Shiraz City History and its

Personalities

By: Emaan Bukhari, Alizey Asif, Aiman

Khursheed, Aliya Fatima, Rubab Hasan
To: Miss Atiya Haider
11/24/2024
Table of Contents:
Topic Page No.

Shiraz History and Culture 2-4

Shiraz Attractions 5-12

Muhammad Hafiz Shirazi 12-15

Abu Talib Mirza 16-18

Sheikh Saadi Sherazi 18-21

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 Shīrāz, city, capital of Fārs ostān (province),
southwestern Iran. It is located in central Fārs in the
southern part of the Zagros Mountains, on an
agricultural lowland at an elevation of 4,875 feet (1,486
metres). Famous for its wine, it is both a historic site
and an attractive modern city, with gardens, shrines,
and mosques. Shīrāz is the birthplace of the Persian poets Saʿdī and Ḥāfeẓ, whose garden
tombs, both resplendently renovated, lie on the northern outskirts. Despite calamitous floods
(1630, 1668), pestilences, famines, and earthquakes (chiefly 1824, 1853), much of the city has
survived.
Shīrāz was important during the Seleucid(312–175 BCE), Parthian (247 BCE–224 CE), and
Sasanian (c. 224–651 CE) periods. In the early 13th century the Mongols built the New Mosque
and the fortress Bāgh-e Takht. In 1387 and again in 1393, Timur (Tamerlane), the Turkic
conqueror, occupied Shīrāz, which—with its Congregational Mosque (894), Shāh Cherāgh
shrine (1344–49), and Great Library (later the Madrasseh, or theological school; 1615)—had
become a Muslim centre rivaling Baghdad. In 1724 the city was sacked by Afghan invaders.
Shīrāz became capital of the Zand dynasty (1750–94), whose founder, the vakīl (regent) Karīm
Khān Zand, adorned the old city with many fine buildings, including his mausoleum (an
octagonal tiled kiosk, now a museum); the Ark, or citadel (now a prison); and the Vakīl Bazaar
and Mosque. Buildings in the new city include the Persian Church of St. Simon the Zealot and
the university (1945).
Iran: Qashqāʾī womenCloth being woven by Qashqāʾī women in the area of Shīrāz, Iran.

The city, a trading and road centre for the central Zagros Mountains, is linked to Bushire, its port
on the Persian Gulf. It has cement, sugar, and fertilizer factories and textile mills. Traditional inlay
work flourishes, as does weaving in the surrounding region.

The culture of Shiraz concerns the arts, music, museums, festivals, many
Persian entertainments and sports activities in Shiraz, the capital of Fars
Province. Shiraz is known as the city of poets, gardens, wine, nightingalesand
flowers. The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid mosaic work of triangular design;
silver-ware; carpet-weaving, and the making of the rugs called gilim (Shiraz
Kilim), and blankets called Jajim found in the villages and among the
[3]
tribes.According to some sources, Shiraz is the heartland of Persian culture.

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The Shiraz Festival of Arts (Persian: ‫ )جشنواره هنر شيراز‬was an annual

international summer arts festival, held in Iran bringing about the

encounter between the East and the West. It was held from 1967 to

1977 in the city of Shirazand Persepolis in central Iran by the initiative

of Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi.

Shiraz Festival of Arts

The garden is an important part of Iranian culture. There are many old gardens
in Shiraz such as the Eram garden and the Afif abad garden. According to some
people, Shiraz "disputes with Xeres (or Jerez) in Spain the honour of being the

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 [4]
birthplace of sherry." Shirazi wine originates from the city; however, under the
[5]
current Islamic regime, alcohol is prohibited except for religious minorities.

Shiraz is proud of being mother land of Hafiz Shirazi, Shiraz is a center for
Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Saadi, a 12th- and
13th-century poet was born in Shiraz. He left his native town at a young age for
Baghdad to study Arabic literature and Islamic sciences at Al-Nizamiyya of
Baghdad. When he reappeared in his native Shiraz he was an elderly man.
Shiraz, under Atabak Abubakr Sa'd ibn Zangy (1231–1260) was enjoying an
era of relative tranquility. Saadi was not only welcomed to the city but he was
highly respected by the ruler and enumerated among the greats of the province.
He seems to have spent the rest of his life in Shiraz. Hafiz, another famous poet
and mystic was also born in Shiraz. A number of scientists also originate from
Shiraz. Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, a 13th-century astronomer, mathematician,
physician, physicist and scientist was from Shiraz.

With its lovely atmosphere and historical and cultural attractions like the nostalgic Vakil Bazaar,
the Pink Mosque and many lush gardens, Shiraz is one of the most charming cities of Iran. Apart
from its attractions, what makes this city more amazing are the mild heavenly weather especially
during spring and early autumn, and the hospitality of its locals. Because of its location, Shiraz has
always been a hub for people traveling or migrating from other regions like Bushehr, and
Khuzestan and even Bakhtiari and Qashqai nomads, therefore in Shiraz you’ll witness a diversity
in the culture and society, which has led to the rich food culture and diverse cuisines of Shiraz.

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Complete List of the Best Museums in Shiraz.

Plan Your Visit to Shiraz's Finest Cultural Hubs

Best Museums in Shiraz (Celebrities Museum) Best Museums in Shiraz

Shiraz, a city with a rich history spanning thousands of years, is one of the most popular tourist
destinations in Iran. The numerous museums in Shiraz showcase the city’s ancient heritage,
serving as symbols of Iranian history, culture, and civilization. In this article by SURFIRAN, we
provide a detailed list of Shiraz’s museums along with their descriptions. Continue reading to
explore these cultural treasure.

Persepolis Museum

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Persepolis, Shiraz, Iran

Persepolis is one of the most famous museums in Shiraz. The building is located within the 2,500-
year-old Persepolis complex in the Marvdasht region. The construction was ordered by Xerxes I
and completed during the reign of Artaxerxes I. Formerly known as the Queen’s Palace, it is now
recognized as the oldest restored building in the country. The Persepolis Museum features a large
hall, two galleries, and a veranda. Visitors can admire stone and metal statues, Elamite clay tablets,
inscriptions from Xerxes’ harem, gold and silver jewelry, ancient musical instruments, pottery,
metal sculptures, stone pillars, spears, and more.

Pars Museum

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Pars Museum, Shiraz

The Pars Museum is another captivating destination in Shiraz. The building, dating back to the
Zand dynasty, also houses the tomb of Karim Khan Zand in its western royal section. Located in
the Nazar Garden of Shiraz, this museum has been operational since 1936. It contains invaluable
artifacts from various historical periods, including paintings by Lotf Ali Khan Suratgar, Karim Khan
Zand’s sword, a collection of precious handwritten Qurans, decorative enamel works, inscriptions,
and bronze items from Lorestan.

Afif-Abad Military Museum

Afif-Abad Military Museum, Shiraz

Afif-Abad Military Museum, Shiraz

As the name suggests, the Afif-Abad Military Museum is located in the Afif-Abad Garden and
showcases an extensive collection of weapons and military equipment. The two-story building has
an arms museum on the first floor and a historical museum on the second.

Visitors can view various cold and firearms, hunting rifles, muzzleloaders, pistols, machine
guns, automatic and semi-automatic weapons, swords, armor, spears, helmets, shields,
and more, from the Safavid era to the present day. Noteworthy items include personal
rifles belonging to Fath-Ali Shah, Naser al-Din Shah, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah, Reza Shah,
and Mohammad Reza Shah.

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Vakil Bathhouse Museum

The Vakil Bathhouse Museum was built by Karim Khan during the Zand dynasty and is
considered a masterpiece of Iranian architecture. The museum houses 30 wax statues
that depict the bathing customs, culture, and attire of the people from that era, making it a
popular attraction for tourists.

● Address: Lotf Ali Khan Zand Street, Taleghani Street

● Operating Hours: 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM.
●

Narenjestan Ghavam Museum

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The Narenjestan Ghavam Museum is a large mansion with stunning architecture, making
it a major tourist attraction in Shiraz. The building dates back to the Qajar era and was
constructed by Mohammad Ali Khan and Mohammad Reza Khan. The museum’s intricate
mirror work, stucco, brickwork, woodwork, and traditional paintings are sure to captivate
visitors. Be sure to explore the section featuring ancient artifacts discovered over the
centuries.

House of Music – Manteghi Nejad Museum

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The Manteghi Nejad House of Music Museum is a specialized museum dedicated to music
enthusiasts. Also known as the Museum of Sounds and Melodies, it is housed in the
beautiful Manteghi Nejad House, dating back to the Qajar era. Visitors can explore the
listening room, viewing room, audio-visual archive, world music section, teaching area,
and a gallery of musical instruments from various regions of Iran. The museum’s audio
archive contains 2,000 hours of music that visitors can listen to in equipped cabins.

Daryaye Noor Stone and Gem Museum

The Daryaye Noor Stone and Gem Museum in Shiraz is the second of its kind in Iran, after
the one in Tehran. Established in 2011, the museum is located on the ground floor of the
Eram Garden in Shiraz. The museum displays 140 types of precious and rare stones. The
galleries feature various handcrafted stone items such as jewelry, earrings, rings,
necklaces, and bracelets, which are sure to captivate visitors. The museum also offers
demonstrations on how stones are carved.

Homa 5-Star Hotel

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Homa Hotel stands as one of Shiraz’s finest accommodations, set against a scenic
backdrop of lush green gardens. This eight-story establishment welcomes guests with 212
rooms and 22 suites, each offering a serene view of the vibrant flower garden and the
majestic mountains beyond. It presents a golden opportunity to experience the captivating
city of Shiraz in a peaceful and warm environment.

Guests are invited to dine in the hotel’s multiple restaurants, where an array of Iranian and
international dishes are crafted to perfection. Beyond dining, the Homa Hotel’s amenities
further include private parking, a conference room, complimentary wireless internet
throughout the hotel, self-service breakfast, a free safe deposit box at the reception and
in rooms, and round-the-clock reception and settlement services.

The Distance Between the Hotel and the Important Tourist and Service Centers of Shiraz

● Distance to Shah Cheragh Mausoleum: 10 minutes by car

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 ● Distance to Hafez Tomb: 9 minutes by car
● Distance to Jahannama Garden: 6 minutes by car
● Distance to Hamam Vakil: 7 minutes by car
● Distance to Aftab Mall: 17 minutes by car
● Distance to the Railway Station: 27 minutes by car
● Distance to the Bus Terminal: 6 minutes by car
● Distance to Shiraz Airport: 23 minutes by car
● Address: Meshkinfam St., next to Azadi Park, Shiraz.

Khwaja Shams-od-Din Muḥammad Ḥafeẓ-e -

Shirazi:

 Introduction:

Hafez of Shiraz (also given as Hafez1310-1390) is

considered the greatest of the Persian poets and among
the most famous and admired writers in world
literature. He is among the most often translated poets
in the present day and his work continues to resonate
with modern audiences.

His full name is Khwaja Shams-od-Din Muhammed

Hafez-e Shiraz, but he was known as Hafez because he
memorized the Quran at an early age and would later
memorize the works of other Persian poets such as
Sanai, Attar, Rumi, Saadi, and Nizami, all of whom
would influence his own work.

 Early Life (1325-1340 CE):

1. Birth and Family: Hafez was born in 1325 CE in Shiraz, Persia (modern-day
Iran). His family was of Arab descent and belonged to the Shiah branch of
Islam.

2. Father's Influence: Hafez's father, Baha-ud-Din, was a coal merchant and a

devout Muslim. He played a significant role in Hafez's early education and
spiritual development.

3. Childhood and Youth: Hafez spent his childhood and youth in Shiraz,
studying and learning from prominent scholars and poets of his time.

 Education (1340-1350 CE):

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1. Traditional Islamic Education: Hafez received a traditional Islamic
education, studying the Quran, Hadith, and Islamic jurisprudence.

2. Arabic and Persian Literature: He studied Arabic and Persian literature,

including the works of famous poets like Rumi, Attar, and Saadi.

3. Philosophy and Theology: Hafez was exposed to philosophical and

theological discussions, which later influenced his poetic themes and ideas.

4. Madrasa Education: Hafez attended a madrasa (Islamic seminary) in Shiraz,

where he studied advanced Islamic sciences, including theology, jurisprudence,
and philosophy.

 Mentorship and Influences:

1. Shah Nimatullah Wali: Hafez was mentored by the famous Sufi poet, Shah
Nimatullah Wali, who had a profound impact on his spiritual and literary
development.

2. Sufi Mysticism: Hafez was deeply influenced by Sufi mysticism, which

emphasized the pursuit of spiritual love, self-awareness, and inner
transformation.

Hafez Shirazi's early life and education laid the foundation for his future success
as a poet, spiritual teacher, and cultural icon.

 Achievements:

His achievements and impact on literature, spirituality, and culture are

immense: -

 Literary Achievements:

1.Divan-e Shams: Hafez's most famous work, a collection of 500 ghazals (odes)
exploring themes of love, spirituality, and social issues.

2.Influence on Persian Literature: Hafez's unique style, language, and themes

have influenced Persian literature for centuries, shaping the works of numerous
poets and writers.

3.Universal Appeal: Hafez's poetry has been translated into many languages,
resonating with readers worldwide, regardless of cultural or linguistic
backgrounds.

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  Spiritual and Philosophical Contributions:

1.Hafez's poetry: Hafez’s poetry embodies the principles of Sufi mysticism,

emphasizing the pursuit of spiritual love, self-awareness, and inner
transformation.

2.Critique of Social Norms: Hafez's works often critiqued the social norms and
hypocrisies of his time, advocating for a more authentic and compassionate way
of living.

3. Interfaith Dialogue: Hafez's poetry promotes tolerance, understanding, and

unity among people of different faiths and backgrounds.

 Cultural Impact:

1.Persian Cultural Icon: Hafez is revered as a cultural icon in Iran and other
Persian-speaking countries, symbolizing the rich literary and spiritual heritage of
the region.

2.Inspiration for Art and Music: Hafez's poetry has inspired countless artists,
musicians, and composers throughout history, including famous Persian
musicians like Mohammad Reza Shajarian.

3.Timeless Relevance: Despite being written over 600 years ago, Hafez's poetry
remains remarkably relevant, addressing universal human concerns and
experiences that transcend time and culture.

 Legacy:

1.Enduring Popularity: Hafez's poetry continues to be widely read, studied,

and admired, both in Iran and globally.

2.Influence on World Literature: Hafez's works have influenced literature and

poetry in many languages, including Arabic, Turkish, Urdu, and English.

3.Symbol of Persian Identity: Hafez is a powerful symbol of Persian identity,

culture, and heritage

Hafez Shirazi's achievements have left an indelible mark on literature,

spirituality, and culture, ensuring his legacy continues to inspire and influence
people around the world., representing the country's rich literary and spiritual
traditions.

 Tomb of Hafez Shirazi:

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The Tomb of Hafez Shirazi, also known as the Hafezieh, is a beautiful and
historic site located in Musalla Gardens in Shiraz, Iran. It's a place of pilgrimage
for literature lovers, spiritual seekers, and those interested in Persian culture.

 Location and Architecture: The tomb is situated in a peaceful garden,

surrounded by cypress trees and a small pond. The complex includes:

1. The Tomb: A simple, yet elegant stone structure adorned with intricate
carvings and calligraphy.

2. The Shrine: A beautiful, ornate building with a stunning tilework facade.

3. The Garden: A serene and picturesque garden with walking paths, fountains,
and plenty of seating areas.

4. The Museum: A small museum showcasing Hafez's life, works, and legacy.

 History and Significance:

The tomb was built during the Timurid dynasty (1370-1507 CE) and has
undergone several renovations and restorations over the centuries. It's a
significant cultural and historical site, attracting visitors from around the world.

 Visiting the Tomb:

Visitors can:

1. Pay respects to Hafez at the tomb.

2. Explore the shrine, garden, and museum.

3. Attend cultural events, such as poetry readings and musical performances.

4. Enjoy the peaceful atmosphere and beautiful architecture.

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Abu Talib Mirza:
Abu Talib Mirza from Shiraz is a revered figure in the region,
known for his remarkable contributions to the fields of
science, philosophy, and literature. Born in the 16th century in
Shiraz, Iran, Mirza was a true polymath, whose works had a
profound impact on the intellectual landscape of his time.

Early Life and Education:

Abu Talib Mirza was born into a family of scholars and

intellectuals. His early education took place in the prestigious
schools of Shiraz, where he studied Islamic theology,
philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy. He showed
exceptional talent and curiosity, which led him to pursue
further studies in the renowned centers of learning in
Samarkand and Baghdad.

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Contributions and Achievements:
Mirza's contributions span multiple fields:

1. Astronomy: He made significant observations and

calculations, refining the understanding of celestial bodies and
their movements.
2. Mathematics: Mirza developed innovative solutions to
complex mathematical problems, influencing the development
of algebra and geometry.
3. Philosophy: He wrote extensively on metaphysics, ethics,
and logic, engaging with the ideas of prominent philosophers
like Avicenna and Averroes.
4. Literature: Mirza was a skilled poet and writer,
composing works in Persian and Arabic that showcased his
mastery of language and style.

Legacy:

Abu Talib Mirza's legacy extends far beyond his impressive

body of work. He played a crucial role in:

1. Revitalizing the intellectual traditions of Shiraz

2. Bridging the gap between Islamic and Greek philosophies
3. Inspiring future generations of scholars and thinkers

In conclusion, Abu Talib Mirza from Shiraz was a towering

figure in the history of science, philosophy, and literature. His
groundbreaking contributions continue to influence

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contemporary thought, making him a beloved and respected
figure in the annals of intellectual history.
Sheikh Saadi Sherazi

Early Life and Education

Sheikh Saadi Shirazi, born as Abu-Muhammad Muslih al-Din bin Abdullah Shirazi around
1210 CE, hailed from the historic city of Shiraz in present-day Iran. His family is believed to
have been of noble descent with a strong inclination toward religious and scholarly pursuits.
After losing his father at a young age, Saadi faced financial hardships, which fueled his
determination to seek knowledge and wisdom.

Saadi pursued his education in Baghdad, the intellectual hub of the Islamic world during his
time. He studied at the prestigious Nizamiyyah School, known for producing scholars in
theology, Islamic jurisprudence, philosophy, and literature. Here, he gained a strong foundation
in Islamic studies, Arabic literature, Sufism, and ethics.

Travels and Adventures

After completing his studies, Saadi embarked on extensive travels spanning nearly three
decades (1226–1256). These journeys profoundly shaped his worldview and literary style. He
traveled across the Islamic world and beyond, including:

 Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent: Saadi observed diverse cultures,
religions, and traditions.
 Arabian Peninsula: He performed the pilgrimage to Mecca and interacted with
scholars and ascetics.
 Anatolia and Syria: During his time in these regions, he witnessed the Mongol
invasions and their devastation.
 North Africa and Egypt: Saadi explored the rich cultural and intellectual heritage of
the Mediterranean.
 Rumored Captivity: In one of his travels, he was allegedly captured by Crusaders and
forced into manual labor. Later, a wealthy merchant is said to have ransomed him,
further influencing his reflections on human dignity and the futility of greed.

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Through his journeys, Saadi gained insights into human nature, social dynamics, and
governance. These experiences served as the foundation for his timeless works.

Literary Career

Upon returning to Shiraz in his later years, Saadi dedicated himself to writing. His works
combined his life experiences, scholarly knowledge, and spiritual wisdom. Saadi’s style was
unique in its blend of poetry and prose, simplicity, and depth.

1. Gulistan (The Rose Garden) – 1258 CE:

o Content: A prose work interspersed with poetry, it is structured into eight
chapters dealing with themes like kingship, morality, humility, and love.
o Style: Saadi employed anecdotes, wit, and wisdom to convey profound lessons
in an accessible manner.
o Famous Passages:
 “If you lack patience in small matters, you will bring ruin to great
undertakings.”
 “The best of men is he who is most beneficial to others.”
2. Bustan (The Orchard) – 1257 CE:
o Content: A collection of didactic poems emphasizing virtues such as justice,
generosity, and love for humanity.
o Themes: Ethical governance, piety, and spiritual growth.
o Legacy: This work reflects Saadi's deep spirituality and moral philosophy.

Philosophy and Teachings

Saadi's works convey a universal message of compassion, tolerance, and justice. Key aspects
of his philosophy include:

 Humanitarianism: He believed in the unity of mankind and the inherent dignity of

every individual. This sentiment is encapsulated in his famous poem:

"Human beings are members of a whole,

In creation of one essence and soul.

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 If one member is afflicted with pain,
Other members uneasy will remain."

 Practical Wisdom: Saadi emphasized pragmatism and balance in life. He avoided

extreme asceticism and instead advocated moderation and practical ethics.
 Justice and Leadership: In Gulistan, he provides advice to rulers, stressing the
importance of fairness, kindness, and accountability.
 Spirituality: A Sufi at heart, Saadi sought to bridge the material and spiritual worlds,
emphasizing love for God and service to humanity.

Legacy

1. Cultural Impact:
o Saadi’s works have been studied and revered in Persian-speaking regions and
beyond for centuries.
o His quotes and proverbs are deeply embedded in Persian culture and daily life.
2. Influence on Literature:
o Saadi inspired later Persian poets, including Hafez and Rumi, as well as Western
thinkers like Goethe and Emerson.
o His works were translated into many languages during the 18th and 19th
centuries, making him one of the most famous Persian poets worldwide.
3. Modern Relevance:
o Saadi's call for unity and empathy resonates in contemporary times. His poem
inscribed at the United Nations underscores the timeless relevance of his
philosophy.

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4. Tomb of Saadi:
o Saadi passed away in Shiraz around 1292 CE. His mausoleum, known as
Saadieh, is a popular pilgrimage site, reflecting his enduring spiritual and
cultural significance.

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