B.

Tech 5th sem

Artificial Intelligence
(KAI - 501)

UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION
Topics
● Definition
● Future of AI
● Intelligent agents
● Characteristics of
Intelligent agents
● Typical Intelligent
Agents
● Problem Solving
Approach
 What is AI?

"It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent

machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able
to make decisions."

Artificial Intelligence exists

when a machine can have
human based skills such as
learning, reasoning, and
solving problems.
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
○ High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are prone to less errors
and high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.
○ High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making,
because of that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.
○ High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same
action multiple times with high accuracy.
○ Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as
defusing a bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be
risky.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

○ High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires
lots of maintenance to meet current world requirements.
○ Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they
cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are
trained, or programmed.
○ No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it
does not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with
human, and may sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.
○ No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new
ideas but still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and
cannot be creative and imaginative.
 Applications of AI

1. AI in Astronomy

Artificial Intelligence can be very useful to solve complex universe problems. AI technology can be helpful for understanding the universe
such as how it works, origin, etc

2. AI in Healthcare
○ In the last, five to ten years, AI becoming more advantageous for the healthcare industry and going to have a significant impact on
this industry.
○ Healthcare Industries are applying AI to make a better and faster diagnosis than humans. AI can help doctors with diagnoses and
can inform when patients are worsening so that medical help can reach to the patient before hospitalization.
3. AI in Gaming

○ AI can be used for gaming purpose. The AI machines can play strategic games like chess, where the machine needs to think of a large
number of possible places.
4. AI in Data Security

○ The security of data is crucial for every company and cyber-attacks are growing very rapidly in the digital world. AI can be used to
make your data more safe and secure. Some examples such as AEG bot, AI2 Platform,are used to determine software bug and
cyber-attacks in a better way.
 Applications of AI

5. AI in Social Media

○ Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat contain billions of user profiles, which need to be stored and
managed in a very efficient way. AI can organize and manage massive amounts of data. AI can analyze lots of data to identify the
latest trends, hashtag, and requirement of different users.

6. AI in Agriculture

○ Agriculture is an area which requires various resources, labor, money, and time for best result. Now a day's agriculture is becoming
digital, and AI is emerging in this field. Agriculture is applying AI as agriculture robotics, solid and crop monitoring, predictive analysis.
AI in agriculture can be very helpful for farmers.

7. AI in education

○ AI can automate grading so that the tutor can have more time to teach. AI chatbot can communicate with students as a teaching
assistant.
○ AI in the future can be work as a personal virtual tutor for students, which will be accessible easily at any time and any place.
Future of AI

In the future, AI will seamlessly integrate into our lives, driving automation and efficiency
across industries. Advanced machine learning will enable personalized experiences, while
ethical considerations will guide its responsible development. Collaboration between
humans and AI will unlock new frontiers, transforming the way we work, learn, and innovate.
 What is Agent?
An agent is like a smart entity that uses its sensors to understand what's happening around it and then does something
based on that information using its actuators.

○ Human-Agent: A human agent has eyes, ears, and other organs which work for sensors and hand, legs, vocal tract
work for actuators.
○ Robotic Agent: A robotic agent can have cameras, infrared range finder, NLP for sensors and various motors for
actuators.
○ Software Agent: Software agent can have keystrokes, file contents as sensory input and act on those inputs and
display output on the screen.
sensor

Environment
Agent
Actuator
Types of AI Agents

1-Simple Reflex Agent

The Simple reflex agents are the simplest agents. These agents take decisions on the basis of the current
percepts and ignore the rest of the percept history.

The Simple reflex agent does not consider any part of percepts history during their decision and action
process
Types of Agents

2-Model Based Reflex Agent

The Model-based agent can work in a partially observable environment, and track the situation.
These agents have the model, "which is knowledge of the world" and based on the model they perform actions.

Updating the agent state requires information about:

a. How the world evolves

b. How the agent's action affects the world
Types of Agents

3-Goal Based Agent

○ The knowledge of the current state environment is not always sufficient to decide for an agent to what
to do.
○ The agent needs to know its goal which describes desirable situations.
○ Goal-based agents expand the capabilities of the model-based agent by having the "goal" information.
○ They choose an action, so that they can achieve the goal
 Types of Agents

4- Utility Based Agent

○ These agents are similar to the goal-based agent but provide an extra component of utility measurement which
makes them different by providing a measure of success at a given state.
○ Utility-based agent act based not only goals but also the best way to achieve the goal.
○ The Utility-based agent is useful when there are multiple possible alternatives, and an agent has to choose in order
to perform the best action.
○ The utility function maps each state to a real number to check how efficiently each action achieves the goals.
Types of Agents

5- Learning Agent

○ A learning agent in AI is the type of agent which can learn from its past experiences, or it has learning
capabilities.
○ It starts to act with basic knowledge and then able to act and adapt automatically through learning.
 Problems Solving Approaches

1- Heuristics
2- Searching Algorithms
You Tube - CODER_SHIV