MOUNTZION COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

TITLE: RASPBERRY PI BASED SECURITY SYSTEM

REG NO:911722105003
DEPT OF EEE III YEAR
SUB : EMBEDDED
PROCESSOR LABORATORY
S.NO: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO

1 ABSTRACT 3

2 CHAPTER ONE 4

3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 5

4 CHAPTER 2 6

5 Arduino Based Home 7

Security System

6 Raspberry Pi Based 9
Surveillance System

7 The Raspberry Pi 10

8 Hardware Architecture of 13
the Security Systems Based
on Raspberry Pi
 ABSTRACT

As an essential constituent of many associations’ security and

safety precedence, video surveillance has established its
importance and benefits numerous times by providing immediate
supervising of possessions, people, environment and property.
This project deals with the design approach of an Embedded
Real-Time Surveillance System Based Raspberry Pi SBC for
intruder detection that reinforces surveillance technology to
provide essential security to our life and associated control and
alert operations.

The proposed security solution hinges on our novel integration of

cameras and motion detectors into web application. Raspberry Pi
operates and controls motion detectors and video cameras for
remote sensing and surveillance, streams live video and records
it for future playback. This research is focused on developing a
surveillance system that detects strangers and to response
speedily by capturing and relaying images to owner based
wireless module.
This Raspberry Pi based Smart Surveillance System presents the
idea of monitoring a particular place in a remote area. The
proposed solution offers a cost effective ubiquitous surveillance
solution, efficient and easy to implement.
 CHAPTER ONE

Problem Statement :

The need to develop a cost effective surveillance system through

innovative technology immensely influenced the development of
this project. This project will design and implement a security
system based on Raspberry Pi microcomputer.

The system should be able to detect motion (intruder), activate a

camera to take frames of video after motion is sensed and then
send an alert to the facility owner through electronic mail plus
an image attachment. The cost of installation of any security
system depends on several factors. First, the type of camera
being used is of great consideration.

A typical digital camera e.g. CCTV and IP camera with an LCD

costs about US $ 450 [25] (different brands can differ on prices)
while the Raspberry Pi SBC together with its camera module is
estimated at US$ 80[25]. Another aspect of this project is to
present an idea of monitoring and tracking of an intruder through
the use of a camera. Any object passing through the field of view
of camera will be detected then tracked in case the object
attempts to move any body part.
Scope of the project

This project is focused on developing a surveillance

system that detects motion and to respond speedily by
capturing an image and relaying it to an administrator
device through the internet platform.
The system will require Raspberry Pi module, motion
detection sensor, camera and 2 internet connection.
It will come up with an implementation of a surveillance
system which presents the idea of monitoring a particular
place in remote areas.
The system can be monitored by the user form anywhere
in the world. However, this project will not attempt to
design the motion detection device, camera or the
Raspberry PI. It will therefore use these systems together
with a suitable program script to accomplish a real time
surveillance system as desired.

Justification :

The security system to be designed in this project can be used

extensively to monitor facilities by owners. The owner shall be
able to monitor their property from wherever they are in the
world. It will not replace the use of CCTV and camera
surveillance systems but reduce the cost of implementation
 CHAPTER TWO

Evolution of Security:

first patent on electro-magnetic alarms meant that businesses

and wealthy residents could secure valuables. Magnetic contacts
were installed on the windows and doors that, when tripped,
would send a signal through the electromagnetic wiring and
sound an alarm. These groundbreaking security systems were
effective in deterring break-ins from occurring.

According to Cisco Expo, major strides have been made with

regards to surveillance systems. After the alarm system, analog
video camera with Video Cassette Recorder evolved. It had poor
imaging and no remote access.

To overcome the drawbacks of this system, digital video

recorders evolved. They gave good quality pictures and enable
for transmission of video signals through data networks and thus
allowed for remote monitoring

. Network Video Recorder then emerged. They have the

advantages of the DVRs but have other merits over DVRs. They
give more storage options and network connection. The most
superior version is the type that uses Cisco Video Surveillance
Platform. They give secure remote access and control from
anywhere, fail-safe redundant storage, easy integration with
other systems
Security System Definition :
Security literally means a way or method by which something is
secured through a system of interworking components and
devices. On the other hand, security systems are networks of
integrated electronic devices working together with a central
control panel to protect against burglars and other potential
intruders.

Security systems work on the simple concept of securing entry

points into a home with sensors that communicate with a control
panel or command center installed in a convenient location.

The sensors are typically placed in entrances as well as easily

accessible windows. A typical home security system has the
following components: A control panel, which is the primary
controller of a security system, door and window sensors,
motion sensors, wired or wireless security cameras, high-
decibel siren or alarm and window stick
Arduino Based Home Security System :
This security system project deals with the design and
development of a theft control system for home, which is being
used to prevent/control any theft attempt. The developed system
makes use of an embedded system comprising of an open
hardware microcontro
microcontroller(Arduino)
ller(Arduino) and a modem based on
Global System for Mobile communication (GSM)
. The designed and developed system can be installed in the
home. An interfacing intrusion detector unit is also connected to
the microcontroller-based
based security system. The sy
system
stem thus
incorporates a passive infrared sensor (PIR) for motion
detection. In case of an intrusion attempt, a warning message is
being transmitted by the system (as an sms) to the owner’s
mobile phone, or to any pre
pre-configured
configured mobile phone number for
further processing.
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) Security System:

Video surveillance is the use of video cameras to transmit a

signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs
from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly
transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to
multipoint, or mesh wireless links.[14] In the U.S. the first
commercial closed-circuit television system became available in
1949, called Vericon[15].

Operation of a CCTV Security System:

The simplest system is a camera connected directly to a monitor

by a coaxial cable with the power for the camera being provided
from the monitor[16]. The outdoor or indoor camera take several
images per second and thus cannot be differentiated by human
eye.
The images are then transferred via a coaxial cable or optic fibre
to a computer placed in a secure location. This computers are
monitored by security personnel and responds to any improper
behaviors’[17].
These systems have been incorporated with alarm systems so
as to send out an alert in case of a security bridge. Two types of
CCTV storage exist; VCR and DVR. The DVR system is more
superior as it can be able to transmit digitized video signals over
the data networks and thus can allow for remote control and
monitoring of the system.
Raspberry Pi Based Surveillance System
A raspberry pi can be used to implement a security system with
motion detection, image processing and alert mechanism. The
alert ought to contain a time lapse photo or video and
transmitted over the internet. This thus will enable the users to
monitor the homes from anywhere in the world.

 Raspberry Pi SBC model

 Pi camera/USB Camera
 PIR sensor
 WiFi Dongle Monitor/laptop
The Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi is a Linux based microcomputer based on ARM

architecture[24]. It was built mainly to aid in developing open
source game. The device is estimated to cost about $35 [30]
depending on the model.
Raspberry Pi Operating Systems

An operating system makes Raspberry Pi run. Since Raspberry

Pi is a credit sized computer that is based on Linux, optimum
performance of RPI can be achieved if it is therefore operated in
this environment. Raspbian provides more than a pure OS:
it comes with over 35,000 packages, pre compiled software
bundled in a nice format for easy installation on RPI[25].
Important to note is that the Raspberry Pi does not operate in a
Windows environment. To get access to Pi from windows we
require Putty Software. Putty is an SSH and TelNet client
The Pi Camera Module.
The Camera Board on the Raspberry Pi is a small printed circuit board
with a camera on it. The PCB is connected to a ribbon cable which
connects to the Pi itself on its own port. The ribbon can be extendable. The
camera on the board is very small (5MP camera)[25]. As for now it is the
only Camera made specifically for the Pi therefore these specifications
cannot be updated. Since it uses 250mA, externally powering the Pi should
be sufficient enough for the camera[27].Specific configuration settings are
required to initialize the camera plus a Python script to enable it take
pictures.
Principle of operation of a PIR Sensor:

An individual PIR sensor detects changes in the amount of

infrared radiation impinging upon it, which varies depending on
the temperature and surface characteristics of the objects in
front of the sensor [28]. When an object, such as a human,
passes in front of the background, such as a wall, the
temperature at that point in the sensor's field of view will rise
from room temperature to body temperature, and then back
again
Hardware Architecture of the Security Systems
Based on Raspberry Pi
THANK YOU