6 Times 5 Times 4 Times 3 Times 2 Times 1 Time

MODULE > 1 2 3 4 5 6

2024 May 15 5 15 75 10 10

2023 Dec 10 10 25 60 10 10

2023 May 15 10 25 35 15 20

2022 Dec 5 10 10 45 25 15

Last 4 Avg 15 10 25 55 15 15

2022 May 10 10 20 20 20 20

2019 Dec 15 10 35 25 15 20

2019 May 20 10 15 45 15 10

2018 Dec 30 5 15 70 20 10

Total 120 60 195 375 130 125

1. Introduction to Networking (10-15 marks)

1. Explain ISO OSI reference model with diagram.
2. State and explain the design issues of OSI Layer.
3. List two ways In which the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP reference model
are the same. Now list two ways in which they differ.
4. What are three reasons for using layered protocols? (OR Explain the need of
layering for communication and networking). What are two possible disadvantages
of using layered protocols?
5. Differentiate between connection oriented and connectionless services.
6. What is topology? Explain the types of topologies with diagram, advantages and
disadvantages.
7. Write a short note on Internetworking devices

2. Physical Layer (5-10 marks)

1. Explain different types of guided transmission media in detail.
2. Compare the performance characteristics of coaxial, twisted pair and fibre
optic transmission media.
 3. Data Link Layer (15-25 marks)
1. What is channel allocation problem?
2. Explain CSMA Protocols. Explain how collisions are handled in CSMA/CD
3. Explain sliding window protocol using selective repeat technique.
4. Compare the performance of Selective repeat & Go-back-N protocol.
5. Explain the Go-back-N protocol.
6. Explain one-bit sliding window protocol (Stop and Walt).
7. Explain different framing methods? What are the advantages of varlable length
frame over fixed length frame?
8. Explain design issues of data link layer.
9. List the types of Error detection and correction techniques with the help of
example.
10. 4-bit data bits with binary value 1010 is to be encoded using even parity
Hamming code. What is the binary value after encoding?
11. Numerical on CSMA/CD and ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA:
i. Consider building a CSMA/CD network running at 1Gbps over a 1 km cable with no
repeaters. The signal speed of the cable is 200,000 km/sec. What is the minimum
frame size?
ii. A network with CSMA/CD has 10 Mbps bandwidth and 25.6 ms maximum propagation
delay. What is the minimum frame size?
iii. What is the throughput of the system both in Pure ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA,
if the network transmits 200 bits frames on a shared channel of 200 Kbps and the
system produces:
a) 1000 frames per second
b) 500 frames per second
iv. A5 km long broadcast LAN uses CSMA has 107 bps bandwidth and uses CSMA/CD.
The signal travels along the wire at 5 x 10° m/s. What is the minimum packet size
that can be used on this network?
4. Network Layer (45-75 marks)
1. Explain IPv4 header format in detail
2. Explain classful and classless IPv4 addressing
3. What is subnetting? Compare subnetting and super netting. What are the default
subnet masks? Explain the need for subnet mask in subnetting.
4. Explain Link State Routing with suitable example.
5. Explain Distance vector routing protocol. What is count to infinity problem.
How to overcome it?
6. Explain ARP and RARP protocols in detail.
7. Write a short note on ICMP protocol.
8. What is Congestion control? Explain Open loop and closed loop congestion
control.
9. What is traffic shaping? Explain leaky bucket algorithm and compare it with
token bucket algorithm
10. Numerical on subnetting: (Asked in 3 of the last 4 exams)
1) An ISP is granted a block of addresses starting with 190.100.0.0/16 (65,536).
The ISP needs to distribute these addresses to three groups of customers as
follows:
a) The first group has 64 customers; each needs 256 addresses
b) The second group has 128 customers; each needs 128 addresses.
c) The third group has 128 customers; each needs 64 addresses.
Design the subblocks and find out how many addresses are still available after
these allocations.
2) An organization has granted a block of addresses starting with 105.8.71.0/24,
organization wanted to distribute this block to 11 subnets as follows:
a) First Group has 3 medium size businesses, each need 16 addresses
b) The second Group has 4 medium size businesses, each need 32 addresses.
c) The third Group has 4 households, each need 4 addresses.
Design the sub blocks and give slash notation for each subblock. Find how many
addresses have been left after this allocation.
3) A large number of consecutive IP address are available starting at 198.16.0.0.
Suppose that four organizations, A, B, C, and D, request 4000, 2000, 4000, and
8000 addresses, respectively, and in that order. For each of these. give the
first IP address assigned. the last IP address assigned, and the mask in the
w.x.y.z/s notation.
11. Compare the network layer protocols IPv4 and IPv6.
5. Transport layer (10-25 marks)
1. Explain the TCP connection establishment(Three-Way Handshake technique) and
Connection release.
2. Differentiate between TCP and UDP.
3. Explain Slow-Start algorithm for TCP's congestion handling policy.
4. Write a shot note on TCP Timers.
5. Explain TCP flow control.
6. Application layer (10-20 marks)
1. What is need of DNS and explain how DNS works(functioning)? Explain DNS
namespace.
2. Write a short note on SMTP.
3. Explain HTTP. Draw and summarize the structure of HTTP request and response.
4. Explain working(operation) of DHCP protocol.
5. Explain DHCP message format in detail.