ArcGIS Pro: Essential Workflows

®
ArcGIS Pro: Essential Workflows
®

STUDENT EDITION
Copyright © 2023 Esri
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Course version 14.0. Version release date April 2023. Printed

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Table of Contents
Esri resources for your organization ............................................................................................................ix

Course introduction
Course introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Course goals ................................................................................................................................................. 1
Installing the course data............................................................................................................................. 1
Training Services account credentials .......................................................................................................... 2
Icons used in this workbook ........................................................................................................................ 3

1 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

Lesson introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1-1
ArcGIS Pro features ................................................................................................................................... 1-2
Licensing ArcGIS Pro.................................................................................................................................. 1-4
Template options for creating an ArcGIS Pro project ............................................................................... 1-6
Project structure ....................................................................................................................................... 1-8
ArcGIS Pro interface .................................................................................................................................. 1-9
Exercise 1: Use map navigation and data exploration tools ................................................................... 1-11
Create a project ................................................................................................................................ 1-12
Add a folder connection ................................................................................................................... 1-13
Add layers to the map....................................................................................................................... 1-15
Use ArcGIS Pro Help to find tools ..................................................................................................... 1-17
Navigate the map.............................................................................................................................. 1-18
View feature attributes..................................................................................................................... 1-19
Select features interactively ............................................................................................................. 1-22
Change the basemap ........................................................................................................................ 1-23
Lesson review .......................................................................................................................................... 1-25
Answers to Lesson 1 questions ............................................................................................................... 1-26

2 Working with GIS data

Lesson introduction .................................................................................................................................. 2-1
Data storage models ................................................................................................................................. 2-2
Spatial data properties.............................................................................................................................. 2-4
Locating key data properties .................................................................................................................... 2-5
Exercise 2A: Connect to data sources in ArcGIS Pro ................................................................................. 2-6
Add shapefiles to a map ..................................................................................................................... 2-7
Add geodatabase feature classes to a map ........................................................................................ 2-9
Add data from ArcGIS Online ............................................................................................................ 2-11
Getting data into a geodatabase ............................................................................................................ 2-13

i
 Exercise 2B: Populate a geodatabase with data ..................................................................................... 2-14
Use ArcGIS Pro without a template .................................................................................................. 2-15
Create a file geodatabase ................................................................................................................. 2-15
Transfer data between geodatabases .............................................................................................. 2-16
Import a shapefile into a geodatabase feature class ....................................................................... 2-17
Import multiple feature classes into a geodatabase ........................................................................ 2-18
Convert tabular data ......................................................................................................................... 2-19
Convert online data .......................................................................................................................... 2-20
Lesson review .......................................................................................................................................... 2-23
Answers to Lesson 2 questions ............................................................................................................... 2-24

3 Coordinate systems
Lesson introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3-1
Differentiate between coordinate system types ...................................................................................... 3-2
Geographic transformations ..................................................................................................................... 3-4
Importance of projected data ................................................................................................................... 3-5
Projecting data .......................................................................................................................................... 3-7
Exercise 3: Change coordinate systems .................................................................................................... 3-8
Import a map file ................................................................................................................................ 3-9
Inspect spatial reference properties................................................................................................. 3-10
Inspect on-the-fly projection and transformation settings .............................................................. 3-11
Set datum transformation for a map................................................................................................ 3-13
Transform datum for source data ..................................................................................................... 3-14
Explore a shapefile coordinate system ............................................................................................. 3-15
Project a shapefile ............................................................................................................................ 3-16
Lesson review .......................................................................................................................................... 3-17
Answers to Lesson 3 questions ............................................................................................................... 3-18

4 Symbolizing layers
Lesson introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4-1
Attribute types and layer symbology ........................................................................................................ 4-2
Types of layer symbology .......................................................................................................................... 4-3
Differentiating between layer symbology ................................................................................................ 4-7
Classification methods .............................................................................................................................. 4-8
Selecting a symbology option ................................................................................................................. 4-11
Exercise 4: Symbolize layers using different methods ............................................................................ 4-13
Use unique values ............................................................................................................................. 4-14
Use graduated colors ........................................................................................................................ 4-17
Use graduated symbols .................................................................................................................... 4-20
Symbolize features by density .......................................................................................................... 4-22
Lesson review .......................................................................................................................................... 4-24

ii
 Answers to Lesson 4 questions ............................................................................................................... 4-25

5 Controlling feature display

Lesson introduction .................................................................................................................................. 5-1
Types of selection queries ......................................................................................................................... 5-2
Selecting features using queries ............................................................................................................... 5-4
Exercise 5A: Use queries to select features .............................................................................................. 5-5
Import a map file ................................................................................................................................ 5-6
Create an attribute query ................................................................................................................... 5-6
Add a second clause to an attribute query......................................................................................... 5-8
Create a selection layer ...................................................................................................................... 5-9
Create a spatial query based on distance ......................................................................................... 5-10
Create a spatial query based on a geometric intersection ............................................................... 5-10
Create a new feature class from selected features .......................................................................... 5-11
Definition queries.................................................................................................................................... 5-13
Displaying features at different scales .................................................................................................... 5-15
Symbol classes ........................................................................................................................................ 5-16
Exercise 5B: Control the visibility of features ......................................................................................... 5-17
Set scale ranges on layers ................................................................................................................. 5-18
Use scale-based symbol classes ........................................................................................................ 5-20
Create a definition query .................................................................................................................. 5-23
Modify a definition query ................................................................................................................. 5-24
Create multiple definition queries for a layer .................................................................................. 5-26
Lesson review .......................................................................................................................................... 5-28
Answers to Lesson 5 questions ............................................................................................................... 5-29

6 Adding text to a map

Lesson introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6-1
Defining characteristics of map labels ...................................................................................................... 6-2
Exercise 6A: Add and modify labels .......................................................................................................... 6-3
Add a layer to a new map ................................................................................................................... 6-4
Label features ..................................................................................................................................... 6-4
Change the label field ......................................................................................................................... 6-5
Modify the label font .......................................................................................................................... 6-6
Change the label position ................................................................................................................... 6-8
Using label classes ................................................................................................................................... 6-11
Exercise 6B: Create label classes ............................................................................................................. 6-12
Explore attributes ............................................................................................................................. 6-13
Create label classes for each airport type ........................................................................................ 6-14
Define label class criteria for regional airports................................................................................. 6-14
Define label class criteria for local airports ...................................................................................... 6-15
Define label class criteria for international airports ......................................................................... 6-16
iii
Set scale dependencies on label classes ........................................................................................... 6-16
 Geodatabase annotation ........................................................................................................................ 6-18
Choosing standard or feature-linked annotation ................................................................................... 6-19
Exercise 6C: Create and modify geodatabase annotation ...................................................................... 6-21
Import a map file .............................................................................................................................. 6-22
Convert labels to annotation ............................................................................................................ 6-22
Modify annotation text..................................................................................................................... 6-24
Modify annotation placement .......................................................................................................... 6-27
Create annotation features .............................................................................................................. 6-28
Lesson review .......................................................................................................................................... 6-31
Answers to Lesson 6 questions ............................................................................................................... 6-32

7 Visualizing data in 3D
Lesson introduction .................................................................................................................................. 7-1
3D mapping capabilities ............................................................................................................................ 7-2
Local and global scenes ............................................................................................................................. 7-4
Exploring elevation sources ...................................................................................................................... 7-6
Exercise 7A: Create a local scene .............................................................................................................. 7-7
Open a map file................................................................................................................................... 7-8
Convert a map to a scene ................................................................................................................... 7-9
Add a ground source......................................................................................................................... 7-10
Displaying features in 3D ........................................................................................................................ 7-12
Exercise 7B: Extrude features ................................................................................................................. 7-14
Extrude block groups based on an attribute .................................................................................... 7-15
Visualize subsurface data ................................................................................................................. 7-17
View a 2D map and 3D view together .............................................................................................. 7-19
Lesson review .......................................................................................................................................... 7-23

8 Creating features from tabular data

Lesson introduction .................................................................................................................................. 8-1
Indirectly storing spatial data ................................................................................................................... 8-2
Evaluate tabular data ................................................................................................................................ 8-3
Displaying tabular data on a map ............................................................................................................. 8-5
Exercise 8: Create point features from x,y coordinates............................................................................ 8-7
Import a global scene ......................................................................................................................... 8-8
Explore tabular data ........................................................................................................................... 8-8
Create point features from a table containing x,y coordinates ....................................................... 8-10
Lesson review .......................................................................................................................................... 8-12

iv
 Answers to Lesson 8 questions ............................................................................................................... 8-13

9 Associating tabular data

Lesson introduction .................................................................................................................................. 9-1
Table relationships .................................................................................................................................... 9-2
Common table management items .......................................................................................................... 9-4
Exercise 9A: Prepare tabular data............................................................................................................. 9-5
Explore tabular data ........................................................................................................................... 9-6
Export the CSV file into a geodatabase .............................................................................................. 9-8
Calculate a field................................................................................................................................... 9-9
Table cardinality ...................................................................................................................................... 9-11
Joins and relates...................................................................................................................................... 9-12
Exploring joins and relates ...................................................................................................................... 9-14
Choosing joins or relates ......................................................................................................................... 9-15
Exercise 9B: Create table associations .................................................................................................... 9-17
Join tables ......................................................................................................................................... 9-18
Use joined fields ............................................................................................................................... 9-19
Export a joined layer ......................................................................................................................... 9-21
Create a relate .................................................................................................................................. 9-22
Use the relate to access associated records..................................................................................... 9-24
Lesson review .......................................................................................................................................... 9-27
Answers to Lesson 9 questions ............................................................................................................... 9-28

10 Editing features and attributes

Lesson introduction ................................................................................................................................ 10-1
Editing features ....................................................................................................................................... 10-2
ArcGIS Pro editing environment ............................................................................................................. 10-3
Exercise 10A: Create features by digitizing ............................................................................................. 10-5
Open a map....................................................................................................................................... 10-6
Modify a feature template ............................................................................................................... 10-7
Digitize a polygon.............................................................................................................................. 10-8
Update attributes ........................................................................................................................... 10-10
Digitize line features ....................................................................................................................... 10-10
Feature modification tools .................................................................................................................... 10-13
Exercise 10B: Modify existing features ................................................................................................. 10-14
Modify vertices ............................................................................................................................... 10-15
Reshape a feature ........................................................................................................................... 10-16
Split a polygon ................................................................................................................................ 10-19
Merge polygons .............................................................................................................................. 10-22
Lesson review ........................................................................................................................................ 10-24

v
11 Spatial analysis
Lesson introduction ................................................................................................................................ 11-1
Spatial analysis workflow ........................................................................................................................ 11-2
Types of analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 11-4
Geoprocessing tools ................................................................................................................................ 11-7
Exploring the analysis environment........................................................................................................ 11-8
Exercise 11: Answer questions using analysis tools................................................................................ 11-9
Import a map .................................................................................................................................. 11-10
Set analysis environments .............................................................................................................. 11-11
Buffer data ...................................................................................................................................... 11-12
Extract features from a layer .......................................................................................................... 11-13
Perform an intersect between two layers ...................................................................................... 11-15
Explore results of the intersect....................................................................................................... 11-16
Use a spatial join to add attributes to a data layer ........................................................................ 11-17
Summarize data .............................................................................................................................. 11-18
Lesson review ........................................................................................................................................ 11-20

12 Analysis using ModelBuilder

Lesson introduction ................................................................................................................................ 12-1
Automating your analysis ....................................................................................................................... 12-2
Why use ModelBuilder? .......................................................................................................................... 12-4
Exploring model elements ...................................................................................................................... 12-5
Exercise 12: Automate an analysis workflow with ModelBuilder .......................................................... 12-6
Create a model.................................................................................................................................. 12-7
Add the Buffer tool to the model ..................................................................................................... 12-8
Add the Intersect tool to the model ................................................................................................. 12-9
Run the model ................................................................................................................................ 12-10
Prepare the model for sharing........................................................................................................ 12-11
Lesson review ........................................................................................................................................ 12-14

13 Map layouts
Lesson introduction ................................................................................................................................ 13-1
What is a map layout? ............................................................................................................................ 13-2
Map objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 13-3
Explore a map layout .............................................................................................................................. 13-5
Creating a map layout ............................................................................................................................. 13-7
Exercise 13: Create a map layout for analysis results ............................................................................. 13-8
Open a map file................................................................................................................................. 13-9
Create a layout................................................................................................................................ 13-10
Add a map frame ............................................................................................................................ 13-10

vi
 Add a north arrow .......................................................................................................................... 13-13
Add a scale bar ................................................................................................................................ 13-14
Add an inset map ............................................................................................................................ 13-14
Add a map title ............................................................................................................................... 13-17
Add a legend ................................................................................................................................... 13-18
Add a table frame ........................................................................................................................... 13-19
Lesson review ........................................................................................................................................ 13-22
Answers to Lesson 13 questions ........................................................................................................... 13-23

14 Sharing with ArcGIS Pro

Lesson introduction ................................................................................................................................ 14-1
Sharing methods ..................................................................................................................................... 14-2
Sharing roles and permissions ................................................................................................................ 14-5
Exercise 14: Share analysis results .......................................................................................................... 14-7
Export a layout .................................................................................................................................. 14-8
Share a map file ................................................................................................................................ 14-8
Share a layer package ....................................................................................................................... 14-9
Share a map package ...................................................................................................................... 14-11
Share a web map ............................................................................................................................ 14-12
Lesson review ........................................................................................................................................ 14-15

Appendices
Appendix A: Esri data license agreement ............................................................................... A-1
Appendix B: Refined map example..........................................................................................B-1
Appendix C: Answers to lesson review questions ................................................................... C-1
Appendix D: Additional resources........................................................................................... D-1

vii
viii
Esri resources
Take advantage of these resources to develop ArcGIS software skills, discover applications of
geospatial technology, and tap into the experience and knowledge of the ArcGIS community.

Instructor-led and e-Learning resources

Esri instructor-led courses and e-Learning resources help you develop and apply ArcGIS skills,
recommended workflows, and best practices. View all training options at esri.com/training/
catalog/search.

Planning for organizations

Esri training consultants partner with organizations to provide course recommendations for job roles,
short-term training plans, and workforce development plans. Contact an Esri training consultant at
training@esri.com.

Esri technical certification

The Esri Technical Certification Program recognizes individuals who are proficient in best practices for using
Esri software. Exams cover desktop, developer, and enterprise domains. Learn more at
esri.com/training/certification.

Social media and publications

Twitter: @EsriTraining and @Esri

Esri on LinkedIn: linkedin.com/company/esri

Esri training blog: esri.com/trainingblog

Esri publications: Access online editions of ArcNews, ArcUser, and ArcWatch at esri.com/esri- news/publications

Esri training newsletter: Subscribe at go.esri.com/training-news

Other Esri newsletters: Subscribe to industry-specific newsletters at go.esri.com/subscribe

Esri Press
Esri Press publishes books on the science and technology of GIS in numerous public and private sectors.
esripress.esri.com

ix
Esri resources (continued)
GIS bibliography
A comprehensive index of journals, conference proceedings, books, and reports related to GIS, including
references and full-text materials. gis.library.esri.com

ArcGIS documentation and tutorials

In-depth information, tutorials, and documentation for ArcGIS products. ArcGIS

Online: arcgis.com

ArcGIS Desktop: desktop.arcgis.com

ArcGIS Enterprise: enterprise.arcgis.com

Esri Community
Join the online community of GIS users and experts. community.esri.com

Esri events
Esri conferences and user group meetings offer a great way to network and learn how to achieve results
with ArcGIS. esri.com/events

Esri Videos
View an extensive collection of videos by Esri leaders, event keynote speakers, and product experts.
youtube.com/user/esritv

ArcGIS for Personal Use

Improve your GIS skills at home and use ArcGIS to enhance your personal projects. The ArcGIS for Personal
Use program includes a 12-month term license for ArcGIS Desktop, extension products, and an ArcGIS
Online named user account with 100 service credits. esri.com/personaluse

GIS Dictionary
This term browser defines and describes thousands of GIS terms. support.esri.com/en-us/gis- dictionary

x
Course introduction

Welcome to ArcGIS Pro: Essential Workflows. In this course, you will learn how to use ArcGIS Pro to
convert, manage, visualize, edit, analyze, and share GIS data, maps, and workflows. ArcGIS Pro's ribbon-
based interface and context sensitivity make this application quick to learn, easy to use, and efficient for
performing all GIS tasks.

Course goals
After completing this course, you will be able to perform the following tasks:

• Organize, create, and edit geographic data.

• Manage, symbolize, and label map layers.
• Analyze and model GIS data to solve spatial problems.
• Share maps and analysis results.

Installing the course data

Some exercises in this workbook require data. Depending on the course format, the data is available on a
DVD in the back of a printed workbook or as a data download. To use the data, extract it to your
C:\EsriTraining folder.

DISCLAIMER: Some courses use sample scripts or applications that are supplied either on the
DVD or on the Internet. These samples are provided "AS IS," without warranty of any kind,
either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or noninfringement. Esri shall not be liable
for any damages under any theory of law related to the licensee's use of these samples, even
if Esri is advised of the possibility of such damage.

1
Training Services account credentials

Your instructor will provide a temporary account and group to use during class. Record the

information below:

User name:

Password:

Group name:

Organization URL:

After completing this course, you will need your own account to perform course exercises that require
signing in to ArcGIS Online. The sign-in steps will vary based on your account type.

2
Icons used in this workbook
Estimated times provide guidance on approximately how many minutes an exercise will
take to complete.

Notes indicate additional information, exceptions, or special circumstances about

specific course topics.

Recommended practices improve efficiency and save time.

Esri Academy resources provide more in-depth training on related topics.

Additional resources provide additional information about related topics.

Warnings indicate potential problems or actions that should be avoided.

3
 1 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

ArcGIS Pro is Esri's flagship desktop GIS app. Whether you are a seasoned GIS user or just beginning
your GIS career, ArcGIS Pro may be new to you but will improve your GIS experience. The information
gained from this lesson provides a foundation that you will use throughout the course and later apply
in your own work.

Topics covered

ArcGIS Pro features ArcGIS

Pro license types Starting

ArcGIS Pro

1-1
Lesson 1

ArcGIS Pro features

ArcGIS Pro supports data visualization, advanced analysis, and authoritative data maintenance in both 2D
and 3D. ArcGIS Pro is tightly coupled with ArcGIS, supporting data sharing across ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS
Enterprise through the web.

Figure 1.1. With ArcGIS Pro, you can make maps, analyze data, automate processes, and share and access content on the web.
You can also work with various data types and combine 2D and 3D mapping in the same application.

1-2
 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

ArcGIS Pro features (continued)

The following table provides an overview of the key features of ArcGIS Pro.

Feature Description

Cartography and Create beautiful maps that can combine 2D and 3D with real-time views
visualization to tell a story.

Analytics and data Analyze data to understand where, identify locations, detect
science patterns, and make predictions.

Automation Make workflows more efficient by incorporating tasks, scripts, or

models.

Data editing and Ensure data accuracy and integrity using tools to edit spatial
management features and attributes.

Imagery Use and manage satellite, aerial, drone, and lidar data.

Artificial intelligence (AI) Use AI-powered algorithms and deep learning models to make informed
decisions.

Administration Deploy ArcGIS Pro across your organization.

Customization Adapt ArcGIS Pro by using add-ins and the ArcGIS Pro SDK for
.NET to meet your needs.

1-3
Lesson 1

Licensing ArcGIS Pro

ArcGIS Pro is a licensed software app. You may never have to manage licenses, but understanding how you
can access ArcGIS Pro is important, as the process may differ from organization to organization or even
within a specific organization. Each license handles app authorization, license management, and how the
user starts the app on first use.

Figure 1.2. You can license ArcGIS Pro in three main ways: single use, concurrent use, or a unique default license specific to
ArcGIS Pro called a named user account.

1-4
 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

Licensing ArcGIS Pro (continued)

The following table provides more information about each license type.

ArcGIS Pro Description

license

Named user • ArcGIS Pro and extension licenses are assigned to members of an
accounts
ArcGIS Online or ArcGIS Enterprise organization.
• Access all functionality assigned to the user account.
• Sign in on any machine that has ArcGIS Pro installed.
• Can be licensed on up to three machines simultaneously.

Single use • ArcGIS Pro and extension licenses are licensed on only one machine, such
as a desktop computer.
• Does not require signing in to ArcGIS Pro.
• To access information on ArcGIS Online, user must sign in using an
organizational account.

Concurrent • Enables multiple users to share access to ArcGIS Desktop, including ArcGIS
use
Pro, from any computer on a network or a virtual machine.
• License Manager software helps manage the pool of licenses.
• When a user starts ArcGIS Pro, license availability is checked.
• User chooses a license and any extensions that they want to use.
• Does not require signing in to ArcGIS Pro.
• To access information on ArcGIS Online, user must sign in using an
organizational account.

Regardless of whether you license ArcGIS Pro through a named user account or a license file, there are
three license levels: Basic, Standard, and Advanced. Each license level has a set amount of functionality,
increasing from Basic to Advanced.

1-5
Lesson 1

Template options for creating an ArcGIS Pro project

Upon starting ArcGIS Pro, you will see the ArcGIS Pro start page. On the ArcGIS Pro start page, you can
create a new project using one of several template options, or you can open an existing ArcGIS Pro project.
Each option for creating an ArcGIS Pro project from a template creates the same folder structure and
enables you to perform your work in ArcGIS Pro. You can create a custom project template to reuse that can
include maps, scenes, layouts, databases, folder connections, and other items. A project template is a
customized starting state for a project. You can also open a temporary project using the Start Without A
Template option. The following table describes each way to create an ArcGIS Pro project.

Template Description
option

Map Use to begin building a 2D map. An empty map is automatically added to the
project, and all project components are created.

Catalog Use if data management is your primary focus.

Global Use to begin building a 3D global scene. An empty global scene is automatically
Scene added to the project, and all project components are created.

Local Scene Use to begin building a 3D local scene. An empty local scene is automatically added
to the project, and all project components are created.

1-6
 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

Template options for creating an ArcGIS Pro project (continued)

Template Description
option

Start Use to view data, edit features or attributes, perform analysis, connect tables, or
Without A manage data. Also use when you do not need all project components. However,
Template you can save the project while you work, if needed.

1-7
Lesson 1

Project structure

ArcGIS Pro is a project-based app. Most GIS professionals work on projects that include maps, layouts,
tables, charts, reports, analysis models, and other components. When you create a project, ArcGIS Pro
generates a folder structure on disk containing default project elements of which you may only use some.
Each project gets a project geodatabase and toolbox when you create it.

Figure 1.3. ArcGIS Pro projects are the central location for maps, layouts, geodatabases, toolboxes, and styles. Each project can
contain multiple project items in each category.

ArcGIS Pro project files (.aprx) can contain the following project items:

• Project geodatabase connection

• Connection to a toolbox to store models specific to the project
• Styles, which are symbols and colors used in mapmaking (use the default styles, add from ArcGIS
Online, or import ArcMap styles)
• Maps and scenes (collectively called views), which can be 2D or 3D, and you can convert a 2D map
to a 3D scene
• Layouts, which are map elements arranged for publishing or sharing information, and you can
have many layouts in one project

1-8
 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

ArcGIS Pro interface

The ArcGIS Pro interface contains functionality to visualize, analyze, manage, and edit geographic
information. The interface is intuitive, modern, and context-sensitive; it minimizes clutter to provide more
space for viewing data. The following table describes several key interface elements and tools.

Interface Description
element

Tab and ribbon Many commands are available on the ribbon at the top of the interface,
structure organized by thematic tabs based on functionality. Customize the ribbon
options by creating tabs and adding commands.

Context- Commands on the ribbon change based on the type of layer that is
sensitive tabs selected in the Contents pane.

Panes Each pane is a dockable window that contains a related set of

commands.

Explore tool This tool is used for map navigation, including zooming and panning in 2D or
3D.

Selection tools These tools are used to interactively select map features.

1-9
Lesson 1

ArcGIS Pro interface (continued)

Interface Description
element

Command search You can find and open tools and commands, and related
documentation, directly from the user interface.

Quick Access On a customizable toolbar, add or remove tools and commands that are
Toolbar available regardless of which tab is selected.

1-10
Exercise 1 30 minutes

Use map navigation and data exploration tools

You have seen the basics of the ArcGIS Pro interface and the project structure. You will now use common
ArcGIS Pro tools to explore your data.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Create a project.
• Add layers to a map.
• Use ArcGIS Pro Help.
• Use basic map navigation tools.

1-11
 Lesson 1

Step 1: Create a project

You will sign in to ArcGIS Pro and create a project that you will use throughout the training course.

a Start ArcGIS Pro.

b In the ArcGIS Sign In dialog box, click Your ArcGIS Organization's URL, if necessary. For the

c organization's URL, type trainingservices and click Continue.

d Click Your Course Account.

e Enter the organizational account username and password that are provided by your instructor, and
then click Sign In.

f On the ArcGIS Pro start page, under New Project, click Map.

g In the Create A New Project dialog box, for Name, type CourseProject. For

h Location, click the Browse button .

i On the left side of the New Project Location dialog box, click This PC.

j On the right side, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW. Click

k StudentProjects to select it and click OK.

l Click OK.

The project opens with an empty map because you chose the Map template. Each map that you add
contains the World Topographic Map basemap from ArcGIS Online. ArcGIS Pro is integrated with ArcGIS
Online to provide you with quality basemaps that enhance your visual display and help to orient map
readers.

1-12
 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

If you do not want to use a basemap, you can uncheck the layer in the Contents pane to turn it
off, or you can remove the basemap layer from the map. You can also change the application's
default basemap option to either use a different basemap or not add a basemap.

m In the Contents pane, click Map to select it, and then click it again to make the text editable, as
shown in the following graphic.

n Update the map name to Quebec, and then press Enter.

The map name updates in the Contents pane and on the map's tab in the map view area.

Step 2: Add a folder connection

To facilitate browsing for data, you will add a connection to the folder that contains the data that you will
use throughout the course.

a View the Catalog pane.

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Lesson 1

b Right-click Folders and choose Add Folder Connection.

c In the Add Folder Connection dialog box, browse to C:\EsriTraining, select the APEW folder, and then
click OK.

d In the Catalog pane, expand Folders, and then expand the APEW folder to view the course data
folders.

The folder connection will remain in this project throughout the course, so you will not have to create it for
each new exercise. By default, folder connections are specific to the project in which they were created.
Therefore, the connection to the APEW folder will not exist in other projects that you create. However, you
can set a folder connection to appear in all new projects.

e Right-click the APEW folder connection and choose Add To Favorites.

Project favorites consist of a collection of folders, databases, toolboxes, servers, custom styles, and other
items that you frequently use. Any item that you designate as a favorite can be added to any project from
the Catalog pane or the catalog view.

When you add an item to Favorites, a reference, not a copy, to that item is stored in your user
profile and will automatically show up in all other projects until it is removed.

f In the Catalog pane, click the Favorites tab.

On the Favorites tab, you will see the new item that you added. On the right side of the pane, the Add Item
menu allows you to add to your collection from this tab.

g In the Catalog pane, click the Project tab.

h Right-click the APEW folder connection and choose Add To New Projects.

You can also set the folder connection as the default folder for the project to facilitate browsing for data.

i Right-click the APEW folder connection and choose Make Default.

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 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

A small house icon appears above the folder icon for the APEW folder. This folder is now set as the home
folder for the project. When you browse to data, the dialog box will open to this folder, making browsing to
your course data more convenient.

j In the Catalog pane, click the Computer tab and view the options.

Like File Explorer, the Computer tab enables you to navigate to directory items such as Desktop,
Documents, Downloads, and so on, giving you easy access to manage files and folders without creating
folder connections.

Step 3: Add layers to the map

Next, you will add data from the course folder connection to the map.

a In the Catalog pane, click the Project tab.

b Expand the Quebec folder, and then expand QuebecCity.gdb.

QuebecCity.gdb is a geodatabase that contains three feature classes.

c Select the first feature class, and then press Shift and click the last feature class to select all three
feature classes.

d Drag the data into the map.

The colors in your map might differ from the ones displayed in graphics throughout the course.

When you add data to a map, ArcGIS Pro creates layers for each data source. The layers reference

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Lesson 1

the actual source data and can contain many different display properties. For example, you can change the
colors of layers, how they are symbolized, the layer name, labels, and so on. You will get experience
working with many of these layer properties in this course. Next, you will change the layer names so that
they display in English.

e In the Contents pane, right-click the Arbres_non_répertoriés layer and choose Properties. In the

f Layer Properties dialog box, click the General tab, if necessary.

g For Name, type Trees, and then click OK to close the dialog box.

h In the Contents pane, click the name of the second layer to select it, and then click it again to make
the text editable.

i Type Bike Trails, and then press Enter.

j Using either method, change the name of the final feature layer to Boroughs.

Data source names are not always meaningful. Renaming layers can make your map easier to understand.

When a layer is added to a map, it is visible by default. However, you can turn layers on and off to control
their visibility. You can also select layers to access more options.

k In the Contents pane, uncheck the box for the Trees layer.

Unchecking the layer turns off its visibility. You can check the box again to turn on visibility for the layer. A
layer that is off cannot be used for navigation.

l In the Contents pane, check the box for the Trees layer to turn it on. Click the

m area to the right of the layer name to select the layer.

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 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

A layer that is selected in the Contents pane will be highlighted in blue. When you select a layer, you gain
access to more methods for navigation and interacting with the layer.

Step 4: Use ArcGIS Pro Help to find tools

In this step, you will use ArcGIS Pro Help to locate several commonly used GIS operations such as Zoom,
Pan, and Identify features.

There are several ways to access the ArcGIS Pro Help documentation:

• On the start page, click the Learning Resources tab and click the Help icon .
• From the Project tab, in the left pane, click the Help option.
• From the ribbon, click the Help tab. In the Help group, click the Help button and choose Online
Help to view the help in a web browser or choose Offline Help to open the help in a separate
viewer.
• From the upper-right corner of ArcGIS Pro, click the View Help button .

a On the ribbon, click the Project tab.

b In the left pane, click Help to open ArcGIS Pro Help.

c On the left, expand Maps And Scenes, and then click Interact With Maps And Scenes, as specified
in the following graphic.

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 Lesson 1

Many navigation methods appear as links that you can click to obtain more information. Information about
the Explore tool displays on the web page after the navigation introduction.

d Scroll down, if necessary, and then read the Explore maps and scenes section.

1. Which tool is used to navigate around a map or scene?

e Close your web browser and return to ArcGIS Pro.

Step 5: Navigate the map

In this step, you will use navigation functionality to explore the map.

a If necessary, on the Map tab, in the Navigate group, click the Explore tool. Practice

b zooming in and out using the mouse wheel.

c Holding down the right mouse button, move your pointer up and down to zoom a different way.

d From the Map tab, next to the Explore tool, click the Full Extent button .

The map zooms to the extent of the world because of the topographic map. You can return to

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 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

Quebec City by manually zooming or zooming back an extent.

e From the Map tab, click the Previous Extent button .

f Click the Previous Extent button again, and then click the Next Extent button .

The Previous Extent and Next Extent buttons are similar to clicking the back and forward arrows in a web
browser. However, in ArcGIS Pro, you are going back and forward map extents, not web pages.

g Practice using the Fixed Zoom In and Fixed Zoom Out buttons. On the

h View tab, in the Navigation group, click the Magnifier tool.

Within a 2D map, the Magnifier tool opens a small overlay window that displays zoomed-in details of the
location under the window.

i With the magnifier window open, zoom in and out.

You can move the magnifier window around the view, change the window size, and adjust the
magnification level.

j In the top-right corner of the magnifier window, click the Pin button , and then move the
window.

A pinned magnifier window locks the zoomed-in camera position and allows you to move the magnifier
window. When a magnifier window is pinned, navigation is unavailable. When you unpin the magnifier
window, the camera position resets to the new location.

k Leave the magnifier window open and continue to the next step.

Step 6: View feature attributes

You will use the Explore tool to view attributes.

a In the Contents pane, right-click the Boroughs layer and choose Zoom To Layer.

b With the Explore tool, click the northernmost borough (as specified in the following graphic) to flash it
on the map and view its attributes.

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Lesson 1

A pop-up window opens and displays the attributes for the borough that you selected.

c Close the pop-up window.

You can control which layers that you get attributes for by changing a setting in the Explore tool.

d On the Map tab, click the Explore tool down arrow.

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 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

When you have many features, choosing either Visible Layers or Selected In Contents may make it easier to
click features in specific layers.

e Choose Selected In Contents.

f In the Contents pane, select Bike Trails.

g Move the magnifier window over an area with bike trails. Click a

h bike trail to see its attributes in the pop-up window.

Any active tool works in the magnifier window, such as opening pop-ups, snapping while editing, and
measuring within and outside the window.

i When you are finished exploring, close the pop-up window and the magnifier window.

Hint: View tab > Navigation group > select the Magnifier tool Click a

j borough or tree feature.

Bike Trails is selected in the Contents pane, so no attributes display when you click features from another
layer. The Selected In Contents option narrows down the layers that can be accessed from the Explore tool.

k Change the Explore tool option to Visible Layers. Click a

l tree point.

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 Lesson 1

The attributes that you see will be different based on the feature that you clicked.

When you use the Visible Layers option, the pop-up window often shows attributes from more than one
layer.

In the lower-right corner of the pop-up window, you can print, select, flash, or zoom to the
feature that you clicked.

m Close the pop-up window, and, if necessary, zoom to the extent of the Boroughs layer again.

Hint: Contents pane > right-click Boroughs > Zoom To Layer

Step 7: Select features interactively

ArcGIS Pro selection tools can help you locate certain features in your map. You may want to find and
export features that meet certain criteria into their own dataset. Next, you will learn how to interactively
select features in a map.

a From the Map tab, in the Selection group, click Select, as specified in the following graphic.

Do not click the down arrow.

b In the map, click the northernmost borough (the same one that you clicked with the Explore tool).

The borough is outlined, indicating that it is selected. You can view a selected set in the map or in the
attribute table.

c In the Contents pane, right-click Boroughs and choose Attribute Table. If

d necessary, resize the attribute table to see all the records.

Six records display in the attribute table, with one selected (highlighted in blue). If there were thousands of
features and you wanted to quickly view the selection, you could do so in the attribute table by viewing
only the selected records.

e In the lower-left corner of the table window, click the Show Selected Records button.

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 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

You will see only the one selected record. When a record is selected, you can add to or remove from the
selection in the map or in the table.

f After viewing the selected record, return to viewing all records by clicking the Show All Records button.

In the table, press Ctrl and click the gray box to the left of the OBJECTID_1 value of 4 to add another
g borough to the selection.

The associated feature is selected in the map.

h Press Shift, and then in the map, click another borough to add it to the selection. Press

i Ctrl, and then click a borough that is already selected to clear the selection.

When you modify the selection, the table updates with the map.

j In the attribute table, click the Clear Selection button to clear the selection. Close

k the attribute table.

Step 8: Change the basemap

While every map has the World Topographic basemap from ArcGIS Online, you may not want to keep it as
the basemap. There are many other basemaps to choose from when you do not need to show the
topographic map.

a From the Map tab, in the Layer group, click the Basemap down arrow and choose Light Gray Canvas.

The basemap is now a bit more subtle. You can also set the default basemap to be different from

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Lesson 1

the World Topographic basemap for any new maps that you add.

b From the ribbon, click the Project tab. In

c the left pane, click Options.

d Under Application, click Map And Scene.

e Under Basemap, click Custom Basemap, if necessary. From

f the drop-down list, choose Light Gray Canvas.

g Click OK.

h In the upper-left corner of ArcGIS Pro, click the Back button to return to the map. From

i the Insert tab, in the Project group, click New Map.

The map is added with the Light Gray Canvas basemap. You can change the default basemap for new maps
at any time.

j In the Catalog pane, expand Maps.

k Right-click the map named Map and choose Delete. Click Yes

l to confirm that you want to delete the map.

m At the top of the map view area, close the Quebec map.

n In the top-left corner of the screen, above the ribbon, click the Save button to save the project, and
then leave ArcGIS Pro open.

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 Getting started with ArcGIS Pro

Lesson review

1. What are some items that are stored in ArcGIS Pro projects?

2. What are several key interface elements of ArcGIS Pro?

Esri Training course: Getting Started with ArcGIS Pro

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 Answers to Lesson 1 questions

Exercise 1: Use map navigation and data exploration tools (page 1-11)
1. Which tool is used to navigate around a map or scene?
The Explore tool is used to navigate around a map or scene.

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 2 Working with GIS data

Data is vital for any GIS project. Without data, there is no project, map, or results to share with others.
You will learn about some commonly used data sources that you can use to build your GIS database
and tools to convert between formats. ArcGIS Pro can work with many data sources, but you may want
to standardize your data to one model. In this class, you will use the geodatabase as your primary data
storage container and populate your geodatabase using existing data.

Topics covered

Data models and characteristics Connecting to

data sources in ArcGIS Pro

Populating a geodatabase using existing data

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Lesson 2

Data storage models

You can group most GIS data into three main storage models: vector, raster, and tabular. Each of these
formats is best suited for specific types of geographic information.

Figure 2.1. Most GIS data is stored as vector, raster, or tabular models, depending on how the data was captured. You can work
with many variations of each in ArcGIS Pro.

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 Working with GIS data

Data storage models (continued)

The following table contains additional information about data models.

Vector • Shapefiles, geodatabase feature classes (the native data structure for
ArcGIS), KML files, and CAD data
• Stores features as points, lines, or polygons
• Many vector data sources store data as feature classes, which are collections of
features that share geometry, attributes, and spatial reference

Raster • Satellite imagery, digital elevation model (DEM), and surfaces

• Rows and columns of equal-sized cells where each cell contains a value
representing information

Tabular • Excel spreadsheets, CSV files, DBF files, and relational database tables
• Contains supporting information and has no spatial component
• Can store addresses or coordinates and use them to create spatial features
• Field names are of a specific type, such as text, number, or date

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 Lesson 2

Spatial data properties

Vector data attributes

The vector data model uses points, lines, and polygons to represent real-world features. Vector models are
useful for storing data that has discrete boundaries, such as country borders, land parcels, and streets. A
vector dataset also has an associated attribute table that stores information describing the real-world
features being modeled. The information contained in an attribute table is called attributes.

Metadata
Information that describes data is called metadata. Metadata helps you better understand a dataset by
providing you with information about what the file and its attribute fields represent, its origin and intended
use, and how accurate and recent it is. It can help you identify the source of the data and make decisions
about its suitability for a particular scenario.

Spatial reference
In GIS, the spatial reference system is used to determine feature locations. The absolute location for any
vector feature is stored as a pair of coordinate values. The coordinate values are stored as numeric values
that relate to the overall reference system, called a coordinate system. There are two major types of
coordinate systems: geographic coordinate systems and projected coordinate systems.

1. Why is it important to verify that your data has the necessary attributes?

2. Why is having complete and accurate metadata important?

3. Why is it important to determine the spatial reference of your data?

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 Working with GIS data

Locating key data properties

Understanding the properties of your data is important to using and creating GIS data. You must also know
where to access the properties for simple data exploration or editing operations. In ArcGIS Pro, you can use
the Catalog pane or the catalog view to access data properties and the Contents pane to access layer
properties. Reviewing the properties can provide better insight into your data, allowing you to make the
necessary changes when displaying your data.

Figure 2.2. In ArcGIS Pro, you can locate data properties to view, manage, and edit them.

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Exercise 2A 15 minutes

Connect to data sources in ArcGIS Pro

There are many ways to add data to a project in ArcGIS Pro. In this exercise, you will add data from several
sources.

In this exercise, you will perform the following task:

• Add shapefiles, feature classes, and ArcGIS Online data to a map.

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 Working with GIS data

Step 1: Add shapefiles to a map

You will now add shapefiles to a map. Shapefiles are a common data format that represent the real world
as points, lines, or polygons.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b In the Catalog pane, browse to your APEW folder connection and expand the Hawaii folder.

The folder contains several shapefiles, which you can identify by the .shp file extension and green icons.

c Right-click Street_Centerline.shp, point to Add To New, and choose Map.

A new map is inserted into the project, and the Street_Centerline layer is added. The color that is initially
used to symbolize the layer is selected at random.

d In the Contents pane, rename the map to Add Data.

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Lesson 2

Hint: Click the name of the map, pause, and then click it again to make the text editable. Rename the

e Street_Centerline layer to Streets.

f In the Catalog pane, in the Hawaii folder, drag Soils.shp into the map. In the

g Contents pane, turn off the Streets layer.

h From the Map tab, in the Layer group, click Add Data .

i In the Add Data dialog box, browse to ..\EsriTraining\APEW\Hawaii, click Parks.shp to select it, and
then click OK.

j In the Contents pane, turn off the Soils layer to see the parks.

k Right-click Parks and choose Zoom To Layer.

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 Working with GIS data

The Parks layer is added to the map using a method that did not require a folder connection.

l Save the project.

Step 2: Add geodatabase feature classes to a map

Next, you will add geodatabase feature classes to the map. You can add geodatabase data to a map using
the same methods that you used with shapefiles. You can create direct connections to geodatabases in
ArcGIS Pro that are similar to folder connections and allow you to quickly access a geodatabase.

a From the Catalog pane, in the Hawaii folder, notice the geodatabase named Oahu.gdb. In the

b Catalog pane, right-click Databases and choose Add Database.

c In the Select Existing Geodatabase dialog box, browse to ..\EsriTraining\APEW\Hawaii, select

Oahu.gdb, and then click OK.

d In the Catalog pane, expand Databases.

A connection to the Oahu geodatabase is added. The connection to the CourseProject

2-9
Lesson 2

geodatabase was automatically created as part of the project.

e Expand Oahu.gdb.

f Select both feature classes in this geodatabase, and then drag them into the map. In the

g Contents pane, turn off the Parks layer.

After you have added data to a map, you cannot tell by looking at it whether it is a geodatabase feature
class, a shapefile, or from another source. You can change the view of the Contents pane to quickly
discover a layer's data source.

h At the top of the Contents pane, click the List By Data Source button .

When you change the view of the Contents pane, the data sources appear for the layers.

In this map, you have basemaps from ArcGIS Online, shapefiles from the Hawaii folder, and feature classes
from the Oahu geodatabase.

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 Working with GIS data

i Notice that layers referencing the same folder or geodatabase are grouped. Save the

j project.

Step 3: Add data from ArcGIS Online

Content from ArcGIS Online or an ArcGIS Enterprise portal can be easily added in ArcGIS Pro. Next, you will
add layers from ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World.

a At the top of the Catalog pane, click the Portal tab.

The Portal tab provides an easy way to search for online content within your organization or ArcGIS Online.

b Click the Living Atlas button .

You will add a dataset from ArcGIS Living Atlas, a centralized location where authoritative, curated, and
ready-to-use ArcGIS Online content is made available to the GIS community.

c In the search field, type kilauea and press Enter.

d In the search results list, right-click the Kilauea Imagery web map and choose Add And Open.

A web map showing the Kilauea volcano eruption in Hawaii is added to the project. When the content that
you are adding is a web map, your only option is to add it to the project and open it as a new map. You
cannot add web maps to an existing map.

e Using the Explore tool, zoom in and pan around the image.

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Lesson 2

You can use ArcGIS Living Atlas layers and maps to enhance your mapping experience. Many items from
ArcGIS Living Atlas can be exported or packaged to your local computer. You will learn more about
packaging layers later in the course. You will also export ArcGIS Living Atlas layers to a geodatabase feature
class.

f Close the open maps.

g Save the project, and then keep ArcGIS Pro open for the next exercise.

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 Working with GIS data

Getting data into a geodatabase

There are many ways to get data into your geodatabase. In addition to copying and pasting, you can use
geoprocessing tools that work with specific data formats.

Methods for populating a geodatabase using existing data

Method Example use case

Drag and drop Drag a feature class from a geodatabase to a feature dataset or from a feature
dataset to a geodatabase. Press Ctrl and drag to enforce a copy. Press Shift and
drag to enforce a move.

Copy and Copy one or more datasets from one geodatabase to another.
paste

Export Convert a feature class or feature layer into a feature class.

Features

Feature Class Convert multiple shapefiles, feature layers, or geodatabase feature

To classes into geodatabase feature classes.
Geodatabase
tool

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Exercise 2B 30 minutes

Populate a geodatabase with data

In the first exercise, you created a project that you will use for most of the course exercises. In this
exercise, you will use ArcGIS Pro outside your course project by opening it without a template.
You will use several different data management methods to populate a geodatabase. In this

exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Create a file geodatabase.

• Import various data sources into a geodatabase.

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 Working with GIS data

Step 1: Use ArcGIS Pro without a template

First, you will start a new instance of ArcGIS Pro without using a preset template or creating a project. When
you are performing data management, you may not want to create a project and all the related project
items just to import data into a geodatabase. While you could use your course project for data
management, you will use ArcGIS Pro without a template.

a In ArcGIS Pro, click the Project tab, and, if necessary, click New. Under

b New Project, choose Start Without A Template.

A new, untitled ArcGIS Pro project opens. This instance looks mostly the same but does not open with a
map. The project structure is created on disk in a temporary user folder. If you open an ArcGIS Pro project
without a template, you can save your instance as a project later. If you do not save a project when you are
done working, the files are deleted. For this exercise, you do not need to save the project, because you are
managing data in an existing database.

Step 2: Create a file geodatabase

You will create a file geodatabase, and then import other data sources into it.

a In the Catalog pane, expand Folders and APEW.

The folder connection to the course data exists in this new instance of ArcGIS Pro because you
previously set it to appear in all new projects.

b Right-click the Hawaii folder, point to New, and choose File Geodatabase.

c Expand the Hawaii folder, if necessary, and then update the New File Geodatabase.gdb name to
HawaiiData.

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 Lesson 2

Your new geodatabase displays in the Hawaii folder.

d In the Catalog pane, under Databases, right-click HawaiiData.gdb and choose Make Default.

Step 3: Transfer data between geodatabases

Next, you will add two feature classes from Oahu.gdb to your new file geodatabase. You will use two
different methods to copy the feature classes.

a Under Folders, expand Oahu.gdb, right-click LesseeLand, and choose Copy. Right-

b click HawaiiData.gdb and choose Paste.

The feature class is copied into your geodatabase.

c Drag the OwnedLand feature class into HawaiiData.gdb to create a copy of this feature class, too.

d Expand HawaiiData.gdb.

The two feature classes now exist in both geodatabases. You will keep the source data as a backup, but you
could delete it if you did not need it anymore.

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 Working with GIS data

Step 4: Import a shapefile into a geodatabase feature class

Next, you will import a shapefile into your geodatabase using a geoprocessing tool.

a From the Catalog pane, right-click HawaiiData.gdb, point to Import, and choose Feature Class(es).

b In the Feature Class To Geodatabase tool, notice that the output location is already set to HawaiiData.gdb because
you accessed the tool from the geodatabase.

c For Input Features, click the Browse button .

d Browse to ..\EsriTraining\APEW\Hawaii, select Street_Centerline.shp, and then click OK.

For now, you will convert all features in the Street_Centerline shapefile into a geodatabase feature class.

e At the bottom of the pane, click Run.

f At the bottom of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Catalog tab to activate the Catalog pane. Under

g Hawaii, expand HawaiiData.gdb, if necessary.

If you do not see the Street_Centerline feature class, right-click HawaiiData.gdb and choose
Refresh.

You will update the name of the Street_Centerline feature class to just Streets, because this is your primary
street data within the geodatabase.

h Right-click Street_Centerline and choose Rename.

i Type Streets, and then press Enter to confirm the change.

The HawaiiData geodatabase contains three feature classes that you converted from other

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 Lesson 2

sources. If you are converting CAD feature classes or other similar data into geodatabase feature classes,
you will use the same tools.

Step 5: Import multiple feature classes into a geodatabase

In the previous step, you used the Feature Class To Geodatabase tool to convert one shapefile to a
geodatabase feature class. In this step, you will use the same tool to convert many shapefiles into one
geodatabase feature class.

a Restore the Geoprocessing pane and click the Back button .

You can also open the Feature Class To Geodatabase tool from the Geoprocessing pane.

b In the search field, type feature class to and press Enter.

c In the list of search results, click Feature Class To Geodatabase to open the tool. The

Feature Class To Geodatabase tool allows you to convert many inputs at a time.

d For Input Features, click the Browse button.

e Browse to ..\EsriTraining\APEW\Hawaii\ShapefilesForImport.

f Select all the shapefiles and click OK.

Hint: Select the shapefile at the top of the list, and then press Shift and click the shapefile at the
bottom of the list.

g For Output Geodatabase, click the Browse button.

h On the left side of the dialog box, click Databases, and then select HawaiiData.gdb and click OK.

i Click Run.

j From the Catalog pane, in the HawaiiData geodatabase, view the added feature classes.

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 Working with GIS data

If you do not see the added feature classes, right-click the HawaiiData geodatabase and choose
Refresh.

You have converted many shapefiles into geodatabase feature classes with one tool.

Step 6: Convert tabular data

In this step, you will import a CSV file into your geodatabase. Just as shapefiles are converted to the
geodatabase native storage format of feature classes, imported tables become geodatabase tables.

a From the Insert tab, in the Project group, click New Map.

b From the Catalog pane, in the Hawaii folder, drag ZoningClassDescriptions.csv into the map.

No features are added to the map, but the CSV table is added to the Contents pane.

c In the Contents pane, right-click the table and choose Open.

This table associates zoning class codes with a longer description of each zoning class. Nonspatial tables like
this table are often joined to spatial layers to provide additional attributes.

d Notice that certain functions that modify the source data, such as Add, Delete, and Calculate, are not
enabled in the CSV table.

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 Lesson 2

If you want to edit this table in ArcGIS Pro, you must import it into a geodatabase.

e Close the table.

f In the Contents pane, confirm that the table is selected.

g From the Standalone Table tab, in the Export group, click Export Table.

The Table To Table tool opens in the Export Table dialog box. You will use this tool to load the data from the
CSV file into your geodatabase.

h In the Export Table dialog box, set or confirm the following parameters:

• Input Table: ZoningClassDescriptions.csv

• Output Table: ..\EsriTraining\APEW\Hawaii\HawaiiData.gdb\ZoningClassDescriptions

By previously setting the HawaiiData.gdb file as the default geodatabase, the geodatabase is
automatically set as the output location.

i Click OK.

j From the Catalog pane, in the HawaiiData geodatabase, find the ZoningClassDescriptions table.

If necessary, refresh the geodatabase.

The table is automatically added to the Contents pane.

k From the Contents pane, open the table.

l Notice that the functionality that was previously disabled is now enabled in the geodatabase table.

m Close the ZoningClassDescriptions table.

Step 7: Convert online data

In this step, you will add data from ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World and export a subset of the data to your
geodatabase.

a At the top of the Catalog pane, click the Portal tab, and then click the Living Atlas button , if
necessary.

b In the search field, type Hawaiian home lands and press Enter.

c Right-click the Hawaiian Home Lands item and choose Add To Current Map.

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 Working with GIS data

d In the Contents pane, right-click Hawaiian_Home_Lands and choose Properties.

You can also double-click a layer to open its properties.

e In the Layer Properties dialog box, click the Source tab.

Because this feature service is accessed from the internet, the URL indicates an online server as the data
source.

f Close the Layer Properties dialog box.

Next, you will make a selection and import only the selected features into a geodatabase feature class.

g Using the Explore tool, zoom in to the island of Oahu, Hawaii.

You can also zoom in to Oahu by searching for Oahu Island, HI, USA, using the Locate tool in the
Inquiry group on the Map tab.

You will select the home lands on Oahu and export them.

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Lesson 2

h In the Contents pane, right-click Hawaiian_Home_Lands, point to Selection, and choose Select Visible
Features.

i Right-click Hawaiian_Home_Lands again, point to Data, and choose Export Features.

The Export Features dialog box opens with Hawaiian_Home_Lands set as the Input Features parameter and
HawaiiData.gdb set as the Output Location parameter.

j In the Export Features dialog box, for Output Feature Class, type Oahu_Home_Lands.

Names of feature classes and fields in a table cannot contain spaces. When naming items, using
an underscore is a common way to mimic a space.

k Click OK.

A new Oahu_Home_Lands layer is added to the map.

Some datasets in ArcGIS Living Atlas may have use restrictions, so it is good practice to check the
terms of use on each layer.

l In the Contents pane, change the view to List By Data Source .

m Notice that the features that you exported are now stored in your geodatabase.

You have imported shapefiles, geodatabase feature classes, tables, and ArcGIS Online feature services into
your geodatabase.

n Exit ArcGIS Pro, and when prompted to save a project, click No.

Because you started ArcGIS Pro without a template, no project is saved when you choose not to save
changes. If you wanted to save a project at this time, you could choose Yes to create the project structure.

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 Working with GIS data

Lesson review

1. What are the three main data storage models?

2. What are the three spatial data properties that can affect your work and why?

3. What are some ways to get data into a geodatabase?

Esri Training course: Integrating Data in ArcGIS Pro

2-23
 Answers to Lesson 2 questions

Spatial data properties (page 2-4)

1. Why is it important to verify that your data has the necessary attributes?
Attributes stored in the attribute table describe the real-world features.

2. Why is having complete and accurate metadata important?

Metadata provides information for making decisions about its suitability for a particular
scenario.

3. Why is it important to determine the spatial reference of your data?

The spatial reference system is used to determine feature locations.

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 3 Coordinate systems

GIS data must accurately represent real-world feature locations to be useful. To determine the location
of features in the real world or on a map, you need a reference system—a standard framework for
defining location.

In GIS, the reference systems used to determine feature locations are called coordinate systems. In
this lesson, you will learn about different coordinate systems, how they work, and how to change the
coordinate system for a dataset. By better understanding coordinate systems, you will be able to
manage your data in a way that increases the accuracy of your GIS maps and the work that you do
with them.

Topics covered

Coordinate systems

Geographic transformations

Changing map projections

3-1
 Lesson 3

Differentiate between coordinate system types

A coordinate system is simply a frame of reference for defining locations on the earth's surface. You can
work with a geographic coordinate system (GCS) and a projected coordinate system (PCS). Each feature
class that you work with should have both, depending on the application. You will read more about these
two coordinate systems in an Esri blog and answer some questions.

Figure 3.1. A GCS is represented on the left and a PCS is represented on the right.

Instructions
a In a web browser, go to www.esri.com.

b In the top-right corner, click the Search button , type Geographic Vs Projected Coordinate
Systems, and then press Enter.

c In the search results, click Geographic Vs Projected Coordinate Systems. Read the

d blog and answer the following questions in your workbook.

e When you are finished, close the web browser.

1. What is the difference between a GCS and a PCS?

3-2
 Coordinate systems

Differentiate between coordinate system types (continued)

2. Where can you find the details of the coordinate systems for your map?

3. Why is knowing the latitude and longitude of a location not enough to know where it will
draw on your map?

3-3
Lesson 3

Geographic transformations

A GCS defines a framework for identifying locations on a 3D globe. Each GCS has a spheroid that sets the
size and shape of the earth. While a spheroid approximates the shape of the earth, a datum defines the
position of the spheroid relative to either a local intersection point or the center of the earth. Datums also
provide a frame of reference for measuring locations on the surface of the earth.

Figure 3.2. Local datums (left) will display coordinates differently than earth-centered datums (right) because the origin for
measurements is different. Because datum reference points can be different, the same location on the ground will have
different coordinate values in a different GCS. If you are using datasets that are based on a different GCS, you should set a
geographic, or datum, transformation.

When you receive data from other sources, it is always good practice to check the spatial
reference, which indicates the PCS and GCS and other parameters.

There are two common coordinate system issues when bringing other data sources into your geodatabase:

1. The data is unprojected but has a GCS that is different from your source data.
2. The data is in the same PCS as your other data, but the GCS is different.

ArcGIS Pro will display data that has a different GCS in the same map by performing an on-the-fly datum
transformation. However, to adhere to organizational standards and to minimize errors while editing or
performing analysis, it is good practice to transform the datum in the source data.

ArcGIS Blog: Transformation warning: What does it mean and what should I do?

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 Coordinate systems

Importance of projected data

Map projections
All spatial data is created in some coordinate system. The coordinates themselves may be decimal degrees,
feet, meters, or kilometers, or any form of measurement. There is no perfect way to transpose a curved
surface to a flat surface without some distortion, so many different map projections exist that provide
different properties. There are several existing organizational or industry-standard map projections that
drive which PCS you can use for your products.

Map projection considerations:

• Some map projections preserve shape, while some preserve distance, area, or direction.
• The extent, location, and property that you want to preserve as they apply to your data must guide
your choice of map projection.

• For example, if you are creating a map for property taxes, then area is an important
property to preserve.

Figure 3.3. Map projections convert latitude and longitude values to linear measures and allow you to display real- world
features on a map or computer screen.

On-the-fly projection
ArcGIS Pro reprojects data on the fly. Any data that you add to a map adopts the coordinate system
definition of the first layer added, as long as the first layer added has its coordinate system correctly
defined. When using on-the-fly projection, remember the following:

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Lesson 3

Importance of projected data (continued)

• It facilitates exploring and mapping data, but it should not be used for analysis or editing.
• It can lead to inaccuracies from misaligned data between different layers.
• If you plan to edit your data or perform spatial analysis, you should project the data using a
geoprocessing tool that creates a dataset with the correct projection.

New suggested projected coordinate system

ArcGIS Pro can suggest a PCS by specifying a GCS, the map extent, and the projection property that you
want for the map. Depending on the data and options chosen, you can choose the projection property for
the map from the list below:

Equal-Area Optimize to preserve areas.

Conformal Optimize to preserve local angles, giving the appearance of preserving

shape at the expense of area and distance.

Equidistant From One Optimize to preserve distances only along lines running through the
Point center point of the PCS.

Equidistant Along Optimize to preserve north-south distances only. Distances in any other
Meridians direction are not preserved.

Compromise Optimize to preserve none of these properties specifically, but

attempt to minimize distortion of each property.

No projection can preserve distances in every direction everywhere on the map.

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 Coordinate systems

Projecting data

It is common for organizations to have a standard coordinate system for all datasets. It is also common to
receive data from other sources that do not match the organizational standards for coordinate systems.
When data is received in a different coordinate system, it is good practice to perform the following actions
to ensure the proper spatial reference.

Map projection best practices

Pay attention to the spatial reference of incoming data.

Project all your data to the coordinate system that your organization uses before you make your map
and you will not have issues.

3-7
Exercise 3 30 minutes

Change coordinate systems

You are beginning an environmental mapping project in Belize, and you are organizing data that you have
received from several sources. Before you begin the analysis phase of the project, you will use ArcGIS Pro
to transform and project your data into a common coordinate system.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Inspect spatial reference properties for data.

• Transform datums.
• Reproject data.

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 Coordinate systems

Step 1: Import a map file

You will import a pre-created map file that contains the layer that you will work with in your course project.

a Start ArcGIS Pro.

b Under Recent Projects, open the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

c From the Insert tab, in the Project group, click Import Map.

d In the Import dialog box, under Project, click Folders to see the folder connections.

e Double-click the APEW folder, double-click Belize, select SpatialReference.mapx, and then click OK.

The map file opens, displaying layers in Belize. A map file is a map that exists outside your project that
facilitates sharing maps with other users. When you add a map file, it draws exactly as it was

3-9
 Lesson 3

saved, provided the data referenced by the map layers is accessible. The map file does not store data—
only the layers, symbology, and other map properties.

Step 2: Inspect spatial reference properties

Next, you will explore the spatial reference properties for map layers.

a In the Contents pane, double-click the Roads layer to open the layer properties. Click the

b Source tab.

c Scroll down and expand Spatial Reference.

d Inspect both the Projected Coordinate System and Geographic Coordinate System lines.

This layer uses the correct geographic and projected coordinate systems: WGS 1984 UTM Zone 16N.

e Close the Layer Properties dialog box. Open the

f Boundary Line layer properties. Locate the

g spatial reference information.

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 Coordinate systems

1. What are the projected and geographic coordinate systems for the Boundary Line
layer?

The Roads layer and the Boundary Line layer have the same PCS (UTM Zone 16N), but they have a
different GCS.

h Close the Layer Properties dialog box.

i In the Contents pane, double-click the SpatialReference map to open the map properties. Click the

j Coordinate Systems tab.

2. What did ArcGIS Pro do with the Boundary Line layer to ensure that it displayed with
the Roads layer?

k Close the Map Properties dialog box.

Step 3: Inspect on-the-fly projection and transformation settings

Next, you will explore the map and how the layer that was transformed on the fly displays with the other
layer.

a In the map view, zoom in to the area that is shown in the following graphic.

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Lesson 3

b If necessary, zoom closer until you see street names, as shown in the following graphic.

c Notice that the boundary layer aligns with the basemap boundary.

On-the-fly datum transformation is turned on by default in ArcGIS Pro, so the layers align properly. Next,
you will turn off on-the-fly datum transformations to see how the layers align without it.

d In the Contents pane, open the SpatialReference map properties and click the Transformation tab.

Here, you can specify how ArcGIS will transform coordinate systems on the fly in the map. The default
transformation applied in this map goes from NAD 1927 to WGS 1984.

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 Coordinate systems

e In the Transformation Path column, click the current value (NAD 1927 To WGS 1984 2) and choose
<Do Not Transform> from the drop-down list.

f Click OK.

The boundary layer no longer aligns with the basemap due to differences in the datum. You suspect that
the misalignment may be due to the GCS used by the boundary layer (NAD 1927). Next, you will confirm
that ArcGIS Pro used the appropriate datum transformation.

Step 4: Set datum transformation for a map

You will examine the ArcGIS Pro Help documentation to understand which transformation may be appropriate.

a From the Project tab, click Help.

b In ArcGIS Pro Help, on the left, expand Maps And Scenes, and then click Map And Scene Properties.

c On the left, click Coordinate Systems, and on the main help page, scroll down to the Transformations
section.

d In the Transformations section, click the List Of Supported Geographic And Vertical Transformations
link.

This action opens a PDF file of all the supported geographic transformations in ArcGIS Pro.

e In the PDF file, use the Find command (Ctrl+F) to search the document for Belize.

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 Lesson 3

The first column in this file contains the geographic (datum) transformation name.

3. What is the name of the geographic transformation to convert from NAD 1927 to WGS
1984?

f Minimize your web browser or PDF viewer.

g In the Contents pane, open the SpatialReference map properties.

h In the Transformation Path column, click the current value (<Do Not Transform>) and choose NAD 1927
To WGS 1984 2.

i Click OK.

j Notice that the Boundary Line layer aligns with the basemap again.

Step 5: Transform datum for source data

While ArcGIS Pro will apply coordinate system transformations on the fly, it is often preferable to store
your data using the same spatial reference information. Next, you will apply a geographic transformation
to change the GCS of the source data.

a If necessary, open the Geoprocessing pane, and then, in the search field, type project.

Hint: Analysis tab > Geoprocessing group > Tools

b Click the Project tool, and then set the following parameters:

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 Coordinate systems

• Input Dataset Or Feature Class: Boundary Line

• Output Dataset Or Feature Class: BoundaryLine_WGS84

Outputs automatically get stored in the project geodatabase, so you do not have to
browse to a specific location.
• Output Coordinate System: Roads (which automatically selects the same coordinate system
used by this layer)
• Geographic Transformation: NAD_1927_To_WGS_1984_2

In this case, the projection that is applied to the data (UTM Zone 16N) is not changing,
but the underlying GCS is changing.

c Click Run.

The output is added as a new feature class to the CourseProject geodatabase. The feature class is also
added as a layer to the map.

d In the Contents pane, open the BoundaryLine_WGS84 layer properties. From

e the Source tab, expand Spatial Reference.

You used the Project tool to change only the GCS for a feature class. The spatial reference now reflects the
organizational standard.

f Close the Layer Properties dialog box.

Step 6: Explore a shapefile coordinate system

You want to add several shapefiles to your geodatabase. First, you will explore their spatial reference
properties to verify the proper coordinate system.

a In the Catalog pane, expand Folders, and then expand APEW, Belize, and UnprojectedData.

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 Lesson 3

b Right-click BioCorridors.shp and choose Properties. From

c the Source tab, expand Spatial Reference.

The shapefile has the correct GCS of WGS 1984, but it is unprojected. It is common to receive data from
other sources that does not have a PCS. Next, you will project a shapefile to the standard projection of
UTM Zone 16 North.

d Close the Shapefile Properties dialog box.

Step 7: Project a shapefile

Next, you will project a shapefile to a different coordinate system.

a In the Geoprocessing pane, click the Back button to return to the search results. From the

b search results, open the Project tool again, and set the following parameters:

• For Input Dataset Or Feature Class, browse to ..\EsriTraining\APEW\Belize\

UnprojectedData and select BioCorridors.shp.
• For Output Dataset Or Feature Class, type BioCorridors.
• For Output Coordinate System, choose Roads (which will set the
WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_16N projection).

The tool automatically detects the spatial reference information of the input dataset.

You will leave Geographic Transformation empty, as the datasets already use the WGS 1984 GCS. Click Run.

c
d In the Catalog pane, expand the Databases folder and the CourseProject geodatabase to view the
BioCorridors feature class.

e Right-click BioCorridors and choose Properties. From the

f Source tab, expand Spatial Reference.

The feature class is now stored in the appropriate PCS. Close

g the Feature Class Properties dialog box.

h Close the map, save the project, and leave ArcGIS Pro open.

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 Coordinate systems

Lesson review

1. Why might you need to perform a datum transformation?

2. Why is it important to project source data rather than use on-the-fly projection in ArcGIS
Pro?

3. Your organization has a standard spatial reference that uses UTM Zone 17N as the PCS and
NAD 1983 as the GCS. What should you do with all incoming data to ensure data integrity
while editing or performing spatial analysis?

a. Inspect the spatial reference for the new data, but leave it as is.

b. Use on-the-fly datum transformation and projection to display your data together for
editing and spatial analysis.

c. Reproject the data and transform the datum to match organizational spatial reference
standards.

d. Reproject the data that you have to match the incoming data.

3-17
 Answers to Lesson 3 questions

Differentiate between coordinate system types (page 3-2)

1. What is the difference between a GCS and a PCS?
Geographic coordinate systems define where the data is located on the earth's surface.
Projected coordinate systems define how data is drawn on a flat surface.

2. Where can you find the details of the coordinate systems for your map?
The coordinate system details are in the map properties on the Coordinate Systems tab.

3. Why is knowing the latitude and longitude of a location not enough to know where it will draw on your
map?
There are several geographic coordinate systems, and each one may draw your data in a
slightly different location.

Exercise 3: Change coordinate systems (page 3-8)

1. What are the projected and geographic coordinate systems for the Boundary Line layer?
The PCS is NAD 1927 UTM Zone 16N and the GCS is NAD 1927.

2. What did ArcGIS Pro do with the Boundary Line layer to ensure that it displayed with the Roads layer?
ArcGIS Pro performed an on-the-fly datum transformation on the Boundary Line layer.

3. What is the name of the geographic transformation to convert from NAD 1927 to WGS 1984?
NAD_1927_To_WGS_1984_2

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 4 Symbolizing layers

The colors and symbols used in maps are nearly as important as the data that they portray. You could
have highly accurate, current data, but if you display it using incorrect symbology, its meaning and
intended purpose may be lost. ArcGIS Pro helps you improve the display of your data through
symbology, classification, and color options. In ArcGIS Pro, you can modify the appearance of your
layers in several ways that can simply change the color or in ways that classify your data based on
attribute values. In this lesson, you will learn about various symbology options that allow you to show
exactly what you want to depict in your maps.

Topics covered

Ways to symbolize layers in ArcGIS Pro

4-1
Lesson 4

Attribute types and layer symbology

When you add a layer to ArcGIS Pro, it is symbolized using a single symbol and color so that you can quickly
display your features. To create a more meaningful map, you may want to customize the symbology to
display the features based on a specific attribute in the table. Attributes may be text or numeric. With each
attribute type, specific symbology options are available.

Figure 4.1. The type of attribute that you use for symbology dictates the various symbology options. On the left, the name
of each district is used to symbolize the features, while on the right, a numeric attribute representing a percentage is used.

4-2
 Symbolizing layers

Types of layer symbology

When you add layers to a map in ArcGIS Pro, default symbology is applied so that you can see your
features. The default symbology, usually single symbol, shows you where features are, but you cannot see
anything informative about the data. If you want to create a more aesthetically pleasing and meaningful
map, you can change the symbology for the layers.

Figure 4.2. The image on the left depicts census tracts symbolized with a default single symbol. On the right side of the graphic,
the tracts are symbolized by county using unique values and by population using graduated colors.

4-3
Lesson 4

Types of layer symbology (continued)

Figure 4.3. The image on the left depicts earthquakes symbolized by default symbology. On the right, earthquakes are
symbolized by magnitude using graduated symbols, as a heat map, and using clustering.

4-4
 Symbolizing layers

Types of layer symbology (continued)

The following table provides further details about a few symbology methods that are available in ArcGIS
Pro.

Symbology Description
method

Unique values • Use for categorical (qualitative) data, such as names or descriptions.
• Each unique attribute is assigned its own color or symbol.

Graduated • Use for numeric (quantitative) data, such as counts.

colors
• Data values are grouped into classes.
• Typically, lighter colors represent lower values and darker colors
represent higher values.

Graduated • Symbol size represents data value ranges, where the smaller symbols
and
represent lower values and the larger symbols represent higher values.
proportional
symbols • Graduated symbols are a way to symbolize data using quantitative
attributes. Data is assigned to a classified range, where each range is then
represented by a symbol size.
• Proportional symbology is used to show relative differences in
quantities among features. Data is represented as a series of
unclassified symbols, where size is specific to each value.

Heat map • Draws point features as a representative surface of relative density.

• Use when many points are close together and cannot be easily
distinguished.

4-5
Lesson 4

Types of layer symbology (continued)

Symbology Description
method

Clustering • Aggregation method that dynamically groups point features that are
geographically close to each other.
• Single-point cluster symbols can visually reveal new and useful
patterns of information or help avoid overlapping symbols.

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 Symbolizing layers

Differentiating between layer symbology

All data is symbolized with default symbols when you first add it to a map in ArcGIS Pro. However, you can
customize the symbology to show your data in different ways. For example, qualitative data like names,
codes, and descriptions can be symbolized in a map using a unique value symbol. Quantitative or numeric
data might be better symbolized in a map using graduated symbology.

Figure 4.4. ArcGIS Pro includes numerous symbols that define the visual appearance of features displayed in a map.

4-7
Lesson 4

Classification methods

When you symbolize quantitative data using graduated colors or symbols, you select a classification
method that will group values into classes and display those classes with different colors in the map. You
can choose from several classification methods. Each method will group data values differently, causing
the data's appearance to vary in the map. Further, you can modify the number of classes for any layer,
which also changes the map's appearance. Maps are subjective, and mapmakers can choose colors or
classification methods that best depict their data.

The book How to Lie with Maps, by Mark Monmonier, is a helpful resource that discusses the subjectivity
of maps.

Figure 4.5. Different classification methods make the same dataset look different, which could lead map readers to different
conclusions about the data.

4-8
 Symbolizing layers

Classification methods (continued)

The following table provides more information about the classification methods that are available in ArcGIS
Pro.

Classification Description
method

Natural • Classes are based on natural groupings in the data.

breaks
• Features are divided into classes whose boundaries are set where there
(Jenks)
are relatively significant differences in the data values.

Quantile • Groups the same number of features into each class.

• Emphasizes high and low attribute values.
• Because features are grouped in equal numbers in each class using
quantile classification, the resulting map can often be misleading.

Equal interval • Divides the range of attribute values into equal-sized subranges.
• Best applied to familiar data ranges, such as percentages.
• Emphasizes the amount of an attribute relative to others.

Defined • Specifies a class interval size to define a series of classes with the same
interval
value range.
• Number of classes is automatically determined based on the interval size
and range of values.

Manual • Define your own class breaks to best suit your data.
interval

4-9
Lesson 4

Classification methods (continued)

Classification Description
method

Geometric • Mathematically defined class widths, based on a geometric series.

interval
• Provides equal class width and frequency of observations per class.

Standard • Shows how much a feature's attribute value varies from the mean.
deviation

How many classes and which method should you use?

A common consideration for mapmaking is how many classes to use. You may want to use many shades of
the same color to show your features, but the human eye can only detect five to seven shades of that same
color on a map. A map containing more than this amount will be difficult to interpret. In terms of
classification, there is no incorrect way of classifying your data. The classification method and number of
classes that you choose are based on your data distribution, your audience, and what you want to
communicate with your map.

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 Symbolizing layers

Selecting a symbology option

There are many ways to symbolize data in ArcGIS Pro. The symbols and colors that you choose can affect
how your data is perceived and interpreted. Therefore, it is important to select the proper symbology that
best highlights the relationships and features of your data. For each of the following examples, choose
which symbology option will work best.

Scenario 1: Symbolizing soils by soil code

You have soils data and want to symbolize each soil polygon based on its soil code. For example, you want
to display all sandy soils with the same symbol and all loamy soils with the same symbol.

1. Which symbology option would you use, and why?

Scenario 2: Symbolizing earthquakes by magnitude

You have a point feature class containing earthquakes. You want to show differences in magnitude by
varying the symbol size for five different classes, with each class having its own symbol size.

2. Would you use graduated symbols or clustering symbols, and why?

Scenario 3: Symbolizing block groups by population growth

You have a polygon layer representing block groups and you want to symbolize them based on the
population growth over the last year. You want to show block groups with the least amount of growth in a
light shade of blue and have the shade of blue get darker with each class of higher growth values. You
would like to have the block groups with the highest population growth stand out from the other block
groups.

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 Lesson 4

Selecting a symbology option (continued)

3. Which symbology option would you use, and why?

4. Which classification method would you use, and why?

4-12
Exercise 4 20 minutes

Symbolize layers using different methods

In this exercise, you will symbolize several layers using different methods. You will also compare various
symbology options on the same dataset to find the optimal way to display your data.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Explore symbology options for vector data.

• Symbolize data using different methods.
• Modify data classification methods.

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 Lesson 4

Step 1: Use unique values

You will add a map to the project for this exercise.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and view the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b From the Insert tab, click New Map.

c Rename the map Unique Values.

d In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand the VisualizingData folder and Symbology.gdb, and
then drag Languages into the map.

The Languages layer contains polygons that represent the languages spoken in various administrative areas
in Liberia, Africa. The layer currently displays all polygons using the same symbol.

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 Symbolizing layers

e In the Contents pane, right-click the color swatch under Languages to access the color palette.

f Choose a different color to change the color used in the map.

The single-symbol setting is easy and draws quickly, but you might want to customize how your features
display using the attributes in the table.

You will now symbolize the Languages layer using unique values.

g In the Contents pane, right-click Languages and choose Attribute Table. Locate the

h LANG_GR field.

The LANG_GR field stores a different language for each administrative area, so you will use this field to
symbolize by unique values. Unique value symbolization is often done with qualitative

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Lesson 4

attributes, such as descriptions or names.

i Close the attribute table.

j In the Contents pane, if necessary, click the Languages layer to select it.

k From the Feature Layer tab, in the Drawing group, click the Symbology down arrow.

The listed options are for polygon layers. If you had selected a line or point layer in the Contents pane, the
options would be different.

l Click Unique Values.

The Symbology pane opens on the right side of ArcGIS Pro.

m In the Symbology pane, update Field 1 to LANG_GR. Click

n the current color scheme.

o Check the Show Names box, and then choose Blues.

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 Symbolizing layers

Map symbology may vary.

Each administrative polygon now has its own color based on the majority language group. Symbolizing
using unique values has changed how map readers would interpret this map. It also added informational
value to the map and legend.

p Close the Unique Values map.

Step 2: Use graduated colors

Next, you will use graduated colors to symbolize polygons by a numeric field.

a From the Insert tab, choose New Map.

b Rename the map Graduated Colors.

c In the Catalog pane, from the Symbology geodatabase, drag BlockGroups into the map.

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Lesson 4

The layer contains block groups in Oregon.

d Open the attribute table for BlockGroups.

You could use any numeric demographic attribute for graduated color classification, but here you will use
the population of each block group.

e Close the attribute table.

f In the Contents pane, confirm that the BlockGroups layer is selected.

g Return to the Symbology pane and update Primary Symbology to Graduated Colors. For

h Field, choose POP10.

The default settings for graduated color classification are a natural breaks classification method with five
classes. The natural breaks method searches for breakpoints in the values and adds classes at those
locations. You can see the various class break values in the legend.

i Change Classes to 3 and change Color Scheme to Greens (3 Classes).

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 Symbolizing layers

By changing the number of classes to three, the block groups appear to have fewer areas of higher
population. The data is still the same, but it is being displayed differently.

j In the Symbology pane, for Method, click the down arrow.

When you change the method, ArcGIS Pro provides a description of each method. You can use the
description to help choose the most appropriate method for your data.

k Change Method to Quantile.

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 Lesson 4

The Quantile classification method divides each class into the same number of features.

l Switch from Quantile to Equal Interval and then to Natural Breaks (Jenks) to see the differences of
each method.

The colors, number of classes, and classification methods all affect how a map is interpreted. As a
mapmaker, it is your responsibility to choose the options that best depict your data.

m Close the Graduated Colors map.

Step 3: Use graduated symbols

Next, you will symbolize robbery incidents in San Diego, California, using graduated symbols.

a From the Catalog pane, in the Symbology geodatabase, right-click Robberies, point to Add To New, and
choose Map.

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 Symbolizing layers

You will display the robberies based on the dollar amount stolen in the robbery. By classifying your data
using the amount stolen, you could determine whether high-value robberies occur in certain areas more
than others, on average.

b With the Robberies layer selected in the Contents pane, from the Feature Layer tab, click the
Symbology down arrow.

The symbology options that are displayed are for point layers because you selected a point layer in the
Contents pane.

c Click Graduated Symbols.

d In the Symbology pane, set Field to Amount Stolen.

e Change Classes to 3.

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 Lesson 4

f Accept the remaining defaults for symbol size.

g Zoom in to any area of the map so that you can see the symbols more clearly.

The points are displayed with different symbol sizes based on dollar amount ranges of stolen items.

Step 4: Symbolize features by density

Next, you will symbolize the same crime points by density to show the points as a heat map,
illustrating where there is a higher concentration of crimes occurring.

a In the Contents pane, right-click Robberies and choose Zoom To Layer. In the

b Symbology pane, update Primary Symbology to Heat Map.

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 Symbolizing layers

Heat maps provide a good visual representation of feature density. As you zoom in and out, the density
changes because of the change in scale.

c Use the Explore tool to zoom in and out and visually analyze the heat map. When you

d are finished, close the map.

e From the View tab, in the Windows group, click the Reset Panes down arrow and choose Reset Panes
For Mapping (Default).

Resetting the panes this way will keep the Contents and Catalog panes open while closing all
other panes.

f Save the project and keep ArcGIS Pro open.

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 Lesson 4

Lesson review

1. What are some reasons to modify feature symbology?

2. Why does changing the classification method change the way that the data displays?

3. Which classification method highlights where there are higher data values?

a. Equal interval

b. Natural breaks (Jenks)

c. Quantile

d. Standard deviation

Esri Training course: Symbolizing Map Layers

4-24
 Answers to Lesson 4 questions

Selecting a symbology option (page 4-11)

Scenario 1: Symbolizing soils by soil code

1. Which symbology option would you use, and why?
Choose unique values, because they are used for qualitative data (categorical), such as
names or a soil code.

Scenario 2: Symbolizing earthquakes by magnitude

2. Would you use graduated symbols or clustering symbols, and why?
Choose graduated symbols, because they will assign a symbol size for each class;
clustering symbols are based on a specified distance between point features, not on an
attribute from the attribute table.

Scenario 3: Symbolizing block groups by population growth

3. Which symbology option would you use, and why?
Choose graduated colors, because that option will divide the values into classes and ramp
the colors from lighter to darker to match data ranges.

4. Which classification method would you use, and why?

Choose natural breaks, because it will use the natural breakpoints to identify class breaks.
If there are values that are much higher than others, they will be put into the highest class
and therefore stand out.

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 5 Controlling feature display

Querying your data is foundational to many GIS workflows, including data management, cartography,
and analysis. In this lesson, you will query layers based on values in their attribute tables, as well as the
spatial relationships between layers. Querying data can help answer questions like: How many parcels
are zoned for residential use? Queries are also used to select features that can be used for further
mapping or analysis tasks. You will then build on these skills by controlling the visibility of features
using definition queries, scale-dependent layers, and scale-based symbol classes.

Topics covered

Building attribute and spatial queries

Using definition queries

Displaying map features at different scales

5-1
Lesson 5

Types of selection queries

An important part of data exploration and analysis is locating and displaying features that meet a specific
criterion. You can query features in many ways to help you find the features that you want to focus on.
Queries may select features in the map or only display features that meet the criteria.

Attribute queries
Attribute queries are used to select features based on values in an attribute table. A query expression
specifies the criteria that are used to find matching attributes.

Figure 5.1. A query expression specifies which values are selected from an attribute table. If a table has corresponding spatial
features, those features are also selected. In this example, a query is used to select all residential zoning polygons.

You can add multiple clauses and connect them using the And or Or operators to provide multiple layers to
your queries. For example, refer to the preceding graphic. If you wanted to also select features that are
designated as Commercial, you would use the Or operator and add to the selection.

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 Controlling feature display

Types of selection queries (continued)

Spatial queries
A spatial query selects geographic features based on location or spatial relationship with other features. For
example, a spatial query might find which points are contained within a polygon or set of polygons, find
features within a specified distance of a feature, or find features that are near each other. Spatial queries
are often used in spatial analysis.

Figure 5.2. In this example, a polygon layer containing urban areas is used with a streams layer to select only the streams that fall
within the urban areas. All features still display, but the intersecting streams are selected in the map.

5-3
Lesson 5

Selecting features using queries

Each type of query has different characteristics and capabilities, as shown in the following table.

Attribute queries Spatial queries

• Select features based on attributes. • Select features based on spatial

• Create new selections, add to selections, relationships with other features.
remove from selections, or select from • Create new selections, add to selections,
selections. remove from selections, or select from
• Use operators to connect multiple selections.
queries such as And, Or, Begins With, and • Use many spatial relationship types,
more. including intersects, within a distance,
and completely within.

5-4
Exercise 5A 15 minutes

Use queries to select features

Constructing queries to select features is an important part of many GIS workflows to help locate features
of interest. You will use both attribute and spatial queries to select features that meet certain criteria.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Create and modify an attribute query.

• Create a spatial query.
• Create a feature class from a selection.

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 Lesson 5

Step 1: Import a map file

First, you will import an ArcGIS Pro–specific map file that contains layers, custom symbology, and other
properties. The map file contains the layers that you will use to make selection queries.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b From the Insert tab, click Import Map.

c Browse to ..\EsriTraining\APEW\Austria and double-click QueryFeatures.mapx.

The map file displays various layers from Austria using a dark gray canvas basemap.

Step 2: Create an attribute query

In this step, you will select features from a set of tourist destinations based on their type. You would like to
find all the museums in Salzburg. Because the selection is based on attributes in the

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 Controlling feature display

feature class attribute table, this process is an example of an attribute query.

a In the Contents pane, right-click TouristAttractions and choose Attribute Table. Find

b the TOURISM field.

This field identifies the type of tourism attraction at each location.

c Close the attribute table.

d In the Contents pane, confirm that the TouristAttractions layer is selected. From

e the Map tab, in the Selection group, click Select By Attributes.

f In the Select By Attributes dialog box, confirm that Input Rows is set as TouristAttractions and that
Selection Type is set as New Selection.

g In the expression clause, from the first drop-down list, choose TOURISM. For

h the operator, verify that Is Equal To is selected.

i In the final drop-down list, choose Museum.

If you have many attributes, you can begin typing the value that you want to use to locate
it.

j Click Apply, and then, if necessary, reposition the dialog box so that you can see the map.

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 Lesson 5

The selected features are highlighted in the map, and the number of selected features is displayed in the
bottom-right corner of the map view.

Step 3: Add a second clause to an attribute query

Next, you will add a second clause to this query to select more features.

a In the Select By Attributes dialog box, below your first clause, click Add Clause. In the

b first drop-down list, choose Or.

c Construct the remainder of the query as TOURISM Is Equal To Picnic_Site.

d Click OK.

1. How many features are now selected?

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 Controlling feature display

The Or operator adds picnic site features to the current selection.

You could have changed the selection type to Add To The Current Selection and run with only
the clause where TOURISM Is Equal To Picnic_Site. This action would have achieved
the same results by modifying an existing selection, rather than creating a new selection.

Step 4: Create a selection layer

After you make a selection, you might want to capture those features in their own temporary layer for
analysis and visualization purposes. Next, you will create a selection layer from the currently selected
features.

a In the Contents pane, right-click the TouristAttractions layer, point to Selection, and choose Make
Layer From Selected Features.

A new layer is added called TouristAttractions Selection.

b Rename this layer to Museums And Picnic Sites.

c Turn off the TouristAttractions layer.

d From the Map tab, in the Selection group, click Clear .

The selection layer shows only museums and picnic sites. No new data is created by creating a selection
layer. Instead, selection layers reference the source data. A selection layer is useful as a temporary working
dataset. In this case, you used it to quickly declutter the map based on an existing selection. You can also
use selection layers as inputs into geoprocessing tools.

5-9
 Lesson 5

Step 5: Create a spatial query based on distance

One of the primary uses of queries, especially spatial queries, is in spatial analysis. In spatial analysis, you
often use features in many layers to help solve a problem. Spatial queries are one way to locate features
based on spatial relationships. Next, you will select the museums and picnic locations that are within 400
meters of a public transport station.

a From the Map tab, in the Selection group, click Select By Location.

b In the Select By Location dialog box, set or confirm the following parameters:

• Input Features: Museums And Picnic Sites

• Relationship: Within A Distance
• Selecting Features: PublicTransportStations
• Search Distance: 400 Meters

c Click OK.

Sixteen features are selected. You will use these selected features in the next step.

Step 6: Create a spatial query based on a geometric intersection

Next, you will use another type of spatial relationship to select features. You will select the building
footprints that intersect the museum and picnic sites within 400 meters of a public transport
station.

a In the Contents pane, turn on the BuildingFootprints layer and select the layer so that it is
highlighted.

b From the Map tab, open the Select By Location tool again, and then set or confirm the
following parameters:

• Input Features: BuildingFootprints

• Relationship: Intersect
• Selecting Features: Museums And Picnic Sites

c For Search Distance, confirm that no value is listed for meters.

The Select By Location tool will use the current selected set from the Museums And Picnic Sites
layer to find the intersection.

d Click OK.

e In the map, zoom in to a selected building footprint.

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 Controlling feature display

The building footprints that intersect the 16 selected points in the Museums And Picnic Sites layer are
selected.

2. Are there other spatial relationships, besides Intersect, that could have been used to
achieve the same results?

Hint: Open Select By Location dialog box > point to Relationship > point to the Information button
to read about relationship types > close the dialog box

Step 7: Create a new feature class from selected features

Next, you will create a feature class from a selected set.

a In the Contents pane, right-click BuildingFootprints, point to Data, and choose Export
Features.

b In the Export Features dialog box, for Output Feature Class, type BuildingsOfInterest.

While exporting features, you can build an attribute expression directly in the tool dialog box to
control which features get converted. You will not create an expression, though, because you
already have a set of selected features.

c Leave the remaining defaults and click OK.

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Lesson 5

d In the Catalog pane, expand the Databases folder and then the CourseProject geodatabase to view the
BuildingsOfInterest feature class.

If necessary, refresh the geodatabase.

e From the Map tab, clear the selection.

f In the Contents pane, turn off the BuildingFootprints layer.

After you turn off the layer, only the buildings that intersect museum and picnic sites are displayed.

3. What is the difference between creating a layer from selected features and exporting
features?

g Close the QueryFeatures map.

h Save the project and leave ArcGIS Pro open for the next exercise.

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 Controlling feature display

Definition queries

Using a definition query is a way to display features that meet attribute criteria. You create a definition
query in a similar way in which you create a selection query; however, the result shows only the features
that meet the criteria with no features selected. Definition queries are properties of each layer rather than a
geoprocessing tool, so you create them in the Layer Properties dialog box. You can have multiple definition
queries built on one layer, and you can switch between queries in the layer properties or from the Data
contextual tab. Although a layer can have multiple definition queries, only one can be active on the layer at
a time.

The query that you build defines which features in a layer display. While some features do not display
when a definition query is applied to a layer, these features still exist in the source data.

Figure 5.3. On the left, all land-use polygons are shown. On the right, only residential land-use types display based on a
definition query.

1. When you apply a definition query, what is the result in the map?

2. Where do you create definition queries?

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 Lesson 5

Definition queries (continued)

3. Do definition queries affect the source data?

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 Controlling feature display

Displaying features at different scales

By default, if a layer is checked, or turned on, in the Contents pane, it is drawn in the map. However, as you
zoom out, it may become difficult to see more detailed information. When you zoom in, information may
become too coarse. While you can turn a layer off or on manually, doing so can be inconvenient and time-
consuming, especially if your map or scene contains several layers or if you change the scale frequently as
you work. In ArcGIS Pro, you can use scale ranges to define specific scales in which layers turn on and off.
Scale ranges allow you to set an upper and lower scale at which a layer is visible without needing to turn
the layer on and off.

Figure 5.4. The smaller-scale map on the left shows businesses represented as points. The larger-scale map on the right shows
businesses represented as polygon features. At a small scale, it is unnecessary to show the detailed areas of the cities.

Why apply scale ranges on layers?

• Reduce clutter by not displaying all features at all scales.

• Reduce drawing time.
• Show a more detailed layer display instead of the generalized layer.
• Create a map that is more dynamic and readable.

5-15
Lesson 5

Symbol classes

Another way to control the visibility of features and create a more meaningful, less-cluttered map is by
setting scale ranges on classes within a single layer. When a layer is symbolized with either unique value or
graduated colors symbology, the values are broken up into classes and you can specify the visible scale
range for each class. Using symbol classes allows you to control when various classes display without
having to create multiple copies of a layer symbolized in different ways.

As you zoom in and out, the various symbol classes within each layer either display or turn off.

Figure 5.5. This layer showing populated places in New Zealand uses three symbol classes. Each symbol class has its own
visible scale range. As you zoom in on the map, more detailed places are displayed.

5-16
Exercise 5B 25 minutes

Control the visibility of features

When you add layers into a map in ArcGIS Pro, all features display by default. Displaying all features allows
you to view everything in a layer, but you may want to limit the number of features that display. In this
exercise, you will get practice controlling what displays in ArcGIS Pro using scale ranges and definition
queries.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Create scale-dependent layers.

• Use scale-based symbol classes.
• Use definition queries.

5-17
 Lesson 5

Step 1: Set scale ranges on layers

Setting a scale dependency creates a less cluttered display and decreases draw time. However, it requires
that you navigate the map to determine what the best scales are for displaying certain features.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project. From the

b Catalog pane, expand Folders, APEW, and Austria.

c Right-click ControlVisibility.mapx and choose Add And Open.

The map opens showing various layers in Austria.

d Turn off all layers except the basemaps and the BuildingFootprints layer.

The current map scale is displayed in the lower-left corner of the map. You can choose a preset value or
type your own. You will use a preset.

e In the lower-left corner of the map display, click the down arrow next to the current scale and update it
to 1:10,000.

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 Controlling feature display

At a 1:10,000 scale, you can see the building footprints more clearly. You will use this scale as a
minimum scale for BuildingFootprints and a maximum scale for LanduseBoundaries.

f In the Contents pane, select BuildingFootprints, and then click the Feature Layer tab. In the

g Visibility Range group, for Out Beyond, choose 1:10,000.

The building footprints still display because the current scale is under the threshold that you set for the Out
Beyond field.

h In the Contents pane, select LanduseBoundaries.

i In the Visibility Range section, for In Beyond, choose 1:10,000.

You can also set scale dependencies in the layer properties for each layer.

j Turn on the LanduseBoundaries layer, and then zoom in and out past a 1:10,000 scale.

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 Lesson 5

When you zoom to or within 1:10,000, the check box next to LanduseBoundaries is gray with a line
under it, as shown in the following graphic.

When you zoom out beyond 1:10,000, the check box next to BuildingFootprints is gray with a line under it,
as shown in the following graphic.

The check box symbol for a layer not being displayed due to a scale dependency is uniform across all
layers.

k Set the following scale dependencies:

• ElectricTransmissionLines: In Beyond 1:50,000

• ElectricTransmissionTowers: Out Beyond 1:100,000

Step 2: Use scale-based symbol classes

Next, you will use scale-based symbol classes to control levels of visibility within a single layer.

a Turn off all layers except the basemaps, and then turn on the Waterways layer. Zoom

b to the extent of the Waterways layer.

Hint: Right-click layer > Zoom To Layer

c Right-click the Waterways layer and choose Symbology to open the Symbology pane. In the

d Symbology pane, click the Scales tab.

e Notice that the layer uses three symbol classes to label features.

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 Controlling feature display

If necessary, drag the left side of the Symbology pane to adjust its width to better see the
sliders.

f In the Contents pane, verify that Waterways is selected.

g From the Feature Layer tab, in the Visibility Range group, set Out Beyond to 1:500,000.

In the Symbology pane, you will notice that the dark gray areas of the sliders have automatically adjusted
to reflect the visibility range set for this layer.

On the Scales tab, the darker part of the slider indicates the visible scale range of the layer.

h Using the slider on the right, adjust the scale range of the River symbol class to not show in beyond
a scale of 1:100,000 (max scale).

Hint: Drag the right slider handle to the left until it reaches 1:100,000.

Next, you will modify the visible scale ranges for the remaining two symbol classes so that they will not
show out beyond certain scales and will appear on the map as you zoom in (min scale).

Drag the left slider handles to the right.

5-21
Lesson 5

i For the Stream symbol class, adjust the slider on the left to 1:100,000. For the

j remaining symbol class, adjust the slider on the left to 1:24,000.

Having symbol classes representing more major features like rivers appear at smaller scales and symbol
classes representing finer features like streams adheres to cartographic best practices and helps your map
users see features appear at scales that they expect.

Your scale ranges should look like the following graphic.

k In the map, verify that you are zoomed out beyond 1:100,000.

Your display and extent may be different.

When you are zoomed out beyond 1:100,000, only the river symbols display in the map and its class
displays in the Contents pane.

l In the map, zoom in to a scale less than 1:100,000.

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 Controlling feature display

When the map is zoomed in less than 1:100,000, features in the Stream symbol class become visible.

m Zoom in past 1:24,000 to see how the display is affected.

When you zoom in past 1:24,000, the Other symbol class becomes visible in the map and its class name
appears in the Contents pane. Symbol classes are a good way to reduce clutter and make your maps
display more dynamically.

Step 3: Create a definition query

Next, you will use a definition query to control which features in a layer are displayed.

5-23
 Lesson 5

a Zoom to the full extent of the LanduseBoundaries layer.

b Turn off all layers except the basemap layers and the LanduseBoundaries layer.

Currently, the map displays all land-use polygons. Too many features can clutter a map, especially if you
only need the map to show certain types of land use.

c Open the LanduseBoundaries attribute table.

d Scroll down the LANDUSE field to see all the land-use types stored in the layer. Close the

e attribute table.

f Open the LanduseBoundaries layer properties. Click

g the Definition Query tab.

h Click the New Definition Query down arrow and choose Create A New Definition Query. Build the

i following query: LANDUSE Is Equal To Residential.

j Click Apply, and then click OK to view only the residential land-use polygons in your map.

The map is less cluttered now that you are only displaying one type of land-use polygon.

Step 4: Modify a definition query

Next, you will expand the definition query to include more land-use types.

a Open the LanduseBoundaries layer properties again.

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 Controlling feature display

b For the current definition query, click Edit. Click

c Add Clause.

d Build the following clause: Or LANDUSE Is Equal To Forest.

When you add the other clauses, ensure that you are using the correct operator to string together multiple
queries.

e Click Add Clause again.

f Build the following clause: Or LANDUSE Is Equal To Industrial.

g Click Apply, and then click OK.

You have successfully created a definition query containing three separate clauses to display certain types
of land-use polygons.

5-25
 Lesson 5

Step 5: Create multiple definition queries for a layer

You can also have multiple definition queries on one layer and switch between them.

a Open the LanduseBoundaries layer properties again.

b Click the New Definition Query down arrow and choose Create A New Definition Query.

c Build the following clause: LANDUSE Is Equal To Farmland and click Apply.

Next, you will name your queries. You can select the default name of Query 1 or Query 2, and then type a
new name, just as you do with layers in the Contents pane.

d Select the Query 1 text to highlight it and make it editable.

e Type Residential, Forest, and Industrial.

f Select the Query 2 text and type Farmland.

g Click OK.

h Click the Data tab.

On the left, a Definition Query group is available with a list of available definition queries that you can
choose from.

i Switch between the two definition queries to see how the map changes.

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 Controlling feature display

j Close the ControlVisibility map.

k From the View tab, click the Reset Panes down arrow and choose Reset Panes For Mapping (Default).

l Save your project and leave ArcGIS Pro open.

5-27
 Lesson 5

Lesson review

1. Describe the two types of selection queries and how they are used.

2. What methods are available for controlling feature visibility in ArcGIS Pro?

3. What are some reasons for controlling which features display in your map?

Esri Training course: Querying Data Using ArcGIS Pro

5-28
 Answers to Lesson 5 questions

Exercise 5A: Use queries to select features (page 5-5)

1. How many features are now selected?
26 features

2. Are there other spatial relationships, besides Intersect, that could have been used to achieve the
same results?
Finding buildings that contain the museum/picnic sites would also work. In this case, all
types of containing relationships would work (Contains, Completely Contains, and
Contains Clementini).

3. What is the difference between creating a layer from selected features and exporting features? A
selection layer only exists in the map, while the output from exporting is an actual
geodatabase feature class.

Definition queries (page 5-13)

1. When you apply a definition query, what is the result in the map?
When you apply a definition query, only the features that meet the criteria are displayed.

2. Where do you create definition queries?

You create definition queries in the Layer Properties dialog box for each layer.

3. Do definition queries affect the source data?

No. Definition queries affect only the layer's display, not the source data.

5-29
 6 Adding text to a map

Labels communicate information about features on your map. Without labels, your map can be
difficult to read and of limited use. Labels also save time by helping you avoid manually adding text
for each feature.

Another way to add text to your map is by converting labels to annotations or by creating annotations
through editing. Annotations give you greater flexibility for individual text features. Converted
annotations become an annotation feature class in the geodatabase. This option gives you the ability
to modify them either spatially or through their attributes.

Topics covered

Labeling features

Label classes

Annotation

6-1
Lesson 6

Defining characteristics of map labels

Maps convey information about geographic features, yet displaying only features on a map—even with
meaningful symbols—is not always enough to make your point. Adding text to your map improves the
visualization of geographic information while providing descriptive information about features to the
audience.

Figure 6.1. On the left, polygons representing districts are displayed without labels. On the right, the districts are labeled by
their name.

Label characteristics
Labels are a property of each layer. When you choose to label features in a layer, all the labels display using
the same font, style, and placement options. You cannot modify label properties for specific labels. Any
changes that you make to label properties for a layer affect all labels, as they are managed as a group.
Labels also display dynamically as you pan and zoom to expedite display and drawing time. Scale-based
symbol sizing, available only in 2D maps, allows you to adjust the size of text symbols dynamically across
visible scale ranges. This change can reduce visual density at smaller scales while retaining an appropriate
relative size at larger scales. You cannot move, delete, or edit the text separately, but you can control
where labels are placed in relation to the features.

6-2
Exercise 6A 15 minutes

Add and modify labels

Adding text to the map provides meaning and information to your map readers that they would otherwise
not get. ArcGIS Pro has many options for adding labels to your maps. You will add labels to a map and
modify several properties, such as font, position, and label field.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Label features.
• Modify labeling properties.

6-3
 Lesson 6

Step 1: Add a layer to a new map

In this step, you will add a map and a layer into your ArcGIS Pro project.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and open the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b In the Catalog pane, expand the Mali folder and Mali.gdb. Right-

c click Districts, point to Add To New, and choose Map.

You will use the districts within Mali to work with labeling and modifying label properties.

d Change the name of the map to Labeling.

Step 2: Label features

Next, you will label the districts of Mali.

6-4
 Adding text to a map

a In the Contents pane, select the Districts layer.

From the Labeling tab, you can label features and modify some basic labeling properties.

b Click the Labeling tab.

It might take a moment for the tab options to load.

c In the Layer group, click Label (as specified in the following graphic) to label the districts in Mali.

You can also label the features in a layer by right-clicking the layer and choosing Label.

The districts are labeled with the country name of Mali. Labels will change position based on which
features are in the map display area.

d Zoom in, zoom out, and pan around to see how the display of the labels is affected. When you

e are finished, zoom to the extent of the Districts layer.

Step 3: Change the label field

ArcGIS Pro will choose a field to label your features, but you might want to label features using a

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 Lesson 6

different field. From the Labeling tab, you can quickly change the label field to show values from another
field in the map.

a From the Labeling tab, in the Label Class group, for Field, choose NAME_1.

The fields in the attribute table are shown in the drop-down list as options for labeling.

Now the districts are labeled with their district names instead of the country name of Mali. You can change
the label field at any time to any attribute in the table.

Step 4: Modify the label font

Labels display with default font settings, but you can modify the size, color, and style of the labels for any
layer.

a From the Labeling tab, in the Text Symbol group, locate where you can change the font for the labels.

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 Adding text to a map

On the left side of the Text Symbol group, there are several preset text schemes that you can use. On the
right side of the Text Symbol group, you can manually change the font size, style, and color.

b Change the font to Times New Roman, the size to 10 (if necessary), and choose Bold from the drop-
down list.

The labels update based on the properties. Labels are managed as a group, so you cannot change the font
for one label at a time.

c To the right of the font size, use the Increase Font Size button and Decrease Font Size button to
change the font size in the map.

Next, you will use a labeling preset. These presets are helpful when you want to quickly modify the labels'
font to standards for certain types of data.

d In the Text Symbol group, change the font to the Boundary preset.

e Notice that all the labels change to the Boundary preset style in the map.

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 Lesson 6

f Choose some other presets, and then set the font to the Populated Place preset.

Next, you will experiment with some of the label position presets.

Step 5: Change the label position

Because labels are managed as a group, you cannot modify the position of any individual label on its own.
However, in ArcGIS Pro, you can use label placement properties to change how labels are placed on the
features. The label placement presets are on the Labeling tab in the Label Placement group.

a In the Label Placement group, click each of the placement presets so that you can see how they change
the map.

There are more label placement options in the label properties pane.

b In the Contents pane, right-click Districts and choose Labeling Properties. In the

c Label Class pane, click the Symbol tab.

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 Adding text to a map

While there are several options to change the appearance of labels on the Labeling tab, there are many
more options in the labeling properties.

d Click the Position tab.

On the Position tab, three buttons handle position, fitting strategy, and conflict resolution.

e Click each of the three buttons to explore the options for position, fitting strategy, and conflict
resolution.

The following table summarizes the various operations that you can set.

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Lesson 6

Position Fitting strategy Conflict resolution

• Placement • Stacking labels • Removing duplicate labels

• Orientation • Overrun text • Repeating labels
• Leader maximum • Buffering labels
lines • Size reduction • Assigning a minimum feature size to
• Spread • Abbreviations labels
labels • Key numbering • Labeling the largest part of the
tables feature
• Fitting strategy • Assigning a feature weight to labels
order • Setting background labels
• Managing unplaced labels

One of the main operations for conflict resolution is to remove duplicate labels. For example, you want to
label a streets layer and streets are often segmented. Therefore, a duplicate label for each segment will
display. You can choose to remove duplicate labels to solve this issue.

f Close the Label Class pane.

g Save your project and leave ArcGIS Pro open for the next exercise.

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 Adding text to a map

Using label classes

All the features in one layer are labeled using the same properties. What if you wanted to label certain types
of features one way and other types of features another way in the same layer? Label classes allow you to
label features in the same layer using different label fields, symbols, scale ranges, and placement properties.

Figure 6.2. A layer containing campgrounds in Yosemite National Park shows existing campgrounds labeled in regular black
font and proposed campgrounds labeled in bold green font.

You define a label class using a SQL query and attributes that describe the features. Just as you can apply
scale ranges to layers, you can also apply scale ranges to labels or to each label class.

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Exercise 6B 20 minutes

Create label classes

You will create label classes to label different types of features in the same layer using different properties.
Another way that you can modify the appearance of labels is with a scale dependency. You have already
used scale dependencies on features in layers to control the scales at which those features display. Now
you will use the same concept of scale dependencies and apply it to labels so that they only display at
certain scales.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Create label classes.

• Set scale dependencies for labels.

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 Adding text to a map

Step 1: Explore attributes

In this step, you will add a layer, change its symbol, and start exploring its attributes.

a If necessary, restore your ArcGIS Pro session.

b Right-click the Districts layer and choose Label to turn off the labels.

You will add another layer for creating your label classes.

c From the Catalog pane, in Mali.gdb, drag Airports into the map.

d From the Contents pane, click the Airport layer symbol to open the Symbology pane.

e In the Symbology pane, search for airport, press Enter, and then choose the first (largest) Airport
symbol.

f Close the Symbology pane.

Next, you will explore the attributes for the airports. You create label classes based on the attributes in the
table, so you will see what is available in the table to differentiate airports.

g In the Contents pane, right-click Airports and choose Attribute Table.

You could use a couple of fields to differentiate the airports, but in this exercise, you will use the USE field.

The USE field has values of Regional, Local, and International for the airports. You will create a label class
for each USE value and display the labels differently.

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 Lesson 6

h Close the attribute table.

Step 2: Create label classes for each airport type

Next, you will create three label classes. Because you do not want the default labeling class containing all
labels to display when you create label classes, you will turn it off first.

a With Airports selected in the Contents pane, from the Labeling tab, in the Label Class group, uncheck
the Label Features In This Class box.

Now when you create your label classes, the default labels will not display.

b Click the Class down arrow and choose Create Label Class.

c For the name of the label class, type Regional Airports and click OK.

d Repeat the same process for creating a label class two more times, creating the following label classes:

• Local Airports
• International Airports

e For Class, choose each label class from the drop-down list and verify that the Label Features In This Class
option is checked for all label classes except Class 1.

You have created the labeling classes but still have to define these classes. You will use a SQL query on
each class to define which features are labeled for that class.

Step 3: Define label class criteria for regional airports

First, you will define the Regional Airports class.

a Click the Class down arrow and choose Regional Airports. Next to

b the class, click the SQL Query button.

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 Adding text to a map

In the Label Class pane, you can add clauses to define the label class and set the symbology of the labels
for that class.

c In the Label Class pane, click New Expression.

d Create a clause where USE Is Equal To Regional.

e At the bottom of the pane, click Apply.

f At the top of the pane, click the Symbol tab.

g Expand Appearance.

h For Font Name, choose Microsoft Sans Serif. Change Size

i to 14 pt, and then click Apply.

You can also select the label class that you want to modify directly in the Label Class pane.

Step 4: Define label class criteria for local airports

Next, you will define which features are in the Local Airports labeling class.

a In the Label Class pane, click the Class down arrow and choose Local Airports.

Any changes that you make will now affect the Local Airports label class.

b Click the Class tab, and if necessary, click the SQL Query tab .

c Click New Expression, and then create an expression where USE Is Equal To Local. Click

d Apply.

e From the Symbol tab, change the font to Microsoft Sans Serif, keep the size and color as they are, and
click Apply.

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 Lesson 6

Step 5: Define label class criteria for international airports

Finally, you will set the properties for the last label class, International Airports.

a From the Labeling tab, in the Label Class group, click the Class down arrow and choose International
Airports.

b In the Label Class pane, return to the Class tab and create an expression where
USE Is Equal To International.

c Click Apply.

d Change the font to Microsoft Sans Serif and the size to 18 pt, and then click Apply. Close the

e Label Class pane.

f In the Contents pane, right-click Airports and choose Label.

g Zoom to the western portion of Mali to view the airports and their labels.

Your label placement might look slightly different from this graphic based on how far you
zoomed in.

Each label class displays differently in the map. You will add a scale dependency to certain label classes so
that all labels do not display at the full extent.

Step 6: Set scale dependencies on label classes

In this step, you will set scale dependencies on some of the label classes to reduce the number of labels
that display.

a From the Labeling tab, change Class to Local Airports.

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 Adding text to a map

b In the Visibility Range group, set the Out Beyond value to 2,000,000 by typing the value into the text
box and pressing Enter.

Out Beyond indicates a scale threshold for when you zoom out, or make the scale smaller (larger extent). In
this example, if you zoom out past a 2,000,000 scale, the local airports will not display.

c If necessary, zoom out beyond 1:2,000,000.

The labels for the local airports disappear because you are zoomed out past the scale threshold.

d Zoom in past 1:2,000,000 to see that the labels for the local airports appear.

Next, you will set both the In Beyond and Out Beyond scale thresholds for regional and international
airports. When you set both these values, you are specifying that the labels will display only when
the scale value falls within the range.

e Create a scale threshold on the Regional Airports label class so that the labels do not display in beyond
1:2,000,000 and out beyond 1:3,000,000.

f Create a scale threshold on the International Airports label class so that the labels do not display in
beyond 1:3,000,000 and out beyond 1:10,000,000.

By setting the previous scale dependencies, regional airports will only display from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000
scale and international airports will only display between 3,000,000 and 10,000,000.

g Zoom in and out to see the scale dependencies for each layer. When

h you are finished, close the Labeling map.

i Save your project and leave ArcGIS Pro open for the next exercise.

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Lesson 6

Geodatabase annotation

While labels are useful and quick to create, you are unable to select or edit labels individually. If you want
editable text that you can add to many maps, you can use geodatabase annotation.

Annotation in the geodatabase is stored as features in an annotation feature class. Similar to how points,
lines, and polygons are stored, all features in an annotation feature class have a spatial location and
attributes. There are two types of geodatabase annotation: standard and feature- linked.

Characteristic Standard Feature-linked

annotation annotation

Formally associated with features

Can edit and modify text separately

Can add new annotation

Stored in geodatabase feature class

Can add to many maps

If a feature is moved or deleted, annotation is also

moved or deleted

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 Adding text to a map

Choosing standard or feature-linked annotation

For the map features given in the following scenarios, identify instances where you would use standard
annotations or feature-linked annotations. A good rule to follow when choosing an annotation type is to
use feature-linked annotation if the label attribute changes frequently and use standard annotation if it
rarely or never changes.

Scenario 1: Adding text to a national parks map

You are creating a map of major landforms and national parks in California. You want to add text to the
map to display the name of the landforms, such as Mt. Whitney, and all the national parks located in
California.

1. Would you use standard annotation or feature-linked annotation, and why?

Scenario 2: Adding text to a power-line voltage map

You are tasked with creating a map of current power-line locations and their voltage, with the voltage
displayed as text on the map. However, a new housing development is being built and the power lines will
need to be moved within the next year.

2. Would you use standard annotation or feature-linked annotation, and why?

Scenario 3: Adding text to a municipal buildings map

Imagine that you work for a city where future development projects are in the planning stages. You are
tasked with creating a map of all the municipal buildings in the city and you will display the building
names on the map.

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 Lesson 6

Choosing standard or feature-linked annotation (continued)

3. Would you use standard annotation or feature-linked annotation, and why?

6-20
Exercise 6C 20 minutes

Create and modify geodatabase annotation

Unlike labels, annotations give you greater flexibility in placement and appearance for individual features.
The Convert To Annotation tool quickly and easily converts your label classes to a geodatabase annotation
feature class. When you have an annotation feature class, you can move, edit the appearance of, or even
add or delete individual annotation features. This capability gives you another option for adding text to
your map. In this exercise, you will convert labels to annotation and modify individual annotation features.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Convert labels to annotation.

• Modify and create annotation.

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 Lesson 6

Step 1: Import a map file

You will import a map file before converting labels to annotation.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

b From the Catalog pane, in the Mali folder, right-click the Annotation map file and choose Add And
Open.

c In the bottom-left corner below the map, update the scale to 1:250,000, if necessary.

The map file displays airports and streams in Mali. The airports are labeled according to how you created
the label classes in the previous exercise. Streams are also labeled using a label class and the water text
symbol.

Step 2: Convert labels to annotation

Next, you will convert labels to annotation so that you can modify the text individually.

a From the Map tab, in the Labeling group, click the Convert down arrow and choose Convert Labels To
Annotation.

b In the Geoprocessing pane, ensure that Input Map is set to Annotation. For

c Convert, accept the default of All Layers In Map.

You will convert all labels in the map to annotation. If you wanted to only convert the labels for
a single layer, you could choose that option here.

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 Adding text to a map

d Notice that the Conversion Scale is set to 1:250,000, which is the current map scale.

e For Output Geodatabase, click the Browse button , browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\Mali, and then
select the Mali geodatabase and click OK.

f For Extent, choose Current Display Extent.

The Extent parameter will automatically revert to As Specified Below, but your values will be
correct.

g Leave all other values at their default settings.

Your extent values may differ slightly from the values shown in the graphic.

You will create standard annotation because airport and stream names are unlikely to change. However,
you could check the Create Feature-Linked Annotation box if you wanted to do so.

h Click Run.

The new annotation group layer containing your two new annotation feature classes is now part of your
map.

i In the Contents pane, expand GroupAnno, AirportsAnno, and StreamsAnno to show the annotation
layers.

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 Lesson 6

j Notice that the various sublayers are based on the label classes. In the

k Catalog pane, from the Mali folder, expand Mali.gdb.

When you create annotation feature classes, they are added to the geodatabase. Annotation feature
classes give you increased flexibility in placement, and you can modify them without affecting the
attributes of the original feature class.

Step 3: Modify annotation text

Next, you will edit the two stream names. You will change these two annotations to title case. Because
these annotations are a feature class, one way that you can modify them is directly through the attribute
table.

a In the Contents pane, right-click the StreamsAnno layer and choose Attribute Table.

b In the StreamsAnno attribute table, under Text String, double-click KOLINBINE to make the text
editable.

c Type Kolinbine and press Enter.

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 Adding text to a map

The text for the Kolinbine stream is updated to reflect your change.

There are other ways to change annotations other than through the attribute table. In this instance, there
are only a few features. However, if you were working in an area with dozens of annotations, you might
want to change them directly on your map.

d Close the StreamsAnno attribute table.

e On the Edit tab, in the Features group, click Modify.

f In the Modify Features pane, under Alignment, choose Annotation .

You can now select and edit annotation features directly in the map.

g In your map, click the PAPARA annotation to select it.

The selection shows an active typing cursor in the selection box. You can use the left and right arrow keys to
move the cursor through your annotation text. You can also use your mouse to place the active typing
cursor.

h Double-click the selection box to highlight the text, and then change the PAPARA text to
Papara.

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Lesson 6

i On the editing toolbar at the bottom of the map, locate the Finish button, as specified in the
following graphic.

j Click the Finish button.

k From the Edit tab, in the Manage Edits group, click Save, and then click Yes to save all edits.

l To clear the selection, either click away from the stream name or from the Edit tab, in the Selection
group, click Clear.

Both streams are updated to title case.

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 Adding text to a map

Step 4: Modify annotation placement

You can also move annotations freely in the map frame. Because you created standard annotations, they
are not linked to features. You will move the Kayes Airport annotation so that it will not be confused with
the MajorCities feature or the basemap Kayes map graphics.

a From the Edit tab, in the Tools group, click Move. Select

b the Kayes Airport annotation.

The annotation feature highlights in the map. You can use the editing tools at the bottom of the map to
move, rotate, or scale your annotation. You can also move features directly in the map.

c Place your pointer over the yellow dot so that it changes to a four-arrow cursor, and then move it to the
southwest of the airport symbol.

d On the editing toolbar, click the Finish button . Clear

e your selection, and then save your edits.

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 Lesson 6

The annotation is now in a better location on the map.

Step 5: Create annotation features

Finally, you will add a new annotation to your feature class. The regional airport near Kayes, Mali, did not
get converted because the scale dependency was a smaller scale than the 1:250,000 used for the map
during conversion. The airport symbol is visible on your map, so you want to add a new annotation feature
to your AirportsAnno feature class.

a On the Map tab, activate the Explore tool.

b Click the airport feature that is northeast of Kayes Airport that does not have a label.

1. What is the name of this airport?

c Close the pop-up window.

Because this airport is a regional airport, it did not have a label displayed for conversion. You can still
create an annotation in your annotation feature class to display in your map.

d On the Edit tab, in the Features group, click Create.

e In the Create Features pane, under GroupAnno : AirportsAnno, click Regional Airports, as shown in the
following graphic.

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 Adding text to a map

f In the text box, replace the default text with Kayes Dag Dag Airport.

g From the Map tab, click the Fixed Zoom In button one time to zoom in closer. Place your

h pointer northeast of the Kayes Dag Dag Airport symbol.

As you move your pointer in the map, the new text field moves with your cursor.

i Click in the map at a location that you believe is suitable for your new annotation.

If you are zoomed out past 1:250,000, the label will not display.

Do not click again in your map or another annotation with be created.

j From the Edit tab, in the Selection group, click Clear .

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Lesson 6

k On the Edit tab, in the Manage Edits group, click Save, and then click Yes to save all edits. From the

l View tab, reset the ArcGIS Pro panes to the default mapping setting.

m Close the Annotation map, and then save the project and leave ArcGIS Pro open.

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 Adding text to a map

Lesson review

1. Describe three defining characteristics of labels in ArcGIS Pro.

2. Why would you create label classes?

3. What are two advantages of converting labels to a geodatabase annotation feature class?

Esri Training course: Labeling Map Features

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 Answers to Lesson 6 questions

Choosing standard or feature-linked annotation (page 6-19)

Scenario 1: Adding text to a national parks map

1. Would you use standard annotation or feature-linked annotation, and why?
Use standard annotation because you can modify the orientation, font, or location of this
annotation on the map, and landforms or national park names seldom change.

Scenario 2: Adding text to a power-line voltage map

2. Would you use standard annotation or feature-linked annotation, and why?
Use feature-linked annotation because when the power lines move and if their voltage
changes in the attribute table, then the annotations are automatically updated.

Scenario 3: Adding text to a municipal buildings map

3. Would you use standard annotation or feature-linked annotation, and why?
Use feature-linked annotation because as building names or uses change in the building
feature class attributes, the annotations are automatically updated.

Exercise 6C: Create and modify geodatabase annotation (page 6-21)

1. What is the name of this airport?
Kayes Dag Dag Airport

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 7 Visualizing data in 3D

The earth is a three-dimensional environment, so mapping it in two dimensions affects your

visualization and analysis capabilities. Some but not all mapping is better conducted in 2D. For
example, if you were mapping the parcels of a city for a tax map, you would not need to use 3D.
However, if you wanted to show the waterline infrastructure as it lies underground, 3D is necessary.
Viewing data in 3D can enhance your insight into the data and spatial relationships between the
features.

Topics covered

3D capabilities Types

of scenes Elevation

sources Extrusion

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Lesson 7

3D mapping capabilities

Most mapping operations often occur in 2D. However, working in 3D can enhance your visualization and
analysis work by offering a different perspective on the data. Three-dimensional data allows for better
communication through a map because viewing the world in 3D makes articulating ideas and showing
relationships easier.

Figure 7.1. Capabilities of 3D data allow you to enhance the visualization of your data and spatial analysis solutions. Further, you can
manage and share 3D resources that highlight your work.

Visualize
Viewing GIS data in 3D can greatly enhance your understanding of the real-world 3D spatial relationships
among objects. It can also provide insight into how elements like slope and elevation might affect your data.

Examples include draping land ownership maps and seeing how terrain and views can affect property value
or showing the location of underground deviated wells from a drilling platform.

Manage
Storing and editing 3D GIS data is similar to managing any other GIS data. You can create and manage data
sources inside the geodatabase as 3D features and create and edit 3D features using ArcGIS Pro editing
tools.

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 Visualizing data in 3D

3D mapping capabilities (continued)

Analyze
Some GIS tasks—such as performing visibility analysis or determining where a water well intersects an
underground body (aquifer)—can only be done in 3D. For example, with 3D data, you can identify what
can be seen from important view positions, such as gaps in the security coverage for a parade route.

Share
You can share web scenes and 3D analysis tools to a portal. Showing or presenting in 3D will often result in a
better understanding of the problem or solution.

Many industries use 3D to visualize and analyze data:

• Urban and regional planning: Visual impact analysis, disaster management, event planning, and
environmental analyses
• Civil engineering: Terrain modeling and analysis, telecommunication, and lidar elevation data
management
• Defense: Situational awareness and understanding, tactical planning, mission planning, and briefing
• Facilities management: Disaster management, space planning, security planning, and
navigation (delivery and routing)
• Public safety: Disaster management, security planning, and tactical planning

7-3
Lesson 7

Local and global scenes

In ArcGIS Pro, you can convert your 2D maps into two types of 3D scenes: local and global. Whether to
create a local or global scene depends on the data, extent, and type of analysis or visualization that you
need to perform. ArcGIS Pro permits you to store both 3D scene types and 2D maps together in a project,
allowing you to switch from one to another.

Local scenes
Local scenes are used for data with smaller extents where the curvature of the earth is unnecessary for the
analysis. Data displayed has a spatial reference in a local projected coordinate system, where the terrain
and layers are projected on a planar surface rather than on a sphere. Local scenes are helpful in visualizing
your 3D data by allowing you to navigate not only the surface but underground, giving you the ability to
interact with subsurface data, such as earthquakes or utility networks. For example, if you are calculating
the area or want to view buildings within an area of interest, you would use a local scene and projected
data instead of global, unprojected data.
Local scenes also support geographic and custom coordinate systems.

Figure 7.2. Local scenes are good for visualizing larger-scale 3D content. Local scenes can show buildings in a city, the floor
plans of a single building, or subsurface data like wells and earthquakes.

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 Visualizing data in 3D

Local and global scenes (continued)

Global scenes
Global scenes are used for larger extents and when the curvature of the earth is an important element
in your visualization and analysis. Global scenes support WGS 84 and CGCS 2000 geographic coordinate
systems. Some examples include viewing flight paths or tracking storm systems such as hurricanes or
typhoons.

Figure 7.3. Global scenes are useful when you have large amounts of data at a smaller scale and want to consider the
curvature of the earth in your mapping and analysis.

7-5
Lesson 7

Exploring elevation sources

In ArcGIS Pro, you can quickly create a 3D scene from a 2D map for visualization and editing of 3D features.
You can also add custom elevation surfaces. Examples of custom elevation surfaces include one that
defines the depth of a geological stratum or one that defines the height of restricted airspace.

Elevation source Description

WorldElevation3D/Terrain3D • Elevation data streamed from ArcGIS Online

• Default source for the ground surface

Raster/TIN/lidar datasets • Optional source for the ground surface

• Potentially higher quality to replace default

7-6
Exercise 7A 15 minutes

Create a local scene

You will create a 3D scene by converting a 2D map, and then set a ground elevation surface to a detailed
elevation raster for the study area.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Convert a map to a scene.

• Set the elevation source.

7-7
 Lesson 7

Step 1: Open a map file

In this step, you will open a map file that contains earthquake data for Northridge, California. Map files are
another way of sharing maps where only the map definition is saved, not the data. The map definition
contains the layers and their symbology.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand Northridge, right-click Northridge.mapx, and
choose Add And Open.

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 Visualizing data in 3D

The map file displays an elevation raster and several other layers for the Northridge area. The Northridge
Block Groups layer is based on the number of damaged buildings in each block group.

Step 2: Convert a map to a scene

In this step, you will convert the 2D map of Northridge into a 3D scene. An advantage of using ArcGIS
Pro is that you can have 2D and 3D views within the same project. You can also have global and local
scenes in the same project.

a From the View tab, in the View group, click Convert and choose To Local Scene.

A new 3D view named Northridge_3D is added to your project. Northridge_3D can include both 2D and 3D
layers.

b In the Catalog pane, expand Maps.

Each map that you have added to your course project appears in the list of maps, as does the
Northridge_3D scene. Next, you will explore the default elevation surface for the scene.

c In the Contents pane, scroll to the bottom and locate Elevation Surfaces.

ArcGIS Pro uses a default elevation surface from ArcGIS Online as the default ground surface so that
features know where to draw.

d Open the WorldElevation3D/Terrain3D properties. Click

e the Source tab.

7-9
 Lesson 7

f Notice that the data source for this surface is a URL referencing a cached image service and not a file-
based image.

g Expand Spatial Reference.

Because the ground surface references an online service, Web Mercator is the projected
coordinate system.

h Close the properties dialog box.

Step 3: Add a ground source

Next, you will explore the raster properties of your elevation layer.

a In the Contents pane, open the Elevation layer properties. From

b the Source tab, expand Raster Information.

c Notice that the cell size has a roughly 9.5-meter resolution.

The default ground surface from ArcGIS Online has a 30-meter resolution. Your elevation raster has an
approximately 10-meter resolution. You will replace the default ground surface with your more detailed
elevation dataset for the area.

d Close the properties dialog box.

e In the Contents pane, under Elevation Surfaces, right-click Ground and choose Add Elevation Source
Layer.

f Browse to ..\EsriTraining\APEW\Northridge\Northridge.gdb, select Elevation83, and click OK.

g In the Contents pane, under Ground, turn Elevation83 and WorldElevation3D/Terrain3D on and off
while zooming in and tilting the scene.

You can see that the ground surface that you added has a better resolution than the ArcGIS

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 Visualizing data in 3D

Online service.

h Keep Elevation83 on and turn off WorldElevation3D/Terrain3D.

i Using the Explore tool, tilt the scene so that you can view it from the side.

You have substituted your own elevation raster for the default ArcGIS Online ground surface in your scene.
The layer display and measurements are based now on the more detailed ground surface, not on the
ArcGIS Online service.

j Save the project and leave ArcGIS Pro open for the next exercise.

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Lesson 7

Displaying features in 3D

Whether you use the default ground surface or provide your own, you can specify how features display in
the scene. Features like trees belong on the ground. You can model subsurface data, such as subway
systems or geologic data, by stating that features are relative to the ground. You can also specify that
features, such as airplanes, are at an absolute height.

Elevation Description Data Types Example

Type

On the Features must be on the Trees, light

ground ground poles

Relative to Features have a Subway

the relationship to the systems,
ground ground geologic data
like earthquakes

Absolute Features occur at a Airplanes

height constant height,
regardless of ground
elevation

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 Visualizing data in 3D

Displaying features in 3D (continued)

Extrusion
Extrusion is the process of stretching a flat 2D shape vertically to create a 3D object. Extrusion creates
3D symbology from 2D features. For example, you can extrude building polygons by a height value to
create 3D building shapes.

The three basic geometry types—points, lines, and polygons—all support extrusion.

Figure 7.4. In this example, block groups have an attribute called Damaged that indicates the number of damaged buildings from an
earthquake. Extrusion uses an attribute to display the 2D features in 3D for better visualization.

When you extrude, you can use attributes in the table, such as population or height, and you can also use
the features' z-values, if available.

• Minimum height: Extrusion added to a feature's minimum z-value

• Maximum height: Extrusion added to a feature's maximum z-value
• Base height: Extrusion added to each vertex of the feature's base
• Absolute height: Feature extruded to a specific value as a flat top

7-13
Exercise 7B 15 minutes

Extrude features

Visualizing data in 2D does not always give you the complete picture for certain types of data. For example,
showing subway routes on the surface of the earth does not provide the same visual benefit of seeing
subway routes as they exist underground. With ArcGIS Pro, you can look at data in 2D and then convert the
2D view into a 3D scene and view the data in 3D. In this exercise, you will get experience working with 3D
scenes and setting various display properties for 3D layers.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Display 2D features in 3D through extrusion.

• Link 2D and 3D views.

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 Visualizing data in 3D

Step 1: Extrude block groups based on an attribute

In this step, you will extrude the Northridge Block Groups layer by an attribute to view the data in 3D. You
will see the number of damaged buildings in each block as the attribute.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project, and then view the Northridge_3D scene.

b In the Contents pane, select Northridge Block Groups.

c From the Feature Layer tab, in the Extrusion group, click the Type down arrow and set the feature
extrusion type to Min Height.

d Notice that when you set the extrusion type that the Northridge Block Groups layer is automatically
added to the 3D Layers section in the Contents pane.

e From the Feature Layer tab, in the Extrusion group, click the Extrusion Expression button . In the

f Expression Builder, click the Language down arrow and choose VBScript.

g Under Expression, clear any existing expression.

You will build an expression to extrude the buildings based on the Damaged attribute.

h Under Fields, double-click Damaged to add it to the Expression section. After

i [Damaged], type *25.

j Click OK.

k If necessary, zoom out and pan the map to see the block groups.

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Lesson 7

Multiplying the value in the Damaged field by 25 for the extrusion will help you clearly see the
features. You will modify the symbology and remove the polygon outlines so that the features display
more clearly.

l In the Contents pane, right-click Northridge Block Groups and choose Symbology. In the

m Symbology pane, on the Classes tab, click More.

n Choose Format All Symbols.

o At the top of the Symbology pane, click the Properties tab, if necessary. Change the

p Outline Color to No Color.

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 Visualizing data in 3D

q Click Apply.

The block groups display based on the value in the Damaged field and the expression that you applied.
Extrusion provides another method of viewing the data, and you can see which block groups have more
damaged buildings.

Step 2: Visualize subsurface data

In this step, you will visualize the Northridge earthquake and its aftershocks below the surface of the
earth by magnitude.

a In the Contents pane, drag Earthquakes >= 3.5 into the 3D Layers section, above the
Northridge Block Groups layer.

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Lesson 7

Next, you will change how the earthquake points are displayed based on an attribute value, rather than on
the elevation surface.

b In the Contents pane, under Elevation Surfaces, verify that the WorldElevation3D/Terrain3D layer is
turned off.

c Open the properties for Earthquakes >= 3.5 and, if necessary, click the Elevation tab. For

d Features Are, change On The Ground to At An Absolute Height.

e For Vertical Units, choose Kilometers.

Because there is a field that stores the depth of each earthquake, you can set the elevation source to At An
Absolute Height. Absolute height means that the features know their exact height and do not have to get it
from another elevation surface. You will display the earthquake depths as negative numbers so that you
can visualize them below the surface.

f For Additional Feature Elevation Using, click the Set An Expression button . In the

g Expression Builder, click the Language down arrow and choose Arcade. Under

h Expression, clear any existing expression.

i Under Fields, double-click DEPTH to add it to the expression.

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 Visualizing data in 3D

j After $feature.DEPTH, type * -1.

k Click OK twice.

l Navigate around the map so that you can see the subsurface earthquake locations.

Earlier, the earthquakes appeared on the surface of the ground when being viewed in 2D. When the same
earthquakes are viewed in 3D, they show at a representative, or exaggerated, depth at which they
occurred.

Step 3: View a 2D map and 3D view together

You can link 2D and 3D views in the same project. When you link views, you can pan or zoom in one view,
and it will reflect the same movement in the other view.

a In the map view, right-click the tab for the Northridge map (the two-dimensional map) and choose New
Vertical Tab Group.

b Adjust the window size, if necessary.

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Lesson 7

Creating the vertical tab group allows you to see both the 2D and the 3D views. You can also create
horizontal tab groups or float the tabs and move them yourself. Next, you will link the views.

c From the View tab, in the Link group, click the Link Views down arrow and choose Center And Scale.

You can remove the link between views by clicking the same function on and off.

d Zoom and pan around the Northridge (2D) map, and notice how the 3D scene updates to match the
extent.

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 Visualizing data in 3D

Linking views in ArcGIS Pro is a great way to view your 2D and 3D data at the same time. When you have
multiple tabs showing in the view simultaneously, you can manage them and determine where they are
docked.

e Drag the Northridge map tab into the center of the screen until you see a docking target in the view.

If you place your pointer in one of the five docking squares, ArcGIS Pro highlights the area in which the
window will be placed.

f Point to the bottom square, and then release the window.

You converted a 2D map to a 3D scene and extruded buildings to show damaged buildings in each block
group. You also worked with subsurface earthquake data and observed that the points that you worked
with on a 2D map lie underground. Viewing data like earthquakes in 3D gives you insight into the data and
its relationships with other features.

g Close the Northridge_3D scene and Northridge map. From the

h View tab, click Link Views to remove the link.

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Lesson 7

i Reset the ArcGIS Pro panes to the default mapping setting. Save

j your project and keep ArcGIS Pro open.

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 Visualizing data in 3D

Lesson review

1. What determines when you would use a global scene or a local scene?

2. Describe the default ground elevation source and why you might want to use your own
ground source.

7-23
 8 Creating features from tabular data

Data comes in many formats. Sometimes, spatial data is contained in a nonspatial table. For example,
you may have a spreadsheet containing the results of water quality samples, including the latitude and
longitude where each sample was taken. This table can be used to place points on a map.

You will explore address tables and tables containing x,y coordinates. You may have a table containing
addresses, such as stores or 911 call locations. Or your table might contain x,y coordinate locations of
events like robberies or wildlife sightings. In either situation, you can use ArcGIS Pro to transform
tabular information into features that you can query, edit, and analyze. In this lesson, you will learn
methods for creating features from tabular data.

Topics covered

Creating point features from x,y locations

8-1
Lesson 8

Indirectly storing spatial data

GIS data comes in many formats. Often, the data is spatial and represented on the map as features.
Another common form of GIS data is tabular data, or nonspatial data. Nonspatial tables are widely used in
GIS and can be the result of capturing locations with a GPS to store x,y coordinates or addresses.

Tables may indirectly store spatial data as coordinates or addresses that represent real-world
locations. If you have a table that stores either coordinates or addresses, you can use tools in ArcGIS
Pro to display them as actual features for use in mapping, visualization, or analysis.

Figure 8.1. On the left is a table containing x,y coordinates and on the right is a table containing addresses. Although the
information is stored in a nonspatial table, you can use tools to plot the points on a map and display them with your other
data.

8-2
 Creating features from tabular data

Evaluate tabular data

Evaluating your data before adding it to a map is important. Data is not perfect and often needs
modification before using it. Tabular data (like CSV files, TXT files, and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets) is one
type of data that you can add to a map. ArcGIS Pro allows you to view tabular data either in a map or scene
but also allows you to view it from the Catalog pane or catalog view. While the software will apply the
necessary changes to field names that do not meet the following criteria, these criteria are recommended
to obtain the best results:

• The first row of the table should be the headers, or field names, for your data.
• At least one field in the table must include locational information (for example, an address).
• Field names must start with a letter.
• Field names must contain only letters, numbers, and underscores.
• Data columns must be formatted consistently (for example, a column that contains yearly sales
figures should be formatted with numbers, not as a mixture of numbers and text).

Instructions
a Restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

b In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand TabularData. Right-

c click EvaluateTable.mapx and choose Add And Open.

d In the Contents pane, right-click InvasiveSpecies.csv and choose Open. Use this

e table and the preceding criteria to answer the following questions. When you are

f finished, close the map but keep the project open.

1. Which field names provide locational information that you can use to add the table to a
map?

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 Lesson 8

Evaluate tabular data (continued)

2. How would you modify this table to create features in a map?

8-4
 Creating features from tabular data

Displaying tabular data on a map

X,Y coordinates
In tables, x,y coordinates may be in latitude and longitude values, UTM meters values, or State Plane feet
values, and there are many other possibilities. It is good practice to verify that the coordinates in your
nonspatial table match with the coordinates of your spatial data. Open the table and check the coordinate
values and the coordinate system of your map and the data. Your features may not display correctly if the
x,y coordinates in the table are in a different coordinate system from your other data. You may need to
reproject the features to match your spatial data after you have created them.

Figure 8.2. When you run the Display XY tool to create points from x,y coordinates, you specify the output coordinate system.
Always be aware of the coordinate system of your map and whether the coordinates in the table will display with your
features.

8-5
Lesson 8

Displaying tabular data on a map (continued)

Geocoding addresses
Addresses in a table represent locations on the earth and may appear as street intersections, house
numbers with street names, or postal codes. Other notable location types can include cities, landmarks,
business names, or geographic locations such as mountains and rivers. When geocoding addresses in a
table, the accuracy level is based on the input address information provided and the locator used. A
locator contains reference data, indexes, and local addressing knowledge to help return the best match
during the geocoding process.

Figure 8.3. When you run the Geocode Table tool to create points from addresses, you specify a locator. A locator contains a
snapshot of reference data, indexes, and local addressing knowledge to help return the best match.

8-6
Exercise 8 15 minutes

Create point features from x,y coordinates

Part of working on a GIS project involves gathering and migrating data from external sources into your
geodatabase. The data that you acquire might be spatial data of actual features, and other data might
store spatial data indirectly in a table. You might get a table of x,y coordinates referencing things that
occurred at the specified coordinates. You will create a point feature class from a table of coordinates.

In this exercise, you will perform the following task:

• Create points on a map from a table of coordinates.

8-7
 Lesson 8

Step 1: Import a global scene

First, you will import a global scene the same way in which you have imported other maps.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand Global. Right-

c click AddXYCoords.mapx and choose Add And Open.

A global scene displays. You can now add data to the scene.

Step 2: Explore tabular data

Next, you will add data about space missions conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

8-8
 Creating features from tabular data

a In the Catalog pane, from the Global folder, expand the NASA geodatabase.

Inside the geodatabase is a table containing information about space vehicles that performed ocean
landings, including the x,y coordinate locations of the landing sites.

b From the NASA geodatabase, add the SpaceVehicles_OceanLandings_NASA table to the scene.

Nothing new displays on the globe, but a table layer is added to the Contents pane.

Next, you will explore the table that you added to the project. Tabular data can store supplemental
attributes for features or can store spatial data indirectly by storing coordinates or addresses.

c In the Contents pane, right-click SpaceVehicles_OceanLandings_NASA and choose Open. Scroll to the

d far right of the table.

The table contains several fields that are related to each mission, such as the name, date, duration, and
the latitude and longitude of the landing location. Unlike the attribute table of a geodatabase feature
class, no field indicates the geometry type (point, line, polygon). Nonspatial

8-9
 Lesson 8

tables like this table do not contain this field because there are no associated spatial features. With ArcGIS
Pro, you can map x,y coordinates from tabular data to create spatial features that contain the attributes
from your table. In this case, the field names for the x,y coordinates are Longitude and Latitude,
respectively.

e Close the table.

Step 3: Create point features from a table containing x,y coordinates

Next, you will use a geoprocessing tool to create a point feature class from the coordinates in the table.

a In the Contents pane, right-click SpaceVehicles_OceanLandings_NASA and choose Display XY Data.

The XY Table To Point tool opens in the Display XY Data dialog box.

b In the Display XY Data dialog box, set or confirm the following parameters:

• Input Table: SpaceVehicles_OceanLandings_NASA

• Output Feature Class: OceanLandings
• X Field and Y Field: Longitude and Latitude, respectively
• Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984

The coordinates in this table are mapped using the WGS 1984 geographic coordinate system
(GCS) and do not use a projected coordinate system (PCS). It is important to know what GCS or
PCS that the x,y values in your table use before creating a point feature class. If the fields in the
source table contain projected coordinates, you can specify the appropriate PCS while
displaying the x,y data. If the incorrect coordinate system is used, your data will be in the
incorrect location.

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 Creating features from tabular data

c Click OK.

d From the Map tab, in the Navigate group, click Bookmarks and choose Atlantic.

The landing locations now display in the map.

e With the Explore tool, zoom and tilt the scene so that you can see the curvature of the earth. From the

f Map tab, zoom to the Pacific bookmark.

g Explore the Pacific Ocean landings.

h In the Catalog pane, expand Databases and then CourseProject.gdb, if necessary.

The OceanLandings feature class is now included in the project geodatabase.

If you do not see the new feature class, refresh the geodatabase.

i Close the scene, save your project, and leave ArcGIS Pro open.

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 Lesson 8

Lesson review

1. What must a table's records contain to be displayed as features in an ArcGIS Pro map?

2. How do you get a table containing x,y coordinates into a feature class of points?

3. Why is knowing the exact coordinate system important when using the XY Table To Point
tool?

Esri Training course: Mapping Addresses and Places

8-12
 Answers to Lesson 8 questions

Evaluate tabular data (page 8-3)

1. Which field names provide locational information that you can use to add the table to a map?
LAT. and LONG. fields or the COUNTY field provide locational information.

2. How would you modify this table to create features in a map?

• Format the field name text so that all letters are capital letters to match the other fields
and include underscores as necessary.
• Change the field name from starting with a number to a letter (for example,
FIRST_SOURCE).
• Reformat the entire column to dates. Currently, some of the records are formatted as
dates and some are formatted as numbers.
• Replace the space in the field name with an underscore (for example,
ERADICATION_WORK).
• Remove the period from the field names (for example, LAT and LONG).
• Add a field name (for example, NAME, DESCRIPTION, NOTES).
• Delete any unnecessary fields.

8-13
 9 Associating tabular data

When you think of GIS data, you might first think of spatial data because you see features on a map.
Although spatial features are important for visualization and mapmaking, attributes provide valuable
information about the locations in your map. Without attributes, the display of your data would be
based on non-meaningful color selections rather than values in the table. If you have a separate table
containing information about your features, you can access the additional information by connecting
the tables. In this lesson, you will learn about table relationships and the methods for connecting
tables in ArcGIS Pro.

Topics covered

Table relationships

Managing tabular data

Connecting tables using joins and relates

9-1
Lesson 9

Table relationships

Most database designs encourage organizing your data into multiple tables, with each one focused on a
specific topic. For example, census data may have thousands of values or descriptions, and storing that
information in the layer table would make the dataset larger. Often, descriptive information is stored in a
separate table to reduce dataset size and processing time and to eliminate unnecessary duplication in your
database. When you need information that is not in the layer's table, you can link the two tables together.

Figure 9.1. The two tables list information about countries, cities, and population. You could associate these two tables so that
the population information is stored in the same table as the country or capital.

9-2
 Associating tabular data

Table relationships (continued)

Linking tables
By creating table relationships, you can join attributes based on common values in both tables. In the
following example, you can link both tables together based on the CAPITAL and CITY attributes. The
common field shared by the two tables is known as a key field. The field names do not need to be the same
to create the relationship; however, the field types must be the same.

Figure 9.2. The attribute table on the left is associated to a nonspatial table of common attributes, such as population. The
CAPITAL and CITY fields have common values.

Creating table relationships allows you to access information that you can link to your features. After you
have created these relationships, the related attributes are available to help you analyze your data, make
meaningful maps, and solve spatial problems.

9-3
Lesson 9

Common table management items

When creating table relationships, it is important to explore your tables to ensure that they have the
necessary information or are in the storage format that you want. Matching fields are required for
connecting tables, but a table may not have the required fields. If you are working with geodatabase tables
or shapefiles, you can add or calculate the necessary fields to a table using a geoprocessing tool. You
cannot add or calculate fields in other tabular formats, such as CSV or Excel. Further, you may have
different tabular formats, like CSV, and want to standardize them to meet the recommendations of your
organization and get them into the geodatabase.

Figure 9.3. Always check your tables before you make table connections to verify that you have the appropriate fields, values,
and table format.

9-4
Exercise 9A 15 minutes

Prepare tabular data

You may have tables that do not have the appropriate fields for making connecting tables. However, table
associations require common fields that store the same information. In this exercise, you will perform
several table management operations to prepare data for a table join.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Import a table into the geodatabase.

• Add a field to a table.
• Calculate a field.

9-5
 Lesson 9

Step 1: Explore tabular data

In this step, you will add a map and data to the project and examine some attributes that you will use for
connecting tables.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand Pittsburgh, and then right-click Pittsburgh.mapx
and choose Add And Open.

The map displays tracts for an area in Pittsburgh. There is also a CSV file in the Contents pane.
However, there are no spatial features displayed from it. You will compare the attributes in the CSV file
to the attributes for the Penn Hills Tract layer.

c From the Contents pane, right-click the Poverty.csv table and choose Open. Right-

d click the Penn Hills Tracts layer and choose Attribute Table.

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 Associating tabular data

The Penn Hills Tracts table has a field called CTIDFP00 and the CSV file has a field called Tract. The fields
store similar values, but the fields must be the same data type to connect the tables.

e In the Poverty.csv table, point to the vertical line to the right of the Tract field, as shown in the
following graphic.

f Drag the vertical bar to the right to expand the field.

The values in the Tract field are right-justified, indicating that the field is numeric. You can verify a field
data type by pointing to the field name.

g Point to the Tract field heading.

The Tract field has a data type of Double.

h View the Penn Hills Tracts attribute table. Expand

i the field divider for the CTIDFP00 field.

9-7
 Lesson 9

The CTIDFP00 field, which also stores the tract numbers, is left-aligned.

j Point to the CTIDFP00 field heading.

A left-aligned field indicates a text field. Both tables contain a field that stores the tract number, but the
fields store a different data type. The name of the field does not matter, but the data types must match to
perform a table join. It is a recommended practice to join tables using text or integer fields. Because the
Tract field has a data type of Double, you must perform some data management tasks to make this join
possible.

Step 2: Export the CSV file into a geodatabase

In this step, you will export the CSV file into a geodatabase as a table so that you can add a field to it. You
cannot edit CSV files in ArcGIS Pro.

a View the Poverty.csv table.

The top of the table has many dimmed tools, which indicates that you cannot add or calculate fields for this
table. You will convert the table into an editable format so that you can complete the join.

b Close both tables.

c In the Contents pane, right-click Poverty.csv, point to Data, and choose Export Table.

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 Associating tabular data

d In the Export Table dialog box, for Output Table, type PovertyTable. Notice

e that the output is stored in the project geodatabase.

f Click OK.

g In the Contents pane, right-click PovertyTable and choose Open.

Now the tools for editing the table structure are available in the geodatabase table.

h In the Contents pane, remove Poverty.csv.

Step 3: Calculate a field

You just imported the CSV file into the geodatabase so that you can add and calculate fields. Next, you
will add a field in the PovertyTable table and calculate it based on the values in the existing Tract field.

a On the PovertyTable table toolbar, click Add .

b On the fields view tab, scroll to the bottom of the table.

c In the new row, for Field Name, double-click Field, type CTID, and press Enter. For

d Data Type, click the current value twice and choose Text.

e For Length, click the current value twice, type 50, and then press Enter.

f On the ribbon, from the Fields tab, in the Changes group, click Save to store the new field. Close the

g fields view tab for PovertyTable.

Next, you will calculate the CTID field based on the values in the Tract field that is in the PovertyTable table.

h Scroll to the right, if necessary, and then right-click the CTID field header and choose Calculate Field.

Most of the input parameters for the field calculation are already set, but you must still add an
expression; you will use the values in the Tract field.

i In the Fields section, double-click Tract to add it to the expression under CTID =.

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Lesson 9

j Click OK.

Now that you have defined the CTID field data type as Text and calculated the attribute values to match the
CTIDFP00 field in the Penn Hills Tracts table, you can use these fields to join the tables.

k Close the PovertyTable table.

l Save your project and leave ArcGIS Pro open for the next exercise.

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 Associating tabular data

Table cardinality

When working with tables, you will determine how the values match based on a relationship. A
relationship's cardinality refers to the number of records in one table that can be related, or associated,
with several records in another table.

Which types of table relationships are available?

The following graphic shows the three most common types of relationships, or cardinality.

Figure 9.4. Cardinality determines how many records in each table are associated.

Assessing table cardinality is important because it determines the method that you will use to access
your related information.

ArcGIS will not determine table cardinality for you. Exploring your attributes to discover how your tables
relate to one another is the first step in creating table relationships. Creating a separate table by
summarizing a key field is a useful technique for determining cardinality.

9-11
Lesson 9

Joins and relates

There are two ways to associate tables in ArcGIS Pro: joins and relates. Both methods work best with
specific cardinality types and scenarios.

Joins
Joins are a table association in which the fields from the join table are appended to the input table. A table
join does not create a data source on disk; instead, it creates a virtual join as a layer property. A join does
not affect the source data.

Figure 9.5. In this example, there is a census tract layer and a supplemental table of demographic information. The tables are
stored separately to reduce the size of the datasets. You can join the demographic information based on a common field.

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 Associating tabular data

Joins and relates (continued)

Relates
Relates work differently than joins in that both tables remain independent and no fields are appended. A
relate simply relates records in one table to records in another table based on the key field. You can use the
related information to learn more about your features and also for editing.

Figure 9.6. After you create the relate, you can select records in the primary table and then access the related table to view the
related records. The example shown here is the primary table that lists four stores and the secondary table that contains
thousands of customers. A store is selected in the primary table, and then the related table shows the related customers
selected. The relate is based on the Store_ID and STOREID key fields.

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Lesson 9

Exploring joins and relates

You create joins and relates in a similar way using common fields between two tables. After you create a
join or relate, you can use them in different ways.

Joins Relates

Most often used with one-to-one and many- to- Most often used with one-to-many cardinality
one cardinality

Appends fields from one table to another Both tables remain intact and separate

Use joined fields for labeling, symbology, Use for data exploration and editing
querying, and analysis

Can export a joined layer to its own data source Cannot export a relate to a feature class

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 Associating tabular data

Choosing joins or relates

Joins and relates each work best with specific cardinalities and situations. For each of the following
examples, choose whether a join or relate would work best.

Scenario 1: Connecting store locations with a sales table

You have a feature layer containing store locations and have a nonspatial table containing sales
information for each store. The tables have a one-to-one cardinality, and you want to use the additional
information for attribute queries.

1. Would you use a join or relate, and why?

Scenario 2: Connecting building features with a tenants table

You have a feature layer of buildings and a nonspatial table containing the tenants for each building. The
cardinality is one-to-many, and you want to use the information for data exploration and editing.

2. Would you use a join or relate, and why?

Scenario 3: Connecting land-use features with a land-use descriptions table

You have a layer where each polygon is classified according to its land-use type. The layer's attribute table
only stores a land-use code; a separate table stores the full description of each land-use type. The
cardinality is many-to-one and you would like to use the additional information to symbolize the layer.

9-15
 Lesson 9

Choosing joins or relates (continued)

3. Would you use a join or relate, and why?

9-16
Exercise 9B 25 minutes

Create table associations

You will use a table join to access supplemental census information and join the information to a layer
containing census tracts. After you join the fields from the supplemental table to the tracts, you can use
the fields for querying, display, and symbology. You will also create a table relate between stores and
customers.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Perform a table join.

• Use joined fields for display and querying.
• Create a table relate.

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 Lesson 9

Step 1: Join tables

Now that you have prepared the table, you are ready to perform the join.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

b In the Contents pane, right-click Penn Hills Tracts, point to Joins And Relates, and choose Add Join.

The Add Join geoprocessing tool opens in the Add Join dialog box with the Input Table parameter already
set to Penn Hills Tracts.

c Specify or confirm the following parameters:

• Input Join Field: CTIDFP00

• Join Table: PovertyTable
• Join Table Field: CTID

The yellow warning next to the Input Join Field parameter indicates that the CTIDFP00 field is
not indexed. You will not index the field for this exercise, so you will keep the Index Joined
Fields box unchecked.

The Keep All Target Features box is checked by default to ensure that all records are kept in the output. If
you uncheck this option, only records that have matches will be present in the output.

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 Associating tabular data

d Click Validate Join.

e In the Message dialog box, read through the messages to see the various items that are validated.

f When you are finished reading, click Close. In

g the Add Join dialog box, click OK.

When you perform an Add Join, the fields from the join table are appended to the input table, but only
within the current ArcGIS Pro project. Joins are virtual and do not affect the source data.

h In the Contents pane, open the Penn Hills Tracts attribute table and scroll to the right, if necessary.

The table for Penn Hills Tracts contains the joined fields.

i Close the table.

Step 2: Use joined fields

Next, you will use the joined fields for querying and symbology.

a From the Map tab, in the Selection group, click Select By Attributes.

b In the Select By Attributes dialog box, ensure that Input Rows is set to Penn Hills Tracts. Next to

c Where, click the down arrow to access a list of fields.

9-19
Lesson 9

The fields from both of the tables are available for the attribute query. Build

d the following expression: PopPov Is Greater Than 298. Click OK.

The
e tracts with a poverty population over 298 are selected in the map. Before you performed the join, you
could not have selected tracts based on the poverty levels because the field was in a separate table.

f Clear the selection.

Hint: Selection group > Clear

g In the Contents pane, if necessary, select Penn Hills Tracts, and then click the Feature Layer tab.

h Click the Symbology down arrow and choose Graduated Colors. In the

i Symbology pane, for Field, choose PopPov.

j For Method, leave the default setting of Natural Breaks (Jenks).

k Ensure that Classes is set to 3.

l Click Color Scheme and, if necessary, check the Show Names box. Scroll down

m and choose Blues (3 Classes).

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 Associating tabular data

The tracts are symbolized using a joined field.

n Close the Symbology pane.

Step 3: Export a joined layer

After you create a join, you can keep the join in your project as long as you want, as it will persist until you
remove it. If you want to add the joined layer to another project so that you have access to the additional
fields, you must export the layer.

a In the Contents pane, right-click Penn Hills Tracts, point to Data, and then choose Export Features.

b In the Export Features dialog box, leave Input Features on its default setting. For

c Output Feature Class, type JoinedTracts.

d Click OK.

e In the map, turn off the Penn Hills Tracts layer. Open

f the attribute table for the JoinedTracts layer.

The joined fields are present in the JoinedTracts table. Now you can add this layer to other projects and
have access to the joined fields.

g Close the table.

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 Lesson 9

Step 4: Create a relate

Next, you will create a relate to use in your project. You will work with different data in another part of the
United States, so you will add another map to the project.

a In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand Texas, and then right-click Relate
Tables.mapx and choose Add And Open.

The store and customer data displayed in the map is for Austin, Texas.

b Open the Stores and Customers attribute tables and explore their attributes.

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 Associating tabular data

You will create a relate from the Stores layer to the Customers layer using the STOREID and Store_ID fields.
There are only four stores but more than 12,000 customers, so the relationship between these tables is one-
to-many, or one store to many customers. After you create the relate, you can select a store, access the
relate, and view the related customers.

c Close both attribute tables.

d Right-click the Stores layer, point to Joins And Relates, and choose Add Relate. In the

e Add Relate dialog box, specify or confirm the following parameters:

• Layer Name Or Table View: Stores

• Input Relate Field: Store_ID
• Relate Table: Customers
• Output Relate Field: STOREID
• Relate Name: StoreToCustomers
• Cardinality: One To Many

f Click OK.

When you create a relate, nothing happens in the map or the table. You must choose to view related
records to see the results of the relate.

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 Lesson 9

Step 5: Use the relate to access associated records

Next, you will use the relate to view related customer records for a store.

a From the Contents pane, open the Stores attribute table.

b Click the gray box to the left of the first record, Westgate Shopping Ctr, to select the entire row.

c In the upper-right corner of the table, locate the Options button, as specified in the following graphic.

Click the Options button, point to Related Data, and then choose Customers.
d

Accessing the relate opens the Customers table and selects the customers who are associated with the
store that you selected. You can also access related tables from the Data tab on the ribbon.

e Return to the Stores attribute table and select the second record for La Frontera Village. In the

f Contents pane, ensure that Stores is selected, and then click the Data tab.

g In the Relationship group, click Related Data and choose Customers to view the related customers for
La Frontera Village.

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 Associating tabular data

By looking at the map of the selected customers, you can accurately evaluate where the customers are
coming from to get to each store.

h From the toolbar of each table, click the Clear Selection button , and then close both tables.

i In the Contents pane, turn off the Customers layer.

j From the Map tab, in the Selection group, use the Select tool to click the southernmost store and select
it.

k In the Selection group, click Attributes .

l In the Attributes pane, expand Westgate Shopping Ctr, and then, if necessary, expand
Customers.

m Under Customers, click the 1 entry.

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Lesson 9

You can view and edit the attributes for your related records in the Attributes pane. As you can see, joins
and relates offer you various methods to incorporate supplemental data into your projects.

n Close any open maps.

o From the View tab, reset the panes to the default mapping setting. Save your

p project and leave ArcGIS Pro open.

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 Associating tabular data

Lesson review

1. Why might you need to associate tables?

2. Name several uses for joined fields.

3. How can you make a join permanent?

9-27
 Answers to Lesson 9 questions

Choosing joins or relates (page 9-15)

Scenario 1: Connecting store locations with a sales table

1. Would you use a join or relate, and why?
Due to the one-to-one cardinality and because you would like to use the additional
information for attribute queries, you would use a join. Joins append fields to the primary
table that you can use for querying.

Scenario 2: Connecting building features with a tenants table

2. Would you use a join or relate, and why?
Due to the one-to-many cardinality and because you would like to use the additional
information for data exploration and editing, you would use a relate. Relates keep both
tables independent, and you can view related records and also access related records
during editing.

Scenario 3: Connecting land-use features with a land-use descriptions table

3. Would you use a join or relate, and why?
Due to the many-to-one cardinality and because you would like to use the additional
information to symbolize the layer, you would use a join. Joins append fields to the
primary table that you can use for symbology.

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10 Editing features and attributes

In this changing world, new roads are always being added, new homes are being built, and the
environment is constantly in flux. With all the changes in the world occurring, you need the ability to
model the same changes in your geodatabase. You will learn how to create features and update
attributes.

Topics covered

Feature templates

Snapping Creating

features Editing

attributes

10-1
Lesson 10

Editing features

In the GIS context, a map is a collection of data layers arranged to convey information to the map user. So
far, you have learned ways to symbolize and display data, but these actions do not change the underlying
data source.

A feature is made up of two parts in GIS: a location on the earth, represented by geometry, and attributes
that describe what the feature represents. Therefore, when you perform edits on geographic data, there
are two things that you can edit: the attributes and geometry. Some edits require you to change either the
attributes or the geometry, but many will require changes to both. If you are creating a feature, you will
need to add both the geometry and the attributes.

Figure 10.1. Editing geographic data involves changing the geographic data that is shown in the map, which can mean creating
features or modifying and deleting existing features.

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 Editing features and attributes

ArcGIS Pro editing environment

Creating features is a common operation in any GIS to account for creating new data or changes to existing
data. In ArcGIS Pro, all editable layers are always ready to edit. You can edit geodatabase feature classes,
shapefiles, and various tabular formats using the following options in ArcGIS Pro.

Digitizing
Digitizing is the process of clicking the map to create features in point, line, or polygon layers. Because
digitizing is often an approximation of locations, it is common practice to digitize over an image or a
basemap layer. When you digitize, you click to add a vertex at locations where you want to change
directions. A vertex contains x,y coordinates for that location, and a line or polygon feature may have many
vertices that make up the entire feature.

Feature templates
Feature templates contain editing properties for each layer. By default, each editable layer has at least one
feature template. If a layer has unique value symbology, you get a feature template for each category.
Modify feature templates by changing the tools used and setting default attributes. When you digitize a
feature, the attributes get updated automatically.

Snapping
Before you create features, you may want to enable snapping. Snapping controls how new features that
you create connect to other features to ensure that there are no errors when you digitize. For example,
every water lateral must have a water meter attached to it. You can use snapping to achieve this
connection. You can snap to features while you digitize in several ways. It is common to snap to individual
point features, as well as to the points, vertices, and edges that compose polygon and line features.

10-3
Lesson 10

ArcGIS Pro editing environment (continued)

Figure 10.2. Edge, vertex, and end snapping are represented along a line feature.

Grids
Enabling grids while editing helps you align features and visualize distances while modifying or creating
features. The grid overlay consists of configurable horizontal and vertical grid lines that appear across the
extent of an active map or 3D local scene. You can configure grid spacing, rotation, elevation for 3D local
scenes, snapping and inference, and display and visibility settings.

Constraints and inference

Constraint commands are applied to limit the orientation of a segment that is parallel or perpendicular to
other features or to 3D scenes on the vertical axis. You can add constraints when drawing a line or polygon
feature geometry. Inference, a constraint mode, uses your current snap settings to snap the pointer to
inferred geometric relationships between the current vertex and existing feature geometry.

10-4
Exercise 10A 25 minutes

Create features by digitizing

When you acquire GIS data or convert it from other sources, the data may be incomplete. You may have to
account for a changing world within your geodatabase by creating features. With ArcGIS Pro, you can
create features by digitizing and then updating the attributes for those features. In this exercise, you will
digitize features into an empty feature class.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Set a feature template.

• Digitize features.
• Update attributes.

10-5
Lesson 10

Step 1: Open a map

You will add a map file to the project that contains layers in Hawaii that you will edit.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand the Editing folder. Right-

c click Editing.mapx and choose Add And Open.

d In the Contents pane, right-click the BikePaths layer and choose Zoom To Layer.

The map displays a bike paths layer in Honolulu, Hawaii. There is also a layer called MilitaryBases in the
Contents pane, but the layer has no features. You will use editing tools to digitize features into the
MilitaryBases layer.

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 Editing features and attributes

Step 2: Modify a feature template

Each layer has a feature template that you can use to set editing properties. You will modify the feature
template by setting an attribute value before digitizing.

The Edit tab contains many editing tools for selecting features, creating features, modifying existing
features, editing attributes, and working with feature templates.

a From the Edit tab, in the Features group, click Create.

The Create Features pane opens. You will use this pane to create polygons representing bases.

b In the Create Features pane, to the right of the search field, click the Manage Templates button
.

All feature layers have corresponding feature templates.

c In the top half of the Manage Templates pane, expand your Editing map, if necessary, to reveal
the available layers.

d Click MilitaryBases, and then, in the lower half of the pane, click Properties.

In the Template Properties dialog box, you can control certain aspects of how the MilitaryBases layer is
edited. You could change the default Polygon tool to a different tool if you knew that another tool would
be more useful for digitizing features into the layer. Then, when you chose a template, the new default tool
would be selected.

Within a feature template, you can set default attributes so that the attribute is entered automatically
when you digitize a feature.

e Click the Attributes tab.

f For the Type field, click <Null>, type Base, and press Enter. Click

g OK.

h Close the Manage Templates pane.

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 Lesson 10

Step 3: Digitize a polygon

Next, you will digitize polygon features into the MilitaryBases layer. A transparency is already set on the
MilitaryBases layer so that you can more easily see the underlying basemaps as you digitize.

a From the Map tab, in the Navigate group, click Bookmarks and choose Ford Island.

You will digitize Ford Island, which is a joint military base in Pearl Harbor.

b In the Create Features pane, click MilitaryBases (the one with the symbol next to it).

The default tool is the Polygon tool. With the Polygon tool, you click each time that you want to change
direction or add a vertex. Each feature is made up of vertices, or sets of ordered x,y coordinate pairs.

As you digitize, you can use the mouse while holding the Z, X, or C keys to zoom in, zoom out, or
pan, respectively. You can also use your mouse wheel to zoom in and out.

c Move your pointer into the map area and click once on the southernmost point of the island, as
shown in the following graphic.

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 Editing features and attributes

d Continue clicking clockwise along the coastline of the island to add vertices when you want to change
direction.

You can digitize in any direction, but go clockwise so that the graphics in the workbook match
what you see in ArcGIS Pro.

e Continue adding vertices until you reach your start point.

Although exact precision is not required, try to closely match the polygon that you are digitizing
to the island on the map.

You can finish a sketch by double-clicking, using the F2 keyboard shortcut, or clicking the Finish button on
the editing toolbar that opens at the bottom of your map. When you double-click to finish a sketch, one
last vertex will be added at that location.

f Using your preferred method, finish the polygon.

10-9
 Lesson 10

You have digitized a polygon feature into the MilitaryBases layer. Next, you will update attributes.

Step 4: Update attributes

Now that you have created a polygon feature by digitizing, you will update some of its attributes.

a From the Edit tab, in the Selection group, click Attributes.

b In the Attributes pane, notice that the Type field is already set to Base because you entered it into the
feature template.

You will now populate some additional attributes to the new feature.

c For Name, click the <Null> value, type Pearl Harbor-Hickam, and then press Enter. At the

d bottom of the pane, click Apply.

You can also check the Auto Apply box next to Apply so that the data source is automatically
updated when you press Enter.

e From the Edit tab, in the Selection group, click Clear .

f In the Manage Edits group, click Save, and then click Yes to save all edits. Close the

g Attributes pane.

Step 5: Digitize line features

Next, you will use the skills that you have learned digitizing polygons to digitize some bike paths.

10-10
 Editing features and attributes

a From the Map tab, zoom to the Royal Kunia bookmark. Ensure

b that the Explore tool is active.

c Zoom to the end of the bike path on the east side of Royal Kunia.

You will extend the bike path by snapping to the existing bike path and digitizing another line segment.
Snapping is important to set for most editing operations, but it is especially crucial to model connectivity
for line features like streets or bike paths.

d If necessary, from the Edit tab, click Snapping to turn snapping on.

You can also click the Snapping down arrow to ensure that snapping is on.

e Click the Snapping down arrow and point to each icon that represents a snap agent to see what they
are called.

If a snap agent button is pressed in or blue, then the snap agent is active. If the button is
dimmed, then the snap agent is turned off.

f Turn off all snap agents except the one that will snap to the start and endpoints of lines, as specified in
the following graphic.

10-11
Lesson 10

g In the Create Features pane, click the BikePaths feature template.

You will use the default line digitizing tool.

h In the map, point to the end of the bike path to snap to it.

i Click to connect to the existing bike path.

j Follow Anonui Street on the map, and click to add vertices for the bike path.

Hint: Hold the C key to temporarily switch to the Explore tool so that you can pan the map. Continue

k adding vertices until you reach the second intersecting street, Hoohele Street.

l Right-click and choose Finish.

You have snapped a line feature to an existing line feature. You would normally update attributes for the
feature, but you will not in this exercise.

m Close the Create Features pane. Clear

n the selection.

o From the Edit tab, click Save, and then click Yes to save all edits.

p Save your project, and then leave ArcGIS Pro open for the next exercise.

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 Editing features and attributes

Feature modification tools

Editing is often viewed as creating features through digitizing, but it is also common to modify existing
features. ArcGIS Pro offers many tools to interactively change the geometry of features by editing vertices
or digitizing lines to change the shape of features. You can also split features into multiple features or merge
multiple features into one.

Feature Use
modification
tool

Edit Vertices Move, insert, or delete vertices to match a poorly digitized feature with
a basemap or other feature.

Reshape Change the shape of a feature to match a real-world boundary.

Split Split a feature into two features.

Merge Merge multiple features into one.

10-13
Exercise 10B 25 minutes

Modify existing features

You have created features by digitizing, but now you want to ensure that they align properly with a
basemap image. You will modify the vertices and reshape the polygon that you digitized for the base in
Hawaii. You will also split and merge land-use polygons in Austria.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Modify vertices.
• Reshape features.
• Split and merge polygons.

10-14
 Editing features and attributes

Step 1: Modify vertices

You will modify the polygon that you digitized earlier by moving, adding, and deleting vertices to change
the feature's shape.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project. In the

b Contents pane, turn off the BikePaths layer.

c From the Map tab, zoom to the Ford Island bookmark.

d From the Edit tab, in the Selection group, click the Select tool, and then click the polygon that you
digitized.

e In the Features group, click Modify .

The Modify Features pane opens, listing many tools that you can use to modify the shape of an existing
feature. You can move or rotate features, reshape features based on vertices or by digitizing a line through
them, or split lines or polygons.

f From the Modify Features pane, under Reshape, click Edit Vertices.

The vertices for the polygon display in the map. You can individually move, delete, or add vertices to help
align your feature better to the underlying image.

g Zoom in to the southernmost point of the island.

h Pan along the coastline so that you can see how your feature matches up with the image.

10-15
 Lesson 10

i When you find a place where you should adjust the feature, point to the vertex until you see the four-
sided arrow.

j Drag the vertex to another location, and then release the click to move the vertex.

You can also add vertices where you want to add a change of direction to a feature or refine its geometry.
You will set snapping to add vertices.

k From the Edit tab, click the Snapping down arrow and enable edge snapping (also verify that no other
snapping is enabled), as shown in the following graphic.

l Right-click anywhere along the dashed line and choose Add Vertex.

A vertex is added where you clicked, and you can adjust the vertex to change the feature's shape. You can
also delete vertices if you added one where it is unnecessary.

m Right-click any vertex and choose Delete Vertex.

You can modify the vertices of any editable line or polygon features to change their shape.

n From the editing toolbar at the bottom of your map, click the Finish button .

Step 2: Reshape a feature

You can also reshape the geometry of a selected feature by digitizing a line that represents the correct
shape through the selected feature. You will create an error to mimic a scenario where you would use the
Reshape tool.

a Zoom to the northernmost part of the island.

b In the Modify Features pane, click Edit Vertices.

c Move or delete vertices, and then click away from the selected feature to achieve the following
appearance in your map.

10-16
 Editing features and attributes

You can also use the editing toolbar that appears at the bottom of the display to modify
vertices and features.

d If necessary, from the Edit tab, in the Selection group, click Clear. In the

e Tools group, click Reshape.

If no feature is selected, many of the editing tools will enter selection mode when a
modification tool is chosen.

f Click the base polygon that you created.

Snapping should be turned on for the reshape operation to ensure that you are connected. Although
using snapping is not mandatory with the Reshape tool, it is best practice for accurate results.

g Click the Snapping tool down arrow and ensure that snapping is turned on and that edge snapping is
still active, as specified in the following graphic.

Your pointer will snap to the edges of existing features to ensure connectivity.

h In the map, point to the edge of the base polygon, as shown in the following graphic.

10-17
Lesson 10

A SnapTip appears that shows you what you are snapping to. The SnapTip displays the layer name and
then the snap agent (edge, end, vertex, and so on).

i Snap to the edge of the selected polygon at the location shown in the following graphic, and then click
to attach the sketch to it.

j Digitize the following sketch along the coastline of the island on the image.

k Snap to the selected polygon, and then double-click to reshape the feature.

10-18
 Editing features and attributes

You have successfully reshaped the boundary of a polygon by digitizing a line and using snapping.

l If necessary, from the Edit tab, click Clear.

m From the Edit tab, save your edits.

Step 3: Split a polygon

In this step, you will split a land-use polygon where the land use has changed. You will work in a different
area of the world, so you will add a map to the project for the land-use data.

a In the Catalog pane, expand the Austria folder and add and open the Austria map. From

b the Map tab, zoom to the Split/Merge bookmark.

10-19
Lesson 10

c In the Selection group, click Select, and then click the green polygon in the center of the map. From the

d Selection group, click Attributes.

This polygon represents farmland, but part of it will not be used as farmland anymore and will become part
of the bordering forest. First, you will split the farmland polygon, and then you will merge the two forest
polygons into one polygon.

e Zoom in to the western portion of the polygon.

f From the Edit tab, verify that snapping is on.

You want to snap to the vertices.

g Point to the snapping option shown in the following graphic.

This option will snap to the vertices of lines or polygons while you are digitizing.

h Click the vertex snapping option, and then disable any other snapping agents that may be active.

i From the Features group, click Modify.

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 Editing features and attributes

j In the Modify Features pane, in the Divide section, click Split.

k Snap your pointer to the location shown in the following graphic, and then click to add a vertex.

Move your pointer (which is now connected at one end) to the location shown in the following graphic,
l and then click again.

Right-click and choose Finish.

m

10-21
 Lesson 10

You have split the farmland polygon into two separate features, but you must still merge the smaller of the
two polygons into the surrounding forest.

n From the Edit tab, save your edits.

Step 4: Merge polygons

Next, you will merge two polygons into one.

a With the Select tool active, press Ctrl and select the large green polygon to clear its selection. Press

b Shift and click the large orange forest polygon to add it to the selection.

You should only have the large orange polygon and small green polygon selected.

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 Editing features and attributes

c At the top of the Modify Features pane, click the Back button to return to the list of tools. In the

d Construct section, click Merge.

e In the Modify Features pane, under Features To Merge, select 4631 (noticing that the feature flashes in
the map).

By selecting feature 4631, you are indicating that you want the attributes from this feature to
be preserved after the merge.

f At the bottom of the pane, click Merge. Clear

g the selection.

You have successfully merged two polygons into one. Merging is a good way to construct a single feature
from many features of the same type. Merging features reduces the number of records that you are
storing.

h From the Edit tab, save your edits.

i From the View tab, reset the ArcGIS Pro panes to the default mapping setting. Close the

j Editing and Austria maps.

k Save your project and leave ArcGIS Pro open.

10-23
 Lesson 10

Lesson review

1. Why might you have to edit features and attributes?

2. Discuss the importance of snapping, and describe common places on lines or polygons to
which you can snap.

3. Which modification tools could you use to update your existing data?

10-24
11 Spatial analysis

As you have seen throughout the course, ArcGIS Pro is a powerful mapping and visualization app for
your geographic data. One of the most robust capabilities of ArcGIS Pro is to perform spatial analysis
to answer questions and create new information. In this lesson, you will learn about types of spatial
analysis that you can perform in ArcGIS Pro, common analysis questions, and the ArcGIS Pro analysis
environment.

Topics covered

Types of spatial analysis Geoprocessing

tools and environments ArcGIS Pro analysis

environment

11-1
Lesson 11

Spatial analysis workflow

The analysis workflow provides a framework for you to plan, organize, execute, and share your spatial
analysis project. The analysis process may not always be linear. Sometimes, after the initial examination of
the analysis results, you may have more questions that require another smaller, more focused analysis
before you can answer the initial question.

Figure 11.1. The spatial analysis workflow contains standard steps that you can apply to any analysis.

11-2
 Spatial analysis

Spatial analysis workflow (continued)

Workflow step Description

1. Ask questions • Determine the questions that you are trying to answer.

2. Explore and • Choose data based on questions.

prepare data
• Review data, ensuring that you have the type of data and the
attributes needed to answer your questions.
• Collect additional data as necessary.

3. Analyze and • Break down the problem into smaller components to quantify your
model
questions.
• Use the tools and techniques of GIS to analyze data.

4. Interpret • Evaluate your analysis.

results
• Discover areas where you may need refinement.

5. Repeat or • Perform additional analysis to fully understand the problem.

modify

6. Present results • Show and discuss the results with stakeholders.

7. Make decisions • Use analysis to act and solve the initial problem.

11-3
Lesson 11

Types of analysis

Spatial analysis is the process of examining the locations, attributes, and relationships of features in spatial
data. ArcGIS Pro analysis tools can extract or create information from spatial data that you can use to
address a question or gain useful knowledge.

Spatial analysis can help you answer various questions about your data:

• What is nearby?
• What is closest?
• What is distant?
• What overlaps?
• How have things changed?
• What is the best route?

Within spatial analysis, you can perform several different types of analysis: proximity, overlay, statistical,
and temporal (time). In this course, you will focus on selections, proximity, and overlay.

Selecting features based on spatial relationships

As you have now learned, you can use features in one layer to select features in other layers. While you
used selection by location for other purposes, it is a simple yet powerful analysis tool to help you locate
specific features.

Figure 11.2. Analysis can be as simple as selecting features based on their relationships with other features. In this example, schools
in the flood zones are selected.

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 Spatial analysis

Types of analysis (continued)

Proximity analysis
Proximity analysis is a type of spatial analysis that determines which features are near other features.
Proximity analysis can also determine which features are closest to something, or how far away features are
from one another. Buffering is a common proximity analysis operation. Buffering a feature class creates a
zone around the features at a distance that you specify.

Figure 11.3. On the left are campgrounds and on the right are campgrounds and a 1-mile buffer around them. You could use
the buffer to extract other features within a mile of campgrounds for further analysis.

Extraction analysis
Extraction analysis involves using data from one layer to extract data from another layer and thus reduce
the number of features that you are processing. Clipping is a common extraction analysis operation. It
allows you to use a polygon to extract other features within it. For example, you may only want to analyze
schools that fall within a flood zone, so you could use the flood zone polygon as a cookie cutter and extract
only the schools that fall within it.

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Lesson 11

Types of analysis (continued)

Figure 11.4. Two polygons, A and B, are processed using the Clip extraction tool. The spatial result is the overlapping areas,
but only attributes from the input feature class (A) are preserved.

Overlay analysis
Overlay analysis involves multiple inputs that you combine to get a different result that is determined based
on input feature type and where features overlap. The attributes of the inputs are added to the output so
that you can use them for further analysis. For example, you may want to overlay schools and flood zones
using the Intersect tool to create a point feature class that contains only the schools in the flood zones.
Aside from the spatial result, Intersect also appends attributes from the inputs. When you view the
attributes for a school, you will also see flood zone attributes. Although the spatial results from clipping and
intersecting may appear identical, the main difference is that intersecting preserves attributes from all
inputs. Clipping only preserves attributes from the single input feature class.

When overlaying, polygons and lines are split based on their intersections with other features. You can
perform a preliminary step to create a temporary feature layer using the Make Feature Layer tool. Within
the Make Feature Layer tool, you can specify how to apportion attributes, such as by applying a ratio for the
output features.

Figure 11.5. Two polygons, A and B, are overlaid using the Intersect tool. The spatial result is that the overlapping areas and
attributes from both inputs are preserved.

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 Spatial analysis

Geoprocessing tools

Geoprocessing is a framework and set of tools for processing geographic data. You can use geoprocessing
tools to perform spatial analysis, manage data, or convert data from one data source to another. In ArcGIS
Pro, many actions are tool-based. For example, if you click Convert Labels To Annotation from the Map
tab, the tool opens in the Geoprocessing pane. You can access the same tool by searching for it in the
Geoprocessing pane. Many geoprocessing tools are organized in toolboxes based on their function.

Figure 11.6. Each toolbox is grouped by functionality, such as conversion, data management, and analysis.

• Conversion tools: Convert from one data format to another, such as from a shapefile to a
geodatabase.
• Data management tools: Perform various datacentric operations, such as adding fields,
calculating fields, projecting data, or packing data for sharing.
• Analysis tools: Extract features from a certain area, combine features and attributes, create zones
of a specified distance around features, and add online demographic attributes to enhance your
analysis.

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Lesson 11

Exploring the analysis environment

While you can access some analysis tools from other tabs, such as the Map tab, most spatial analysis in
ArcGIS Pro begins on the Analysis tab. The Analysis tab contains functionality to set geoprocessing
environments and search for tools through the Geoprocessing pane.

Analysis tab Geoprocessing pane

Set analysis environments Search for tools by name

Access Geoprocessing pane Search for tools by toolbox

Access Analysis Tools gallery Run geoprocessing tools

11-8
Exercise 11 20 minutes

Answer questions using analysis tools

Spatial analysis can be a complicated process where you are running many tools in succession and the
resulting layer is a byproduct of the entire process. In this exercise, you will follow several steps of the
spatial analysis workflow to explore and analyze data. You will use geoprocessing tools to generate outputs
that contain information that you can use to interpret the results, modify if needed, and make decisions.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Set analysis environments.

• Perform buffer, clip, intersect, and join operations.
• Summarize data.

11-9
 Lesson 11

Step 1: Import a map

First, you will import a map file and explore the study area near Mt. Rainier in Washington.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand the Washington folder, and then add and open
LaharAnalysis.mapx.

The map displays parcels and lahar zones around Mt. Rainier. Lahar zones depict areas of debris that flows
down the slopes of a volcano and typically enters a river valley. The LaharZones layer has three different
cases ranging in severity that you will analyze. There are also layers for power plants and power substations
for the state of Washington that are currently not displayed. You will use these layers to perform your
analysis.

c Use the Explore tool to zoom in and pan around the study area to explore the data.

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 Spatial analysis

d When you are finished, zoom to the extent of the Parcels layer.

Step 2: Set analysis environments

Before you perform analysis, you will set some commonly used analysis environments so that you have
better control of the outputs.

a From the Analysis tab, in the Geoprocessing group, click Environments. Notice that

b the Current Workspace environment is set to CourseProject.gdb.

The current workspace always defaults to the default geodatabase. In this case, the default geodatabase is
also the project geodatabase, but it does not have to be. All geoprocessing outputs will be stored here.

c Notice that the Scratch Workspace is also set to CourseProject.gdb.

d Point to the Scratch Workspace text, and then point to the information icon .

The scratch workspace is often used as a storage location for data that you may not keep or to keep a
backup. You will set the scratch workspace to a different geodatabase.

e For Scratch Workspace, click the Browse button .

f Browse to ..\EsriTraining\APEW\Washington, select MtRainier_Lahars.gdb, and click OK.

Next, you will ensure that all output datasets use the same coordinate system as the LaharAnalysis map.

g For Output Coordinate System, choose Current Map.

Next, you will specify a processing extent so that the geoprocessing tools know which features to process.

h For Extent, choose Parcels.

After you choose a layer to specify the extent, the bounding coordinates update.

i Click OK.

The Scratch Workspace is now configured and ready to store analysis results.

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 Lesson 11

Step 3: Buffer data

A common analysis operation is buffering features by a distance to create zones. You can then use the
zones in your analysis to locate features that fall within them. You have determined that you will focus your
analysis on the lahar zones and all areas within 1,000 feet of them. Next, you will buffer the lahar zones so
that you can use the zones to extract other data that falls within them.

a From the Analysis tab, in the Geoprocessing group, click Tools to open the Geoprocessing pane.

b Search for and open the Buffer tool, and then specify the following parameters:

• Input Features: LaharZones

• Output Feature Class: LaharBuffer_1000ft
• Distance [Value Or Field]: 1000 US Survey Feet

c Leave the remaining defaults and click Run.

The resulting layer displays 1,000-foot buffers around the lahar zones.

d In the Contents pane, turn the LaharBuffer_1000ft layer on and off to see the lahar zones and how the
layers differ.

e When you are finished, turn off the LaharZones layer, and ensure that the LaharBuffer_1000ft layer is
visible.

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 Spatial analysis

Step 4: Extract features from a layer

Another item of interest for a lava flow scenario is whether power plants will be affected. You will use
geoprocessing tools to locate all power plants and substations that fall within 1,000 feet of the lahar zones.

a In the Contents pane, turn on the SubstationsWA and PowerPlantsWA layers. Turn off

b the Parcels layer.

Your symbology may differ slightly from the graphics shown.

The layers contain power plants and substations for the state of Washington. You will use the Clip tool to
extract only the features from both layers that fall within the lahar buffer zones.

c At the top of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Back button .

d Search for and open the Clip tool, and then specify the following parameters:

• Input Features Or Dataset: SubstationsWA

• Clip Features: LaharBuffer_1000ft
• Output Feature Class: SubstationsWithin1000ft

e Click Run.

f In the Clip tool, specify the following parameters:

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Lesson 11

• Input Features: PowerPlantsWA

• Clip Features: LaharBuffer_1000ft
• Output Feature Class: PowerPlantsWithin1000ft

g Click Run.

h In the Contents pane, turn off SubstationsWA and PowerPlantsWA.

i Notice that only the features that fall within the lahar zone buffer are displayed. In the

j Contents pane, open the PowerPlantsWithin1000ft attribute table.

k Scroll through the attributes to see what is available.

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 Spatial analysis

l Notice there are no lahar zone attributes in the table.

When you use the Clip tool, only the attributes from the input features are preserved in the output. In this
case, you do not need the attributes from the lahar buffer, so you used Clip. You have extracted the power
plants and substations that fall within 1,000 feet of the lahar zone. In an emergency, officials will know
where power may be affected. Other tools preserve the attributes from all inputs.

m Close the attribute table.

n In the Contents pane, turn on SubstationsWA and LaharZones.

o Turn off PowerPlantsWithin1000ft, SubstationsWithin1000ft, and LaharBuffer_1000ft.

Step 5: Perform an intersect between two layers

You will find the geometric intersection between the lahar zones and the substations. This process will
create a layer that identifies substations that fall within each lahar hazard zone.

a In the Geoprocessing pane, click the Back button , and then search for and open the
Intersect tool.

b For Input Features, choose LaharZones.

After you add an input layer, a second drop-down list will become available. The Intersect tool
can accept multiple feature classes or layers. In this case, you will specify two.

c In the second Input Features field, choose SubstationsWA.

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 Lesson 11

d For Output Feature Class, replace the existing path with

LaharZones_SubstationsWA_Intersect.

e Leave all other defaults and click Run.

f In the Contents pane, turn off SubstationsWA.

The substations that intersect the lahar zones are extracted into their own layer.

Step 6: Explore results of the intersect

Next, you will view the attributes for the substations used in the intersect operation.

a From the Contents pane, open the attribute tables for SubstationsWithin1000ft and
LaharZones_SubstationsWA_Intersect.

b If necessary, expand the table views vertically to better see the attributes.

c Right-click the table tab for LaharZones_SubstationsWA_Intersect and choose New Vertical Tab Group.

d In the SubstationsWithin1000ft table, notice that the LaharZones fields are not present, but they are
present in the LaharZones_SubstationsWA_intersect attribute table as a Scenario field.

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 Spatial analysis

Only the attributes from the input feature class are copied to the output feature class with the Clip tool. The
attributes from all the inputs to the Intersect tool are copied to the output feature class.

e Close both attribute tables.

Step 7: Use a spatial join to add attributes to a data layer

You want to determine which lahar zone each substation is in. You can append the lahar zone attribute to
each substation using a spatial join. A spatial join combines attributes based on a spatial relationship. For
example, if a substation is within lahar zone Scenario Case 2, it will have that value appended to it. You will
append lahar zone scenarios to the substations.

a From the Analysis tab, in the Tools group, click Spatial Join, and then specify or confirm the following
parameters:

• Target Features: SubstationsWithin1000ft

• Join Features: LaharZones
• Output Feature Class: SubstationsWA_LaharZones_SpatialJoin
• Match Option: Intersect

The spatial relationships used when performing a spatial join are similar to the ones used when
selecting features by location.

b Leave the remaining defaults and click Run.

c In the Contents pane, open the SubstationsWA_LaharZones_SpatialJoin attribute table. Scroll

d through the table and find the SCENARIO field.

The SCENARIO field, which was added by the spatial join, contains the case numbers for lahar zones. The
value added is based on the spatial relationship between the substations and the lahar zones. The records
that have Null values represent substations that were extracted using the 1,000-foot buffer but are not
spatially related to the original lahar zones. If you wanted, you could now symbolize, query, or analyze the
substations based on the lahar zone case value.

e Leave the attribute table open.

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 Lesson 11

Step 8: Summarize data

Next, you will create summary statistics that will determine the substations that intersect the
original lahar zones. You will also calculate the sum of the megawatts for each scenario.

a In the SubstationsWA_LaharZones_SpatialJoin table, right-click the SCENARIO field header and choose
Summarize.

b In the Summary Statistics dialog box, name the Output Table Scenario_Statistics.

c Under Statistics Fields, for Field, choose Megawatts, and then set the Statistic Type to Sum, if
necessary.

d Click OK.

It is mandatory to complete the Statistics Fields section of the tool. This option will sum up all
the megawatt values for each scenario, including the null values.

e Close the attribute table.

f From the Contents pane, under Standalone Tables, right-click the Scenario_Statistics table and choose
Open.

The table contains the number of substations located within each scenario. The FREQUENCY field is the
default count field that the summarize tool produces. The SUM_Megawatts field includes the total
megawatts of all the substations within each scenario. The null results indicate substations that are not
within the lahar flows.

g Close the Scenario_Statistics table.

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 Spatial analysis

You have run several analysis tools to answer questions regarding the impact on electrical infrastructure of
a debris flow due to a volcanic eruption.

h Close the Geoprocessing pane and the map. Save the

i project, and then leave ArcGIS Pro open.

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 Lesson 11

Lesson review

1. Which type of spatial analysis would be used to locate schools within flood zones?

2. What do ArcGIS Pro analysis tools enable you to do?

3. How do the results of the Intersect and Clip tools differ?

11-20
12 Analysis using ModelBuilder

You can perform spatial analysis by running geoprocessing tools separately. However, if another user
wanted to see which tools that you used and in which order, you would not be able to fully share this
information without sharing the entire project and providing detailed explanations. In ArcGIS Pro, you
can automate your spatial analysis workflows in several ways. In this lesson, you will focus on
ModelBuilder. ModelBuilder allows you to create a visual analysis workflow that you can run, modify,
and share with others.

Topics covered

Ways to automate analysis in ArcGIS Pro

Benefits of using ModelBuilder

Building a model

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Lesson 12

Automating your analysis

ArcGIS Pro offers three methods for automating your analysis operations: ModelBuilder, Python scripts,
and tasks. All the analysis methods use environment settings to control tool outputs, and each tool that is
run is stored in the geoprocessing history. You can access the geoprocessing history and run the tools again
with the same parameters or change the parameters before rerunning the tools.

Figure 12.1. The spatial analysis workflow contains standard steps that you can apply to any analysis.

ModelBuilder
ModelBuilder provides a visual representation of your analysis workflows. You can add geoprocessing tools
to a model and chain them together to create an analysis workflow. You can run, modify, and share models
with other users. ModelBuilder is also available in ArcMap, and you can run most models built in ArcMap in
ArcGIS Pro without any need for conversion.

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 Analysis using ModelBuilder

Automating your analysis (continued)

Python
Python is the main scripting language in ArcGIS. You can use the ArcGIS Pro Python site package, called
ArcPy, to access all geoprocessing functionality programmatically to automate tasks. When you use ArcPy
to write ArcGIS applications and scripts, you benefit from being able to access and work with numerous
Python modules developed by programmers and other GIS professionals.

Tasks
A task is a set of preconfigured steps that guides you and others through a workflow or business process.
You can use a task to implement a best-practice workflow, improve the efficiency of a workflow, or create
a series of interactive tutorial steps.

ArcGIS Pro Help: What is ArcPy? ArcGIS

Pro Help: Analyze tools for Pro ArcGIS Pro
Help: What is a task?
ArcGIS Pro Help: What is ModelBuilder?

12-3
Lesson 12

Why use ModelBuilder?

Using ModelBuilder is one way to automate your analysis in ArcGIS Pro. ModelBuilder offers many benefits
as an analysis automation method in ArcGIS Pro:

• Visualize your analysis workflow as an easy-to-follow diagram.

• Chain multiple tools in succession.
• Modify parameters at any point and rerun.
• Set intermediate outputs as Intermediate Data to be deleted.
• Convert your model into a geoprocessing tool that you can share with other users so that they
can replicate your workflow with their own data.

Figure 12.2. Models provide a visual representation of your analysis workflow that you can modify and make into a geoprocessing
tool.

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 Analysis using ModelBuilder

Exploring model elements

Building a model involves adding tools and data to the model canvas and setting various tool
parameters. After you set the parameters for each tool, the model elements change color.

The following list contains the common model elements and how they are visually represented in the
model.

• Input data: Dark blue oval

• Variable: Light blue oval
• Tool: Yellow/orange square
• Output data: Green oval

Figure 12.3. When you add data and tools to a model and set parameters, the elements change color based on the element type.

12-5
Exercise 12 25 minutes

Automate an analysis workflow with ModelBuilder

You ran individual geoprocessing tools to answer questions about the economic impact for an area in the
event of a volcanic eruption. Next, you will automate a simplified version of the same analysis in
ModelBuilder.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Create a model.
• Add tools to a model.
• Run the model and view results.
• Prepare the model for sharing.

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 Analysis using ModelBuilder

Step 1: Create a model

You will first open a map file of the Mt. Rainier area that is similar to the one in the previous exercise.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand ModelBuilder, and then add and open the
LaharAnalysis_ModelBuilder map.

A map similar to the previous map that you worked with opens. This map contains the PowerPlantsWA and
LaharZones layers.

The first step to building an analysis workflow in ModelBuilder is to create an empty model.

c From the Analysis tab, in the Geoprocessing group, click ModelBuilder.

An empty model is added to the project.

d In the Catalog pane, expand Toolboxes and CourseProject.tbx.

The model is stored in the project's default toolbox.

e In the Catalog pane, right-click the model and choose Properties. For

f Name, type LaharModel.

g For Label, type Lahar Model.

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 Lesson 12

Model labels can include spaces, but names cannot.

h Click OK.

i On the ribbon, from the ModelBuilder tab, in the Model group, click Save. Next to

j the Save button, click Auto Save.

ArcGIS Pro will now automatically save your model as you build it.

Step 2: Add the Buffer tool to the model

You will modify the model to add the Buffer tool.

a From the ModelBuilder tab, in the Insert group, click the Tools down arrow.

b In the Find Tools field, type buffer, and double-click the Buffer tool to add it to the model. Click in the

c white space of the model, away from the selected elements, to clear the selection.

The Buffer tool and an output data element are added to the model. Next, you will set parameters.

d Double-click the Buffer tool to open it.

It is best practice to add data from your database rather than using feature layers from a map when
working with a model.

e For Input Features, browse to ..C:\EsriTraining\APEW\ModelBuilder\MtRainier_Lahars.gdb, select

the LaharZones feature class, and then click OK.

f For Output Feature Class, browse to ..C:\EsriTraining\APEW\ModelBuilder\ MtRainier_Lahars.gdb,

and in the Name field, type LaharZones_Buffer.

g Click Save.

h Set Distance [Value Or Field] to 1000 US Survey Feet. Click OK.

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 Analysis using ModelBuilder

The model elements are now in color, indicating that the tool is ready to run.

Step 3: Add the Intersect tool to the model

Next, you will add the Intersect tool and connect the output from the Buffer tool to it as an input.

a At the top of the Model view, click Show Toolbar.

ModelBuilder has a toolbar within each model view that you can expand or collapse. The toolbar provides
basic operations such as saving, running the model, and quick access to geoprocessing tools.

b On the model toolbar, click the Tools button to open the Geoprocessing pane. In the

c Geoprocessing pane, in the Find Tools search box, type Intersect.

d Click and drag the Intersect tool into the model below the Buffer tool.

e
In the Catalog pane, browse to the APEW folder connection and expand the ModelBuilder folder.

f Expand MtRainier_Lahars.gdb.

g Drag the PowerPlantsWA feature class into the model to the left of the Intersect tool.

Next, you will connect the LaharZones_Buffer output data element to the Intersect tool as an input.

h Click and hold the LaharZones_Buffer Output element, and then drag the arrow that appears to the
Intersect tool and release it.

i Choose Input Features.

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 Lesson 12

j Using the same process, connect the PowerPlantsWA element to the Intersect tool.

k Double-click the Intersect tool to open it.

LaharZones_Buffer is already set as an input because you connected it to the tool.

l For Output Feature Class, browse to ..C:\EsriTraining\APEW\ModelBuilder\ MtRainier_Lahars.gdb,

and in the Name field, type ZonesPlantsIntersect.

m Click Save.

n Accept the remaining defaults and click OK.

o From the ModelBuilder tab, in the View group, click Auto Layout.

Auto Layout arranges the elements on the model canvas into a workflow.

Step 4: Run the model

Next, you will run the model and view the results in the map.

a From the ModelBuilder tab, in the Run group, click Validate . From

b the model view toolbar, click the Run button .

c When the model is finished running, close the progress window.

d In the Catalog pane, browse to the APEW folder connection and expand the ModelBuilder folder, if
necessary.

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 Analysis using ModelBuilder

e If necessary, expand MtRainier_Lahars.gdb. Right-

f click the geodatabase and choose Refresh.

You have now created output feature classes using a model.

g View the LaharAnalysisModelBuilder map.

No layers were added to the map. You will modify the model to set parameters that will be added to your
map.

Step 5: Prepare the model for sharing

One benefit of using a model is the ability to share your analysis workflow with other users. Next, you will
prepare your model to share so that other users can apply the same tools to a similar analysis of their own.

a Return to the Lahar Model view tab.

b In the Catalog pane, under CourseProject.atbx, double-click Lahar Model to open the tool in the
Geoprocessing pane.

c Notice that the model does not have parameters because you have not set them yet.

Models are essentially tools that allow you to chain together tools in succession. By default, if you attempt
to run a model as a tool, there are no parameters, meaning that you cannot change the settings that are in
the model. For example, if you run the model as a tool now, it would run with the same settings that you
created earlier. If another user wants to apply your analysis to their own data, you must set model
parameters.

Potential model elements that you may want the user to be able to change in your model include the
following:

• Input lahar data for the Buffer tool

• Input PowerPlantsWA for the Intersect tool
• The output ZonesPlantsIntersect

d In the model, right-click the blue LaharZones data element and choose Parameter.

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Lesson 12

When you set a parameter, a P is placed next to the data element.

e In the same way, set the following elements as parameters:

• PowerPlantsWA (blue oval input)

• ZonesPlantsIntersect (green oval output)

If necessary, point to each element to see its full name.

Each model element that you set as a parameter should now have a P next to it.

f Return to the Catalog pane, and then double-click Lahar Model again.

The warning appears only because the default parameters match what you have
already created.

Now another user could set their own data for each of the operations.

You can also specify tool parameters that you want to give access to other users, such as the buffer
distance.

g In the model, right-click the Buffer tool, point to Create Variable, then point to From Parameter and
choose Distance [Value Or Field].

h From the ModelBuilder tab, click Auto Layout.

i Right-click the Distance variable element and choose Parameter.

j On the ModelBuilder tab, in the Model group, click Open Tool.

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 Analysis using ModelBuilder

When you run this model as a tool, you can input other data and set your own buffer distance and unit of
measure.

k At the bottom of the Geoprocessing pane, click Run. Close the

l Geoprocessing pane.

m View the LaharAnalysisModelBuilder map.

n Notice that the ZonesPlantsIntersect layer has been added to the map.

o Turn off the PowerPlantsWA layer to view the power plants within the buffered lahars. Close the

p model and the map.

q From the View tab, reset the panes to the default mapping setting. Save the

r project and leave ArcGIS Pro open.

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 Lesson 12

Lesson review

1. What are the three options for automating analysis in ArcGIS Pro?

2. Discuss the benefits of building a model for analysis instead of running single tools in
succession.

3. How do you set a model element as a parameter?

Esri Training course: Building Geoprocessing Models Using ArcGIS Pro

12-14
13 Map layouts

After you move data into your geodatabase, symbolize it, edit it, and perform analysis, you may want
to create a map that shows your results. ArcGIS Pro allows you to create presentation-quality maps
that you can print, export to PDF, share to ArcGIS Online, or copy and paste into another application.
You will build a map layout by arranging commonly used map elements on the layout page. The
knowledge and skills that you attain will help you create visually appealing maps that you can share
using several methods.

Topics covered

Map layouts Map

objectives

Creating a layout

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Lesson 13

What is a map layout?

A map layout allows you to communicate your map's message to an audience. Depending on the
objectives of your map, you will need to choose map elements that best help your target audience use
your map as you intended. For example, if you are designing a map that will help accurately measure
distances, you may want to include a scale bar so that your audience can understand distances in the map.
Or, if you are showing a dense urban area, you may want to include an inset map to show map readers
where the area of interest is located.

A map layout is composed of one or more maps and map elements. Map elements communicate the
message of your map to your audience and include these items:

• Title • North arrow

• Legend • Inset map
• Scale bar • Other graphics/text

Figure 13.1. This map layout shows results of the Mt. Rainier lahar analysis. Maps often contain a main map frame and then
supporting elements, such as a scale bar or legend. This map also contains a table frame.

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 Map layouts

Map objectives

When you create a map, you must consider many factors that contribute to the map design. Factors that
contribute to the map design are the audience, objectives or purpose, the data, and how the map will be
read. A successful design begins with the mapmaker knowing why the map is being made.

Mapmakers may ask themselves or other stakeholders specific questions that facilitate map design:

• What information is being mapped?

• Who will be reading the map?
• Is the map content coordinated with written text or graphics?
• What size and medium will be used to display the map?
• What are the time and budget constraints on map production?

The topic and intended audience will dictate many of the map's characteristics. The objectives or purpose
of the map will determine which parts of the map are most important. Which elements of the map do you
want people to notice first and remember after viewing the map?

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Lesson 13

Map objectives (continued)

Figure 13.2. These two layouts show the same vegetation map but are organized differently. The map on the left emphasizes
vegetation distributions for the entire country, whereas the map on the right emphasizes parks located in one forest type.

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 Map layouts

Explore a map layout

To effectively communicate the map's message, you should organize map elements in a way that is easy for
your map readers to interpret. In this activity, you will analyze a map and identify several design issues that
can compromise the interpretation of the map's intended message.

Figure 13.3. This map layout has all the appropriate map elements, but how could it be improved?

Instructions
a Analyze the map and answer the following questions in your workbook.

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 Lesson 13

Explore a map layout (continued)

1. Is the title sufficient for this map?

2. Would you keep the portrait page orientation or change it to landscape and why?

3. Should the inset map change in any way and, if so, how?

4. Is the scale bar sufficient for this map?

5. Is the north arrow sufficient for this map?

6. How could you improve the legend?

See the appendix for an example of the refined map.

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 Map layouts

Creating a map layout

As you have learned, there are many map elements that you can add to support your data. You add specific
map elements based on the purpose of the map, the map objectives, and how the map will be used. The
first step to creating a presentation-quality map is to add an empty layout to your project. After you add
the layout, you can then determine which map frames and supporting elements that you want to add.

Figure 13.4. This layout shows a map frame of Yosemite National Park data and several supporting elements. The map
elements are well balanced on the page to create a visually appealing layout.

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Exercise 13 35 minutes

Create a map layout for analysis results

You have performed analysis to find parcels in the lahar zones near Mt. Rainier. Next, you would like to
create a layout that highlights the results of your analysis.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Create a layout.
• Add map elements to the layout page.

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 Map layouts

Step 1: Open a map file

You will open a map file that contains some of the results from the lahar analysis.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project.

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand Washington and add and open Analysis Results.mapx.

You would like to create a layout that shows the parcels in the lahar zones.

c In the Contents pane, review the Parcels In Lahar Zones layer.

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 Lesson 13

The parcels in the lahar zones are symbolized based on their value per square foot.

Step 2: Create a layout

Next, you will create a layout so that you can add map elements to it.

a From the Insert tab, in the Project group, click New Layout. Under

b ANSI - Landscape, choose Letter 8.5'' x 11''.

When you select a page size and orientation, an empty layout page is added to the project. The rulers on
the layout page display the page size that you selected. The layout page acts as a blank canvas for you to
add and arrange map elements.

c From the Contents pane, rename the layout to Mt. Rainier Lahar Analysis.

Step 3: Add a map frame

Now that you have a layout page, you will design the layout and begin adding map elements to it. The first
element usually added to a layout page is the map frame, which contains the layers. Other map elements
are typically placed based on the location and size of the map frame on the layout page. Layout properties
aid your design by using rulers, guides, and printer margins to help you arrange items on the page
effectively. You will begin by placing guides on the layout page to aid you in aligning your map elements.

a On the left side of the layout page, right-click at 8.25 inches on the ruler and choose Add Guide.

b Repeat the previous step to add the following guides to the layout pane:

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 Map layouts

• Top ruler, left: 0.25 inch

• Top ruler, middle: 3.75 inches and 4 inches
• Top ruler, right: 10.75 inches
• Left ruler, middle: 4 inches
• Left ruler, bottom: 0.25 inch

Margin placement will depend on the page size, printer margins, and design of your map. Next, you will

add the map to your layout page by using the added guides.

The maps for the whole course up to this point are shown in the Maps folder in the Catalog
pane. Any maps in your project can participate in your layout.

c From the Insert tab, in the Map Frames group, click the Map Frame down arrow and find the Analysis
Results group.

The scale listed may differ from what you see.

d Choose the layout that has a scale listed below it.

After you select a map frame, your pointer becomes a crosshairs when you place it over the layout area. You
must specify where you want the map frame to go on the page by drawing a box in the layout area.

e Begin by right-clicking where the 8.25-inch and 4-inch guides intersect, and then draw a box to the
right to the 10.75-inch mark and drag downward until you reach the 0.25-inch guide.

Your map should look similar to the following graphic.

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Lesson 13

Elements in a layout can snap to guides, if snapping is enabled. When you create, move, or resize an
element it will snap to the guide once the pointer is close enough.

f In the Contents pane, right-click Map Frame and choose Activate.

By activating the map, you can modify the scale while still in layout view.

g In the bottom-left corner below the layout, update the scale to 1:550,000. Activate the

h Explore tool, if necessary.

i In the map frame, pan the map so that your view is similar to the following graphic.

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 Map layouts

j Above the horizontal ruler, locate the link to return to the layout.

k Click Layout.

l In the Contents pane, update the map frame name to Main Map.

Hint: Click the name Map Frame to select it, and then click it again to make the text editable.

Now that the layout is editable again, you will add supporting map elements to your layout.

Step 4: Add a north arrow

Next, you will add a north arrow to your layout. North arrows are usually added to layouts to orient map
users.

a From the Insert tab, in the Map Surrounds group, click the North Arrow down arrow and choose ArcGIS
North 3.

b Zoom in to the lower-left corner of the map frame, draw a box to add the north arrow, and then resize
as needed.

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 Lesson 13

c Right-click the layout and choose Zoom To Page.

Step 5: Add a scale bar

Next, you will add a scale bar to provide a distance reference in your layout.

a From the Insert tab, click the Scale Bar down arrow and, under Imperial, choose Alternating Scale Bar 1.

b At the bottom of the map frame, to the right of the north arrow, draw a rectangular-shaped box to
place the scale bar.

c On the ribbon, click the Design tab.

d In the Divisions group, type 2 for Divisions and 5 for Subdivisions. Resize the

e scale bar so that it shows 10 miles.

You have added a main map frame, a north arrow, and a scale bar to the layout.

Step 6: Add an inset map

You would like to highlight the main urban area in the map using a separate map frame. Next, you will add
an inset map, supporting map elements, and an extent indicator.

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 Map layouts

a From the Insert tab, click Map Frame and in the Analysis Results group, choose Urban Area.

b Drag a box in the lower-left corner of the layout page, snapping to the 4-inch grid, to add a smaller
version of the map frame.

c Activate the smaller map frame (Map Frame in the Contents pane), and change the map scale to
1:250,000.

Hint: Update the scale in the bottom-left corner below the layout.

d In the map frame, pan the map so that your view is similar to the following graphic.

e Return to the layout by clicking the Layout link above the horizontal ruler.

Your map should look similar to the following graphic.

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Lesson 13

f Zoom in to the inset map frame.

g Add the same style of north arrow and the Single Division Scale Bar.

Ensure that the inset map is selected so that the north arrow and scale bar are related to the
frame.

h Resize the scale bar so that it shows 5 miles.

i Right click the layout and select Zoom to Page. In

j the layout, select the main map frame.

k From the Insert tab, in the Map Frames group, click Extent Indicator and choose the available map
frame.

A box appears over the extent of the inset in the main map. You will explore the different box symbol
options and update the current symbol.

l In the Contents pane, ensure that Extent Of Map Frame is selected, and then click the Map Frame tab.

m In the Symbol group, expand the symbol gallery to access the list of styles, and then choose Dashed
Black Outline (1pt).

n In the Contents pane, right-click Extent Of Map Frame and choose Show/Hide Leader.

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 Map layouts

o Save the project.

Step 7: Add a map title

Next, you will add a title.

a From the Insert tab, in the Graphics And Text group, click the Straight Text tool, as specified in the
following graphic.

b Click the upper-left area of the layout page to add the text element.

You can also drag a box to indicate where to place the text, which will also make the text larger.

c In the Element pane, replace the word Text with Value of Affected Parcels.

You can also perform in-line text editing by double-clicking inside the text box to make your
update.

d To see the updated text, click in the layout area.

e Click the text box to resize and move the box centered over the inset map and aligned with

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 Lesson 13

the top of the Main Map.

If your text does not resize when you enlarge the text box, you will update the font size and
other attributes next.

f Click the text box to activate it again, if necessary.

g In the Element pane, click the Text Symbol tab and expand Appearance.

h Update Font Name to Times New Roman, Font Style to Bold, and Size to 24, and then click Apply.

i Add another text element below the title, and then set its properties using the following information:

• Text: Mt. Rainier Lahar Analysis

• Font Name: Times New Roman
• Font Style: Bold
• Size: 18

j Click Apply.

k Reposition the subtitle so that it aligns well with the title.

Alignment lines will appear when the two text boxes are aligned.

Step 8: Add a legend

Legends help map readers interpret the various symbols and features in your layout. Next, you will add a
legend.

a From the Insert tab, in the Map Surrounds group, click the top half of the Legend button (not

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 Map layouts

the down arrow).

b In the main map frame, draw a box above the other elements that you added to place the legend.

c Resize and arrange the legend within the main map frame to resemble the following graphic.

You may need to adjust the extent and zoom so that the legend does not fall on top of features.
To do so, you can activate the map frame from the Contents pane, and then pan and zoom.

The items in the legend reflect how layers are named and how each class is labeled in the Contents pane. It
is good practice to modify cryptic layer names and add meaningful labels before you add the legend. You
can also modify the layer names and labels after adding a legend.

Step 9: Add a table frame

You will now add the summary table to show the total value of affected parcels in each scenario and
county. You will add that table to the layout as a map element to provide more information for map
readers.

a From the Insert tab, in the Map Surrounds group, click the top half of the Table Frame button. Draw a

b box somewhere in the white space to initially place the table on your layout page.

An empty table frame is added to the layout. You will properly arrange the table element after you add a
data source for the table.

c In the Contents pane, right-click Table Frame and choose Properties.

d In the Element pane, under Source, click the Table down arrow to view the options.

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Lesson 13

All layer tables in the map frame are available.

e Choose ParcelsStatistics.

After you set the source for the table, the ParcelsStatistics table appears within the table frame.

f Close the Element pane.

g Modify the size and position of the table frame and place it above the inset map.

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 Map layouts

h In the Contents pane, click the lock icon next to each map element so that you cannot accidentally
move them from their current positions.

You created a layout that is part of your ArcGIS Pro project. Currently, the layout resides only in the
project. You can create an unlimited number of layouts within each project in ArcGIS Pro.
Later, you will learn ways to share your layouts and other project items.

i Save the project and leave ArcGIS Pro open.

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 Lesson 13

Lesson review

1. What are some important map elements that should be included in a layout?

2. What are some considerations that might dictate the design of your map?

13-22
 Answers to Lesson 13 questions

Explore a map layout (page 13-5)

1. Is the title sufficient for this map?
The title could work but could also be enhanced by reformatting it and rewording it.

2. Would you keep the portrait page orientation or change it to landscape and why?
You should change the page orientation to landscape to match the orientation of the
data.

3. Should the inset map change in any way and, if so, how?
The inset map is too large and should be smaller.

4. Is the scale bar sufficient for this map?

No. The units should be miles and not feet.

5. Is the north arrow sufficient for this map?

No. It is too big and is too much of a focus of the map.

6. How could you improve the legend?

The legend does not have a title, the layer names and labels in the legend are still named
with underscores, there are too many decimal places and classes, and the values are not
shown as percentages.

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14 Sharing with ArcGIS Pro

Accessing and sharing GIS data on the internet has grown in popularity, and its functionality has
increased as well. ArcGIS Pro is designed with the cloud in mind to make it easier for you to both share
and access shared content directly from ArcGIS Pro. Before ArcGIS Pro, you were unable to author web
maps and other online content in your desktop GIS software application. You can now package your
data in various ways to include only the components that you want to share. In this lesson, you will
share various package types to ArcGIS Online and then access shared content.

Topics covered

ArcGIS Pro sharing methods

Sharing roles and permissions

14-1
Lesson 14

Sharing methods

In ArcGIS Pro, you can share your layers, maps, data, layouts, and projects as various package types or as a
web layer or web map. Users can access your shared content directly through ArcGIS Pro or the ArcGIS
Online website. Sharing packages is designed for sharing between ArcGIS Pro users, whereas sharing web
layers and web maps is used for sharing to a broader audience. You can also share your product as a soft or
hard copy by exporting the map or layout and printing or sending a file.

Figure 14.1. You can share various packages and web content using ArcGIS Pro.

Sharing options
If you want to share parts of your projects or the entire project itself, you can share your work in the form
of a package. Packages are files that can include layer properties, maps, and a copy of data sources used by
the various maps and layers. You can share layer packages, map packages, or project packages, which
bundle specific elements that you want to share. Packages created in ArcGIS Pro 3.1 can be opened and
used in ArcGIS Pro 2.0 and above. This is a good option if you

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 Sharing with ArcGIS Pro

Sharing methods (continued)

need to share your work with people who have not upgraded to ArcGIS Pro 3.1. You can also author web
content within ArcGIS Pro.

Shared item Description

Layer A file that contains the layer properties and the dataset referenced by the layer.
package

Layer A file that contains layer properties. Other users can add it to their maps and must
file have access to the referenced data for it to display properly.

Map package A file that contains the layer properties for each layer in the map and a copy of the
datasets referenced by all layers.

Map file A map that exists outside your project as a file. Users who access a map file must
have access to the data referenced by all layers in the map.

Project A file that contains the layer properties, maps, a copy of the referenced data,
package models, toolboxes, geodatabases, and all other associated project elements.

Project A file that helps you create new projects. Project templates can contain standard
template project elements, such as folder connections, database connections, or standard
layouts.

14-3
Lesson 14

Sharing methods (continued)

Shared item Description

Web An interactive display of geographic information that supports vector querying,

layer visualization, and editing. Web layers are appropriate for visualizing data on top of a
basemap and can be used as inputs for analysis and in sync- based workflows.

Web An interactive display of geographic information that you can use to tell stories and
map answer questions. In ArcGIS Pro, you can author a map and share it as a web map.
You can open web maps in ArcGIS Pro and standard web browsers.

Export A file of a map or layout that you share with others. There are six vector export
formats: AIX, EMF, EPS, PDF, SVG, and SVGZ. There are six raster export formats:
BMP, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, TGA, and GIF. Each format has different properties that can
be set.

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 Sharing with ArcGIS Pro

Sharing roles and permissions

When you share content using ArcGIS Online, you determine the audience that you share with so that you
can control who can see your content. You may not want the public to see it and may only want to share it
within your organization, or with specific groups in the organization. For example, you may have
information that you want to share with the field collection group, so you share it to that group so only
they can access it.

Figure 14.2. The levels of sharing in ArcGIS Online enable you to collaborate with people who are internal or external to the
organization.

Owner
Owner (also referred to as private) content is only visible to the content owner and the administrator or
administrators of the organizational site. Owner sharing is the default option in ArcGIS Pro.

Group
A group is a collection of items in ArcGIS Online that is related to a specific area of interest or job role. You
can use groups to organize your online content and control access to that content. As a group owner, you
have control over items shared to the group, and you can invite others to join.

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Lesson 14

Sharing roles and permissions (continued)

Content shared to a group is visible to the members of that group. Groups may be organized based on job
duties, such as fieldworkers or data analysts. You can have group membership without being a member of
an organization.

Organization
Any member of the organizational site can access content shared to the organization.

Public
Content shared with the public is visible to anyone.

Sharing packages and web maps and layers

When you share a package, a copy of the data that each individual layer references is included in the
package. Users get their own copy of the data, which they can edit as needed. When you are sharing web
layers, the data is stored on the server, and you can grant certain permissions to people who access the
web layer. For example, you can decide to make the layer read-only, or you can give your audience the
ability to edit the data. You can determine the permissions on web layers as you are sharing them.

ArcGIS Online Help: Share items

14-6
Exercise 14 20 minutes

Share analysis results

You have completed your analysis and would like to share the results with others. ArcGIS Pro offers various
methods for sharing specific components of your project, such as a layer or map, and all project
components. You will share various types of packages, and you will also create a web map that others can
access through ArcGIS Online from within ArcGIS Pro or other apps.

In this exercise, you will perform the following tasks:

• Share your work using various methods.

• Access shared content.

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 Lesson 14

Step 1: Export a layout

In the previous exercise, you created a layout using several map elements. You will now prepare this layout
as a PDF file that you can share with your customers.

a If necessary, restore ArcGIS Pro and the course project. On

b the ribbon, click the Share tab.

On the Share tab, you have options to save the project in different ways or to create an output.

c On the Share tab, in the Output group, click Export Layout. In the

d Export pane, for Name, click the Browse button.

e In the Export Layout dialog box, for Name, type LaharAnalysis. Click

f Save.

g Leave the remaining default options and click Export.

After the export is complete, you will navigate to the stored location to view the PDF. Open

h File Explorer and navigate to ..\EsriTraining\APEW.

i Double-click LaharAnalysis.pdf.

If a warning appears, open the file with Adobe Acrobat Reader DC.

j When you are done, close the PDF file and File Explorer.

You now have a printable and shareable document that you can send to your customers and other users.

Step 2: Share a map file

You have used map files in most of the exercises in this course, and you will now share one of your own.
Map files are a great way to share all the components of a map, including the layer properties, with other
users.

a Return to ArcGIS Pro.

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 Sharing with ArcGIS Pro

The instructions in this box are only necessary if you did not create the project file in the first
exercise. If you created the project file, you can skip this step. If you are unsure, ask your
instructor for assistance.

1. If you did not create the course project, browse to C:\EsriTraining\APEW\

Results\Exercise01 and open CourseProject.aprx.

b View the Analysis Results map.

You will share this map as a map file so that others can add it to their projects and work with it.

c From the Share tab, in the Save As group, click Map File.

d Browse to ..\EsriTraining\APEW\Washington, name the map file MtRainierAnalysis_<your

initials>, and then click Save.

e In the Catalog pane, from the APEW folder, expand the Washington folder, and then add and open
your MtRainierAnalysis map file.

The map file displays in ArcGIS Pro. Map files do not store data, so the user who accesses your shared map
files must have access to the files in a similar folder structure or there will be missing data links in the map.
You can always fix the broken layers by setting the data source for each layer. If you want to share the data
referenced by each layer in a map, you must share the map as a map package.

Step 3: Share a layer package

There may be times when you want to share items from your project, such as a layer, and also want to
include the data source. Next, you will share the properties and data for a single layer using a layer
package.

a In the Contents pane, select the Parcels In Lahar Zones layer. From

b the Share tab, in the Package group, click Layer.

You can upload the package to ArcGIS Online or save it as a file locally.

c In the Package Layers pane, accept the default to Upload Package To Online Account.

When you share online content, you should provide certain metadata regarding your content.

d For Name, add an underscore and your initials to the end of the default package name.

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Lesson 14

e For Summary, type Affected parcels.

f For Tags, type Mt. Rainier, lahar and press the Tab key.

g Under Share With, click the Groups down arrow and select the class group as indicated by your
instructor.

It is good practice to analyze your content to verify that you have all the necessary metadata
elements before you share.

h Click Analyze.

No errors or warnings are found, so you are ready to share the layer package. If errors were present, you
would have to resolve them before you could share.

i Click Package.

j When the layer package is successfully created, return to the Catalog pane.

k At the top of the Catalog pane, click the Portal tab, and then click the My Groups button . On the

l right, above the search field, click Groups, and then double-click your class group.

You may see many Parcels In Lahar Zones layer packages from your classmates.

m Right-click one of the layer packages, point to Add To New, and choose Map. Turn off the

n basemaps.

The layer is added to the map. Layer packages include all layer properties, such as symbology,

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 Sharing with ArcGIS Pro

and the data source.

o In the Contents pane, open the Parcels In Lahar Zones layer properties and click the Source tab.

By default, packages and related data are stored in your user profile, which in this case is C:\
Users\student\Documents\ArcGIS\Packages. If you want to store this information in a different location,
you can specify it when you share the item.

p Close the Layer Properties dialog box.

Step 4: Share a map package

You have packaged one layer to share information. You can also package the contents of an entire map and
share that. Next, you will share a map package to ArcGIS Online and access it.

a View the original Analysis Results map.

b From the Share tab, in the Package group, click Map.

c In the Package Map pane, for Name, append your initials to Analysis Results.

d Provide a summary and tags, and then ensure that it will be shared with your class group. Click

e Package.

It may take a few minutes for the package to finish.

f In the Catalog pane, ensure that you are still on the Portal tab and that My Groups is the active view.

g In the top-right corner of the Catalog pane, click the Menu button and choose Refresh.

You should see many Analysis Results map packages. If you do not, click Refresh again. It may take a
moment for the new items to load.

h Right-click another student's map package and choose Add And Open.

All the contents of the Analysis Results map are included in the map package. As with layer packages, a
local copy of the data source for each layer in the map package is stored in the C:\
Users\student\Documents\ArcGIS\Packages location. You can access the data sources from this location if
you want to add them to other geodatabases.

i Close all maps except the original Analysis Results map.

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 Lesson 14

Step 5: Share a web map

So far, you have shared files and packages, some locally and some to ArcGIS Online. Adding a layer or map
package to your project results in a local copy of the data sources being added to your computer, even if
you shared the package to ArcGIS Online. You may want the data hosted online rather than on a local
computer so others can access your work from any device, including mobile devices in the field. Next, you
will share your map as a web map.

a From the Share tab, in the Share As group, click Web Map.

b In the Share As Web Map pane, for Name, replace the current name with
MtRainierWebMap_<your initials>.

c Provide a summary of the map and a couple of tags, and then ensure that it will be shared with your
class group.

d Click Analyze.

You should receive three errors, and you may also receive a warning. You must address the errors, but in
this case, you can leave any warnings, which will not affect anything in the map. The first error states that a
service layer has a different coordinate system than the map. The second error states that the Shape_Area
field cannot be used for symbology. The final error message says that unique numeric IDs are not assigned.
You will explore these issues to see what is happening.

e In the Contents pane, open the Analysis Results map properties. Click

f the Coordinate Systems tab.

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 Sharing with ArcGIS Pro

The map is in StatePlane, while the basemap layers are in Web Mercator, resulting in the error. All layers in
the map must be in the same coordinate system to share as a web map. The common standard for web-
based mapping is the Web Mercator coordinate system, so you will set the coordinate system of the map
to Web Mercator.

g Under Layers, select WGS 1984 Web Mercator (Auxiliary Sphere) to set the map to this coordinate
system.

h Click OK.

Next, you will examine and correct the symbology layer.

i In the Contents pane, right-click the Parcels In Lahar Zones layer and choose Symbology to open the
Symbology pane.

The Normalization field is set to Shape_Area. Cartographers use normalization to ensure that the patterns
shown in the map are a function of the data itself and not another underlying factor such as size or
population. Unfortunately, you cannot publish layers symbolized with a normalization, resulting in the
error.

j Click the Normalization down arrow, scroll to the top of the list, and choose <None>. Close the

k Symbology pane.

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Lesson 14

You have now removed the normalization and addressed the second error. Finally, you will address the third
error.

l Open the Analysis Results map properties. If

m necessary, click the General tab.

n Check the box next to Allow Assignment Of Unique Numeric IDs For Sharing Web Layers. Click OK.

This
o action will correct the third error in the list, as ArcGIS Online requires unique numeric IDs for web
layers. Because you are sharing a web map with the associated web layers, this error must be corrected
before you can successfully publish to ArcGIS Online.

p In the Share As Web Map pane, click Analyze.

The errors are now gone.

q Click Share.

It may take several minutes to share. If this process takes more than five minutes, please alert
your instructor.

r When the web map is successfully shared, in the Catalog pane, refresh the Portal view.

Hint: Top-right corner of the Catalog pane > Menu button > Refresh Right-click

s another student's MtRainier web map and choose Add And Open.

The map appears to be the same as the map packages that you opened, but the data sources are online
instead of local.

t In the Contents pane, open the Parcels In Lahar Zones properties and view the Source tab.

The data source is now a URL, not a folder path, as the data is hosted online.

u Close the Layer Properties dialog box.

v Exit ArcGIS Pro and choose Yes to save the project.

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 Sharing with ArcGIS Pro

Lesson review

1. What are some methods for sharing in ArcGIS Pro?

2. What does a map package include when you share it with other users?

3. What are some differences between a map package and a web map?

Esri Training course: Sharing Maps and Layers with ArcGIS Pro

14-15
Appendix A 20 minutes

Esri data license agreement

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. ("ESRI"), IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE ENCLOSED
ELECTRONIC VERSION OF THE TRAINING MATERIALS TO THE STUDENT ("YOU") ONLY UPON THE
CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL TERMS AND CONDITIONS CONTAINED IN THIS ESRI DATA LICENSE
AGREEMENT ("AGREEMENT"). PLEASE READ THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY. BY CLICKING, "I
ACCEPT", YOU ARE INDICATING YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THE ESRI DATA LICENSE AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO
NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS AS STATED, ESRI IS UNWILLING TO LICENSE THE TRAINING
MATERIALS TO YOU.

Training Materials Reservation of Ownership. This Agreement gives You certain limited rights to use
electronic and tangible versions of the digital or printed content required to complete a course, which may
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Appendix A 20 minutes

Esri data license agreement (continued)

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Appendix A 20 minutes

Esri data license agreement (continued)

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Appendix B 20 minutes

Refined map example

Figure B.1. Example of a refined map.

B-1
 Appendix C 20 minutes

Answers to lesson review questions

Answers to lesson 1 review questions

1. What are some items that are stored in ArcGIS Pro projects?
Maps, layouts, geodatabase connections, styles, toolbox, and models can be stored in an
ArcGIS Pro project.

2. What are several key interface elements of ArcGIS Pro?

ArcGIS Pro interface elements include the tab and ribbon structure, context-sensitive
tabs, panes, the Explore tool, and selection tools.

Esri Training course: Getting Started with ArcGIS Pro

Answers to lesson 2 review questions

1. What are the three main data storage models?
The three main data models are vector, raster, and tabular. Examples of each are feature
classes and shapefiles, satellite imagery, and CSV files, respectively.

2. What are the three spatial data properties that can affect your work and why?
Some key data properties are metadata, spatial reference, and attributes. Metadata
provides useful information about data, such as where it came from and use restrictions.
Spatial reference is important because it locates features to the correct part of the world
in ArcGIS Pro. Attributes provide meaningful information that describes features, such as
a name or description.

3. What are some ways to get data into a geodatabase?

You can import data from other sources, copy and paste between geodatabases, and
import many datasets at one time using batch mode.

Esri Training course: Integrating Data in ArcGIS Pro

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 Appendix C 20 minutes

Answers to lesson review questions (continued)

Answers to lesson 3 review questions

1. Why might you need to perform a datum transformation?
You might have to perform a datum transformation if you have data that has a different
GCS from your organization's standards so that the source data is physically altered,
rather than transformed on the fly.

2. Why is it important to project source data rather than use on-the-fly projection in ArcGIS Pro? It is
important to project the source data because then the actual data is stored in the correct
PCS. When the data is stored in the correct PCS, you can trust analytical results and be
more confident in edits that involve creating or modifying spatial features.

3. Your organization has a standard spatial reference that uses UTM Zone 17N as the PCS and NAD 1983 as
the GCS. What should you do with all incoming data to ensure data integrity while editing or performing
spatial analysis?

c. Reproject the data and transform the datum to match organizational spatial reference
standards.

Answers to lesson 4 review questions

1. What are some reasons to modify feature symbology?
The default symbology in ArcGIS Pro allows you to display features quickly; however, it
does not highlight a particular attribute or relationship or communicate a story about
your data. To effectively communicate the story that you would like to tell with your data,
it is best to symbolize it based on specific attributes and apply the most appropriate
classification and color scheme.

2. Why does changing the classification method change the way that the data displays?
Each classification method has a different formula for dividing data values into classes.

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 Appendix C 20 minutes

Answers to lesson review questions (continued)

3. Which classification method highlights where there are higher data values?

b. Natural breaks (Jenks)

Esri Training course: Symbolizing Map Layers

Answers to lesson 5 review questions

1. Describe the two types of selection queries and how they are used.
Attribute queries select features based on attribute values from the layer's table. Spatial
queries select features based on spatial relationships with other features. You can use
both query types to narrow the number of features or to find features that meet specific
attribute or spatial criteria. Both query types are often used in spatial analysis to locate
specific features and answer questions about your data.

2. What methods are available for controlling feature visibility in ArcGIS Pro?
There are three main ways to control feature visibility in ArcGIS Pro:

• Creating a definition query: Determines which features are drawn on the map using an
attribute query
• Setting a visible scale range for a layer: Controls the visibility of all features in the layer
based on map scale
• Using scale-based symbol classes: Controls the visibility of each symbol class in a layer
separately

3. What are some reasons for controlling which features display in your map?
Some reasons for controlling which features display in the map include creating a less-
cluttered display, improving drawing speed, only showing features that meet a specific
criterion, and enhancing map readability and interaction by drawing only certain layers at
scales that best suit them.

Esri Training course: Querying Data Using ArcGIS Pro

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 Appendix C 20 minutes

Answers to lesson review questions (continued)

Answers to lesson 6 review questions

1. Describe three defining characteristics of labels in ArcGIS Pro.

1. Labels are a property of each individual layer and are managed as a group, not
individually.
2. Labels display dynamically as you pan around and zoom in and out of the map.
3. You can modify label appearance and display scale.

2. Why would you create label classes?

You would create them if you wanted to apply different labeling properties to groups of
features within the same layer.

3. What are two advantages of converting labels to a geodatabase annotation feature class?

1. Annotation features are spatially indexed like other feature classes. Therefore, they
behave similarly to other layers in a map and can be added to any map or project.
2. You can edit or modify annotation features independently. Unlike labels that must be
manipulated collectively, annotations give you more flexibility in appearance and
location.

Esri Training course: Labeling Map Features

Answers to lesson 7 review questions

1. What determines when you would use a global scene or a local scene?
Global scenes are used when you have large-extent, real-world-located content or when
the curvature of the earth is an important element in your visualization and analysis. Local
scenes are used for data with smaller extents when the curvature of the earth is
unnecessary for the analysis.

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 Appendix C 20 minutes

Answers to lesson review questions (continued)

2. Describe the default ground elevation source and why you might want to use your own ground source.
The default ground elevation source uses a streamed image service from ArcGIS Online to
represent the ground at a world scale. If you want a more detailed ground source that is
specific to your area of interest, you can add another ground source, such as a DEM.

Answers to lesson 8 review questions

1. What must a table's records contain to be displayed as features in an ArcGIS Pro map?
Real-world locations represented as coordinates or addresses must be present.

2. How do you get a table containing x,y coordinates into a feature class of points?
In the Contents pane, right-click a table and choose Display XY Data to open the XY Table
To Point tool in the Display XY Data dialog box. Set the appropriate parameters and click
OK.

3. Why is knowing the exact coordinate system important when using the XY Table To Point tool? If you
do not apply the same coordinate system used to create the x,y coordinates in the table,
the new features will likely be in incorrect locations on the map.

Esri Training course: Mapping Addresses and Places

Answers to lesson 9 review questions

1. Why might you need to associate tables?
You might have information stored in other tables that you want to use for querying or
symbology.

2. Name several uses for joined fields.

Some uses may include labeling, symbology, querying, and analysis.

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 Appendix C 20 minutes

Answers to lesson review questions (continued)

3. How can you make a join permanent?

Export the features to a new feature class.

Answers to lesson 10 review questions

1. Why might you have to edit features and attributes?
You might have to edit features and attributes to keep your GIS data updated with the
changing world.

2. Discuss the importance of snapping, and describe common places on lines or polygons to which
you can snap.
Snapping is important so that your features are connected and no errors are created
during editing. While there are many snap agents, some commonly used ones are vertex,
edge, and end.

3. Which modification tools could you use to update your existing data?
The Edit Vertices, Reshape, Split, and Merge tools could all be used to update an existing
feature.

Answers to lesson 11 review questions

1. Which type of spatial analysis would be used to locate schools within flood zones?
Overlay analysis

2. What do ArcGIS Pro analysis tools enable you to do?

Extract or create new information from data

3. How do the results of the Intersect and Clip tools differ?

Clip and intersect actions both extract features that overlap. However, clipping does not
combine attributes while intersecting does.

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 Appendix C 20 minutes

Answers to lesson review questions (continued)

Answers to lesson 12 review questions

1. What are the three options for automating analysis in ArcGIS Pro?
You can automate your analysis using ModelBuilder, Python, or tasks.

2. Discuss the benefits of building a model for analysis instead of running single tools in
succession.
Models provide a visual representation of your analysis that you can rerun using the same
or different parameters. You can also set model parameters and run the model as a tool,
and then easily add different data inputs of other tool variables.

3. How do you set a model element as a parameter?

Right-click each element that you would like to make a model parameter and choose
Parameter, and then save the model.

Esri Training course: Building Geoprocessing Models Using ArcGIS Pro

Answers to lesson 13 review questions

1. What are some important map elements that should be included in a layout?
All layouts are different based on the objectives and the audience, but each map should
have a main map frame, title, scale bar, north arrow, legend, and possibly information
about the data sources or the author.

2. What are some considerations that might dictate the design of your map?
Some considerations include the objectives that you intend to fulfill with the map
(purpose of the map), the audience, how your map readers will use the map, and the data
portrayed in the map.

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 Appendix C 20 minutes

Answers to lesson review questions (continued)

Answers to lesson 14 review questions

1. What are some methods for sharing in ArcGIS Pro?
Map and layer files; layer, map, and project packages; web layers; and web maps can all
be used for sharing in ArcGIS Pro.

2. What does a map package include when you share it with other users?
If you share a map package with another user and they add it to ArcGIS Pro, they get a
map with all the layers with any properties, such as symbology, already set. A local copy
of the data sources for each layer is also included.

3. What are some differences between a map package and a web map?
Map packages are files that store layers, display properties, and include a local copy of
the data source for each layer. You can add a map package to ArcGIS Pro to view and
interact with it. Web maps are a collection of layers stored on an online server that you
can access from ArcGIS Pro, a web browser, or a mobile device.

Esri Training course: Sharing Maps and Layers with ArcGIS Pro

C-8
Appendix D 20 minutes

Additional resources

Lesson 1 Resources

Lesson review
• Esri Training course: Getting Started with ArcGIS Pro

Lesson 2 Resources

Lesson review
• Esri Training course: Integrating Data in ArcGIS Pro

Lesson 3 Resources

Geographic transformations
• ArcGIS Blog: Transformation warning: What does it mean and what
should I do?

Lesson 4 Resources

Lesson review
• Esri Training course: Symbolizing Map Layers

Lesson 5 Resources

Lesson review
• Esri Training course: Querying Data Using ArcGIS Pro

D-1
Appendix D 20 minutes

Additional resources (continued)

Lesson 6 Resources

Lesson review
• Esri Training course: Labeling Map Features

Lesson 8 Resources

Lesson review
• Esri Training course: Mapping Addresses and Places

Lesson 12 Resources

Automating your analysis

• ArcGIS Pro Help: What is ArcPy?
• ArcGIS Pro Help: Analyze tools for Pro
• ArcGIS Pro Help: What is a task?
• ArcGIS Pro Help: What is ModelBuilder?

Lesson review
• Esri Training course: Building Geoprocessing Models Using ArcGIS Pro

Lesson 14 Resources

Sharing roles and permissions

• ArcGIS Online Help: Share items

Lesson review
• Esri Training course: Sharing Maps and Layers with ArcGIS Pro

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