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25 views11 pages

Untitled 1

Uploaded by

rkpalacharla84
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VERIFICATION

OF HOOKE’S LAW
INTRODUCTION
Stress:

Stress is a physical quantity that measures the force


acting on a material per unit area.
stress=force
area

Its S.I. units are N/m2

It is represented by
symbols σ and τ

There are different types of


stress:

1)Longitudinal stress
2)Shear stress
3)Bulk stress
4)Normal stress and etc.
Strain:

Strain is ratio of change in dimentions of body under


stress to the original dimentions.
Strain= change in dimention
original dimention
here dimention can be length, area or volume

It has no S.I. unit as it is ratio of two same dimention

It is represented by
Greek letter epsilon-ε

There are different types


of strain:

1)Longitudinal strain
2)Lateral strain
3)Volumetric strain
4)Shear strain
Elasticity:

The ability of a deformed body to return to its original


state is called elasticity and its a property of body by virtue

Plasticity:

The ability of a deformed body to stay in its deformed


shape is called plasticity.

There is no 100% elastic or plastic body.

Hooke’s law:

Hooke’s law states that stress applied on a body is directly


proportional to strain produced in it.

stress∝ strain
stress=k strain
k - λ(modulus of elasticity)

stress = λ
strain
λ- Modulus of Elasticity (constant):
It is ratio of stress applied on a body to the strain
produced in it. It is property of a body by virtue.

It is independent of length, area of cross-section and


force applied.

It depends only on material of the body.

Its S.I. unit is pascal(Pa).

Young’s Modulus:

It is a type of Modulus of Elasticity. It is ratio of


longitudinal stress to the strain of the body.

it is represented by Y or E
Y=σ
ε

It also depends only on material of body.


Experimental verification of Hooke’s
law

Objective:
To verify Hooke's law - Hooke's law states that the extent
to which an elastic material will change size and shape under
stress is directly proportional to the amount of stress applied
to it.

Theory:
Materials Required:

1)Hang a spring from a horizontal metal rod.

2)Attach a mass hanger directly to the bottom of the


hanging spring and record the position of the bottom of the
mass hanger relative to a meter stick.

3)Hang a weight from the spring and wait for it to


come to rest.

4)Record the final position of the mass hanger.

5)Calculate increase in length and and note in the


"Observation Table".

6)Repeat the above steps with different weights.

7)Plot a graph with your readings. Force applied


(mass X gravity) vs Increase in length (Initial length - Final
Length).
The weights used were 2kg,5kg,8kg and 10kg.
Observation no. Weight in kg Elongation in cm

1) 2 1.6

2) 5 4

3) 8 6.4

4) 10 8

This above observation table readings are all for same spring.

as F=kdx
k=F/dx
so
F1 =F2 =F3 = F4
dx1 dx2 dx3 dx4
And this condition is satisified.
The graph plotted between force(stress) and
displacement(strain) is a straight line

therefore, Hooke’s law is proved.


Uses of Hooke’s Law:

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