area with
the Golden Bridge and an amusement park.
- Home to a lot of species of plants and animals
• Cần Giờ: A great escape from the world.
- A special island district of Hồ Chí Minh City with a system of canals. It is also home to many special
species of animals and plants
- Peaceful (12) ______
- Fun activities such as boating, and fishing on Hồ Chí Minh City’s only beach
Question 10: A. into B. out C. on D. for
Question 11: A. a B. an C. the D. -
Question 12: A. sight B. sighting C. scene D. scenery
 ORGANISE YOUR TRIPS ONLY WITH US
Safari
Home to colossal herds of animals like zebras, gazellas, and gnu. Take a ride with us around the park and (13)
_____ upon the glorious sight.
Local Guidance
The local guides go out of their way to (14) ______ emphasis in the importance of wildlife preservation and
to ensure visitors cause the least disturbance to the ecosystem.
Witnessing the great migration
It is the only place in Africa (15) _______ the land-animal migrations still take place.
Question 13: A. hold B. held C. behold D. holding
Question 14: A. lay B. place C. locate D. deposit
Question 15: A. that B. which C. where D. whose
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make
a meaningful paragraph/letter in each of the following questions.
Question 16:
i. Consequently, families might not have enough money and may find it harder to get good healthcare and
education.
ii. One drawback of urbanization is fewer jobs for everyone.
iii. Also, because there are more workers, companies may not pay as much.
iv. This means some people might have to take low-paying jobs or not find work at all.
v. When many people move to a city, it can be hard to find work because there are too many people looking for
jobs.
A. ii – v – iv – iii – i B. ii – i – v – iii – iv C. v – iii – iv – v – ii D. ii – v – iii – iv – i
Question 17:
i. Also, I found a huge park where I can relax and read.
ii. I just moved to a new city! It's very exciting here.
iii. Inside them, there are lots of shops and restaurants.
iv. I miss you and hope you can visit soon. How are things with you?
v. The city is big and has many tall buildings. vi. Best wishes, vii. Hi Alec,
A. vii – iv – v – ii – i – iii – vi B. vii – ii – v – iii – i – iv – vi
C. vii – v – iii – iv – i – ii – vi D. vi – v – iii – iv – ii – i – vii
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered
blanks from 18 to 23.
Nowadays, studying abroad has become very popular among young people. Many students dream of experiencing
education in a foreign country, hoping to gain unique benefits. (18) ______ , some students prefer to stay home (19)
_______.
One of the main advantages of studying abroad is the potential to be more successful in life. Students who study
overseas often receive a high-quality education, (20) ______ . Additionally, living independently in a different
culture helps students develop essential life skills and self-reliance, which are crucial for personal growth.
However, there are notable disadvantages. Some students may have difficulties adapting to a new environment,
experiencing culture shock and homesickness. Furthermore, they might face discrimination, (21) ______ the local
community. Language barriers can also pose significant challenges, affecting their academic performance and social
interactions.
In short, studying abroad offers both exciting opportunities and considerable challenges. In my opinion, while it
may be difficult, the advantages of studying abroad, such as personal growth and better career prospects, (22)
______. It is (23) ______ that can greatly contribute to a student's development.
Question 18: A. However exciting can this opportunity be B. While this can be an exciting opportunity
C. No matter what opportunity can be exciting D. Without such an exciting opportunity
Question 19: A. to avoid the potential challenges they may face
B. to avoiding the potential challenges they may face
C. and avoid the potential challenges faced
D. so they avoid facing the potential challenges
Question 20: A. to open doors to better career opportunities
B. when doors can open to better career opportunities
C. which can open doors to better career opportunities
D. whose doors can open to better career opportunities
Question 21: A. making hard to integrate into B. making to integrate into it hard
C. made it hard to integrate into D. integrating hard into making it
Question 22: A. outweigh the disadvantages B. the disadvantages outweigh
C. outweighing the disadvantages D. are outweighed by the disadvantages
Question 23: A. valuable experience B. a valuable experience
C. invaluable experiencing D. experience value
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered
blanks from 24 to 28.
In the United States, it is important to be on time, or punctual, for an appointment, a class, a meeting, etc.
However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered this difference while teaching a
class in a Brazilian university. The two-hour class was (24) ____ to begin at 10 a.m. and end at 12. On the first day,
when the professor arrived on time , no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10 a.m. Several arrived
after 10:30 a.m. Two students came after 11 a.m. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived,
few apologized for their lateness. Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students' behaviour.
The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal
situation: at a lunch with a friend and in university calls, (25) ____. He gave them an example and asked them how
they would react. If they had a lunch appointment with a friend, the (26) ____ American student showed clearly
lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student would be 33 minutes
late.
In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour. (27) ______ , in Brazil, neither
the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour. Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the
United States, but also end at the scheduled time. In the Brazilian class, only (28) ______ students left the class at
12:00; many remained past 12:30 to discuss the class and ask more questions. Arriving late may not be very
important in Brazil, it is staying late.
Question 24: A. intended B. scheduled C. meant D. planned
Question 25: A. respectably B. respectfully C. irrespectively D. respectively
Question 26: A. normal B. average C. ordinary D. medium
Question 27: A. Otherwise B. In fact C. On the contrary D. In contrast
Question 28: A. few B. a few C. some D. a number
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions from 29 to 33.
Modern life is characterized not only by the conveniences made possible by technological advances but also by
greater mobility in search of still greater opportunities. These major life changes, however, expose individuals to
many novelties in a new culture, which are the causes of culture shock. Culture shock is a process through which
most people who enter a new culture pass through before they adjust to life in their new environment.
Culture shock begins with the honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in which
everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. Unfortunately, the second stage "rejection stage" can be
quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking). This can lead to the
person getting sick or developing skin infections or rashes, which then makes the person feel even more scared and
confused and helpless. This stage is considered a crisis in the process of cultural adjustment and many people choose
to go back to their homeland or spend all their time with people from their own culture speaking their native
language. The third stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage”. This is when you begin to realize that
things are not so bad in the host culture. You are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new
place. The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings.
You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are
strong enough to deal with them. The last stage of culture shock, which many people don't know about, is called
"reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have
changed and that things there have changed while you have been away.
Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!
Question 29: Which sentence best explains the main idea of paragraph 1?
A. Culture shock, experienced by people living in a new culture, consists of five basic stages.
B. People immigrate to other countries in search of better opportunities.
C. Modern life is characterized by many technological advances and greater mobility.
D. These major life changes are the causes of culture shock.
Question 30: It is stated that the "honeymoon stage”_________.
A. is involved in developing healthy habits
B. is exciting with the new sights, sounds, language and foods
C. is the initial period of culture shock
D. got its name because everything is new and exciting for the newcomer
Question 31: In paragraph 1, the word novelties probably means_________.
 A. things which are new or unusual B. things which are difficult to deal with
C. things which have to do with novels D. things which are very young or recent in age
Question 32: In paragraph 2, the word host probably means_________.
A. the dominant country B. the largest country
C. the newcomer's native country D. the receiving country
Question 33: Which of the following is NOT true according the passage?
A. At forth stage, newcomers have overcome all problems in the new culture.
B. Immigrants may suffer from "reverse culture shock” when going back to native culture.
C. New arrivals in the second stage, "reject” the new culture by returning to their country or binding even more
with other people from their culture.
D. The "rejection stage” is the most difficult stage in the process of cultural adjustment.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions from 34 to 40.
Buying a house is the single largest financial investment an individual makes. Yet, in India this act is fraught
with risk and individuals depend on weak laws for justice. Occasionally, deviant promoters are called to account as
was the case in the detention of Unitech's promoters. This incident shows up the fallout of an absence of proper
regulation to cover contracts between buyers and real estate promoters. A real estate bill, which is presently pending
in Rajya Sabha, seeks to fill this gap. It has been debated for over two years and should be passed by Parliament in
the budget session.
India is in the midst of rapid urbanization and urban population is expected to more than double to about 900
million over the next three decades. Unfortunately, even the current population does not have adequate housing. A
government estimate in 2012 put the shortage at nearly 19 million units. If this shortage is to be alleviated quickly,
India's messy real estate sector needs reforms.
The real estate bill seeks to set standards for contracts between buyers and sellers. Transparency, a rare
commodity in real estate, is enforced as promoters have to upload project details on the regulators' website.
Importantly, standard definitions of terms mean that buyers will not feel cheated after taking possession of a house.
In order to protect buyers who pay upfront, a part of the money collected for a real estate project is ringfenced in a
separate bank account. Also, given the uncertainty, which exists in India on land titles, the real estate bill provides
title insurance. This bill has been scrutinized by two parliamentary committees and its passage now brooks no delay.
This bill is an important step in cleaning up the real estate market, but the journey should not end with it. State
governments play a significant role in real estate and they are often the source of problems. Some estimates suggest
that real estate developers have to seek approvals of as many as 40 central and state departments, which lead to
delays and an escalation in the cost of houses. Sensibly, NDA government's project to provide universal urban
housing forces states to institute reforms to access central funding. Without real estate reforms at the level of states,
it will not be possible to meet the ambition of making housing accessible for all urban dwellers.
Question 34. It can be inferred from the passage that_________.
A. buying house is not a single largest individual investment
B. in India, no one depends on laws for justice
C. the real estate bill does not provide title insurance
D. urbanization in India has increased rapidly
Question 35. According to the passage, which of the following is the pending in Rajya Sabha?
A. NDA government's new scheme B. Universal rural housing programme
C. Real estate bill D. Universal urban housing programme
Question 36. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Current population does not have adequate housing in India.
B. India's real estate sector needs reforms.
C. Real state bill has been scrutinized by two parliamentary committees.
D. Urban population is expected to more than double to about 850 million over the next three decades.
Question 37. According to the passage, what is the source of problem in real estate?
A. Buyers and sellers B. Central governments C. Market money makers D. State governments
Question 38. The word alleviated in the second paragraph is OPPOSITE in meaning to_________.
A. aggravated B. deaden C. diminished D. relieved
Question 39. The word escalation in the forth paragraph refers to_________.
A. decrease B. growth C. reduction D. sustainability
Question 40. It is impossible to meet the ambition of making housing accessible for urban dwellers ____.
A. with real estate reforms at state level B. without support of central government
C. without passing the bill in Rajya Sabha D. without real estate reforms at the level of states
 Further Reading
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions
Diffusion, the process of introducing cultural elements from one society into another, occurs in three basic
patterns: direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion.
In direct contact, elements of a society's culture may be adopted first by neighboring societies and then gradually
spread farther afield. The spread of the manufacture of paper is an example of extensive diffusion by direct contact.
The invention of paper is attributed to the Chinese Ts'ai Lun in A.D. 105. Within fifty years, paper was being made
in many places in central China. By 264 it was found in Chinese Turkmenistan, and from then on the successive
places of manufacture were Samarkand (751), Baghdad (793), Egypt (about 900), Morocco (about 1100), and
France (1189). In general, the pattern of accepting the borrowed invention was the same everywhere. Paper was
first imported into each area as a luxury, then in ever-expanding quantities as a staple product. Finally, usually within
one to three centuries, local manufacture started.
Diffusion by intermediate contact occurs through the agency of third parties. Frequently, traders carry a cultural
trait from the society that originated it to another group. As an example of diffusion through intermediaries,
Phoenician traders spread the alphabet which may have been invented by another Semitic group, to Greece. At
times, soldiers serve as intermediaries in spreading a culture trait. During the Middle Ages, European soldiers acted
as intermediaries in two ways: they carried European culture to Arab societies of North Africa and brought Arab
culture back to Europe. In the nineteenth century Western missionaries brought Western-style clothing to such places
as Africa and the Pacific Islands.
In stimulus diffusion, knowledge of a trait belonging to another culture stimulates the invention or development
of a local equivalent. A classic example of stimulus diffusion is the creation of the Cherokee syllabic writing system
by a Native American named Sequoya. Sequoya got the idea from his contact with the English; yet he did not adopt
the writing system nor did he even learn to write English. He utilized some English alphabetic symbols, altered
others, and invented new ones.
1. The passage mainly discusses how ____.
A. cultures retain their unique characteristics B. cultural elements transfer from one culture to another
C. paper came into general use D. economies grew through trade and manufacturing
2. The word "attributed" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. credited B. presented C. promised D. limited
3. The word "successive" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. specialized B. principal C. prosperous D. subsequent
4. The word "it" in the passage refers to ____.
A. diffusion B. contact C. trait D. society
5. According to the passage, a change that occurred in Africa and the Pacific Islands as a result of the arrival of
missionaries was ____.
A. an increase in the presence of soldiers B. variation in local style of dressing
C. the manufacture of paper D. the introduction of new alphabetical systems
6. In stating that the Cherokee writing system is a classic example, the author means that this example is especially:
A. representative B. understandable C. difficult D. old
7. According to the passage, what did Sequoya do?
A. Adopt the English writing system for use in Cherokee
B. Study English intensively in order to learn to write it
C. Teach English to Cherokee Native Americans
D. Create a Cherokee writing system based on elements of the English alphabet
8. The origins of the Greek and Cherokee writing systems were discussed in the passage because both systems ____.
A. underwent identical patterns of development in different parts of the world
B. influenced the development of alphabets of other languages
C. represented distinct ways in which elements could be introduced into a culture
D. were introduced by religious missionaries
9. Which of the following statements about direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion is NOT true?
A. They all cause changes in cultures. B. They all occur in more than one culture.
C. They all involve the interaction of cultures. D. They all require the trading of manufactured products.
10. The author organized the discussion in the passage by ____.
A. establishing a historical chronology from the past through the present
B. illustrating specific categories with examples
C. identifying important geographic regions
D. ranking categories from most to least significant