Kumaun University Nainital

Department of Statistics

B. Sc. Semester system course structure:

1. The course work shall be divided into six semesters with three papers in each semester.
2. Each paper in a semester will be of 80 marks out of which 60 marks for theory and 20 marks
are allotted for internal assessment (written test or assignments or both)
3. Each theory paper shall consists of section A: 20% of total marks (12 marks; one question of
12 parts; multiple choice, one word/one sentence answer, fill in the blanks, true- false; all
parts will be compulsory), section B: 40% of total marks (24 marks, one question of 06 parts;
any 04 have to be attempted with short answer) and section C: 40% of total marks; (24
marks, 04 questions, any two have to be attempted with long answer).
4. Question paper shall cover the whole syllabus.
5. Practical in each semester will be of total 60 marks, which includes 15 marks from sessional,
attendance, practical records etc.
6. Practical examination will be evaluated by both external and internal examiner.
7. The duration of theory shall be 03 hrs.

SEMESTERWISE DISTRIBUTION OF PAPERS WITH MARKS

SEMESTER I
PAPER I: PROBABILITY THEORY -I MM: 60
Introduction, Short History, Basic Terminology, Mathematical (or classical or ‘a priori’)
Probability-limitations of Mathematical Probability, Statistical (or Empirical) Probability-
Limitations of Empirical Probability, Subjective Probability, Mathematical Tools:
Preliminary Notions of Sets-Sets and Elements of Sets, Operations on sets, Algebra of sets.,
Axiomatic approach to probability-Random Experiment, Sample Space and Elementary
Events, Event, Acceptable Assignment of Probabilities, Natural Assignment of Probabilities,
Axiomatic Probability, Algebra of Events. Some Theorems on Probability-Addition theorem
of Probability, Extension of Addition theorem of Probability to n Events, Boole’s Inequality,
Conditional Probability , Multiplication Theory of Probability, Independent Events,
Multiplication theorem of Probability for Independent Events-Extension of Multiplication
theorem of Probability to n Events, Pair Wise Independent Events-Mutually Independent
Events, Probability of Occurrence of At Least One of the Events. Bayes’ Theorem,
Geometrical Probability

PAPER II: PROBABILITY THEORY –II MM: 60

Random variables: discrete and continuous, Distribution functions, Probability Mass function
and probability density function. Joint distribution of two random variables- marginal and
conditional distribution, Independence of two random variables, Expectation-theorem on
expectation of sum of random variables and product of independent random variables,
Conditional Expectation . Moments and Moment Generating function,Characteristic Function
Chebychev’s inequality, Weak Law of Large numbers and Central Limit Theorem (without
proof).
PAPER III: STATISTICAL METHODS-I MM:60

Statistical data, frequency table, graphical representation, Measures of Location and measures
of dispersion, Moments, Factorial moments, Skewness and Kurtosis, Association of attributes
and contingency tables. Method of least squares and curve fitting .
PAPER IV: PRACTICAL BASED ON PAPER I, II & III
MAX MARKS: 60 (45+15).

SEMESTER II
PAPER I: STATISTICAL METHODS-II M M:60
Correlation-Introduction, Meaning of Correlation, Scatter diagram, Karl Pearson’s
Coefficient of Correlation- Limits for Correlation Coefficient, Assumptions Underlying Karl
Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Calculation of the Correlation coefficient for a Bivariate
Frequency Distribution, Probable Error of Correlation Coefficient, Rank Correlation-
spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient, Tied or Repeated Ranks, repeated Ranks
(continued).
Regression-Introduction, Linear regression- obtaining lines of Regression, Regression
Coefficients, Properties of Regression Coefficients, Angle between Two Lines of Regression,
Standard Error of Estimate or Residual Variance, Correlation Coefficient between Observed
and Estimated Values.
Correlation Ratio, Intra-class Correlation, Multiple and Partial Correlation- Yule’s Notation,
Plane of Regression, Properties of Residuals- Variance of the Residual, Coefficient of
Multiple Correlation- Properties of Multiple Correlation Coefficient, Coefficient of Partial
Correlation.

PAPER II: THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTIONS: DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS

MAX MARKS: MM 60
DISCRETE: Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Hyper Geometric, Negative-Binomial,
Rectangular distributions with properties and goodness of fit
CONTINUOUS: Uniform, Normal, Log Normal, Exponential, Gamma and Beta distributions
with properties and goodness of fit
Bivariate Normal Distribution- Moment Generating Function of Bivariate Normal
Distribution, Marginal Distributions of Bivariate Normal Distribution, Conditional
Distributions of Bivariate Normal Distribution

PAPER III: APPLIED STATISTICS M M:60

Index Number and their uses, Methods of constructing Index numbers, Types of Index
numbers, Tests for index numbers, cost of living index numbers, Deflation and Splicing of
Index numbers Time series analysis –components and methods for their measurement, Vital
statistics –birth, death and fertility rates, gross and net reproduction rates , elements of life
table
PAPER IV: PRACTICAL BASED ON PAPER I, II AND III
MAX MARKS:60 (45+15)
Books recommended for semester I & II
1. Fundamentals of Statistics Vol-I : Goon Gupta Dasgupta
2. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics: SC Gupta & VK Kapoor
3. Mathematical Statistics: Kapoor & Saxena
4. Mathematical Statistics: OP Gupta & BD Gupta
5. Fundamentals of Statistics Vol-II : Goon Gupta Dasgupta
6. Fundamentals of Applied Statistics: SC Gupta & VK Kapoor

SEMESTER III

PAPER I: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS MM:60

Finite differences: Definition of Δ AND E, Relationship between Δ AND E, Properties of

operators Δ AND E with problems.
Interpolation: Interpolation for equal and unequal interval – Newton’s forward and backward
formula, Lagrange’s interpolation formula, Newton’s divided difference formula, Central
difference formula, Newton- Gauss forward and backward formula, Stirling & Bessel’s
formula- Derivation and problems
Numerical integration - Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule and Weddle’s rule.

PAPER II: SAMPLE SURVEY AND TECHNIQUES MM:60

Introduction, Type of Sampling- Purposive sampling, Probability Sampling, Parameter and

Statistic-Sampling Distribution of a Statistic, Standard Error, Sampling vs complete
enumeration, sampling units and frame, sampling and non-sampling errors, precision and
efficiency of sampling estimators. Simple random sampling-Simple random sampling with
and without replacement, Methods to draw a simple random sample, estimation of population
mean and proportion by this method. Stratified random sampling-proportional and optimum
allocation. Systematic sampling, Ratio and Regression methods of estimation in simple
random sampling

PAPER III: EXACT SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS MM:60

Chi-square (χ2) Distribution:Introduction, Derivation of the Chi-square (χ2) Distribution,

M.G.F. of Chi-square distribution, Cumulant Generating Function of χ2-Distribution,
Limiting From of χ2-Distribution, Characteristic Function of χ2-Distribution, Mode and
Skewness of χ2-Distribution, Additive Property of χ2-Variates, Chi-square Probability Curve
Student’s ‘t’ Distribution- Derivation of Student’s t-distribution, fisher’s ‘t’, Distribution of
Fisher’s ‘t’, Constants of t-distribution, Limiting Form of t-distribution, Graph of t-
distribution, Critical Values of t
F-distribution- Derivation of Snedecor’s F-distribution, Constants of F-distribution, Mode
and Points of Inflexion of F-distribution
Relation Between t and F Distributions, Relation Between F and χ2 Distributions, Fisher’s z-
Distribution
PAPER IV:PRACTICAL BASED ON PAPER I,II & III

MAX MARKS:60(45+15)

SEMESTER IV

PAPER I: STATISTICAL INFERENCE-I MM:60

Point Estimation: Introduction- Estimators and Estimate, Characteristics/Properties of

Estimators- Unbiasedness, Consistency, Efficieny- Most Efficient Estimator, Minimum
Variance Unbiased (MVU) Estimators, Sufficiency- Factorisation Theorem (Neymann),
Invariance property of Sufficient Estimator, Fisher-Neyman Criterion for Sufficient
Estimator, Methods of Estimation- Method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Properties of
Maximum Likelihood Estimators, Method of Minimum Variance, Method of Moments,
Method of Least Squares, Method of minimum Chi-Square
Interval Estimation: Confidence Interval and Confidence limits- concept of best confidence
intervals, Confidence Intervals for Large Samples.

PAPER II: STATISTICAL INFERENCE-II MM:60

Introduction, Statistical Hypothesis-Simple and Composite, Test of a Statistical Hypothesis,

Null Hypothesis, Alternative Hypothesis, Critical Region, Two types of Error, Level of
Significance, Power of the Test, Steps in Solving Testing of Hypothesis Problem, Optimum
Test Under Different Situations- Most power test (MP Test), Uniformly Most Powerful Test
(UMP Test), Neyman J. and Pearson, E.S. Lemma- Unbiased Test and Unbiased Critical
Region, Optimum Regions and Sufficient Statistics, Likelihood Ratio Test- Properties of
Likelihood Ratio Test

PAPER III: TESTING OF SIGNIFICANCE MM:60

Tests of Significance for Large Samples: Sampling of Attributes- Test of Significance for
Single Proportion, Test of Significance for Difference of Proportions, Sampling of Variables-
Unbiased Estimate for Population Mean(μ) and Variance (σ2), Standard Error of Sample
Mean, Test of Significance for Single Mean, Test of Significance for Difference of Means,
Test of Significance the Difference of Standard Deviations
Applications of Chi-square Distribution- Inferences About a Population Variance, Goodness
of Fit Test, Test of Independence of Attributes-Contingency Tables, Yate’s Correction (for
2*2 Contingency Table), Brandt and Snedecor Formula for 2*k Contingency Table, χ2-test of
Homogeneity of Correlation Coefficients, Bartlett’s Test for Homogeneity of Several
Independent Estimates of the Same Population Variance.
Applications of t-distribution- t-test for Single Mean, t-test for Difference of Means, Paired t-
test for Difference of Means, t-test for Testing the Significance of an Observed Sample
Correlation Coefficient, t-test for Testing the Significance of an Observed Regression
Coefficient, t-test for Testing the Significance of an Observed Partial Correlation Coefficient,
Applications of F-Distribution- F-test for Equality of Two Population Variances, F-test for
Testing the Significance of an Observed Multiple Correlation Coefficient, F-test for Testing
the Significance of an Observed Sample Correlation Ratio, F-test for Testing the Linearity of
Regression, F-test for Equality of Several Means
Applications of Z-transformation
PAPER IV:PRACTICAL BASED ON PAPER I,II & III

MAX MARKS:60 (45+15)

Books recommended for semester III & IV

1. Fundamentals of Statistics Vol-I : Goon Gupta Dasgupta

2. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics: SC Gupta & VK Kapoor
3. Mathematical Statistics: Kapoor & Saxena
4. Mathematical Statistics: OP Gupta & BD Gupta
5. Fundamentals of Statistics Vol-II: Goon Gupta Dasgupta
6. Fundamentals of Applied Statistics: SC Gupta & VK Kapoor
7. Sampling Techniques: WG Cochran
8. Design & Methods of Sample Surveys: Daroga Singh & FS Chaudhary
9. Numerical Analysis: Goyal & Gupta

SEMESTER V

PAPER I: ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE MM:60

Introduction and Definition, Causes of Variation
Classification of ANOVA:
One way classification with one observation per cell: Layout, Mathematical model, Sum of
squares for various causes of variation, Expected value of Sum of Squares, Degrees of
freedom for Sum of Squares, ANOVA Table and Testing Significance on the basis of the
table
One way classification with ‘m’ observations per cell: Mathematical model, Sum of
squares for various causes of variation, Expected value of Sum of Squares, Degrees of
freedom for Sum of Squares, ANOVA Table and Testing Significance on the basis of the
table
Two way classification with one observation per cell: Mathematical model, Sum of squares
for various causes of variation, Expected value of Sum of Squares, Degrees of freedom for
Sum of Squares, ANOVA Table and Testing Significance on the basis of the table
Two way classification with ‘m’ observation per cell: Mathematical model, Sum of squares
for various causes of variation, Expected value of Sum of Squares, Degrees of freedom for
Sum of Squares, ANOVA Table and Testing Significance on the basis of the table

PAPER II: DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT MM:60

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT: Principles of design of experiments-Replication

Randomization and Local control and their importance in Design Theory, Completely
randomized design- Layout, Statistical Analysis and Efficiency Comparisons with other
designs, Randomized Block Design- Layout, Statistical Analysis and Efficiency Comparisons
with other designs and Latin Square Design-Layout, Statistical Analysis and Efficiency
Comparisons with other designs . Missing plot techniques-Analysis of Designs with missing
Observations
PAPER III: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS MM:60

Multivariate Normal Distribution: Density function, Derivation and properties of

Multivariate Normal Distribution, Maximum likelihood estimators of its parameters, Linear
Combination, Marginal and Conditional distributions, MGF of Multivariate Normal
Distribution, Distribution of sample mean and sample Co-variance matrix(without proof).
Multiple Linear Regression: Multiple Linear regression model, Least square estimation of
parameters and Test of hypothesis in a Linear model.

PAPER IV: PRACTICAL BASED ON PAPER I, II & III

MAX MARKS: 60 (45+15)

SEMESTER VI

PAPER I: QUALITY CONTROL MM:60

Quality, Elements of Quality Control and its uses, Process Control and Product Control
3 σ limits,
Control Charts for variables: :Control Charts for Mean:( 𝑋̅,R) & (𝑋̅,  ) Charts-Setting
the Control Limits both when standards are given and when standards are not given,
Checking the Control of a process
Control Charts for Range and Standard Deviation: R &  -Charts-Setting the Control
Limits both when standards are given and when standards are not given, Checking the
Control of a process
Control charts for attributes: p(Fraction Defective), d(Number of Defectives) & c(number
of defects) charts-Setting the Control Limits both when standards are given and when
standards are not given, Checking the Control of a process
Sampling inspection by attributes- Single and Double sampling plans, producer’s and
consumer’s risk, OC, ASN, AOQL and LTPD of sampling plans.

PAPER II: NON PARAMETRIC METHODS MM:60

Order statistics and their distributions

Nonparametric tests: Introduction and comparison with Parametric Tests,
The Single-Sample Case- The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test, The Kolmogorov-Smirnov
One-Sample Test, The One-Sample Runs Test for Randomness
The Case of One Sample, Two Measures or Paired Replicates-The Sign Test, The
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
Two Independent Samples-The Chi-Square Test for Two Independent Samples, The
Median Test, The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test, The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Two-Sample
Test,

PAPER III: COMPUTER METHODS MM:60

Computer system- Block Diagram of a computer, Machine and High Level Language,
Interpreter and Compiler,
Flow charts-Symbols used and their functions, simple examples, constants and variables,
arithmetic expression-hierarchy of use
Fortran language : Input Output statements, Control statements, Subscripted variables,
Functions and Subroutines-Syntax and examples , Simple computer programs for
statistical methods.

PAPER IV: PRACTICAL BASED ON PAPER I, II & III

MAX MARKS: 60 (45+15)

Books recommended for semester V & VI

1. Fundamentals of Statistics Vol-I : Goon Gupta Dasgupta

2. Fundamentals of Applied Statistics: SC Gupta & VK Kapoor
3. Fundamentals of Statistics Vol-II : Goon Gupta Dasgupta
4. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics: SC Gupta & VK Kapoor
5. Non Parametric Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences: Sidney Siegel & Nathan
Castallan Jr.
6. Multivariate Analysis- Theory & Applications : KC Bhuyan
7. Programming with Fortran: V Rajaraman