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Name: …………………………………………………………………………….. Adm.No………………………………………..

233/2
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2
Time: 2 hours

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

CHEMISTRY PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your name, admission number in the spaces provided.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
 All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
 Scientific calculators may be used.

FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY

Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

1 10
2 12
3 10
4 12
5 13
6 12
7 11
TOTAL 80

This paper consists of 12 printed pages. Candidates are advised to check and to make sure all pages are
as indicated and no question is missing.

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1. A. In an experiment to determine the percentage of oxygen in air, the apparatus below

were set up. Study the set up and the information provided to answer the
questions that follow.

Copper turnings K

100
J
200
Water
300

I 400
Heat
500

Flask H (500cm3)

A 500cm3 measuring cylinder K was filled with water and assembled for gas collection.
Copper turnings were heated red hot and water was slowly passed into 500cm3 flask H
until it reached the 500cm3 mark. A colourless gas was collected in K.

(i) What was the purpose of passing water into flask H? (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) What observations were made in the tube I? (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Name one of the gases that is likely to be found in J. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) What was the volume of the gas collected in the measuring cylinder at the end of
the experiment? (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(v) Calculate the percentage of oxygen in air using the above results. (2 marks)

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B. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

Copper (II) oxide Ice cold water

Colourless
liquid Y
Heat

(a) Give one observation made in the combustion tube after some time. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Write an equation for the formation of the colourless liquid Y. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) What was the aim of the above experiment as demonstrated in the combustion
tube? Explain. (2 marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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2. Use the information below to answer the questions that follow. The letters are not the
actual symbols of the elements.

Element Atomic No. M.P0C B.P0C Ionic radius

(nm)
P 11 98 890 0.095
Q 12 650 1110 0.065
R 13 660 2470 0.050
S 14 1410 2360 0.041
T 15 44.2 & 590 280 0.034
U 16 113 & 119 445 0.184
V 17 -101 -35 0.181
W 18 -189 -186 -

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(a) (i) Write the electronic configuration of the atoms represented by letters T
and W. (1 mark)

(ii) State the nature of the oxides of the elements represented by Q and U.
(2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Why does the elements represented by the letters T and U have two values of
melting points? (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Explain the following observations in terms of structure and bonding.

(i) There is an increase in boiling point from P to R. (2 marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(ii) Element S has a high boiling point. (2 marks)
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(iii) There is a decrease in boiling points from U to W. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(d) (i) Compare the atomic radius of U and V. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Why is there no ionic radius for W reported in the table? (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. (a) The solubilities of potassium nitrate and potassium bromide at different

temperatures was determined. The following data was obtained.

Temperature 0C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Solubility KNO3 5 15 26 43 61 83 105 135 165
g/100g H2O KBr 50 55 60 65 70 77 85 90 95

(i) Draw solubility curves for both salts on the same axis. (3 marks)

(ii) What was the solubility of each salt at 650C? (1 mark

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(iii) 100g of a saturated solution of potassium nitrate at 700C was cooled to

200C. What mass of the crystals will be crystallized? (2 marks)

(b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

Solid A Dil. HCl Solution

Metal Heat + C
carbonate Gas B

A few drops of
NH3(aq)
Deep blue
Excess of
solution E Solid D
NH3(aq)

(i) Write an equation for the formation of solid A and gas B. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Name;
Solution C - ………………………………………………….. (1 mark)
Solid D - ………………………………………………….. (1 mark)

(c) Write the formula of the complex ion in solution E. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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4. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
III
II
NaOH
Heat
W
Na2CO3 NaOH

NaOH
IV

Q Na

V X Z
HI
R

VI

H H

C C
Y
H H
n

(a) Name substance. (3 marks)

X - ………………………………………………………………….
Q - ………………………………………………………………….
R - ………………………………………………………………….
(b) Write down an equation for the reaction represented by step III. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) What are the conditions and reagent required for steps?

(i) I (2 marks)
Reagent - …………………………………………………………………………………..
Condition - …………………………………………………………………………………..

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(ii) IV (2 marks)
Reagent - …………………………………………………………………………………..
Condition - …………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Name the process represented by: (4 marks)

I - ……………………………………………………………………….
II - ……………………………………………………………………….
IV - ……………………………………………………………………….
V - ……………………………………………………………………….
5. I. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.

Substance A Substance B

Step I
Oxygen
Catalyst F Oxygen
Ammonia gas Colourless Brown gas
gas D
Step II

Water

Nitric (V)
acid
(a) Identify substances. (3 marks)
A - …………………………………………………………………..
B - …………………………………………………………………..
D - …………………………………………………………………..
(b) State the catalyst necessary for; (2 marks)
Step I - …………………………………………………………………………………………
Step II - …………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Write an equation for the reaction taking place in step II. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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(d) Write two balanced chemical equations for the reaction between chlorine
gas and;
(i) Hot and concentrated sodium hydroxide. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Dilute and cold sodium hydroxide. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. The diagram below shows an experiment in which the Lead (II) nitrate crystals are
heated.
Powdered
Pb(NO3)2
Gas Y

Ice
Liquid P

(a) Name; (2 marks)

(i) Liquid P - ………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Gas Y - ………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of Lead (II) nitrate.
(1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Explain how you can distinguish between nitrogen (II) oxide and nitrogen (I) oxide.
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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6. I. Study the standard electrode potentials given below and answer the questions that
follow.

(a) Identify the strongest:

(i) Reducing agent ……………………….. (1 mark)
(ii) Oxidizing agent ……………………….. (1 mark)
(b) Calculate the e.m.f of a cell made of G and M. (2 marks)

(c) Write the cell representation for the above cell in (b). (1 mark)

(d) Draw a cell diagram for the cell in (b) above. (2 marks)

(e) Write the cell reaction for the drawn cell diagram in (d) above. (1 mark)

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II. Electrolysis of aqueous solution of metal M resulted in the deposition of 1.07g of

metal upon passage of a current of 1.32 amperes for 75 minutes.
(M = 52, 1F = 96500C)

(i) Calculate the quantity of electricity passed through the cell. (1 mark)

(ii) Calculate the charge on the metal ion. (3 marks)

7. Extraction of iron involves two main processes, smelting and refining. Below is the blast
furnace which is used to smelt iron from its ore.

CO2, CO
as waste

3000C
C
Carbon (IV) oxide 5000C
recycled

6000C
B

8000C
Fire brick lining A
Hot air blast from
16000C stove

Slag
Slag tap
Iron
Molten iron from
tap

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(a) (i) What does the word smelt mean? (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Name the reducing agent in the process. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) What is the role of the hot air blast in the process? (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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(b) Write equations for the reactions that take place at the region marked A, B and C.
(3 marks)

A - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

B - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

C - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) What is the purpose of limestone in the extraction process? (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(f) Write equations to show how impurities are removed from the ore.
(3 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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