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Circuits Analysis

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12 views21 pages

Circuits Analysis

Uploaded by

izeymerhmann
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CIRCUIT

ANALYSIS
How do circuits work?
What are the different
types of circuits?
What are the components of different circuit types?

connecting wires
Electric Circuit Symbols
Electric Circuit Formula

Quantity Formula Notations

I is the current Q is the charge flowing t


Electric current
is the time period

R is the resistance ρ is the resistivity


Resistance value of the wire L is the length of the
wire A is the cross-sectional area

Voltage V is the electric potential difference

P is the power ΔE is the energy gain or


Power
losst is the time period

Req is the total resistance of the


Series circuit resistors placed in series
R1, R2… are the resistors placed in series

Req is the total resistance of the resistors


placed in parallel
Parallel circuit
R1, R2… are the resistors placed in
parallel
CONCEPTS
RELATED TO
CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Ohm’s Law states that the voltage across a conductor is
directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided
all physical conditions and temperatures remain constant.

Georg Simon Ohm, a German physicist was


the first to verify Ohm’s law experimentally.
Water Pipe Analogy for Ohm’s Law
Experimental Verification of Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s Law Magic Triangle
Relationship Between
Voltage, Current and
Resistance

V - Voltage (V)
I - Current (A)
R - Resistance ( Ω)
Series and Parallel Circuits
Series and Parallel Circuits

Series Circuit
A circuit is said to be connected in series when the same current flows through all the components in
the circuit. In such circuits, the current has only one path. Let us consider the household decorative
string lights as an example of a series circuit. This is nothing but a series of multiple tiny bulbs
connected in series. If one bulb fuses, all the bulbs in the series do not light up.

Parallel Circuit
A circuit is said to be parallel when the electric current has multiple paths to flow through. The
components that are a part of the parallel circuits will have a constant voltage across all ends.
Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits
Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits

Series Parallel

The current flowing through each component


The same amount of current flows through all the
combines to form the current flow through the
components
source.

In an electrical circuit, components are arranged In an electrical circuit, components are arranged
in a line parallel to each other

When resistors are put in a series circuit, the


When resistors are put in a parallel circuit, the
voltage across each resistor is different even
voltage across each of the resistors is the
though the current flow is the same through all of
same. Even the polarities are the same
them.

Other components will function even if one


If one component breaks down, the whole circuit
component breaks down, each has its own
will burn out.
independent circuit

If Vt is the total voltage then it is equal to V1 + If Vt is the total voltage then it is equal to
V2 +V3 V1=V2=V3
Voltage and Current Division
Theorem
Voltage Division Rule

The voltage division rule formula


is given by,
Current Division Rule

The current division rule formula is


given by,
Kirchhoffs’s Law
The law states that the amount of current flowing into a node
is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of it.

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) - a German physicist, was born on March 12, 1824, in Konigsberg,
Prussia. His first research topic was the conduction of electricity. This research led to Kirchhoff formulating
the Laws of Closed Electric Circuits in 1845. These laws were eventually named after Kirchhoff and are now
known as Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws. Since these laws apply to all electric circuits, understanding
their fundamentals is paramount in understanding how an electronic circuit functions. Although these laws
have immortalised Kirchhoff in Electrical Engineering, he has additional discoveries. He was the first person to
verify that an electrical impulse travelled at the speed of light. Furthermore, Kirchhoff made a major
contribution to the study of spectroscopy, and he advanced the research into blackbody radiation.

What Are Kirchhoff’s Laws?

Gustav Kirchhoff, developed a pair of laws that deal with the conservation
of current and energy within electrical circuits. These two laws are
commonly known as Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Law. These laws help
calculate the electrical resistance of a complex network or impedance in
the case of AC and the current flow in different network streams. In the next
section, let us look at what these laws state.
Kirchhoff’s First Law or Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Kirchhoff’s Second Law or Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law


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