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Charles Babbage
Babbage is credited as being the inventor of the computer. His model of the
mechanical computer, named the Difference Engine, used information given to it
to create results and these features were the key essentials used for the
programming of modern computers today. His second machine was designed to
compute automatically using punch cards that had calculations denoted on it
using holes and threads in paper, which was made by a Jacquard loom. This
machine was named the Analytical Engine which would have been an improved
version of the Difference Engine. Instead, Ada Lovelace took over to design this
model and became known as the inventor of the first programmable computer.
Harry Nyquist
Nyquist was respected for giving fundamental contributions to data communications and
feedback systems. He worked on theories of telegraph transmission, communication
systems and thermal noise alongside Claude Shannon. His theoretical work on
determining the bandwidth requirements for transmitting information laid the
foundations for later advances by Claude Shannon, which led to the development
of information theory. For example, Nyquist determined that the number of independent
pulses that could be put through a telegraph channel per unit time is limited to twice
the bandwidth of the channel.
Ralph Hartley
Hartley worked on experiments and research towards radio
receivers and radiotelephone tests. He also developed one of the
first early models of the oscillator named after him. This was an
electronic oscillator circuit that used capacitors and inductors in
a tuned circuit to determine an oscillation frequency. He is
recognised for his understanding and exposition of the
fundamental relevance of the total amount of data able to be
transmitted with limited bandwidth and limited time. This
research ultimately worked towards the advance of modern IT.
George Boole
Boole was a mathematician and logician who introduced theory to
modern algebraic logic and differential equations. His concept of
Boolean algebra consisted of ‘true’ or ‘false’ variables, denoted by 1
or 0. These variables used separate operations than elementary
algebra, known as AND (/\), OR (\/), NOT (¬) etc. This was a more
simplified form of algebra that was later used in the development of
digital electronics and used in all modern programming languages.
This concept was adapted to show how the computer could use
numerical operations to calculate 1s and 0s, known as binary.