Scribd
Upload
61 views35 pages

Wheel Defect

Literature

Uploaded by

Devarshi Gaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
61 views35 pages

Wheel Defect

Literature

Uploaded by

Devarshi Gaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

WHEELS

DEFECTS
WHEELS DEFECTS
Wheel defects
and
their condemning limits
Wheel defects Standard
and
Condemning Limit
Sharp Flange Standard 14.5 mm
Condemning Limit 5 mm or Less
Thin Flange Standard 28.5 mm
Condemning Limit 16mm or Less
Less radius at root of flange
Standard 16 mm-IRS 14 mm-WWP
Condemning Limit 13 or Less
Deep Flange
28.5 mm /35mm or more
Hollow Tyre
5 mm or above
Thin Tyre
Since no tyred wheel, dia of
the wheel is the criteria.
Flat Tyre
Coaching Stock
50 mm or more
And
Goods Stock
60 mm or more
Less radius at Root of
Flange:
Standard 16 mm-IRS
and
14 mm-WWP
Condemning Limit
13 or Less
When radius given at the
root of flange is reduced to
13 mm is called less radius
at root of flange.This defect
can develop into other
defects such as deep flange
and hollow tyre
Sharp Flange:
When the radius given at the tip of flange is
worn out to 5mm, it is
called sharp flange. This defect develops
either due to running on
the same curves for a along period or due to
the defects on the
rolling stock such as bent axle guard, weak
springs, defective axle guides and
excessive longitudinal clearance
The wheel is always
pushed towards the rail and the flange starts
wearing. The root of flange is first affected
and then the inclination given on the flange
disappears. Slowly the roundness given on
the flange is reduced Sharp flange can take
wrong routes at a facing point provided the
point itself is slightly defective such as a
split, a worn out or
damaged switch rail etc.
Deep Flange:
When the depth of the flange is increased to 35
mm for BG stock,
it is called Deep flange. This happens due to the
wear of the wheel tread at the root of the flange.
A deep flange can cause damage to the
permanent way by mounting over fish plate, fish
bolts, check bolts etc. and also causes
derailments especially at check blocks and
check rails
Hollow Tyre:
Due to wear on the wheel tread caused
especially by wrong material composition
in brake blocks, the inclination given on the
wheel tread wears out and forms curve.
Without this inclination on the tyre wheel
will have more lateral play on a straight
line causing rough riding. It will also find
very difficult to negotiate curve.
Thin tyre:
When the thickness of the tyre is
reduced to 25 mm for BG is
called thin tyre. This happens due to
wear and tear in ordinary condition.
Wheel with thin tyre will not be able to
withstand the weight of the
load. This also will cause low buffer
heights.
Thin Flange:
When the thickness of flange is
reduced to 16mm is called Thin
Flange Thickness must be measured
at a point 13 mm from the Tip.
It leads to breakage of flange under
the side thrust of the wheel on
a curve
Skidded Wheel:
This happens due to defective brakes or
improper releasing ofbrakes. When a rolling
stock is kept running with brakes binding the
wheels do not revolve. Instead they slide over
the rail surface.This cause heavy friction and
wear on a particular spot on wheel
tread. These worn out spots or patches will
cause heavy noise on run and disturb the
passengers. A skidded wheel not only
damagesthe permanent way but also bearings.
Shattered Rim;
A wheel with a fracture on the tread
or flange must be withdrawnfrom
service. Shattered Rim is a
rejectable defect.(This does not
include wheels with localized
pitting or flakingwithout presence of
any rejectable condition).
Spread Rim; If the rim widens out for a short
distance on the front face, aninternal defect may
be present. Spreading of the rim is
usuallyaccompanied by a flattening of the tread,
which may or may nothave cracks or shelling on
the tread. Such wheels must be
withdrawn from service.(This condition should
not be confused with a uniform curling overof
the outer edge of the rim around the entire
wheel, which is
called rim flow. Rim flow is not a rejectable
defect).
Shelled Tread; Shelling can be identified by
pieces of metal breaking out of thetread
surface in several places more or less
continuously around therim. Shelling takes
place when small pieces of metal break out
between the fine thermal checks. These
aregenerally associatedwith small skid
marks or “chain sliding” Suchwheelsshould
bewithdrawn from service and sent to
workshops for re-profiling.
Thermal Cracks; Thermal cracks appear on
a wheel tread due to intense heating ofthe
wheel arising out of severe brake binding.
Such cracks occur onthe tread and
generally progress across the tread in a
transverse &radialdirection. Whenever
suchacrack becomes visible on the outer
face of the rim or tread crack has reached
the outer edge(non-gauge face) of the rim,
the wheel should be withdrawn from
service.
If a crack becomes visible on the outer flange
face, thewheel should be withdrawn from
service. Such wheels should be sent to
workshop for examination and subsequent
rejection.Wheels involved in brake binding
during service, should be examined carefully
during the maintenance to rule out thepossibility
of rejectable thermal cracks. Such wheels may
be identified by presence of flats (even within
acceptable limits) and severe discoloration or
blue/ black heating marks on the tread.
Heat checks; Fine superficial cracks visible
on the tread on or adjacent to the braking
surface are called heat checks, which are
usually denser than the thermal cracks.
Heat checks are caused on the tread due to
heating and cooling cycles undergone by
the wheel during normal braking. Such
wheels need not be withdrawn but should
be carefully distinguished from the
rejectable thermal cracks.
Disc crack;
A crack on the disc due to
material failure is called disc
crack. The wheel should be
with drawn from service.
Loose axle
While assembling wheel with axle
proper interference should be
maintained between wheel and axle.
Due to improper selection of
interference the wheel may shift
outwards or it may come out
completely. Loose axle is a
rejectable defect.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy