Lecture -2

University Wits Kx/ Kviv?

Famous Plays of Marlowe:
The University wits refer to a group of young dramatists 1. Doctor Faustus (W±i d÷vm&) [Tragedy]
and pamphleteers (ÿz`ª cyw¯ÍKv iPwqZv) who achieved → Theme: Thirst of Power
popularity by writing and performing many famous
→Full Title: The Tragical History of the Life
dramas in London towards the end of the 16th century.
and Death of Doctor Faustus
They were called university wits because they were the
2. The Jew of Malta
witty and highly educated students of Oxford and
3. Tambeurlaine the Great
Cambridge University.
4. Edward (II): GwU GKwU historical play
weL¨vZ University Wits n‡jb (cÖvq 7 Rb): 5. The Massacre of Paris (1593)
i. Christopher Marlowe: (1564-1593) 6. Dido, Queen of Carthage (1586; gv‡j©vi cÖ_g ‡cÖg bvUK)
ii. Thomas Kyd: (1558-1594)
iii. Thomas Nashe: (1567-1601) Poems :
iv. Thomas Lodge: (1553-1606) i. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
v. John Lyly: (1553-1606) ii. Hero and Leander
vi. George Peele (cxj): (1556-1596) iii. Amores
vii. Robert Greene:: (1558-1592)
Note: The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Ges
Note: ―Hero and Leander‖ Zvi Ab¨Zg lyric
→ Christopher Marlowe was the leader of university (MxwZKweZv)। gv‡j©vi g…Zz¨i ci RR© P¨vcg¨vb Hero and
wit. Leander KweZvwU mgvß K‡ib|
→ Thomas Kyd is not believed to have studied at those
universities but he is also sometime included in this 1. Doctor Faustus [Tragedy]:
group. i. GwU‡K Morality play-I ejv nq|
ii. Faustus †K Renaissance Héro ejv nq|
iii. He sold his soul to Lucifer in exchange of
Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593): getting absolute power for 24 years.
Rb¥¯’vb: Canterbury of England. → Necromancy means -practice of magic or black
arts. (যাদুবিদযা)
i. Christopher Marlowe was a famous Elizabethan
playwright. [35th BCS]. Characters:
ii. He is called ―The Father of English Tragedy”  Doctor John Faustus : a well-respected German
(mv_©K RbK) scholar
iii. wZwb Shakespeare-Gi c~‡e© England-Gi †kÖô bvU¨Kvi  Wagner : Faustus‘ servant
wQ‡jb| †k·wcqvi gv‡jv©i †jLv‡jwL †_‡K we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ  Valdes and Cornelius: two German experts in
n‡qwQ‡jb| [He was Shakespeare's magic
predecessor/contemporary.]  Mephistopheles : Devil, Lucifer‘s helper
iv. He introduced writing Blank verse in drama.  Lucifer: Devil
wZwb bvU‡K Blank verse (AwgÎvÿi Q›`) cÖeZ©b K‡ib|  Helen of Troy:
(evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ AwgÎvÿi Q‡›`i cÖeZ©K gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë)

v. wZwb 29 eQi eq‡m QzwoKvNv‡Z gviv hvb|

English (11-12) Page  10

Quotations from Doctor Faustus:
Summary of The Passionate Shepherd to His Love' :
i. "Sweet Helen‘ make me immortal with a kiss,
Christopher Marlowe's 'The Passionate Shepherd to His
Her lips suck forth my soul ! see where it flies.
Love' features a shepherd asking his beloved to come to
" [ 40th BCS] live with him, either as his wife or lover.
ii. "Was this the face that launch'd a thousand
ships, And burnt the topless towers of Ilium? Thomas Kyd (1557-1594)
"- told by Faustus [41st BCS]
i. A famous university wit.
iii. " When all the world dissolves, And every creature
shall be purified, All places shall be hell that are ii. Thomas Kyd wrote ‗The Revenge Tragedy‘ for the
first time in English Literature. So, he is called
not heaven. "
―Father of English Revenge Tragedy‖.
iv. "O, I'll leap up to my God! Who pulls me
down? See, see where Christ's blood streams iii. Famous play : The Spanish Tragedy (Revenge
Tragedy). [38th BCS]
in the firmament!"?
v. "One drop would save my soul, half a drop: Note : g‡b Kiv nq Shakespeare Zvui ‗Hamlet‘ bvUKwU
ah, my Christ!— Ah, rend not my heart for ―The Spanish Tragedy‖ c‡o wj‡L‡Qb| ‗The
Spanish Tragedy‘ is considered a typical
naming of my Christ! " Shakespearean ‗Bloody Drama.‘

2. The Jew of Malta : Famous Works:

i. G bvUK c‡o Shakespeare Zvui The Merchant of i. The Spanish Tragedy.
ii. Cornelia
Venice wj‡L‡Qb e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| iii. Padre de Familia
ii. bMi KZ…©c‡ÿi weiæ‡× GK gvëv wbevmx Bû`xi ee©‡ivwPZ
cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Yi Kvwnbx wb‡q G bvUKwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| Bûw`wUi The Spanish Tragedy:
bvg Barabas| Character:
 Don Andrea: a Spanish nobleman killed by
Characters: Portuguese prince Balthazar
 Barabas : Maltese Jewish merchant  Bel-Imperia: Heroine
 Ferneze: governor  Horatio: Andrea's good friend & son of Hieronimo
 Abigail: Barabas‘s daughter / the Knight Marshal of Spain.
 Lodowick: Ferneze‘s son  Hieronimo: a civil servant
 Matthias: Lodowicks‘ friend  Lorenzo: the son of the Duke of Castile and
 Ithamore : Barabas‘s slave who also hates brother of Bel-Imperia
Christians.
 Bellamira : prostitute / Ithamore‘s girlfriend Thomas Nashe (1567-1601)
3. Tambeurlaine the Great: Literary Works:
→ The play is about the life of the Asian emperor Timur. i. The Unfortunate Traveller
Quotations from Tambeurlaine the Great: ii. The Anatomy of Absurdities
i. "Accursed be he that first invented war. "
John Lyly (1553-1606)
Other Quotations of Marloe:
i. "Come live with me and be my love, Literary Works:
And we will all the pleasures prove. " [Passionate (i) Euphues
Shepherd to his Love]
(ii) King Midas
ii. " Honour is purchas‘d by the deeds we do. " [Hero (iii) Campaspe
and Leander] (iv) Sapho and Pha

English (11-12) Page  11

 v. He used aphorism (expressing a truth in the
Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit: fewest possible words) in his writing. It's like a
Euphues is a prose romance by John Lyly of which the proverb.
first part, Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit, was published
in 1578, and the second, Euphues and his England, in
1580. His well-known works :
Character: 1. Of Truth (1625)
Euphues: a young Athenian 2. Of Death (1612, enlarged 1625)
Philautus: an Italian 3. Of Revenge (1625)
Lucilla: a clever, young woman 4. Of Adversity (1625)
Commilla: 5. Of Parents and Children (1612, enlarged 1625)
6. Of Marriage and Single Life
Robert Greene: (1558-1592) 7. Of Envy (1625)
Works: 8. Of Love (1612, rewritten 1625)
(i) Friar Bacon and Friar Bangay 9. Of Great Place (1612, slightly enlarged 1625)
(ii) James-IV 10. Novum Organum (New Method)
(iii) Alphossus 11. History of Life and Death
(iv) The Looking Glass for London and England 12. The New Alantis [collection of essay]
(v) Orlando 13. Of Study
14. Of Friendship
Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay: 15. Of Plantation
Character: 16. Advancement of Learning
 Prince Edward: Famous quotes of Francis Bacon :
 Lacy: 01. Reading maketh a full man; Conference a ready
 Margaret: the keeper‘s daughter. man; writing an exact man. (cov‡kvbv GKRb c~Y©v½
 Friar Roger Bacon:
gvbyl M‡o †Zv‡j, AvjvcPvwiZv •Zwi K‡i Dcw¯’Z eyw×m¤úbœ
 Friar Bungay:
gvbyl Ges †jLv‡jwL GKRb mwVK gvbyl •Zwi K‡i|) (Of
Studies)
Francis Bacon (1561-1626) 02. Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for
→ Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, ability. (Aa¨qb Avb‡›`i Rb¨, my›`ifv‡e K_v ejvi Rb¨
statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author. Ges RxweKv DcvR©‡bi `ÿZvi Rb¨) (Of Studies)
He served both as Attorney General and as 03. Some books are to be tasted, others to be
Lord Chancellor of England. swallowed (MjvatKiY) and some few to be
chewed and digested. (wKQz eB Av¯^v`‡bi Rb¨, wKQz
→ wZwb GKRb weL¨vZ Essayist. Bs‡iwR fvlvq cÖeÜmvwnZ¨ MjvatKi‡Yi Rb¨ Ges wKQz wPev‡bv I nRg Kiv‡bvi Rb¨| It
iPbv K‡i wZwb cÖeÜmvwn‡Z¨i RbK n‡q †M‡jb| ÒcÖeÜÓ means something from everything and
(Essay) GB kãUv wZwb cÖ_g e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb Bs‡iwR everything's from something- A_©vr mewKQzi wKQz
mvwn‡Z¨| Zv‡K Fahter of English essay ev Prose wKQz, wKQz wKQzi mewKQz) (Of Studies)
ejv nq| 04. History makes wise man. (Of Studies)
05. A Mixture of lie does ever add pleasure. (m‡Z¨i
Important Information: m‡½ GKUz wg_¨vi Lv` wgwk‡q wb‡j Zv Av‡iv Avb›``vqK
i. Francis Bacon was an illustrious (weL¨vZ) nq|) (Of Truth)
essayist. [44th BCS] 06. It is impossible to love and to be wise. ÒGKB mv‡_
ii. The word 'Essay' was first used by Francis †cÖg Kiv I Ávbx nIqv Am¤¢eÓ (Of Love)
Bacon. He was popular for essay. 07. Unmarried men are best friend, best master, best
iii. He is considered ― The father of English Essay / servants but not always best subjects (wbf©i‡hvM¨).
Prose.‖ (Of Marriage and Single Life)
iv. He is also called the father of empiricism
(knowledge is based on experience.)

English (11-12) Page  12

08. Wives are young men‘s mistress, companies for → John Dryden used the word, 'metaphysical' first.
middle age and old men‘s nurses. (Of Marriage He wrote, "Donne affects the metaphysics". His
and Single Life.) judgement was confirmed by Dr. Samuel Johnson.
09. A good Friend is another himself. (Of
Friendship) → John Donne was a leading metaphysical poet.
10. Revenage is a kind of wild justice. (Of Revenge)
11. Opportunity makes thief. Òmy‡hvMB gvbyl‡K †Pvi evbvqÓ
(Francis Bacon encompasses the concept that John Donne (1572-1631)
anyone would be capable of committing a thrift
if there were no controls in place and no Rb Wvb wQ‡jb GKRb cÖfvekvjx Bs‡iR Kwe whwb †k·wcqi Ges
punishment for the crime) gvi‡jvi mgmvgwqK wQ‡jb| wZwb m¤ú~Y© e¨wZµgx †gUvwdwRK¨vj
†cv‡qwUª [Metaphysical Poetry] bvgK KweZv Avwe®‹vi
George Chapman (1559-1634) K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GRb¨ Zv‡K ―Father of Metaphysical
→ George Chapman translated Homer‘s ‗Iliad
Poetry‖ ejv nq| Zv‡K ejv nq fv‡jvevmvi Kwe [Poet of
and ‗Odyssey‘ into English.
Love]| Zvui KweZv¸‡jv fv‡jvevmvi imvq‡b cwic~Y©| Kwe¸iæ
iwe›`ªbv_ VvKzi Rb Wv‡bi KweZv Øviv AZ¨šÍ cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb|
The Jacobean Period (1603-1625) hviv Ò‡k‡li KweZvÓ Dcb¨vmwU c‡o‡Qb Zviv GB jvBbwU
K‡qKevi †c‡q‡Qb D³ Dcb¨v‡m ―For God‘s sake hold
Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ Jacobean Age ej‡Z g~jZ ivRv James I
your tongue and let me love‖. (The Canonization)
(1603-1625) Gi ivRZ¡Kvj‡K eySvq| GB mg‡q Bs‡iwR
mvwnZ¨ AviI AvwfRvZ¨ jvf K‡i Ges GKB mv‡_ AÜKvigq Zvui ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KweZv¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc :
w`K¸‡jvI dzwU‡q †Zv‡j| GB mg‡q mvwnZ¨ mvgvwRK Aeÿq 01. ―The Sun Rising‖
Ges we‡`ªvn m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb wQj| Jacobean Age-G A‡bK 02. The Canonization
bvUK I M`¨ †jLv n‡q‡Q| G hy‡Mi †jLK‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB 03. The Good Morrow [ 40th BCS]
Elizabethan hy‡M †jLv ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| GB mg‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ 04. A Valediction : Forbidding Mouring.
†jLK n‡”Qb Shakespeare I Johnson GQvovI John 05. ―The Ecstasy‖
Donne, Francis Bacon, John Webster. Ges Thomas 06. Loves Growth
Middleton GB mg‡qi mvwnwZ¨K| 07. Twicknam Garden
08. The Flea [songs]
→ Jacobean Period-Gi Kweiv Metaphysical Poetry
09. The Dream
Gi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
10. Holy Sonnets
 Metaphysical Poetry (দার্নিক শ বা 11. Death be not proud
অনিনবদযাত্মক কনবতা) 12. The Relic
Literally, 'meta' means 'beyond' and 'physics' means 13. Go and Catch a Following Star.
"physical nature". So 'metaphysics' means "beyond 14. To The Countess of Bedford I
physical nature". In this sense, metaphysical poetry is a 15. For Whom The Bell Tolls
type of poetry which deals with abstract or philosophical
sub- jects such as [love, God, Soul and Death]. Note: Ernest Hemingway wrote The novels ―For
Metaphysical is a term generally applied to a group of Whom The Bell Tolls‖& ― The Sun Also
17th century poets chiefly John Donne, John Henry Rises‖
Vaughan, George Herbert, Andrew Marvell, Carew,
Crashaw, Cleveland and Abraham Cowley.

English (11-12) Page  13

Qoutation from The Sun Rising : Other Qoutation:
i. Busy old fool, unruly sun, Why dost thou i. ―Reason is our soul's left hand, faith her right ;
thus, Through windows, and through curtains By these we reach divinity, that's you ;‖ [To
call on us? Must to thy motions lovers' seasons The Countess of Bedford I]
run?
ii. Love, all alike, no season knows nor clime, ii. ―God employs several translators; some
Nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of pieces are translated by age, some by sickness,
time. some by war, some by justice.‖ [For Whom The
Bell Tolls]
iii. Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere;
This bed thy center is, these walls, thy sphere. iii. ― Death be not proud, though some have called
thee Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so.
Qoutation from The Canonization: For, those, whom thou think‘st thou dost
i. For God's sake hold your tongue, and let me
love. [ 42nd BCS, 38th BCS] overthrow, Die not, poor death, nor yet canst
thou kill me.‖ [Death be not proud ]
ii. Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still
Litigious men, which quarrels move,
Though she and I do love. Ben Jonson (1572-1637)
Important information:
iii. Call us what you will, we are made such by love; i. Ben Jonson wQ‡jb The first great new-classicist
Call her one, me another fly, and called father of ―Comedy of Humour.‖
We're tapers too, and at our own cost die,
And we in us find the eagle and the dove. ii. Comdey of Humour is related to medical theory.
The phœnix riddle hath more wit [15th BCS]
By us; we two being one, are it.
iii. ‡Rgm ivRv nIqvi ci wZwb Zvui K…cvjv‡f ab¨ n‡jb Ges
Qoutation from The Good-Morrow: Ô‡cv‡qU j‡iUÕ Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ n‡jb| (In 1616, the year
i. I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I in which Shakespeare died, Jonson was made
Did, till we loved? Were we not weaned till then? poet laureate)

ii. For love, all love of other sights controls, iv. Shakespeare wQ‡jb Ben Jonson Gi Every Man in
And makes one little room an everywhere. His Humour bvU‡Ki GKRb Awf‡bZv|

iii. If our two loves be one, or, thou and I iv. Ben Jonson Gi weL¨vZ K‡qKwU bvUK n‡jv Every Man
Love so alike, that none do slacken, none can in His Humour, Every Man Out of His Humour.
die.
wZwb cÖvq `kLvwb bvUK iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †hgb :
Qoutation from A Valediction: Forbidding 01. The Case is Altered
Mourning : 02. Everyman in His Humour
i. If they be two, they are two so. 03. Volpone (fj‡cvwb) (The Fox-A Beast Fable.
As stiff twin compasses are two; (37th BCS)
Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show. 04. The Silent Woman
To move, but doth, if the other do. 05. Everyman Out of His Humour (1599)
06. A Tale of Tub (Comedy)
07. The Isle of Dogs (Comedy)
08. The Alchemist (comedy)
09. Bartholomew Fair (comedy)

English (11-12) Page  14

10. The New Inn or The Light Heart (comedy)  Camillo
 Flamineo: Vittoria‘s brother
→ Song to Celia [Poem]  Zanche & Cornelia: Vittoria‘s maid
 Duke Francisco: Isabella‘s brother
Note: A Tale of Tub (novel) written by Jonathan  Monticelso:
Swift.  Giovanni:
Volpone:  Cuckold: a man who has been cheated on by
→ Volpone, Italian for sly fox, is a comedy play by his wife
Ben Jonson, first produced in 1605.  Marcello: Vittoria and Flamineo‘s other
brother
Characters:  Conjurer:
 Volpone:
 Mosca: Volpone‘s servant 2. The Duchess of Malfi :
 Voltore, Corbaccio & Corvino: three Characters:
wealthy businessmen who were Volpone‘s  Duchess: a young widow and the ruler of the
greedy business partners. Italian town of Amalfi.
 Celia: Corvino's wife  Antonio: Duchess‘s steward
 Bonario : Corbaccio's son  Bosola: a murderer and Cardinal‘s former
employee
 Cardinal & Duke Ferdinand: Duchess‘s
brothers
the Silent Woman :  Cariola: Duchess‘s maid
Characters:
 Epicœne: The Silent Woman who is a boy in Andrew Marvell: (1621-1678)
disguise.
 Morose: a crotchety older man who detests i. He is a notable metaphysical poet. As a
noise of any kind. metaphysical poet, he is associated with John
 Dauphine: Morose’s nephew Donne and George Herbert.
 Clerimont & Truewit: Dauphine‘s friends.
ii. He was a colleague and friend of John Milton
 Cutbeard: Dauphine‘s barber
but he was a follower of John Donne. wZwb gnvKwe
John Webster (1580-1625) wgjU‡bi Nwbô Ges Aby‡cÖiYv`vbKvix eÜz wQ‡jb| Z‡e John
Donne Gi Abymvix wQ‡jb|
Literarty Works:
i. The White Devil
ii. The Duchess of Malfi. His poems include :
iii. Magnum Opus 01. ―To His Coy Mistress‖. (j¾veZx‡K)– †kÖô KweZv|
iv. Thomas Middleton [45th BCS]
→ John Webster Gi †jLv wewfbœ bvU‡Ki g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ 02. The Definition of Love
n‡jv The White Devil I The Duchess of Malfi. → Theme: out of sight, near to mind
03. ―The Garden‖
1. The White Devil :
Characters: 04. ―An Horation Ode upon Cromwell‘s Return
 Count Lodocico: from Ireland‖,
 Antonelli & Gasparo: Lodovico‘s friends
 Duke Brachiano 05. ―The Mower‘s Song‖ and the
 Isabella
 Vittoria 06. Country house poem ―Upon Appleton House‖.
07. ―Bermudas‖
English (11-12) Page  15
Qoutation from „To His Coy Misstress: Cavalier poets ejv nq|] Some notable Cavalier
i. Had we but world enough, and time, poets are- Robert Herrick, Thomas Carew,
John Suckling and Richard Lovelace.
This coyness, Lady, were no crime.
We would sit down and think which way → They are regarded as secular poets. Cagalier
To walk and pass our long love‘s day. poetry is different from traditional poetry in its
subject matter.
ii. Let us roll all our strength and all Our sweetness
up into one ball, Robert Herrick (1591-1674)
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ :
George Herbert (1593- 1633) 01. Herrick (1591-1674) was a 17th-century English
poet. He was the greatest Cavalier poet.
George Herbert was a Welsh-born English poet,
orator and Anglican priest. Herbert‘s poetry is 02. wZwb †ewk cwiwPZ Zvui weL¨vZ KweZv ―To Daffodils‖ Gi
associated with the writing of the metaphysical poets. Rb¨|
His well-known works:
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ : 01. To Daffodils (poem)
01. George Herbert wQ‡jb GKRb weL¨vZ Religious Poet. 02. Hesperides (poem)
02. Zvi weL¨vZ `ywU KweZv n‡jv ―Easter Wings‖, 03. Delight in Disorder
―The Collar‖.
Literary Works: Note: ―Daffodils‖ bv‡g GKwU KweZv wj‡L‡Qb †ivgvw›UK
hy‡Mi Kwe William Wordsworth.
01. ―Easter Wings‖
02. ―The Collar‖. “To Daffodils”
03. The Temple
i. ―To Daffodils‖ KweZvi g~j welqe¯‘ (Theme) n‡jv
04. The Country Parso
Short Living of Human being. \ Life is short,
05. Jacula Prudentum
so live it to the fullest.
06. Affliction
ii. In the poem ‗To Daffodils‘ the poet weeps
07. The Agony
over short-lived human life.
06. A Wreath
ii. Human life is compared with morning‘s dew,
rain and Spring.
The Caroline Period (1625-1649) iii. In this poem, the poet is sad because the
flowers remind the poet of his own death.
→ Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ Caroline Age-ej‡Z ivRv Charles I iv. ‗Hasting Day‘ means hurriedly passing day.
(1625-1649) ivRZ¡Kvj‡K eySvq| GB mg‡qi †jLvi v. ‗To Daffodils‘ gives poignant expression to
g‡a¨ wQj AvwfRvZ¨ Ges cwiï×Zv| GB hy‡Mi bvU¨KviivB
wQj me©‡kl hviv Elizabethan tradition Abyhvqx bvUK the inescapable transience of life on earth.
wjLZ| GB mg‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †jLK n‡”Q- Sir John Qoutes:
Suckling, Henry Vaughan, Robert Herrick i. Fair Daffodils, we weep to see
cÖgyL| You haste away so soon;
As yet the early-rising sun
→ Cavalier poets: Cavalier poets were a group of
Has not attain'd his noon.
Mid-17th century English lyric poets who were
mostly courtiers of Charles I. They were
closely associated with Charles I and his
exiled son. [ G hy‡Mi ivRZ‡š¿i mg_©K Kwe‡`i‡K

English (11-12) Page  16

ii. We die
As your hours do, and dry 03. Samson Agonistes (a poetic drama on the Greek
Away, model)
Like to the summer's rain;
Or as the pearls of morning's dew, 04. Lycidas. (Elegy, on the death of his friend
Ne'er to be found again. Edward King)

Henry Vaughan (1621-1695) 05. Areopagitica [prose/ Pamphlet]

→GwU †jLv n‡qwQj †jLK, cÖKvkK I cÖKvkbv ms¯’vi
01. wZwb GKRb weL¨vZ Metaphysical poet Z‡e †ckvMZ
¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨| It was banned by Govt.
Rxe‡b Physician wQ‡jb|
02. He is chiefly known for this religious poetry.
06. Of Education [Prose]
Famous Poems :
07. On His Blindness [sonnet]
01. Mount of Oliver
→ GKwU weL¨vZ jvBb n‡jv ―Death is the golden key
02. The Chemist‘s Key
that opens the places of eternity.‖
03. Silex Scintillans
04. The Retreat
08. ―O Nightingle‖, [sonnet]
John Milton (1608-1674)
09. ―How Soon Hath Time [sonnet]
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨: Note: Ode to Nightingle (poem) written by John
i. John Milto was The great master of Blank
Keats.
Verse. He is famously known as ‗Epic Poet‘
[38th BCS]
The Commonwealth Period (1649-1660)
ii. 1652 mv‡j nVvr K‡iB wZwb G‡Kev‡i AÜ n‡q hvb|
01. Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm 1649 †_‡K 1660 mvj ch©šÍ
iii. Paradise Lost by John Milton is a long-form epic mgqKvj Commonwealth Period e‡j cwiwPZ| KviY-
poem consisting of 12 books and more than Gmg‡q Bsj¨v‡Û †Kv‡bv ivRZš¿ wQj bv|
10,000 lines of blank verse. Published in 1667 Commonwealth ev MYZš¿ Pvjy n‡qwQj| ivRZ‡š¿
exZkÖ× RbmvaviY‡K MYZ‡š¿i Rb¨ eû msMÖvg Ki‡Z nq|
His famous Works : Oliver Cromwell wQ‡jb G msMÖv‡gi †bZv|
01. Paradise Lost ( a religious epic, written in Blank
Verse) 02. Ae‡k‡l 1649 mv‡j cÖ_g Pvj©‡mi wki‡ñ` n‡q †M‡j wZwb
→ Theme: Justify the ways of God to men. GLv‡b Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivR¨ ÿgZvq AwawôZ nb| Zvui G ÿgZv MÖn‡Yi
th
†Kw›`ªq PwiÎ n‡”Q ÔkqZvbÕ| [ 44 & 14 BCS] gva¨‡g ivRZ‡š¿i wejywß N‡U Ges MYZ‡š¿i D‡b¥l nq|
†h‡nZz G mg‡q Commonwealth ev MYZš¿ Pvjy wQj ZvB
→ Characters: Satan, Adam, Eve , God,
G hyM‡K Commonwealth Period ejv nq|
Beelzebub, Mammon.
→ G gnvKv‡e¨i GKwU weL¨vZ jvBb n‡jv ―Better to reign
03. Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ commonwealth period †K AivRKvj
in Hell than serve in Heaven‖ – Speech of Satan.
rd ev Puritan interregnum e‡j|
[43 BCS]
Note: Puritan [1620-1660)
02. Paradise Regained (Epic, in four books)
→ G gnvKv‡e¨i GKwU weL¨vZ jvBb n‡jv ―Childhood
shows the man. As morning shows the days.‖
→ Characters: Satan, Jesus Christ, God
English (11-12) Page  17