CHAPTER FOUR SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER FOUR SOLUTIONS

4.5 Summing the forces on the plane

a = 2 m/ s 2
shown gives
Σ F x = F - f = 10 N - f
= (0.20 kg)(2.0 m/s 2 ) . f F = 10 N
From which
f = 9.6 N

4.8 ( a ) We resolve the forces shown into +y

their components as F = 400 N
x comp y comp F = 450 N 10 ϒ 3 0ϒ 1
2
400 N: 200. N 346. N
450 N: -78.1 N 443. N +x
FR: 122 N 789 N
The magnitude of the resultant force is found from the Pythagorean
theorem as F R = ( Σ F x ) 2 + ( Σ F y ) 2 = (122 N) 2 + (789 N) 2 = 798 N,
ΣFy 789
and tanθ = = = 6.47, from which θ = 81.2°. Thus, the resul-
ΣFx 122
tant force is at an angle of 8.8° to the right of the forward direction.
( b ) The acceleration is in the same direction as F R and is given by
a = F R /m = 798 N/ 3000 kg = 0.266 m/s2 .

4.14 From Σ F x = 0, we have +y

110 N
W 2 cos α - (110 N) cos 40° = 0 (1) W
2
From Σ F y = 0, we have
W 2 sin α + (110 N) sin40° - 220 N = 0 (2) 40ϒ
α
Dividing (2) by (1) yields +x
149.3
tan α = = 1.772, or α = 60.55°.
84.26 220 N
Then, from either (1) or (2), W 2 = 171.4 N.

4.21 (a) The resultant external force acting on this +y

+x
system having a total N
mass of 6.0 kg is 42 N directed horizontally θ
toward the right. Thus, the F
F 42 N
acceleration produced is a =
m
=
6.0 kg
= 7.0 θ
m/s2. θ mg
The acceleration of the system is 7.0 m/s2
horizontally toward the
right.
(b) Draw a free body diagram of the 3.0 kg object and apply Newton's
second law to the horizontal forces acting on this object. This gives
Σ F x = m a x or 42 N - T = (3.0 kg)(7.0 m/s2 ), and therefore T = 21 N.
(c) The force accelerating the 2.0 kg object is the force exerted on it by
the 1.0 kg object. Therefore, this force is given by:
F = m a = (2.0 kg)(7.0 m/s2 ), or
 CHAPTER FOUR SOLUTIONS

F = 14 N directed horizontally toward the right.

4.25 First consider the block moving along T

+X
the horizontal. The only force in the
direction of movement is T . Thus
Σ F x = ma gives T
5 kg 1 0 kg
T = (5.00 kg)a . (1)
Next consider the block which moves +Y
vertically. The forces on it are the
tension T and its weight, 98 N. Thus, W = 98 N
Σ F y = ma = 98 N - T = (10.0 kg)a . (2) ( b)
( a)
Note that both blocks must have the
same magnitude of acceleration. Equations (1) and (2) can be solved
simultaneously to give.
a = 6.53 m/s2 , and T = 32.7 N
T T
1 2
4.28 First, consider the 3.00 kg rising mass. The
forces on it are the tension, T , and its weight, +
29.4 N. With the upward direction as Upper Lower
Block
positive, the second law becomes Block

T - 29.4 N = (3.00 kg)a. (1) m 1 = 10 kg m 2 = 10 kg

The forces on the falling 5.00 kg mass are its

weight and T , and its acceleration is the same
as that of the rising mass. Calling the T
2 W = 98 N
1 W = 98 N
2

positive direction down for this mass, gives T T

49 N - T = (5.00 kg)a. (2)
Equations (1) and (2) can be solved
simultaneously to give + Rising Falling
Mass Mass
( a ) the tension as T = 36.8 N,
m 1 = 3 kg + m 2 = 5 kg
( b ) and the acceleration as a = 2.45 m/s2 .
( c ) Consider the 3.00 kg mass. We have
1 W = 49 N
y = v o t + at2 = 0 + W1 = 2 9 .4 N 2
2
1
(2.45 m/s2 )(1.00 s) 2 = 1.23 m.
2
4.31 (a) Applying Newton's second law, the horizontal components of the
forces give Fcos20° - f = 0,
yielding a frictional force f = 300 cos20.0° = 282 N.
The vertical component equation is: N - F sin20° - W = 0,
yielding a normal force N = 300 sin20.0° + 1000 = 1103 N.
f 282
The coefficient of friction is then µk = = = 0.256
N 1103
(b) The vertical equation becomes F sin20.0° + N - w = 0, yielding a
normal force N = w - Fsin20.0° = 897 N.
The friction force now becomes f = µ k N = 0.256(897) = 230 N.
w
The horizontal component equation is F cos20.0° - f = m a = a. The
g
resulting acceleration is
(F cos20.0° - f) g (300cos20° - 230)9.80
a = = = 0.509 m/s2
w 1000
 CHAPTER FOUR SOLUTIONS

4.38 ( a ) The force of friction is found as f = µ k N = µ k m g .

Now, choose the positive direction of the x axis in the direction of
motion and apply the second law. We have:
- f = m a x , or a x = - f/m = µ k g .
Use v 2 = v o 2 + 2ax, with v = 0, v o = 50.0 km/h = 13.9 m/s. We have
(13.9 m/s) 2
0 = (13.9 m/s)2 +2(-µ k g)x, or x = . (1)
2µkg
With µ k = 0.100, this gives a value for x of x = 98.6 m
( b ) With µ k = 0.600, (1) above gives x = 16.4 m

4.49 ( a ) The friction force between the box and the truck bed causes the box
to move with the truck.
( b ) The maximum value of the acceleration the truck can have before
the box slides can be found by finding the maximum value of the
static friction force on the box. This is: f max = µ s N = µ s mg.
Thus, from Newton's Second Law,
a max = f max /m = µ s g = 0.300(9.80 m/s2 ) = 2.94 m/s2 .

4.55 ( a ) Apply the 2 n d law to the 10 kg block: fk = µkN N

T = (10 kg)a, (1)
and for the 20 kg block: 4 kg
50 N - T = (20 kg)a. (2) 55°
F mg
Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously:
T = 17 N,
and a = 1.7 m/s2 .
( b ) The friction force on the 10 kg block is:
f1 = µ k N = 0.1(98 N) = 9.8 N.
On the 20 kg block, we have f 2 = 0.1(196 N) = 19.6 N.
Thus, the second law for the 10 kg block is T - 9.8 N = (10 kg)a, (3)
and for the 20 kg block 50 N - T - 19.6 N = (20 kg)a. (4)
Solving (3) and (4) together, we have: T = 17 N, a = 0.69 m/s2 .

4.63 In the vertical direction, we have

(8000 N) sin 65° - w = 0, so w = 7250 N. 8000 N
w 7250 N 65°
m = = = 739.8 kg.
g 9.80 m/s2
Along the horizontal, the second law becomes,
w = mg
(8000 N) cos 65° = (739.8 kg)a x , so a x = 4.57 m/s2 .

T1 T1
300 N
4.67 Let M = mass of keg = = 30.6 a1 Bob & Keg &
g 5M 3M
900 N Kathy a1 Nails
kg. Then mass of Bob = = 3 M,
g 1500 N 900 N
and mass of Kathy = mass of nails = Figure 1
2M.
Also, the time to move 10 m from
 CHAPTER FOUR SOLUTIONS

1 20 m
rest is given by 10 m = 0 + at 2 , or t= . (1)
2 a
For downward trip of Bob and Kathy:
Apply Newton's 2 n d law to each object shown in Figure 1 to get:
1500 N - T 1 = (5M)a 1 , and T 1 - 900 N = (3M )a 1 , which yield
600 N 600 N
a1 = = = 2.45 m/s2 , and equation (1) gives
8M 244.8 kg
t 1 = 2.86 s as the time for this part of the trip.
After Bob lets go and Kathy starts T2 T2
toward the top, the 2 n d law applied a2 Keg &
2M Kathy a 3M
to each object shown in Figure 2 2 Nails
gives: 600 N 900 N
T 2 - 600 N = (2M )a 2, a n d Figure 2
900 N - T 2 = (3M)a 2 ,
300 N 300 N
which gives a 2 = = = 1.96 m/s2 . Then equation (1) yields
5M 153 kg
t 2 = 3.19 s as the time for this part.
When the nails spill and Kathy T3 T3
starts back down, the 2 n d law applied a3 Empty
to each object in Figure 3 yields: 2M Kathy a M
3 Keg
600 N - T 3 = (2M )a 3 , and
600 N 300 N
T 3 - 300 N = M a 3, giving Figure 3
300 N 100 N
a3 = = = 3.27 m/s2 , and equation (1) yields t3 = 2.47 s
3M 30.6 kg
as the time for this part of the motion. After Kathy lets go, the tension
in the rope is zero, and the empty keg falls freely (a = g) to the ground.
The time for this part is
20 m
t4 = = 1.43 s.
9.80 m/s2
The total time for the entire accident is t 1 + t 2 + t 3 + t 4 = 9.95 s.

ANSWERS TO EVEN ASSIGNED CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS

12. Any object will increase in speed any time there is a net force on it. Thus, there must be a net force
to produce a changing speed. A changing acceleration can be produced by a constant force acting on an
object that has a decreasing mass. This is happening to the rocket as it burns fuel.

18. Consider a boy sitting on a chair in the back of a truck when the truck begins to move forward. If the
boy is to move along with the truck, the force in the direction of motion to speed him up is the force of
friction between the chair and his pants. This force will be in the direction of motion of the truck and the
boy.