M1.

(a) 450
allow 1 mark for correct substitution,
ie 18 × 10 × 2.5 provided no subsequent step shown
2

(b) (i) friction between child (‘s clothing) and slide

accept friction between two insulators
accept child rubs against the slide
accept when two insulators rub (together)
1

causes electron / charge transfer (between child and slide)

accept specific reference, eg electrons move onto / off the
child / slide
reference to positive electrons / protons / positive charge /
atoms transfer negates this mark
answers in terms of the slide being initially charged score
zero
1

(ii) all the charges (on the hair) are the same (polarity)
accept (all) the charge/hair is negative / positive
accept it is positive/negative
1

charges / hairs are repelling

both parts should be marked together
1

(iii) charge would pass through the metal (to earth)

accept metal is a conductor
accept metal is not an insulator
accept there is no charge / electron transfer
accept the slide is earthed
accept metals contain free electrons
1
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
M2. (a) (i) Ends have charge
Which is opposite on each rod
2

(ii) Attracts
1

(b) (i) Repulsion

1

(ii) Ends have same charge

1

(c) Electrons move between cloth and rod

Where gather is negative
Where move from is positive
3
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
M3. (a) clothing and seat rub together
accept friction between clothing and seat
1

electrons transfer from seat to driver

or

electrons transfer from driver to seat

accept electrons transfer on its own if first mark scores
an answer in terms of rubbing, between clothing and seat
and charge transfer without mention of electrons gains 1
mark
an answer in terms of friction / rubbing and electron transfer
without mention of clothing and seat gains 1 mark
1

(b) (i) how wet the air is affects charge (build up)
accept humidity affects charge

or

damp air is a better conductor

or

damp air has a lower resistance

do not accept fair test or as a control unless explained
1

(ii) No – it was only the lowest under these conditions

accept answer in terms of changing the conditions may
change the results

or

No – there are lots of other materials that were not tested

or

Yes – the highest value for cotton is smaller than the lowest value for
the other materials
do not accept results show that it is always less / smallest
1
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
M4. (a) 3rd box

The negative charge in the water is repelled by the rod and

the positive charge is attracted.
1

(b) (i) friction between bottles and conveyor belt / (plastic) guides
accept bottles rub against conveyor belt / (plastic) guides
1

charge transfers between bottles and conveyor belt / (plastic) guides

accept specific reference
eg electrons move onto / off the bottles
reference to positive electrons / protons negates this mark
1

(ii) an atom that has lost / gained electron(s)

do not accept a charged particle
1

(iii) charge will not (easily) flow off the conveyor belt
accept the conveyor belt / bottle is an insulator / not a
conductor
accept conveyor belt is rubber
1
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
M5. (a) electrons transfer / removed
do not accept negatively charged atoms for electrons
this only scores if first mark given
1

to the rod / from the cloth

this does not score if there is reference to any original
charge on cloth or rod
‘it’ refers to the rod
accept negative charge transfer to rod / removed from cloth
for 1 mark
transfer of positive charge / positive electrons scores zero
1

(b) (i) rods / charges repel

1

creating downward / extra force (on the balance)

accept pushing (bottom) rod downwards
do not accept increasing the weight / mass
charges attracting scores zero
1

(ii) the (repulsion) force increases as the distance between the chargesdecreases
accept there is a negative correlation between (repulsion)
force and distance between chargesor(repulsion) force and
distance between charges are inversely proportional
for both marks
examples of 1 mark answers
force increases as distance decreases
force and distance are inversely proportional
negative correlation between force and distance
repels more as distance decreases
if given in terms of attracting or attraction force this mark
does not score
2
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
M6. (a) (i) friction between the beads and pipe
accept beads rub against the pipe
1

(cause) electrons to transfer

accept electrons are lost/gained
do not accept negatively charged atoms for electrons
3rd mark point only scores if 2nd mark scores
1

from the pipe

do not accept from the (negatively) charged pipe
orto the beads
do not accept to the (positively) charged beads
accept negative charge transfer to the beads for 1 mark
provided 2nd or 3rd marking point not awarded
mention of positive charge transfer negates last 2 marking
points
1

(ii) volume of beads

accept (75)cm3
or
length of pipe
accept use the same pipe

or
speed the beads are poured
poured the same way is insufficient
or
angle of pipe
1

(b) (i) the larger the beads the less charge

do not accept inversely proportional
negative correlation is insufficient
1

(ii) (total) charge decrease

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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 results would be lower/smaller would be insufficient
1

beads in contact with pipe (walls) for less time

accept less contact (between beads and pipe)
accept beads in pipe for less time
or
smaller surface area (to rub against)
accept less pipe to rub against
less friction is insufficient
1

(c) (i) (pumping very) fine powders

reason only scores if (very) fine powders given

greater charge (build up)

accept more static (electricity)
accept an answer that correctly relates back to the
experimental data
orhigher pd/voltageorgreater energy
accept larger surface area to volume (ratio)
1

(ii) idea of earthing (the pipe)

accept use metal pipes
do not accept use larger particles
1

(d) to compare (the relative risks)

fair test is insufficient
you can only have one
independent variable is insufficient
ordifferent conditions change the MIE value
accept different conditions change the results
do not accept avoid bias
1
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
M7. (a) 3rd box
The negative charge in the water is repelled by the rod and the positive charge is attracted
to the rod.
1

(b) (i) friction between bottles and conveyor belt / (plastic) guides
accept bottles rub against conveyor belt / (plastic) guides
1

charge transfers between bottles and conveyor belt / (plastic) guides

accept specific reference eg electrons move onto / off the
bottles
reference to positive electrons / protons negates this mark
1

(ii) (the atom) loses or gains one (or more) electrons

1

(iii) charge will not (easily) flow off the conveyor belt / bottles
accept the conveyor belt / bottles is an insulator / not a
conductor accept conveyor belt is rubber
1
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com