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10.Gradient divergence curl

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13 views6 pages

10.Gradient divergence curl

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paarth
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9.

GRADIENT, DIVERGENCE AND CURL


Aim:
 To write Matlab codes to visualize the vector field of 2-Dimension as well as 3-
Dimension.
 To find the gradient vector and visualize it with contour curves.
 To find divergence, curl and scalar potential

Mathematical form:

F =⃗
Draw the two dimensional vector field for the vector ⃗ f 1(x, y) + ⃗
f 2(x,y)

 Draw the three dimensional vector field for the vector ⃗ F =⃗


f 1(x,y,z)+ ⃗
f 2(x,y,z) +⃗f 3(x,y,z)
 Find the gradient vector for the following function F(x,y) at the point (x1,y1) .
let the given function be f(x,y). grad (f)=(∂f/∂x)i⃗ +(∂f/∂y) ⃗j . Then [grad (f)] at (a,b) is
(∂f/∂x) (a,b)i⃗ + (∂f/∂y) (a,b) ⃗j .
 Find the directional derivative of the function F(x,y,z) in the direction of the vector ⃗ V =
⃗ ⃗
V1i + V2 j + V3k the point (x1,y1,z1).
Let the given function be F(x,y,z). Find[ grad f] at (x1,y1,z1). Find the unit tangent normal
by ⃗ ¿ ¿/|V |] at(x1,y1,z1). Then directional derivative is given by (gradf).(⃗ ¿ ¿/|V |].

MATLAB Syntax used:


inline(expr) Constructs an inline function object from the
MATLAB expression contained in the string
expr.
vectorize(fun) Inserts a .before any ^, * or /in s. The result is
a character string
quiver(x,y,u,v) Displays velocity vectors as arrows with
components (u,v) at the points (x,y)
quiver3(x,y,z,u,v,w) Plots vectors with components (u,v,w) at the
points (x,y,z))
vectarrow(p0,p1) Plots a line vector with arrow pointing from
point p0 to point p1. The function can plot
both 2D and 3D vector with arrow depending
on the dimension of the input
g = gradient(f) finds the gradient vector of the scalar function
f with respect to a vector constructed from all
symbolic scalar variables found in f. The
order of variables in this vector is defined by
symvar.
Example 1:
Draw the two dimensional vector field for the vector x i⃗ + y ⃗j

MATLAB Code:

clc
clear all;
syms x y
x = linspace(-10, 10, 10);
y = linspace(-10, 10, 10);
[x,y] = meshgrid(x,y);
U = input('enter the vector as i component:');
V = input('enter the vector as j component:');
quiver(X,Y,U,V)
axis on
xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')

Output:
In the Command window:

enter the vector as i component: X

enter the vector as i component: Y

In the Figure window:

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4
y

0.2

-0.2
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
x

Example 2:
Draw the three dimensional vector field for the vector x i⃗ - y ⃗j + z ⃗k
MATLAB Code:
clear all;
clc;
syms x y z
x = linspace(-10, 10, 10);
y = linspace(-10, 10, 10);
z = linspace(-10, 10, 10);
[X,Y,Z] = meshgrid(x,y,z);
U = input('enter the vector as i component:');
V = input('enter the vector as j component:');
W = input('enter the vector as k component:');
quiver3(X,Y,Z,U,V,W)
axis on
xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')
zlabel('z')
Output:
In the Command Window:

enter the vector as i component: X


enter the vector as j component: -Y
enter the vector as k component: Z

In the figure window:

1.

0.

z 0

-0.5

-1

-1.5
1
0. 2
0 1
0
-0.5 -1
Example 3: y -1 -2
x

Find the gradient vector field of f ( x , y )=x 2 y − y 3 . Plot the gradient vector field together with a
contour map of f. How are they related?
MATLAB Code:
clc
clear all
syms x y
f=input('enter the function f(x,y):');
F=gradient(f)
P = inline(vectorize(F(1)), 'x', 'y');
Q = inline(vectorize(F(2)), 'x','y');
x = linspace(-2, 2, 10);
y = linspace(-2, 2, 10);
[X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y);
U = P(X,Y);
V = Q(X,Y);
quiver(X,Y,U,V,1)
axis on
xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')
hold on
ezcontour(f,[-2 2])

Output:
Command Window:

enter the function f(x,y):

x^2*y-y^3

Inference:
The gradient vectors are orthogonal to the contours.

Example 4

Find (a) the curl and (b) the divergence of the vector field.
Matlab code

clc
clear all
syms x y z real
F=input('enter the vector as i, j and k order in vector form:')
curl_F = curl(F, [x y z])
div_F = divergence(F, [x y z])
Output:

enter the vector as i,j and korder in vector form:


[x^2*y*z x*y^2*z x*y*z^2]
F =
[x^2*y*z, x*y^2*z, x*y*z^2]
curl_F =

x*z^2 - x*y^2
y*x^2 - y*z^2
- z*x^2 + z*y^2

div_F =

6*x*y*z
Example 5

Determine whether or not the vector field is


conservative. If it is conservative, find a function f such that .

Matlab code

clc
clear all
syms x y z real
F=input('enter the vector as i,j and k order in vector form:')
curl_F = curl(F, [x y z])
if(curl_F ==[0 0 0])
f = potential(F, [x y z])
else
sprintf('curl_F is not equal to zero')
end

Output:
the vector as i,j and k order in vector form:
[y^2*z^3 2*x*y*z^3 3*x*y^2*z^2]
curl_F =
0
0
0
f =
x*y^2*z^3

Exercise
1. Plot the gradient vector field of f together with a contour map of f . Explain how they are
related to each other
(a) f =sin( x)+sin( y) (b) f =sin( x+ y) (c) f =x 2+ y 2

2.
Determine whether or not the vector field is conservative.
If it is conservative, find a function f such that .

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