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Goup 2_technical Basis of Database

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23 views13 pages

Goup 2_technical Basis of Database

Uploaded by

Heba Abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TECHNICAL BASIS

OF DATABASE
MANAGEMENT
BY
SANIA BELLA MARCELINA (12)
TABAH RIZKI ACHMAD ANUGERAH (13)
Character
The most basic logical data element is the character, which consists of an alphabet, number or
other symbol. You could argue that bits or bytes are the most basic data element but remember that
these terms refer to the physical storage elements provided by computer hardware, as discussed in
Chapter 3.
Field
An even higher level of data is the field, or data component. A field consists of a group of
related characters. For example, alphabetically grouping characters in a person's name can form a
name field (or usually, last name, first name, and middle initial) and grouping numbers in sales
amount forms a sales amount field.
Record
All fields used to get, organize, and store attributes of an entity are grouped to form a record.
File
A group of related records is called a word file (sometimes referred to as a table or flat file) When
independent of other related files, a table can also be called a flat file, more precisely, the term flat
file can be defined either narrowly or more broadly.
Database
An integrated collection of logically related data elements, a database
combines records previously stored in separate files into a common set of
data elements that provide data for many applications.
Hierarchical Structure
Early mainframe DBMS packages used a hierarchical structure, where the
relationships between records formed a hierarchical or tree-like structure.
Network structure
Network structures represent more complicated logical relationships and
are still used by some mainframe DBMS packages.
Relational structure
The most widely used of the three database structures this structure is used by most microcomputer
DBMS packages, as well as by mid-range and mainframe systems.
Relational Operations
Three basic operations can be performed on a relational database to create usable data sets. The
select operation is used to create a subset of records that meet standard criteria.
Multidimensional Structure
A variation of the relational model that uses a multidimensional structure to organize data and show
relationships between data.
The hierarchical data structure model is used for databases that support structured and routine
transactions in the early stages of company data processing. The data for these operations can
easily be represented in a hierarchical relationship.
Data Planning and Database Design
The user's perspective is key in data modeling, with the data model defining logical relationships
between elements to support business processes. Example questions that help identify data
relationships include: Can suppliers provide multiple types of products? Can customers have more
than one account? Can employees have multiple salary levels or be involved in several projects?
MANAGING
DATA
RESOURCES
Manage Data Sources
Data is considered a critical asset that companies must manage to sustain their
operations, both internally and externally. Every digital interaction creates new
data that must be analyzed appropriately. Data resource management is
important in ensuring that data is strategically processed to support informed
decision-making.

Then, it is explained that companies need to implement data source


management, which includes technology management activities such as
databases, data warehouses, and data analysis. This management aims to
process the information needed by the company's stakeholders.
Basis Data Operasional
This is a database that stores details that support business operational
processes, such as transaction, production, human resources, and inventory
data. This data is used to identify employees, compensation, performance, and
other aspects related to company operations.
Distributed Database
Distributed Database allows companies to spread data across multiple operational locations with local control, while
still being able to access each other's data. The main challenge is maintaining data accuracy across all locations,
which can be done through *replication* (automatic synchronization) or *duplication* (periodic duplication of master
data). In addition, these systems require additional bandwidth and computing power, but if properly managed, can
ensure data consistency across locations.
HyperMedia Databases
HyperMedia Databases are evolving along with the growth of websites, intranets and extranets. These databases store information in the
form of interconnected multimedia pages, including text, images, video and audio, using technologies such as HTML and XML. The web
server acts as a database management system to manage and transfer such hypermedia elements to users.

A Data Warehouse is a central repository of data drawn from a variety of sources, including operational and external databases. The data in
this warehouse has been cleaned, transformed, and sorted, so that it can be used for business analysis, market research, and decision
making. Data warehouses can be divided into data marts, which focus on specific subsets of data for specific aspects of the company.
Here is a brief summary of each issue in file processing:

Data Overlap: Duplication of data across multiple files causes difficulties in


updating and increases the risk of data inconsistency, as each file requires
separate maintenance.

Data Dependencies: Dependencies between hardware, software, and data


in file processing systems make it difficult to change the format or structure,
leading to a high maintenance burden.

Lack of Data Integration: Data stored in independent files makes it difficult


for users to access the required information from multiple sources,
resulting in slow and costly data retrieval processes.

Lack of Data Integrity or Standardization: Differences in data element definitions


between users and applications cause inconsistencies, and decrease data accuracy
and security, which hinders program development and file integrity.
Database inspection
Database inspection through the DBMS makes it
easy for end-users to obtain information quickly
without the need for complex programming. The
query and report generator features allow users to
query data with simple sentences and specify the
desired report format, so that responses are
provided in video or print displays efficiently.
Database Maintenance
Database Maintenance The process of maintaining the base data is
performed by transaction processing systems and other end-user
applications, with the support of a DBMS. End-users and information
professionals can also use various utilities provided by the DBMS to
maintain the base data. The enterprise database must be updated
continuously to reflect new business transactions (i.e. sales made, products
produced, receipts delivered) and other activities. Other changes should
also be made to update and correct data (i.e. changes in customer or
employee names and their addresses) to ensure the accuracy of the data in
the database.
Thank You

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