Chapter: Health and Hygiene

Topic 7.1: Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. Define disease. What are the different factors responsible for causing diseases?
2. Explain the role of microorganisms in causing diseases.

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. A disease is also called ___________ or ___________.
2. ___________ is caused by a lack of nutrients in the diet.
3. ___________ and ___________ are examples of diseases caused by tobacco,
alcohol, and narcotics.
• Name the Following:
1. Name one disease caused by a malfunctioning organ.
2. Name a disease caused by an allergic reaction.

Topic 7.2: Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. Differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases.

2. How are communicable diseases transmitted? Explain with examples.

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Communicable diseases are transmitted ___________ or ___________
contact.
2. Non-communicable diseases cannot be transmitted ___________ or
___________.
3. ___________ and ___________ are examples of communicable diseases.
• Name the Following:
1. Name any two examples of non-communicable diseases.
2. Name any one communicable disease caused by contaminated food.

Subtopic: Communicable Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are communicable diseases? Give two examples.

2. Explain the transmission of communicable diseases through contaminated food and
water.
One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Diseases caused by microorganisms are called ___________ diseases.
2. ___________ and ___________ are examples of communicable diseases
transmitted through contaminated food.
3. Malaria and ___________ are common communicable diseases.
• Name the Following:
1. Name a communicable disease transmitted by mosquitoes.
2. Name a disease that spreads through droplets during coughing or sneezing.

Subtopic: Non-communicable Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are non-communicable diseases? Give two examples.

2. How are non-communicable diseases different from communicable diseases?

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Non-communicable diseases do not spread through ___________ or
___________.
2. ___________ and ___________ are examples of non-communicable diseases.
• Name the Following:
1. Name a non-communicable disease caused by a malfunctioning organ.
2. Name a lifestyle-related non-communicable disease.

Topic 7.3: Modes of Transmission of Communicable Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. Describe the direct transmission of diseases. Give two examples.

2. What are the various modes of indirect transmission of diseases? Explain with
examples.

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Diseases caused by direct contact include ___________ and ___________.
2. Indirect transmission can occur through ___________ or ___________.
3. Diseases like malaria are spread by ___________ mosquitoes.
• Name the Following:
1. Name a disease transmitted by droplet infection.
2. Name a disease transmitted through an infected needle or syringe.
Subtopic: Vector-borne Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are vector-borne diseases? Explain with two examples.

2. How do mosquitoes spread malaria? Explain the life cycle of the protozoan causing it.

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Malaria is spread by the ___________ mosquito.
2. ___________ is a protozoan responsible for causing malaria.
• Name the Following:
1. Name a vector responsible for spreading diseases in humans.
2. Name any disease caused by a vector-borne microorganism.

Subtopic: Air-borne Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are air-borne diseases? Give two examples.

2. How are bacteria and viruses transmitted through air? Explain with examples.

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Common cold and ___________ are examples of air-borne diseases.
2. ___________ and ___________ are the most common disease-causing
microorganisms in the air.
• Name the Following:
1. Name any airborne disease caused by a virus.
2. Name a disease transmitted by air during coughing or sneezing.

Subtopic: Water-borne Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are water-borne diseases? Mention any two diseases caused by contaminated
water.
2. How does water contamination lead to the spread of diseases?

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

 1. Typhoid and ___________ are examples of water-borne diseases.
2. Water gets contaminated by ___________, ___________, and ___________.
• Name the Following:
1. Name a water-borne disease caused by bacteria.
2. Name one disease caused by drinking contaminated water.

Subtopic: Food-borne Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are food-borne diseases? Explain how food contamination leads to illness.
2. What precautions should be taken to avoid food-borne diseases?

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. ___________ and ___________ are examples of food-borne diseases.
2. Food can get contaminated by ___________ and ___________.
• Name the Following:
1. Name a food-borne disease caused by bacteria.
2. Name any food that should not be consumed if it is exposed to flies or dust.

ANSWERS
Chapter: Health and Hygiene

Topic 7.1: Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. Define disease. What are the different factors responsible for causing diseases?
o Disease is a condition in which the body's systems do not function well. It is
also called sickness or illness. The factors responsible for causing diseases
include:
▪ Infection caused by microorganisms
▪ Malfunctioning of one or more organs
▪ Allergic reactions
▪ Lack of nutrients in the diet
▪ Consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and narcotics
2. Explain the role of microorganisms in causing diseases.
o Microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa can invade the
body, multiply, and release toxins, leading to diseases. They can enter the
body through food, water, air, or physical contact.

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. A disease is also called sickness or illness.
2. Malnutrition is caused by a lack of nutrients in the diet.
3. Tobacco and alcohol are examples of substances that can cause diseases.
• Name the Following:
1. Hepatitis is caused by a malfunctioning organ (liver).
2. Hay fever is caused by an allergic reaction.

Topic 7.2: Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. Differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases.

o Communicable diseases can spread from one person to another through direct
or indirect contact. Examples include tuberculosis, cholera, and malaria.
o Non-communicable diseases do not spread from one person to another. They
are often related to lifestyle factors or malfunctioning organs. Examples
include diabetes, cataracts, and bronchitis.
2. How are communicable diseases transmitted? Explain with examples.
o Communicable diseases are transmitted through various methods:
▪ Direct contact: Diseases like leprosy and conjunctivitis spread through
skin-to-skin contact.
▪ Droplet infection: Diseases like tuberculosis and whooping cough
spread through droplets released by coughing or sneezing.
▪ Infected food and water: Cholera and typhoid spread through
contaminated water.
▪ Vectors: Malaria spreads via the bite of an infected mosquito.

One Mark Questions:

 • Fill in the Blanks:
1. Communicable diseases are transmitted directly or indirectly.
2. Non-communicable diseases cannot be transmitted directly or indirectly.
3. Cholera and typhoid are examples of communicable diseases.
• Name the Following:
1. Diabetes and cancer are examples of non-communicable diseases.
2. Cholera is caused by contaminated food or water.

Subtopic: Communicable Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are communicable diseases? Give two examples.

o Communicable diseases are diseases that can spread from one person to
another through direct or indirect contact. Examples: Tuberculosis and
Cholera.
2. Explain the transmission of communicable diseases through contaminated food
and water.
o Communicable diseases like Typhoid and Cholera spread through
contaminated food and water. If food or water gets polluted with disease-
causing microorganisms from sewage, it can lead to infection when consumed.

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Diseases caused by microorganisms are called infectious diseases.
2. Typhoid and dysentery are examples of communicable diseases transmitted
through contaminated food.
3. Malaria and tuberculosis are common communicable diseases.
• Name the Following:
1. Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes.
2. Tuberculosis spreads through droplets during coughing or sneezing.

Subtopic: Non-communicable Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are non-communicable diseases? Give two examples.

o Non-communicable diseases are diseases that do not spread from person to
person. Examples: Cancer and Diabetes.
2. How are non-communicable diseases different from communicable diseases?
o Non-communicable diseases do not spread through physical contact or the
environment, unlike communicable diseases that can be transmitted through
direct or indirect contact.

One Mark Questions:

 • Fill in the Blanks:
1. Non-communicable diseases do not spread through direct or indirect contact.
2. Cancer and asthma are examples of non-communicable diseases.
• Name the Following:
1. Cirrhosis is caused by a malfunctioning liver.
2. Chronic bronchitis is a non-communicable disease caused by smoking.

Topic 7.3: Modes of Transmission of Communicable Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. Describe the direct transmission of diseases. Give two examples.

o Direct transmission occurs through physical contact between an infected
person and a healthy person, such as through skin-to-skin or mucosa-to-skin
contact. Examples: Leprosy and Eczema.
2. What are the various modes of indirect transmission of diseases? Explain with
examples.
o Indirect transmission occurs when microorganisms are spread through
intermediaries such as insects or contaminated objects. Examples include:
▪ Mosquitoes spreading Malaria.
▪ Houseflies spreading Typhoid.
▪ Contaminated water causing Cholera.

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Diseases caused by direct contact include leprosy and eczema.
2. Indirect transmission can occur through mosquitoes or flies.
3. Diseases like malaria are spread by mosquitoes.
• Name the Following:
1. Rabies is transmitted through a dog bite.
2. AIDS can be transmitted through blood transfusions.

Subtopic: Vector-borne Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are vector-borne diseases? Explain with two examples.

o Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by vectors like mosquitoes and flies.
Examples:
▪ Malaria (spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes).
▪ Dengue (spread by Aedes mosquitoes).
2. How do mosquitoes spread malaria? Explain the life cycle of the protozoan
causing it.
o Female Anopheles mosquitoes bite an infected person, ingesting the
protozoan Plasmodium. The parasite multiplies in the mosquito’s gut and,
 when the mosquito bites another person, the parasite enters their bloodstream,
causing malaria.

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Malaria is spread by the Anopheles mosquito.
2. Plasmodium is the protozoan responsible for causing malaria.
• Name the Following:
1. Housefly is a vector for diseases like typhoid.
2. Aedes mosquito is responsible for spreading yellow fever.

Subtopic: Air-borne Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are air-borne diseases? Give two examples.

o Air-borne diseases are caused by bacteria or viruses that spread through the
air. Examples: Common cold and Whooping cough.
2. How are bacteria and viruses transmitted through air? Explain with examples.
o When an infected person coughs or sneezes, bacteria and viruses are released
into the air. These microorganisms are then inhaled by healthy individuals.
Examples: Influenza and Tuberculosis.

One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Common cold and whooping cough are examples of air-borne diseases.
2. Bacteria and viruses are the most common disease-causing microorganisms
in the air.
• Name the Following:
1. Tuberculosis is an airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
2. Influenza is caused by a virus.

Subtopic: Water-borne Diseases

Two Marks Questions:

1. What are water-borne diseases? Mention any two diseases caused by

contaminated water.
o Water-borne diseases are caused by drinking contaminated water. Examples:
Typhoid and Cholera.
2. How does water contamination lead to the spread of diseases?
o Water gets contaminated by sewage, industrial waste, and excreta from
infected individuals, and drinking this water can cause diseases such as
Typhoid and Diarrhoea.
One Mark Questions:

• Fill in the Blanks:

1. Typhoid and Cholera are examples of water-borne diseases.
2. Water gets contaminated by **

sewage** and industrial waste.

• Name the Following:

1. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae.
2. Dysentery is caused by bacteria or amoebae present in contaminated water.