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Chemistry 29

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Chilsea bea Melendres
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6 views5 pages

Chemistry 29

Uploaded by

Chilsea bea Melendres
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group: 2 Date: 11/13/24

Course/Yr. & Sec: Mechanical Technology 1-F Rating:

Wet 1 Laboratory 1
Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds: A Hands-On Investigation

Group Members:
Kenneth Mabini
Lyndon Fuentes
Nash Rasty Aranzado
Earl Dominic Alburo
Chrismel E. Aclao
James Arthur Jorda
Jhon James Masandag

Objectives:
 Understand the banc differences between covalent and ionic bonds.
 Observe properties like solubility, conductivity, and melting points of simple
compounds.

Materials:
 Table salt (NaCl)
 Sugar (Sucrose or CoHnOn)
 Distilled water
 2 small beakers (or clear cups) Conductivity tester (neulog sensor and battery with
LED circuit)
 Hot plate
 Evaporating dish Stirring rod
 Timer
Procedure:

1. Briefly explain Ionic and Covalent Compounds


Ionic compounds formed when electrons are transferred between atoms and typically forms
of metal and non-metals while the covalent compounds formed when atoms share electrons
and it is composed of non-metals.

2. Observing Solubility
o Place 5g of salt in one beaker and 5g of sugar in the other.

o Prepare your timer and have it ready.


o Simultaneously add 5 ml of distilled water to each beaker.

o Begin stirring both beakers simultaneously and immediately start the timer as
you start stirring.
o Write your observation of what happens.

As the stirring begins, both sugar and salt slowly melted in each beaker,
respectively. The salt’s water shows its unclear color while the sugar’s water
changed into reddish-brown color. The salt melted faster than the sugar in a
warm distilled water.
3. Conductivity Test
o Insert the conductivity tester in the saltwater solution. Record your
observation and result.

o Test the sugar water. Record your observation and result.

o Observation: Record both observations with the result from the Neulog and
DIY conductivity tester.

SUGAR SALT
4. Melting Point Observation
o Put 2g of salt and 2g of sugar in a different evaporating dish.

o Gently heat both solutes to 180°C into the hot plate. Record the time when
each solute begins to melt totally decomposes.

SALT

o Observation: Record and write the result of your observation.

The sugar and salt are in the melting plate with the temperature of 500°C. As the
time goes by, the salt melted first with the duration of 1:45.41 and the sugar also
melted at 2:27.49 duration. Now, it is safe to say that the salt melted faster than
sugar.
Discussion
 Discuss your observation and reflect on the properties of ionic and covalent bonds
based on the results of your tests.
Based on our observation, these two solutes have different characteristics in all aspects.
In stirred melting, the salt melted faster than the sugar it is because the sugar has its
higher solubility. Also, the other reason why the salt melted faster than sugar because
salt is an ionic compound or bond and the sugar is covalent. The ionic bond had a high
melting point than covalent. Covalent bonds are very strong but weak in intermolecular
forces between molecules.

 Emphasize what causes the conductivity in ionic compounds and covalent


compounds.
Ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are in a molten state or dissolved in
water, because the ionic bonds break, allowing the individual ions (positively charged
cations and negatively charged anions) to move freely. It is the movement of these ions
that allows electric current to flow.
In solid form, ionic compounds do not conduct electricity because the ions are held in a
rigid lattice structure and cannot move.

Most covalent compounds do not conduct electricity because they do not form ions.
Instead, they consist of neutral molecules, which lack free-moving charged particles.
However, some covalent compounds can conduct electricity if they ionize in water (e.g.,
acids like HCl), where the covalent bonds break to form ions that can carry charge.

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