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DPP Surface Tension-2

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29 views15 pages

DPP Surface Tension-2

Uploaded by

44 A Ritam Bera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DPP: SURFACE TENSION

1) Derive a relation between surface tension and surface


energy.

2) Surface Energy:

If we increase the free surface area of a liquid then work


has to be done against the force of surface tension. This
work done is stored in liquid stu-face as potential energy,

This additional potential energy per unit area of free


surface of liquid is called surface energy.

Surface energy (E) = S x &ΔM

where. S = surface tension and ΔA = increase in surface


area.

(i) Work Done in Blowing a Liquid Drop If a liquid drop is


blown up from a radius r1 to r2 then work done for that is

W = S . 4π (r22 – r12)

(ii) Work Done in Blowing a Soap Bubble As a soap bubble


has two free surfaces, hence work done in blowing a soap
bubble so as to increase its radius from r1 to r2 is given by
W = S.8π(r22 – r12)
(iii) Work Done in Splitting a Bigger Drop into n Smaller
Droplets

If a liquid drop of radius R is split up into n smaller


droplets, all of same size. then radius of each droplet

r = R. (n)-1/3

Work done, W = 4π(nr2 – R2)

= 4πSR2 (n1/3 – 1)

(iv) Coalescence of Drops If n small liquid drops of radius


reach combine together so as to form a single bigger drop
of radius R=n1/3.r, then in the process energy is released.
Release of energy is given by

ΔU = S.4π(nr2 – R2)

= 4πSπn(1 – n1/3)

3) Water has a surface tension of 0.4 N/m. In a 3 mm


diameter vertical tube if the liquid rises 6 mm above the
liquid outside the tube, calculate the contact angle.
4)
5) State the law of floatation.

Ans: Law of floatation states that a body would float in a


liquid, if weight of the liquid that is displaced by the
immersed part of the body is at least equal to or greater
than the weight of the body.

6) Is the blood pressure of humans greater at the feet


than at the brain?

Ans: It is quite obvious that the height of the blood column


in the human body is more at the feet than at the brain.
Since, we know that, pressure is directly dependent on
the height of the liquid column, so pressure would be more
at feet than that at the brain.

7) Define surface tension.

Ans: Surface tension is measured as the force that is


acting on a unit length of a line that is imagined to be
drawn tangentially anywhere on the free surface of the
liquid that is at rest.

8) Does Archimedes principle hold in a vessel in a free


fall?

Ans: Archimedes Principle will not hold in a vessel in free


fall. This is because, in this case, acceleration due to
gravity is found to be zero and hence buoyant force will
not exist in this case.
9) Oil is sprinkled on sea waves to calm them. Why?

Ans: We know that the surface tension of sea-water


without oil is greater than oily water. So, the water
without oil pulls the oily water against the direction of the
breeze and hence, the sea waves would calm down.

10) A drop of oil placed on the surface of water spreads


out, but a drop of water placed on oil contracts. Why?

Ans: Since the cohesive forces between the oil molecules


are known to be less than the adhesive force that exists
between the oil molecules, the drop of oil spreads out and
would thus reverse holds for drop of water.

11) Water rises in a capillary tube but mercury falls in the


same tube. Why?

Ans: The capillary rise could be given by:

h= 2Tcosθ

rρg

Where,

h=height of capillary

T=Surface tension

θ=Angle of contact

r=Radius of capillary

ρ=Density of liquid

g=Acceleration due to gravity


Now, for mercury–glass surface, θ is obtuse, hence cosθ
would be negative so will be the value of h.

Hence, we could conclude that mercury will depress


below the level of surrounding liquid.

12) The diameter of ball A is half that of ball B. What will


be their ratio of their terminal velocities in water?

Ans: Hint: We know that the terminal velocity is directly


proportional to the square of radius of the ball,

v∝r2

Ans : 1:4

13) 11.What is the significance of Reynolds’s Number?


15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21) In Millikan’s oil drop experiment, what is the terminal
speed of an uncharged drop of radius 2.0 x 10-5 m and
density 1.2 x 103 kg m-3. Take the viscosity of air at the
temperature of the experiment to be 1.8 x 10-5 Pa-s. How
much is the viscous force on the drop at that speed?
Neglect buoyancy of the drop due to air.

22) A metal plate of area 2.5×10-4m2 is placed on a


0.25×10-3m thick layer of castor oil. If a force of 2.5 N is
needed to move the plate with a velocity 3×10-2m s-1,
calculate the coefficient of viscosity of castor oil.

Given: A=2.5×10-4 m2, dx = 0.25×10-3m, F=2.5N and dv =


3×10-2 m s-1

23) Does Archimedes principle hold in a vessel in a free


fall?

Ans: Archimedes Principle will not hold in a vessel in free


fall. This is because, in this case, acceleration due to
gravity is found to be zero and hence buoyant force will
not exist in this case.
24) The radius of a capillary tube is doubled. What change
will take place in the height of the capillary rise?

Answer:

Capillary rise will be halved as h ∝ 1/r

25) Derive the expression for terminal velocity and


Equation of Continuity.

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