Insulating Glass
Insulating Glass
insulating
glass
specs &
tech
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 3
Why Viracon?
I
For over 37 years,
architects, designers
and contactors
throughout the world
have come to rely on
our proven expertise
Seven World Trade Center to make Viracon the
New York, New York company to go to
when it comes to
Architect: Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP
exploring a variety of
Glazing Contractor: Permasteelisa
glazing options. We
Cladding Technologies, Ltd. invite you to sit down,
tell us your thoughts,
Glass Type: VRE15-59
and together we’ll
Photographer: Greg West Photography
come up with a way
to make it all work.
2
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 4
viraconsultingt
FIELD SALES REPRESENTATIVES
We’re here to help with design assistance, budget costing, return on
investment costing, spec writing and review as well as act as a liaison
between architects and glazing contractors. We also work closely with
the glazing contractor to offer assistance with initial costs, final pricing
negotiations, product information and job site inspections. Just ask.
techelp
Need an answer—fast? Our Architectural Technical Services group, along with
our Architectural Design group, can assist you with specification and design
assistance, performance and environmental analyses, structural calculations,
energy payback, hurricane requirements and security threat levels. No problem.
3
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 5
Figure 1
UV is invisible to the human eye and has a wavelength range of ~300 - 380
nm. The damaging effects on long-term UV exposure results in fabric fading
and plastic deterioration.
Visible light is the only portion of the solar spectrum visible to the human
Thermal Heat Transfer eye. It has a wavelength band of ~380 - 780 nm.
IR is invisible to the human eye, has a wavelength range of ~790 - 3000 nm
Solar and has a penetrating heat effect. Short-wave IR converts to heat when it is
Radiation
absorbed by an object.
Solar Control
A 9%
100% The visible light and IR portions of solar energy are an essential part of
T 83% sunlight, since they represent nearly 100 percent of the solar spectrum.
R 8%
As a result, each plays an important role when glass is selected as a glazing
6% 3%
material for commercial building applications. To enhance thermal
1/8" (3 mm) Clear Glass
performance, thin metallic films are applied to one or more glass surfaces.
Figure 4
Solar Reflective Coatings
Solar reflective coatings reduce solar heat gain through higher reflection and
absorption with the glass appearing mirror like. Typically, the coating reflects
and absorbs high amounts of visible and IR portions of the solar spectrum.
As a result, heat gain is dramatically reduced, but the trade off is lower light
transmission through the glass.
4
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 6
TRANSMITTANCE (%)
VE 1-55
infrared or heat. They reduce heat gain or loss in a building by redirecting the 70 VE 1-2M (Solarscreen 2000) VE 1-52
VE 1-42
heat. In addition, they provide greater light transmission, low reflection and 60 VE 1-40
Infraredt
reduce heat transfer. 50 (Heat)
40
Condensation Formation 30
Condensation forms on glass when the glass temperature falls below the 20
dewpoint of the air. To prevent condensation from forming, the glass 10
temperature needs to be higher than the dewpoint of ambient air. That’s why
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2100
it is critical to choose a glass product that addresses these concerns, such as
insulating glass. W A V E L E N G T H (nanometer)
For instance, insulating glass units decrease the potential for condensation Visible Infrared
Figure 6
formation on roomside glass surfaces by “insulating” the inboard glass ply
from conductive/convective heat loss to the outside.
Viracon VRE (Radiant Low-E)
This “insulation,” using an air space between the two glass plies, results in Viracon’s VRE high-performance coatings allow designers to balance aesthetics,
a more stabilized interior glass temperature. Unfortunately, insulating glass along with the economical necessity of reducing solar heat gain and the
alone may not totally eliminate condensation formation in extreme climates. psychological need for natural light. The product, available in 5 levels of light
To lessen this risk, a Low-E coating can be applied to the insulating unit. transmittance, provides a crisp neutral exterior appearance and soothing
tones to the interior, allowing two-way vision through the glazing under
Insulating Glass
varying lighting conditions. In addition, VRE coatings offer an efficient blend
Inherently, insulating glass increases a window’s thermal performance. It is
of u-values as low as any coatings along with reduced solar heat gain not
constructed with two or more glass plies, separated by a desiccant-filled
previously available with Low-E products.
spacer and sealed with an organic sealant. The desiccant absorbs the insu-
lating glass units internal moisture. The sealant may be the standard black Viracon VNE (Neutral Low-E)
silicone and PIB or you may choose a gray silicone/ PIB sealant (see Figure 5). Viracon’s VNE high-performance glass is the latest revolution in solar control
Viracon uses mill finish and black painted spacers. We also offer a stainless glass coatings to offer you an innovative alternative for your glass selection.
steel spacer for warm edge performance. VNE blends the low reflectivity of traditional Low-E (VE) coatings with the
improved solar control characteristics of the Radiant Low-E (VRE) coatings.
Viracon’s insulating glass products offer a wide range of performance levels,
The result is a new glazing option with low solar heat gain, low reflectance
as well as aesthetic options.
and an ultra-subtle neutral reflected color architects have been asking for.
Insulating Glass Unit The real beauty of VNE is that it provides an appealing visual balance without
Interior Ply dominating the building façade.
#1 Surface
Commercial Applications
#2 Surface
#3 Surface Many commercial building designs feature large ratios of glass-to-wall areas,
#4 Surface which translate into a greater potential for increased heat gain. What’s more,
Primary Seal
Polyisobutylene secondary sources, such as people, office machines and artificial lighting
Secondary Seal generate heat within a building. Consequently, the emphasis is on reducing
heat gain into the building interior.
Desiccant
Sight Line 1/2" Low-E coatings on tinted glass play an important role in thermal performance
± 1/8" Exterior Ply
by possessing high visible light transmission and low heat transfer properties.
Figure 5
What’s more, Low-E coatings on tinted glass reduce glare.
VIRACON GLASS When short-wave solar energy (IR) strikes the tinted exterior glass ply it is
Viracon High-Performance Reflective Insulating Glass absorbed and converted into long-wave infrared or heat. By applying a Low-E
This type of glass combines the thermal advantages of insulating glass with coating to the second (#2) surface, the heat is reradiated back outdoors,
the superior solar control characteristics of reflective coatings. reducing the heat gain potential into the building interior (see Figure 7).
Each coating offers high visible light transmittance, low exterior reflectance
(Short Wave)
and the lowest U-values available; thereby, reducing radiant heat transfer IR (Long Wave)
IR Radiation Visible
(see Figure 6). Light
Low-Emissivity
Coating
By combining tinted glass with silk-screened patterns and Low-E coatings, Interior Glass
Exterior Glass Tinted Clear
the building design professional can achieve unique, custom glass designs.
Coating #2 Surface
Figure 7
5
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 7
Vision/Spandrel Match NFRC summer daytime U-values are based on an outdoor temperature of 89°F
Often a project may require spandrel glass to harmonize with the vision (32°C), an indoor temperature of 75°F (24°C), a 6.2 mph (10.1 km/h) outdoor
areas of your building. However, this is sometimes difficult to achieve when air velocity and a solar intensity of 248 BTU/(hr*ft2*°F) (782 W/m2).
high-light transmitting or low-reflective glass types are used. Instead, the R-Value
use of low-light transmitting and high-reflective glass types provide the Thermal resistance is expressed in ft2*hr*°F/BTU). It is the reciprocal of
least contrast between vision and spandrel areas under a variety of lighting U-value. The higher the R-value, the less heat is transmitted through the
conditions. glazing material.
In addition, variable sky conditions can also influence our perception of
Shading Coefficient
glass color and general appearance. On a bright, sunny day, the exterior
Shading coefficient is the ratio of solar heat gain through a specific type of glass
light intensity is approximately 50 to 100 times greater than the interior
that is relative to the solar heat gain through a 1/8" (3 mm) ply of clear glass
lighting level. When viewing the glass from the outside, the dominant
under identical conditions (see Figure 8). As the shading coefficient number
visual characteristic is the exterior reflection. On gray, overcast days,
decreases, heat gain is reduced, which means a better performing product.
a greater visual disparity is created between vision and spandrel areas.
This is due to the transparency of the vision glass and the perception of
Shading Coefficient (SC)
depth created by interior lighting. The non-vision areas tend to look flat
and two-dimensional by contrast.
Because spandrel glass is virtually opaque, it can only be viewed in reflec-
tion. On the other hand, vision glass possesses a degree of transmission. A
Solar Heat Gain (SHG)
As the transmission of the vision glass increases during overcast conditions, SHG = A + B
B
interior lighting becomes more prevalent. Viracon recommends viewing
SC = SHG of X
glass samples or full-size mockups to match vision and spandrel glass areas SHG of 1/8" CL
Greater contrast between vision and spandrel areas occurs when using Relative Heat Gain (RHG)
uncoated, tinted glass (green, bronze, blue, etc.) or high transmission The amount of heat gained through glass taking into consideration U-value
Low-E coatings. Under these conditions, insulating spandrel units can and shading coefficient. Using the NFRC standard, relative heat gain is
create the illusion of depth and approximate the vision glass more closely. calculated as follows:
By keeping the vision and spandrel glass construction similar (the same English System:
exterior glass color, coating, etc.), the contrast can be minimized under RHG = Summer U-value x 14°F + shading coefficient x 200.
various lighting conditions. Viracon recommends a neutral colored ceramic
Metric System:
frit on the number four (#4) surface.
RHG = Summer U-value x 7.8°C + shading coefficient x 630.
ENERGY TERMS
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
Visible Light Transmittance The portion of directly transmitted and absorbed solar energy that enters into
The percentage of visible light (380 - 780 nm) that is transmitted through the building’s interior. The higher the SHGC, the higher the heat gain.
the glass.
Light to Solar Gain Ratio (LSG)
Solar Transmittance The ratio is equal to the Visible Light Transmittance divided by the Solar Heat
The percentage of ultraviolet, visible and near infrared energy (300 - 3000 Gain Coefficient. The Department of Energy’s Federal Technology Alert publica-
nm) that is transmitted through the glass. tion of the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) views an LSG of 1.25
Visible Light Reflectance or greater to be Green Glazing/Spectrally Selective Glazing.
The percentage of light that is reflected from the glass surface(s). European U-Value (formerly K-Value)
Solar Reflectance Based on ISO-DP10292 draft standard conditions. It is based on an outdoor
The percentage of solar energy that is reflected from the glass surface(s). temperature of 5.5°C, an indoor temperature of 20.5°C and a 4.8 m/s outdoor
air velocity.
NFRC U-Value
The solar and optical data presented in this guide is center-of-glass data based on the National
A measure of heat gain or heat loss through glass due to the differences Fenestration Rating Council measurement standards. They were calculated using Lawrence Berkeley
between indoor and outdoor temperatures. These are center pane values National Laboratory’s (LBNL) WINDOW 5.2 software. In some cases performance data changed in
comparison to previous versions of LBNL’s WINDOW program.
based on NFRC standard winter nighttime and summer daytime conditions.
U-values are given in BTU/(hr*ft2*°F) for the English system. Metric
U-values are given in W/(m2*°K)*.
*Note: To convert from English to metric, multiply the English U-value
by 5.6783.
NFRC winter nighttime U-values are based on an outdoor temperature of
0°F (-17.8°C), an indoor temperature of 70°F (21°C) and a 12.3 mph (19.8
km/h) outdoor air velocity.
6
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 8
PRODUCT CODES
Coating Type Outboard Glass Substrate Nominal Visible Light Transmittance of Coating
*Detailed performance data is provided on the following pages for these substrates.
To view Viracon's complete product offering, including an expansion of high performance coatings and glass substrates, visit www.viracon.com.
7
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 9
8
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 10
9
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 11
10
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 12
11
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 13
technical information
Setting Block Location Inadequate edge clearances can cause glass breakage as a result of glass-
Weep Hole Location to-frame contact. Viracon recommends a minimum face clearance of 3/16"
(5 mm), a minimum edge clearance of 1/4"(6 mm) and a minimum glass bite
of 1/2" (13 mm) (see Figure 10).
85 ± 5 Shore A Durometer Blocks
centered at 1/4 points with length
dependent upon glass area. Weep System
Weep System Do not expose the edges of laminated, insulating and opacifier film glass to
(3/8" Diameter
Holes) standing water. This can cause premature seal failure or delamination. Viracon
requires either impervious weather seals or an adequate weep system to
prevent this from occurring (see Figure 11). This is also true of lockstrip
gasket glazing.
W/4 W/4
The “W” indicates width of glass ply unit The glazing system manufacturer or designer is ultimately responsible for the
Figure 9 design of the weep system and its proper performance.
12
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 14
RECOMMENDED CLEARANCES
Glass Thickness Edge Clearance Face Clearance Glass Bite Dimensional Tolerance Thickness Tolerance
1" (25 mm) unit 1/4" 3/16" 1/2" +3/16"/ -1/16" +1/32"/ -1/16"
with 1/4"(6 mm) glass (6 mm) (5 mm) (13 mm) (+4.8 mm / -1.6mm) (+.8 mm / -1.6mm)
*Detailed performance data is provided on the following pages for these substrates.
To view Viracon’s complete product offering, including an expansion of high performance coatings and glass substrates, visit www.viracon.com
13
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 15
2. Coated Glass Inspection Guidelines. Viracon’s coated glass products • When viewing spandrel glass under similar conditions, reflected pinholes
comply with ASTM Standard C 1376. and scratches are not considered defects if they are unobtrusive.
• Pinholes — Inspect glass from a distance of 10 ft. (3 m) in transmission, 3. You can use Viraspan in structurally glazed applications. However,
at a viewing angle of 90° to the specimen, against a bright uniform a clear edge may be visible. Contact Viracon’s Architectural Inside Sales
background. If a pinhole is readily apparent, the following criteria apply: Department for more information.
Pinholes larger than 1/16" (1.6 mm) in diameter are not allowed in 80 4. Viracon reserves the right to change substrate glass suppliers. As a result,
percent of the central glass area. Pinholes larger than 3/32" (2.4 mm) this may affect perceived colors of our Viraspan samples. Approval of all
are not allowed in the outer 20 percent of the glass area. No more than glass colors is based on 12" x 12" (305 mm x 305 mm) samples, which
two readily apparent blemishes are allowed in a 3" (75 mm) diameter are ordered for each project.
circle and no more than five readily apparent blemishes are allowed in
a 12" (300 mm) diameter circle. Heat-Processed Glass (Heat Strengthened and Tempered)
1. Glass cutting and fabrication is completed prior to heat processing.
• Uniformity—When viewing coated glass from a minimum distance of
10 ft. (3 m), color variation may occur from one unit to another. This 2. Viracon’s two types of heat-processed glass comply with ASTM Standard
can be caused by variations within the float glass substrate and normal C1048. Surface compression of heat-strengthened glass with thicknesses
production variations, and this is not considered a defect. All Viracon of 1/4" (6 mm) and less is 4,000-7,000 psi. Surface compression for 5/16"
commercial glass products conform to industry color standards. (8 mm) and 3/8" (10 mm) heat-strengthened glass is 5,000-8,000 psi.*
For fully-tempered glass, the minimum surface compression is 10,000 psi.
• Distortion—Various factors involved in heat processing, insulating air
It also complies with ANSI Z97.1 and CPSC 16 CFR 1201 safety glazing
spacers and frame binding may distort reflected objects viewed on the
standards.
glass surface. These are not considered defects of the coated glass or
the final fabricated product. *Because of reader repeatability and instrument tolerances, Viracon’s toler-
ance for heat-strengthened glass surface compression is +/- 1,000 psi.
• Scratches—Inspect glass from a distance of 10 ft. (3 m). Scratches up to
2" (50 mm) are allowed in 80 percent central glass area, and scratches Note: The maximum sizes listed are shown to illustrate pro-
up to 3" (75 mm) are allowed in the outer area. Concentrated scratches duction limits. These sizes are unavailable as finished products.
or abraded areas are not allowed. Maximum piece size for annealed glass under any condition
is 50 sq. ft. (4.65 sq.m.) Maximum size for heat-treated glass
Viracon Insulating Spandrel Glass under any condition is 65 sq. ft. (6.04 sq.m.) Maximum unit
Minimum Size Standard Maximum Size weight is 750 pounds (340 kg). The premium over-weight
12" x 36" 84" x 144" maximum is 2000 pounds (907 kg). A technical review is
(305 mm x 914 mm) (2134 mm x 3658 mm) required for all over-weight requests.
Premium over-sized maximum: 84" x 165" (2134 mm x 4191 mm). A technical
For complete information on all of Viracon products including: insulating,
review is required for all over-sized requests.
silk-screened, spandrel, laminated, protective, monolithic and acoustical
1. Viracon designs its spandrel glass for glazing against a uniform, opaque glass, visit www.viracon.com, or contact us at glass@viracon.com or by
background. We do not recommend its use in transoms, partitions or calling 800-533-2080.
other areas where a uniform, opaque background is unavailable.
2. Reflective Spandrel Glass Inspection Guidelines CONTINUING EDUCATION
We also work with professional organizations
• View spandrel glass from a distance of 15 ft. (4.6 m) under natural
and firms worldwide to provide AIA registered
daylight conditions. Color and reflectance may vary when viewed under
educational seminars. As a registered provider
a uniform, opaque background. This is not considered a defect.
with the AIA/Continuing Education System (AIA/CES), archi-
• When viewing spandrel glass under similar conditions, reflected pinholes tects can receive 1.5 continuing learning units (LU’s) with
and scratches are not considered defects if they are unobtrusive. AIA/CES, including health, safety and welfare credits. Visit
our website for a complete listing of available educational
Viraspan™ for Uncoated Insulating Glass seminars and to schedule a presentation, or contact us
Minimum Size Standard Maximum Size at 800-533-2080.
12" x 12" 84" x 144"
(305 mm x 305 mm) (2134 mm x 3658 mm)
Premium over-sized maximum: 84" x 165" (2134 mm x 4191 mm). A technical
review is required for all over-sized requests.
1. Viracon designs its spandrel glass for glazing against a uniform, opaque
background. We do not recommend its use in transoms, partitions or
other areas where a uniform, opaque background is unavailable.
2. Viraspan Spandrel Glass Inspection Guidelines
• View spandrel glass from a distance of 15 ft. (4.6 m) under natural
daylight conditions. Color and reflectance may vary when viewed under
a uniform, opaque background. This is not considered a defect.
14
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:22 PM Page 16
281155 InsulGlass.qxd:Insulating 12pg.qxd 2/25/08 12:21 PM Page 1