Engineering Statistics Example - Tensile Strength of Polymer

Eight cylinders of a new polymer are tested for tensile strength (MPa)
26.4 In the 'DynamicSolution' sheet, calculate the following parameters and
27.2 From FEC I, Engineering Statistics I
28.2 Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, Standard Deviation of Mea
28.6 From FEC II, Engineering Statistics II
29.5 Median, Mode, Histogram, Percentile (Eqs 1 & 2 & Student T)
30.2 From FEC II, Engineering Statistics III
31.7 95 % Confidence Interval, Hypothesis Testing, Degrees of Freedo
32.9
Follow this Solution Path
A static solution for a practice data set is given in the 'StaticSolution' Sheet.
Some of the tensile strength values in the practice set are different from the blue sh
Add proper functions, cell references and live charts to 'DynamicSolution' sheet and compa
'DynamicSolution' sheet has information about the Excel functions to use
Replace answers in shaded cells with functions, formulas and cell references
Create 'live' charts (delete images after success)
Finally, replace practice data in DynamicSolution' sheet with values above (blue shaded ce
Solutions and charts should all update for new input values
Do not copy from other students, but you may compare sheets to confirm success.
To learn Excel functions, type '=', then the function name until it appears in list, double click

After you finish this problem, you may wish to:

Work problems BY HAND to study for exam
Compare your paper solutions to Excel solutions
Make sure you have all equations and procedures in your class notes
rength (MPa)
lowing parameters and create related charts

ard Deviation of Mean, Error Bars

1 & 2 & Student T)

g, Degrees of Freedom

n' Sheet.
different from the blue shaded cells above.
olution' sheet and compare to 'StaticSolution'
nctions to use
nd cell references

s above (blue shaded cells)

eets to confirm success.

pears in list, double click name on list, select 'fx' to right of Formula Bar.

lass notes
Tensile Strength of new Polymer, sample of eight
Static solution for practice data

Practice Data (MPa) Sample Parameters

26.5 Mean, x̄
27.1 Variance, s2
27.6 Standard Dev, s
28.6 Median, Md
29.5 Standard Error Mean, sx̄
30.1 Min
30.9 Max
32.8 Degrees of Freedom, df

Histogram and Mode - put continuous variable data into ranges

Range Frequency
26 to 28 3
28 to 30 2
30 to 32 2
32 to 34 1

Mode 26 to 28

Percentiles, Plotting Position

Tensile Strength Percentile, P (as fraction)
Mpa Sample (eq 1*) Pop. (eq 2*)
26.5 0.125 0.111
 27.1 0.25 0.222
27.6 0.375 0.333
28.6 0.5 0.444
29.5 0.625 0.556
30.1 0.75 0.667
30.9 0.875 0.778
32.8 1 0.889

Student T Distribution Percentile, Population Estimate

Percentile, P Tensile Strength, Mpa
(as Fraction) Percentile.Exc
0.025 24.13 NA
0.10 26.14 NA
0.20 27.24 26.98
0.30 27.98 27.45
0.40 28.58 28.2
0.50 29.14 29.05
0.60 29.69 29.74
0.70 30.30 30.34
0.80 31.03 31.28
0.90 32.13 NA
0.975 34.14 NA

Student T Distribution, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI)

 Half of Interval 1.77 MPa
L 27.37 MPa
U 30.91 MPa

( 27.4 Mpa £ m
We are 95 % confidence the population mean is in th

Could the population mean be 27? How about 29?

27 is significantly different from the population mean
29 is not significantly different from the population mean
Optional: Use Excel function if (nested)

Student T Distribution Error Bars

Mean or Median
Stud. T 95 5 Percentile (Median) 29.05
Stud. T 95 % CI (Mean) 29.14

Left error bar is about the Sample Median

Right error bar is about the Population Mean
Take care using Student T to get percentiles, Population may not follow Stude
Population Mean will follow Student T Distribution to some extent.
 29.14 MPa
4.48 MPa2
2.12 MPa
29.05 MPa
0.75 MPa
26.50 MPa
32.80 MPa
7

nto ranges

Related Excel Functions

Using 'Percentile.Exc' to estimate Tensile Strength
26.5
27.1
27.6
28.6
29.5
30.1
30.9
32.8
 30.9 Mpa ) w/ 95 % Confidence
population mean is in this range

Lower Int Upper Int

4.92 5.09
1.77 1.77
on may not follow Student T distribution
some extent.
Tensile Strength of new Polymer, sample of eight
Dynamic solution

Data (MPa)* Sample Parameters

26.4 Mean, x̄
27.2 Variance, s2
28.2 Standard Dev, s
28.6 Median, Md
29.5 Standard Error Mean, sx̄
30.2 Min
31.7 Max
32.9 Degrees of Freedom, df
*As delivered, has practice data and solution values. Once you have working

Histogram and Mode - put continuous variable data into ranges

Range Frequency Pts
26 to 28 2 2
28 to 30 3 2
30 to 32 2 2
32 to 34 1 2
Use Excel function "countifs "
(click fx, complete first array and criteria
& additional textboxes appear)

Mode 28 to 30 (Excel mode function will not work

(Just reference the cell with the an

Tensile Strength Percentile, P

Mpa Sample (eq 1*) Pop. (eq 2*)
 26.5 0.125 0.111
27.1 0.25 0.222
27.6 0.375 0.333
28.6 0.5 0.444
29.5 0.625 0.556
30.1 0.75 0.667
30.9 0.875 0.778
32.8 1 0.889
*Equations 1 & 2 from Eng Stat II webbook chapter
(Use Excel function rank to make this Live)

Student T Distribution Percentile, Population Estimate

Percentile, P Tensile Strength,
Percentile.Exc
Mpa
0.025 24.13
0.10 26.14
0.20 27.24 26.98
0.30 27.98 27.45
0.40 28.58 28.2
0.50 29.14 29.05
0.60 29.69 29.74
0.70 30.30 30.34
0.80 31.03 31.28
0.90 32.13
0.975 34.14
t = t.inv(P,df)
Take care using Student T to get percentiles, as the Population may not follow

Student T Distribution, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI)

 Half of Interval 1.77 MPa
L 27.37 MPa
U 30.91 MPa

( 27.4 Mpa £ m
We are 95 % confidence the populati

Could the population mean be 27? How about 29?

27 is significantly different from the population mean
29 is not significantly different from the population mean
Optional: Use Excel function IF (nested)

Student T Distribution Error Bars

Mean or Median
Stud. T 95 5 Percentile (Median) 29.05
Stud. T 95 % CI (Mean) 29.14

Left error bar is about the Sample

Right error bar is about the Population Mean
Take care using Student T to get percentiles, Population may not follow Stude
Population Mean will follow Student T Distribution to some extent, more so th
 Excel Functions/Equations Once you add functions/equations/cell-refe
Cell referrals update the values in the blue cells

Pts Excel Function

29.34 MPa 2 average
4.87 MPa2 2 var.s
2.21 MPa 2 stdev.s
29.05 MPa 2 median
0.78 MPa 2 NA (eq 1 from Eng Stat III webbook ch
26.40 MPa 2 min
32.90 MPa 2 max
7 2 count df = count - 1 = n - 1, where n = sa
Once you have working equations, cell references and live charts in place, replace b

nto ranges

<--Chart: 10 Pts

e function will not work here) <--4 Pts

ence the cell with the answer)

Related Excel Functions

Using 'Percentile.Exc' to estimate Tensile Strength
 26.5 (Using eq 2* Percentiles)
27.1
27.6
28.6
29.5
30.1
30.9
32.8
tat II webbook chapter
o make this Live)

Pts
This was the closest I could get....
40.00

2 35.00
30.00
2 25.00
2 20.00

2 15.00
10.00
2 5.00
2 0.00
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
2 Tensile Strength, Mpa Percentile.Exc

opulation may not follow Student T distribution

 t = t.inv.2t(0.05,df)
eq 2 from Eng Stat III
eq 3 from Eng Stat III

30.9 Mpa ) w/ 95 % Confidence <--CI: 6 Pts

Lower Int Upper Int

5.00 5.09 Pts: 2 each (8 total) Lower and Upper Ints
1.77 1.77 Differences between median and x' values for 0.0
Half of confidence Interval
HIROSHIS CHART
35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

<--Chart: 8 Pts 10.00

5.00

0.00
If you don't remember how to do this: google "excel
1 custom error bars"
2
on may not follow Student T distribution
some extent, more so the larger the sample.
ons/equations/cell-referrals & live charts,
n the blue cells

Stat III webbook chapter)

n - 1, where n = sample size (number of cylinders here)

in place, replace blue cells with sample data from left-most sheet.

<--Chart: 10 Pts

Pts
 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

1 1.2
<--Chart: 10 Pts
Upper Ints
nd x' values for 0.025 & 0.975 Percentiles

HART

WOULDN’T LET ME EDIT NAMES

m error bars"
2