DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.

CLASS ASSIGNMENT-1

CLASS: OD22CE-3
COURSE/DEPT: CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
MODULE CODE&TITLE: BUILDING SERVICES AND MAINTENANCE.
GROUP PARTICIPANTS: GROUP 5

S/N FULL NAME REG.NO

1 GRACE RICHARD MDINDILE 220921317822
2 HENRICO SIMON CHIWANGU 220121307625
3 MARTINI JOSEPH MCHEMBE 220121493385
4 FAHIM SALIM OMARY 220121414969
5 BRIGHTON MLAKI 220121397949
6 JACKLINE MBAGALA 220121475176
7 GRACE ATUGONZA 220121495620
8 GLORIA MALILA HAMZA 220121302352

MAINTENANCE

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 Maintenance is the process used to hold, keep, sustain or preserve the building or structure to
an acceptable standard or normal functioning conditions. Acceptable standard is defined as one,
which sustains the Utility and value of the facility.

TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
Main types of maintenance

1. Preventive Maintenance
The maintenance carried at predetermined intervals or corresponding to prescribed
criteria and intended to reduce the probability of failure or the performance degradation of an
item.

2. Corrective Maintenance
The maintenance carried out after a failure has occurred and intended to restore an item
to a state in which it can perform its required function.

3. Predictive maintenance
Uses data analysis to predict when maintenance should be performed. Example vibration
analysis and thermal imaging to assess equipment condition.

Other types
4. Emergency Maintenance
The maintenance activity, which is required to put in hand immediately to avoid serious
consequences. This is sometimes referred to as day-to-day maintenance, resulting from such
incidents as gas leakages and gale damage.

5. Condition-based Maintenance
The preventive maintenance initiated because of knowledge of the condition of an item
from routine or continuous monitoring.

6. Scheduled Maintenance
The preventive maintenance carried out to a predetermined interval of time, number of
operations.

In general, maintenance is classified as:

1. Major repair or restoration.
2. Periodic maintenance.
3. Routine or day-to-day maintenance.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DECISION TO CARRY

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OUT MAINTENANCE
The prime aim of maintenance is to preserve a building in its initial stage, as far as
practicable, so that it effectively serves its purpose.

Some of the main purposes of maintaining structures are:

1. Retaining value of investment.
2. Maintaining the building in a condition in which it continues to fulfill its function, and
3. Presenting a good appearance.
The amount of necessary building maintenance work could be reduced by improved methods of
design, specification, construction, and feedback of maintenance data to designers.

MAINTENANCE NEEDS
 Proper maintenance is cheaper, quicker and easier than major repairs.
 Every building, through neglect and deterioration, faces certain death from progressive
decay.

Effective maintenance management involves many skills including:

 The technical knowledge and experience necessary to identify maintenance needs and to
specify the right remedies.
 An understanding of modern management techniques.
 Knowledge of property and contract law.
 An appreciation of the relevant sociological and economic aspect.

CRITERIA INFLUENCING THE DECISION TO CARRY OUT MAINTENANCE

ACTIVITIES
i. Costs.
ii. Age of property.
iii. Availability of Physical resources.
iv. Future use.
v. Social considerations.
vi. Technological advancement.

Functions of maintenance
i. To ensure the safety of occupants, visitors and the general public.
ii. To maintain services, such as heating, lighting, escalators and fire alarm systems.
iii. To maintain decorative surfaces and carry out adequate cleaning.
iv. To prevent or diminish significantly deterioration of the fabric.

NATURE OF MAINTENANCE

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Main Components:
 Servicing.
 Rectification.
 Replacement.
 Renovations.

 Servicing
This is a cleaning operation undertaken at regular intervals and is sometimes termed day-
to-day maintenance.
Example;
 Floor swept daily and polished weekly.
 Windows washed monthly.
 Painting for decoration and protection every 5 years.

 Rectification
Occurs early in the life of the building and arises from default in design, inherent faults
or unsuitability of components, damage of goods in transit or installation and incorrect assembly.
Objective of rectification is to ensure that components and materials are suitable for their
purpose and are correctly installed.

 Replacement
It is inevitable because service conditions cause materials to decay at different rates.
Most replacement work is carried out not so much from Physical breakdown of the materials or
element as from deterioration of appearance.
Thus, the length of acceptable life often involves a subjective judgment of aesthetics of
change.
Determining the durability or length of life of a material is a very difficult technological
problem but it can be obtained through.
i. Observing materials in the building.
ii. Simulated exposure or use.

Replacement can be reduced by the use of better quality of materials and components.

 Renovations
It consists of work done to restore a structure, service and equipment by a major overhaul to the
original design and specification, or to improve on the original design.

BUILDING MAINTENANCE

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 This is the work undertaken to keep, restore, or improve every facility that is every part of a
building, its services to an agreed standard determined by the balance between used and
available resources.
Maintaining various services in a building is essential for ensuring safety, comfort, and
operational efficiency. The services that typically need regular maintenance in building are:

1. HVAC Systems
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems must be maintained to ensure proper
temperature control, air quality, and energy efficiency.
2. Electrical Systems
Regular maintenance of wiring, lighting, circuit breakers, and emergency power systems is
crucial for safety and functionality.
3. Plumbing Systems
Maintenance of pipes, fixtures, drainage systems, and water heaters to prevent leaks, clogs,
and water damage.
4. Fire Safety Systems
Fire alarms, sprinkler systems, and emergency exits must be regularly inspected and
maintained to ensure compliance with safety regulations.
5. Elevators and escalators
Routine checks and maintenance of elevators and escalators to ensure safe and efficient
operation.
6. Building Envelope
Maintenance of the roof, walls, windows, and doors to prevent leaks, insulation issues, and
structural deterioration.
7. Security Systems
Regular checks on surveillance cameras, access control systems, and alarms to ensure the
safety of occupants and property.
8. Grounds and Landscaping
Maintenance of outdoor areas, including landscaping, parking lots, and walkways, to ensure
safety and aesthetic appeal.

9. Waste Management Systems

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 Management and maintenance of waste disposal systems to ensure proper waste handling and
compliance with environmental regulations.
10. Interior Finishes
Maintenance of flooring, walls, and ceilings to sustain the building's aesthetic quality and
comfort.
11. Communication Systems
Maintenance of intercoms, telecommunication systems, and internet connectivity to ensure
effective communication within the building.

By ensuring regular maintenance of these services, building management can enhance safety,
comfort, and operational efficiency while extending the lifespan of the building.