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14-Link Power Budget-08-10-2024

Link Power budget

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43 views32 pages

14-Link Power Budget-08-10-2024

Link Power budget

Uploaded by

bottleneck525
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Link Impairment consideration and

system design

Prof. Dr.G. Aarthi


Associate Professor ,
SENSE,VIT.
Overview
• In this section we develop a simple point-to-
point digital transmission link design
considering
– Link power budget calculations and
– Link rise time calculations

A link should satisfy both these budgets


Simple point-to-point link

This p-p link forms the basis for examining


more complex systems

System Requirements
1. Transmission Distance
2. Data Rate for a given BER
Selecting the Fiber
Bit rate and distance are the major factors
Other factors to consider: attenuation (depends on?)
and distance-bandwidth product (depends on?) cost
of the connectors, splicing etc.

Then decide
• Multimode or single mode
• Step or graded index fiber
Selecting the LED
LASER
Optical Source
• Emission wavelength
• Spectral line width and
number of modes
• Output power
• Stability
• Emission pattern
• Effective radiating area
Selecting the detector
• Type of detector
– APD: High sensitivity but complex, high bias voltage
(40V or more) and expensive
– PIN: Simpler, thermally stable, low bias voltage (5V or
less) and less expensive
• Responsivity (that depends on the avalanche gain
& quantum efficiency)
• Operating wavelength and spectral selectivity
• Speed and photosensitive area
• Sensitivity (depends on noise and gain)
Design Considerations
• Link Power Budget
– There is enough power margin in the system to
meet the given BER
• Rise Time Budget
– Each element of the link is fast enough to meet
the given bit rate

These two budgets give necessary conditions


for satisfactory operation
Link Power Budget

The link loss budget is derived from the sequential loss contributions of
each element in the link expressed in dB as

Optical power-loss model


Optical power-loss model

PT  Ps  PR  mlc  nlsp   f L  S ystem Margin

PT : Total loss; Ps : Source power; PR : Rx sensitivity


m connectors; n splices
Optical power-loss model

PT  Ps  PR  mlc  nlsp   f L  S ystem Margin


An optical system has the following characteristics:
LED power (Ps) = 2 mW (3 dBm)
LED to fiber loss (Lsf) = 3 dB
Fiber loss per km (FL) = 0.5 dB/km
Fiber length (L) = 40 km
Connector loss (Lconn) = 1 dB (one connector between two 20-km fiber lengths)
Fiber to detector loss (Lfd) = 3 dB
Receiver sensitivity (Pr) = –36 dBm
Find the loss margin.

PT [dB ]  Ps [dBm]  PR [dBm]


PT  2lc [dB ]   f [dB / km]  L[km]  System Margin

Lm = 3 dBm – 3 dB – (40 km × 0.5 dB/km) – 1 dB – 3 dB – (–36 dBm) = 12 dB


The optical power budget for a system is given by the following expression:

where Pi is the mean input optional power launched into the fiber, Po is the mean
incident optical power required at the receiver and CL (or CLD when there is a
dispersion–equalization penalty) is the total channel loss

When total channel loss is substituted,

αfc is the fiber cable loss in dB/km, αj is the loss due to joints (generally splices) in
dB/km , αcr is the connector loss in dB, Ma is the safety margin.

When Dispersion equalization penalty is included,

This allows the maximum link length without repeaters to be determined.


(a) When the system is operating at 35 Mbit s−1 an optical power budget may be performed using
(b) When the system is operating at 400 Mbit s−1 an optical power budget may be performed using
(c) Performing the optical power budget including dispersion-equalization penalty gives:

Thus there is a reduction of 3 km in the maximum possible link length without repeaters
Rise Time Budget
• Convenient method for determining the dispersion limitation of an
optical fiber link-Each element of the link is fast enough to meet the given bit rate.
• Total rise time depends on:
– Transmitter rise time (ttx)
– Group Velocity Dispersion (tGVD)
– Modal dispersion rise time (tmod)
– Receiver rise time (trx)
1 / 2
 n

t sy s  

 i  1
ti 2


Total rise time of a digital link should not exceed
70% for a NRZ bit period, and 35% of a RZ bit period
Rise Time
Rise Time…

t rx  350 /Brx ns; where


Brx is receiver bandwidth in MHz
Similarly

ttx  350 / Btx ns


Assuming both transmitter and receiver as first order
low pass filters
Modal Dispersion Rise Time

Bandwidth BM(L) due to modal dispersion of a


link length L is empirically given by,
BM ( L)  Bo / Lq
B0 is the BW of a 1 km length of cable(MHz-km
product) and q ~0.5-1 is the modal equilibrium
factor q
t mod (ns)  440 / BM  440 L / B0
Where B0 is in MHzKm, BM is in MHz
Group Velocity Dispersion
tGVD | D | L 
Where,
D is the dispersion parameter (ps/km.nm)
σλ is the half power spectral width of the source (nm)
L is the distance in km
1/ 2
2 2 440 2 q2
L 
t sys 2 2 2
 ttx  t rx  D   L  2
 B0
For an RZ pulse format,

Alternatively, for an NRZ pulse format

The bit rate


where τ is the pulse duration

Thus the upper limit on Tsyst should be less than 35% of the bit interval
for an RZ pulse format and less than 70% of the bit interval for an NRZ
pulse format.
Problem 1
An LED together with its drive circuit has a rise time of 15ns.Taking a typical LED spectral width
of 40nm, the material dispersion rise time degradation is 21ns over the 6-km link. Assuming the receiver
has a 25-MHZ bandwidth,
1.Find the rise time degradation from the receiver.
2. If the fiber we select has a 400-MHz.km bandwidth-distance product and with q=0.7, find the modal
dispersion-induced fiber rise time.
3.Calculate the total rise time of the link

t mod (ns)  440 / BM  440 Lq / B0


Problem 2
An optical fiber system is to be designed to operate over an 8 km length without repeaters.
The rise times of the chosen components are:
Source (LED) 8 ns
Fiber: intermodal 5 ns km−1
(pulse broadening) intramodal 1 ns km−1
Detector (p–i–n photodiode) 6 ns
From system rise time considerations, estimate the maximum bit rate that may be
achieved on the link when using an NRZ format.
Problem 3
An LED together with its drive circuit has a rise time of 0.025ns. Taking a typical LED spectral width
of 40nm, the material dispersion rise time degradation is 21ns over the 6-km link. Assuming the receiver
has a 25-MHZ bandwidth,
1.Find the rise time degradation from the receiver.
2. If the fiber we select has a 400-MHz.km bandwidth-distance product and with q=0.6, find the modal
dispersion-induced fiber rise time.
3.Calculate the total rise time of the link .
From system rise time considerations, estimate the maximum bit rate that may be
achieved on the link when using an RZ format.

���� = 25 ns
0.35
��(���) =
����

��(���) = 14 Mbits/s
Power conversion

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