DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

M.Sc. (PHYSICS)

(Students admitted during 2022-2023 Onwards)

(Under CBCS with Outcome Based Education (OBE) Pattern)

SYLLABUS
I TO IV SEMESTER

GOBI ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE

(Govt. Aided Autonomous Co-educational Institution, Affiliated to
Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Accredited with 'A' Grade by NAAC (4th cycle)
and Recognised as a STAR College by DBT, Government of India)

KARATTADIPALAYAM POST,
GOBICHETTIPALAYAM - 638453
ERODE DISTRICT.

1
 GOBI ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)

Vision

Social and Economic upliftment of the people of this area through value based quality Education.

Mission

Committed to serve the society with humility and trust, devoid of exploitation; to impart value based
higher education, particularly to the socially and economically deprived sections of this area; to make
students of this institution worthy citizens of our glorious motherland.

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Vision
Inculcate Physics among the students and become a pioneer in teaching and research towards the
development of community it serves.

Mission
 To provide sound technical skills to the students by imparting basic theoretical and practical
knowledge.
 To carry out interdisciplinary and innovative research in emerging areas and disciplines.
 To develop technological and infrastructural department to attain the vision.

2
 GOBI ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS): GOBICHETTIPALAYAM
SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS - M.Sc. (PHYSICS) (22 BATCH)

Maximum
Course Total Hrs/ Marks Total
No. Course Credits
Code Hours Exam Marks
CIA EOS
SEMESTER - I
CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND STATISTICAL
1 22P3PH01 75 3 50 50 100 5.0
MECHANICS
2 22P3PH02 MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS - I 75 3 50 50 100 5.0

3 22P3PH03 NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS 75 3 50 50 100 5.0

SPECIAL ELECTRONICS
4 22P3PH04 75 3 50 50 100 5.0
(ANALOG & DIGITAL ELECTRONICS)

SEMESTER - II

5 22P3PH05 MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS - II 75 3 50 50 100 5.0

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND
6 22P3PH06 75 3 50 50 100 5.0
ELECTRODYNAMICS
7 22P3PH07 MODERN OPTICS 75 3 50 50 100 5.0
ELECTIVE - I : THIN FILM PHYSICS &
8 22P3PH08 75 3 50 50 100 5.0
NANO SCIENCE
9 22P3PHPA PRACTICAL - I : GENERAL EXPERIMENTS 120 4 50 50 100 4.0
PRACTICAL - II : ELECTRONICS
10 22P3PHPB 120 4 50 50 100 4.0
EXPERIMENTS

SEMESTER – III

11 22P3PH09 QUANTUM MECHANICS - I 75 3 50 50 100 5.0

12 22P3PH10 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS 75 3 50 50 100 5.0

13 22P3PH11 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 75 3 50 50 100 5.0

14 SUPPORTIVE PAPER : 75 3 50 50 100 4.0

SEMESTER - IV

15 22P3PH12 QUANTUM MECHANICS - II 75 3 50 50 100 5.0

ELECTIVE - II : CRYSTAL GROWTH
16 22P3PH13 75 3 50 50 100 5.0
TECHNIQUES
PRACTICAL - III : ADVANCED
17 22P3PHPC 120 6 50 50 100 4.0
EXPERIMENTS
PRACTICAL - IV : SPECIAL ELECTRONICS
18 22P3PHPD 120 6 50 50 100 4.0
EXPERIMENTS
19 22P3PHV1 PROJECT WORK AND VIVA–VOCE 100 100 5.0

TOTAL CREDITS: 90

3
 BLOOM’S TAXONOMY BASED ASSESSMENT PATTERN
K1-Remember; K2-Understanding; K3-Apply; K4-Analyze; K5-Evaluate
I. END OF SEMESTER (EOS) EXAMINATIONS:
1. Theory: 75 Marks (Converted into 50 Marks)
Knowledge Level Section Marks Description Total
A (Answer All) 10 × 1 = 10 MCQ
K1- K4 B (Either or Pattern) 5 × 5 = 25 Short answers 75
C (Either or Pattern) 5 × 8 = 40 Descriptive/Detailed
2. Practical Examinations: 50 Marks
Section
Knowledge Level Total
Practical Record work

K3,K4,K5 45 05 50

II. CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA):

1. Test – I & II: 25 Marks (Theory)
Knowledge Level Section Marks Description Total
A (Answer All) 5×1=5 MCQ
K1- K4 B (Either or Pattern) 2 × 5 = 10 Short answers 25
C (Either or Pattern) 1 × 10 = 10 Descriptive/Detailed
2. Test –III: Model Exam 75 Marks (Converted into 50 Marks)
Knowledge Level Section Marks Description Total
A (Answer All) 10 × 1 = 10 MCQ
K1- K4 B (Either or Pattern) 5 × 5 = 25 Short answers 75
C (Either or Pattern) 5 × 8 = 40 Descriptive/Detailed
3. Practical Internal Assessment: 50 Marks
Section
Knowledge Record
One Lab Observation Total
Level Submission Attendance
Test Performance Submission in Time
in Time

K3,K4,K5 30 05 05 05 05 50

Components of Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

Allotment of Internal Assessment

Components Marks for a Maximum of 100 Marks
(Converted into 50 Marks)
Two Tests (1 hour) [25+25=50/2] 25
Model Exam (75 Marks Converted into 50 Marks) 50
Learning by doing / Skill Development / Case Study /
10
Innovation / Assignment. (Any Two-5+5 = 10 Marks)
Seminar / Quiz / Term Paper / Composition / Field Visit /
Industrial Visit / GD / Skill / Extension Activity etc. 10
(Any Two-5 + 5 = 10 Marks)
Attendance 05
CIA Total 100

4
Programme Specific Objectives
The students will be able to do, on successful completion of programme,
1. To educate the students in the current and vibrant emerging areas of physics by following up the
advanced technologies, contributing to the national industries competitive character through
educational and research based activities.
2. To acquire knowledge of fundamental laws and principles in wide areas of Physics along with their
applications so as to develop strong student competencies in physics and its applications in a
technology rich, interactive environment.
3. To understand the challenges of a dynamically and globalized changing world by adapting their skills
through continuous learning and self improvement.
4. To work effectively in bringing practical skills to excel in technical carrier and bloom in research
studies.
5. The students will be able to work in team competent enough to make an entrepreneur and also to
pursue research and higher education and they will practice professional ethics, communicate
effectively, emerge as leaders in chosen fields and be socially responsible.

Programme Specific Outcomes (PSO)

PSO1: Students will acquire a comprehensive knowledge and sound understanding of fundamentals of
Physics.
PSO2: To improve the ability of written and oral communication skills in communicating physics related
topics.
PSO3: Students will be capable to acquire a range of general skills, to solve problems, to communicate
with society effectively.
PSO4: Apply conceptual perceptive of physics in other disciplines such as Engineering, Mathematics,
Chemistry and Computer science.
PSO5: Express the ability to do advanced lab experiments that apply the principles learned in the class
room.

5
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH01 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Classical Mechanics and Statistical Semester: I
Total Hours: 75
Mechanics Credits: 5.0

Course Objective
The course aims
 To comprehend the equation of motion for complicated mechanical systems using Lagrangian and
Hamiltonian formulation.
 To utilize conservation of energy and linear angular momentum for solving dynamic problems.
 To become skilled at Ensembles, Classical and Quantum Statistics.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
Understand basic mechanical concepts related to discrete and continuous
CO1
mechanical systems and its applications
Explore the application of Hamilton’s equations in solving the equation of
CO2
K1 motion of a particle in a central force field.
K2 Learn Poisson’s brackets, Equations of motion and conservation theorems in
the Poisson Bracket formulation. Understand, evaluate and describe the
K3 CO3
special motion of a rigid body and motion of a mechanical system by using
K4 Hamiltonian dynamics
Gives an account of the relevant quantities used to describe macroscopic
K5 CO4
systems, thermodynamic potentials and Ensembles
Describe the importance and consequence of statistical mechanics and
CO5 application on Maxwell – Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac
statistics.


K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 – Evaluate

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Lagrangian Dynamics: Basic concepts of constraints and Generalized Co-ordinates-
Principle of Virtual work- D’Alembert’s principle -Lagrangian equation from
D’Alembert’s principle - Applications of Lagrangian formulation :Atwood Machine -
Lagrangian equation for LC circuit- Hamilton’s principle and Lagrange’s equation-
Gauge invariance of Lagrangian- Symmetry properties of space, time and conservation
I laws. 15
Hamiltonian Dynamics: Generalized momentum and cyclic coordinates- conservation
theorems- Hamilton’s function H and conservation of energy- Hamilton’s equations-
Applications of Hamiltonian formulation: Harmonic oscillator- charge particle moving
in an electromagnetic field.
Two body central force problem:Reduction of two body central force problem to the
II equivalent one body problem- Equations of motion under central force and first 15
integrals- Differential equation of an orbit- Inverse square law of force- Kepler’s laws of
planetary motion and their deduction- Virial theorem.

6
 Variational Principles:Deduction of Hamilton’s principle from D’Alembert’s principle-
Deduction of Hamilton’s equation from modified Hamilton’s principle (or variational
principle) - Principle of least action –Other forms of principle of least action*.
Brackets: Poisson’s brackets - Lagrange brackets- Relation between Lagrange and
Poisson brackets - Angular Momentum and Poisson bracket.
Small Oscillations: General theory of small oscillations - Secular equation and Eigen
value equation -Solution of Eigen value equation - Small oscillations in Normal
III coordinates - Vibrations of a linear tri atomic molecule. 15
Dynamics of a Rigid Body: Body and Space reference systems - Euler’s angles -
Angular momentum and Inertia tensor - Principal Axes - Principal moments of Inertia -
Rotational kinetic energy of a Rigid body - Euler’s equation of motion for a rigid body
(Newtonian Approach).
Ensembles: Concepts of ensembles - types of ensembles - Micro canonical ensembles:
ideal gas in Micro canonical ensembles - Canonical ensemble - ideal gas in canonical
ensemble - grand canonical ensemble - ideal gas in grand canonical ensembles.
IV Classical Statistics: Phase space - volume in phase space - volume occupied by a 15
quantum state - number of cells in a given energy range of Harmonic oscillator- numbers
of phase cells in the given energy range - constraints and accessible states - Boltzmann
entropy relation.
Maxwell - Boltzmann Distribution: Micro states and Macro states - Maxwell-
Boltzmann distribution law - Condition for the applicability of Maxwell - Boltzmann
statistics
Applications: Total internal energy and specific heat at constant volume - Most
probable, Mean and Root mean square speeds.
V 15
Quantum Statistics:
Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics: Bose-Einstein distribution law - Derivation
of Plank’s law from B-E distribution- Fermi-Dirac distribution law -Fermi energy-
Effect of temperature - Fermi energy for free electron in a metal - Expression for mean
kinetic energy of electrons in a metal at absolute zero.
<* - Self Study>

Text Books:
1. Dr.J.C.Upadhyaya, Classical Mechanics, 1st edition, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai, Reprint
2006 (Unit I, Unit II, Unit III).
2. Dr.S.L.Gupta, Dr.V.Kumar, Elementary Statistical Mechanics, Pragati prakashan, Reprint 2007.
(Unit IV).
3. Miss Kamal Singh and S.P.Singh, Elements of Statistical Mechanics, 3rd edition, S.Chand & Company,
Reprint 1992 (Unit IV, Unit V)
Reference Books:
1. Goldstein and Pearson, Classical Mechanics, 3rd edition, New International Publishers, 2014.
2. Gupta, S.L.Kumar and Sharma, Classical Mechanics, Pragathi Prakasan, Meerut, 2012.
3. B.K.Agarwal, Melvin Eisner, Statistical Mechanics, 2nd Edition, New Age international (P) Ltd.
E-references:
1. https://courses.physics.ucsd.edu/2010/Fall/physics200a/LECTURES/CH06.pdf
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/113106040/12
3. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/disbe.html

7
 Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes
PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S S H M M
CO2 S S S M S
CO3 S H S S M
CO4 S S H M S
CO5 S S S H M
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium

8
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH02 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Semester: I
Total Hours: 75 Mathematical Physics - I
Credits: 5.0
Course Objective
The course aims
 To understand the fundamental concepts in Vector calculus and Linear vector space.
 To lay a strong foundation in Fourier & Laplace transforms.
 To know the need and the use of numerical methods in solving Physics problems.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
CO1 Understand the concepts of gradient, divergence, curl & Lapacian operators.
Solve problems in Laplace Transforms and Fourier series of some typical
K1 CO2
waveforms.
K2 Have a good grasp of basic elements of complex analysis and will be able to
CO3
use the residue theorem to compute integrals.
K3
Obtain the solution of Legendre's and Bessel's differential equations and theory
K4 CO4 and problems on generating function, orthogonality, Rodrigue's formula, prove
K5 Recurrence relation.
Understand techniques to find solution of system of linear equations, numerical
CO5 differentiation and integration and numerical solutions of ordinary differential
equations.


K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 – Evaluate

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Vector Calculus and Linear Vector Space:
Line, Surface and Volume integrals - Important Vector Identities - Gauss divergence
theorem- proof - Stoke's Theorem- proof - Green theorem - proof - Green theorem in a
plane - Classification of Vector fields.
I Orthogonl Curvilinear co-ordinates - Gradient, Divergence, Curl, Laplacian in 15
curvilinear co-ordinates - Differential operators in Spherical Polar Co-ordinates &
Cylindrical Co-ordinates.
Linear Vector Space - Linear independence of Vectors & Dimensions -Basis and
Expansion Theorem - Inner product and unitary spaces - Orthonormal sets -Schmidt
Orthogonalisation method.
Laplace Transforms and Fourier Series:
Definition of Laplace transform - properties of Laplace transforms - Laplace
transforms of derivatives of a function and integrals- Inverse Laplace Transformation -
II properties of inverse Laplace Transform - Solving simple second order differential 15
equation.
Fourier series - Dirichlet’s theorem and Dirichlet’s conditions - change of interval
from(-π ,π) to (-l , l) - complex form - Fourier series in the interval (O, T), uses of
Fourier series.

9
 Complex Variable Theory:
Functions of a complex variable single valued and multi valued functions - Analytic
function – The necessary and sufficient condition for f(Z) to be analytic- Harmonic
III function - line integrals of complex function-Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral 15
formula - derivatives of an analytic function - Taylor’s series - Laurent’s series –
Singularities of analytic function - Cauchy’s residue theorem - application to the
equation of definite integral – Definite integrals of trigonometric functions of cos θ and
sin θ.
Special functions and their properties: Legendre differential equation and
Legendre functions: Legendre’s equation - Generating function – Rodrigue’s formula-
IV Orthogonal properties- Recurrence formula. Bessel’s Differential Equations: Bessel’s 15
equations of first kind and second kind - General solution – Recurrence formula-
Generating function.
Curve Fitting & Numerical Methods:The method of least squares- curve fitting -
straight line, non–linear equations - Bisection and Newton- Raphson method of finding
V roots of the equations - solution of simultaneous linear equation by Gauss elimination 15
method - Gauss Jordan method - solution of ordinary differential equation by Euler
method- Improved Euler method and Runge -Kutta second and fourth order method -
Evaluation of integral by means of Simpson’s one third rule -Trapezoidal rule*.
<* - Self Study>
Text Books:
1. Satya Prakash, Mathematical Physics, edition, Sultan chand & Sons, Reprint 2005. (Unit I, Unit II,
Unit III, Unit IV)
2. H.K.Dass, Dr.Rama verma, Mathematical Physics, 7th revised edition, S Chand & Company Ltd,
2014. (Unit II, Unit III)
3. P.Kandasamy, K.Thilagavathy, K.Gunavathy, Numerical methods, 3rd revised edition, S. Chand &
Company Ltd, 2014. (Unit V)
Reference Books:
1. B.D.Gupta, Mathematical Physics, 4th edition, Vikas Publishing house (P) Ltd, Reprint 2013.
2. B.S.Rajput - Mathematical Physics, 28th edition, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Reprint 2016.
3. K.F.Riley and M.P. Hobson, Essential Mathematical methods for Physical sciences, Cambridge
University Press, 2011.
E-references:
1. https://nptel.ac.in>courses
2. https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~dwharder/NumericalAnalysis/10RootFinding/bisection/exampes.html
3. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LaplaceTransform.html
Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes
PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S S H S S
CO2 S H S S S
CO3 S S M S H
CO4 S H S S S
CO5 S S H H S
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium
10
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH03 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Semester: I
Total Hours: 75 Nuclear and Particle Physics
Credits: 5.0
[ Course Objective

The course aims

 To understand the concept of nuclear binding energy and calculate the binding energy for different
nuclei.
 To distinguish between the different types of radioactive decays and compute the daughter nuclei for
these decays.
 To appreciate nuclear interactions and interaction with matter.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
Understand the basic concepts of atomic nucleus, properties and mass
CO1
detecting spectrograph.
Acquired knowledge about different forms of radioactivity and their decay
CO2
process by relativistic calculations.
K1-K5 Able to explain the types of nuclear models and kinematics of various
CO3
nuclear reactions.
CO4 Learn about fission and fusion fragments with their energies.
Can get thorough knowledge about various elementary particles and their
CO5
properties.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 – Evaluate

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
General properties of Atomic Nucleus: Distribution of Nuclear charge - Scattering of α
particles (Rutherford’s Scattering formula and its Experimental verification) - Nuclear
size and its determination: life time of α emitters, Anomalous scattering of α particles,
Scattering of neutrons - nuclear reaction by charged particles - Mass spectroscopy:
I 15
Bainbridge & Jordan Mass spectrograph - Nier’s Mass Spectrometer - Theories of
Nuclear composition (Proton - electron, proton - neutron) - Binding energy (Nuclear
Stability) - Semi empirical mass formula - Quantum numbers for Individual nucleons -
Quantum properties of Nuclear states.
Radio Activity:
Alpha decay: Properties of α particles - velocity and energy of α particles - Gamow’s
theory of α decay - Geiger Nuttal law - α ray energies and fine structure of α rays.
Beta decay: Properties of β particles - General features of β decay spectrum - Pauli’s
II hypothesis - Fermi’s theory of β decay (neutrino’s theory of β decay) - forms of 15
interaction & selection rules - K capture.
Gamma decay: Properties of γ particles - The absorption of gamma rays by matter -
interaction of Gamma rays with matter - measurement of Gamma ray energies - Dumond
bent crystal spectrometer method - Internal conversion.
11
 Nuclear Models: Nuclear models -The liquid drop model – Semi empirical mass
formula*- The shell model - magic numbers - Collective model.
Nuclear Reaction: Kinds of Nuclear reactions - Conservation laws - Nuclear reaction
III Kinematics - Nuclear cross section - cross section of a Nuclear reaction - continuum 15
theory of Nuclear reactions - resonance: Breit - Wigner dispersion formula - different
stages of Nuclear reaction - statistical theory of Nuclear reactions - Kinematics of
stripping & pickup reactions.
Nuclear Fission: Types of fission – Energy release in fission – Nature of fission
fragments – Energy distribution between fission fragments – Neutran emission in fission
process – Bohr & Wheeler's theory of nuclear fission and its Limitation – Charge
IV distribution of fission products – Nuclear chain reaction. 15
Nuclear Fusion: Source of Stellar energy – Fusion reactions – Energy balance and
Lawson creterian – Cross sections of fusion reactions – reaction rates – critical
temperature – Laser fusion process.
Particle Physics: Classification of elementary particles-Fundamental
V interactions- Properties of Elementary particles -Bosons-Leptons-Mesons- пMesons 15
- K Mesons - C.P. Violation in neutral K-Meson decay - Baryons - Detection of
Antiproton - The eight fold way - Quarks.
<* - Self Study>

Text Books:
1. D.C.Tayal, Nuclear Physics, 5th edition, Himalaya Publishing House, 2008. (Unit I, II, III).
2. M.L.Pandya & R.P.S.Yadav, Elements of Nuclear Physics - Kedar Nath Ram Nath & Co, 7th edition,
reprint 2003. (Unit III, V).
3. S.L. Kakani & Shubhra Kakani, Nuclear and particle Physics, 1st edition, Viva books (P) Ltd, 2008.
(Unit IV).
Reference Books:
1. Bernard L.Cohen, Concept of nuclear Physics – Tata McGraw Hill Publishing (P) Ltd, Reprint 2013.
2. Irving Kaplan, Nuclear Physics – Narosa Publishing House (P) Ltd, Reprint 2002.
3. N.N. Srivastava, Basic Nuclear Physics - Prgathi prakashan Publishing, Meerut, 2006.
4. R.R. Roy & B.P. Nigam, Nuclear Physics theory and experiment – New age international (P) Ltd,
Reprint 2011.
5. R.C. Sharma, Nuclear Physics – K. Nath & co Educational publishing, 5th edition, 2000.
E-references:
1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115104043/+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPJidbP_oLM
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXo-MrYR4bc
Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes
PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S H S M S
CO2 H S H H M
CO3 S S M H S
CO4 S S M H M
CO5 S H S H H
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium
12
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH04 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Special Electronics Semester: I
Total Hours: 75
(Analog & Digital Electronics) Credits: 5.0
Course Objective
The course aims
 To gain the knowledge of applications of transistor at low & high frequencies.
 To be familiar with Characteristics of Feedback amplifiers, Oscillators and MOSFET.
 To have strong foundation in designing digital circuits.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
Understand the response of transistors at low and high frequencies and
CO1
determination of hybrid parameters.
CO2 Get the knowledge about characteristics of feedback amplifiers, oscillators.
K1-K4 Acquire information about MOSFET, Thyristors and Operational Amplifier
CO3
and its operations.
CO4 Attain knowledge on Data processing and Data Acquisition systems.
CO5 Get idea about Counters, Registers and Memory storage devices.


K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Transistor at Low Frequencies: The hybrid parameters - Determination of h-
parameters - h-parameter equivalent circuit - performance of a linear circuit in h-
parameters - the h-parameters of a transistor - Nomenclature for transistor h- parameters-
transistor circuit performance in h-parameters- Experimental determination of h-
I parameters- Limitations of h-parameters. 15
Transistor at High Frequencies: The Hybrid - pi (π) common - emitter Transistor
model - Hybrid (π) conductances hybrid (π) capacitances - validity of hybrid (π) model -
variation of hybrid (π) parameters - CE short circuit current gain- single stage CE
Transistor Amplifier Response.
Feedback Amplifier: Feedback concept – Principles of feedback amplifiers-Gain
stability-Decreased distortion – Increased bandwidth – Types of negative feedback
amplifier - Voltage - series feedback - Current - series feedback - Current - shunt
feedback - Voltage - shunt feedback.
Oscillators:
Sinusoidal Oscillators: Introduction-Comparison between oscillator and amplifier –
II Classification of Oscillators–Applications of sinusoidal oscillators-Nature of sinusoidal 15
oscillations-oscillatory circuit-frequency of oscillatory circuit-frequency stability of an
oscillator-The Barkhausen criterion-Hartley Oscillator- Colpitt’s oscillator –Clapp
oscillator-Crystal oscillator-Quartz crystal-Characteristics, Equivalent circuit, Q factor
and frequency stability of a quartz crystal- Crystal Oscillator circuit.
Non-Sinusoidal Oscillators: Schmitt Trigger - Square wave and triangular wave
generators.
13
 MOSFET and Thyristors: MOSFET- Depletion type and Enhancement type MOSFET-
Working, Characteristics and circuit symbol of Depletion type and Enhancement type
MOSFET- SCR- Operation- Equivalent circuit-Turning ON and OFF of SCR- V-I
Characteristics – TRIAC- Operation-V-I characteristics- Applications of TRIAC- DIAC-
III V-I Characteristics*. 15
Operational Amplifier and its Applications: Op amp Basics - Active filters - solving
linear simultaneous equation - solving linear differential equations -Log amplifier -
Antilog amplifier - Voltage to current - current to voltage converter - Instrumentation
Amplifier.
Data Processing and Data Acquisition: Multiplexer and Demultiplexer - Decoder-
Encoder- Sample and Hold system - Binary Weighted Resistor D/A converter - R-2R
IV Resistive ladder D/A converter - Counter type A/D Converter - Successive
approximation A/D Converter - Dual slope ADC- Parallel comparator A/D converter-555
IC Timer -555 IC as Schmitt Trigger. 15
Counters: Asynchronous counter operation - Mod 4 counters - synchronous counter
operation - Mod 3, Mod 5 Counters - Up/down synchronous counters - cascaded
counters.
V Registers: Basis shift register functions - serial in / serial out shift registers- serial in / 15
parallel out shift registers - Bidirectional shift registers - shift register counters.
Memory and storage: Random access memories - Read only Memories - Programmable
ROMs (PROMs and EPROMs) - Flash Memories - Memory Expansion.
<* - Self Study>
Text Books:
1. Jacob Millman & Christas C. Halkias, Integrated Electronics, Tata McGraw Hill Publications, 1983
(Unit I).
2. V.K.Mehta & Rohit Mehta, Principles of Electronics, S.Chand & Company, NewDelhi, 2015 (Unit I).
3. Dr.R.S.Sedha, A Text Book of Applied Electronics, S.Chand & Company, NewDelhi, 2017 (Unit II &
III).
4. V.Vijayendran, Introduction to Integrated Electronics, 1st edition, S.Viswanathan (Printers &
Publishers) Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, 2011(Unit IV & Unit V)
Reference Books:
1. B.L.Theraja, Basic Electronics, S.Chand & Company, NewDelhi, 2009.
2. Donald P.Leach, Albert Paul Malvino and Goutam Saha, Digital Principles and applications,
2ndedition, McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, NewDelhi, 2011.
3. Thomas L.Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 8th edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
E-references:
1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sinusoidal_oscillators/sinusoidal_oscillators_tutorial.pdf
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117103063/17
3. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/counters-in-digital-logic/

Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes

PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 H S H S S
CO2 S S M H S
CO3 S H S S M
CO4 H S H S S
CO5 S H H M S
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium
14
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH05 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Semester: II
Total Hours: 75 Mathematical Physics - II
Credits: 5.0
Course Objective
The course aims
 To acquire mathematical knowledge and apply it to various physical problems.
 To practice Mathematical methods for Physics through Matrices, tensors.
 To develop problem solving ability related to physical problems.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
Define types of matrices and calculate inverse, orthogonality, Eigen values
CO1
and vectors and theorems.
Get basic idea, theory and problems in algebra of tensors and types of
CO2
tensors, simplify physical laws using coordinate transformations.
Solve ordinary second order differential equations important in physical
K1-K5 CO3
sciences.
Solution of Hermite and Laguerre differential equation and theory and
CO4 problems on generating function, Orthogonality and prove Recurrence
relations. Can do problems on Beta and Gamma functions.
Explain the fundamental concepts of group theory and representation of
CO5
groups.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 – Evaluate

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Matrices:Various types of Matrices (Review only) - Consistency of linear system of
Equations and their solutions-Solution of Simultaneous Equations -Types of Linear
I Equations -Homogeneous Equations -Cramer’s Rule - Characteristic roots or Eigen 15
values- Cayley - Hamilton theorem - Characteristic Vectors or Eigen Vectors - properties
of Eigen Vectors - Orthogonal Vectors - Diagonalisation of a Matrix - Theorem on
Diagonalisation of a Matrix.
Tensors: n-dimensional space - Subscripts & superscripts- Co-ordinate Transformation -
Indicial & Summation conventions - Dummy & Real indices- Kronecker Delta symbol -
II Scalars - Contravariant Vectors & Covariant Vectors - Tensors of Higher ranks - Algebric 15
operations of Tensors - Symmetric & Antisymmetric Tensors - Invariant Tensors - Levi
civita symbol.
Differential Equations:Linear Differential equations of second order with constant co-
efficients - Introduction - Complementary function - Particular integral - Methods of
finding the Complementary function - Rules to find Particular integrals - Linear Partial
III 15
Differential Equations – Rules for finding Complementary function and Particular integral
- Applications of Partial Differential Equations: Method of Seperation of Variables -
Examples: Equation of Vibrating string - One Dimensional Heat flow -LaplaceEquation*.

15
 Hermite, Laguerres Function, Gamma, Beta functions:Hermite Differential equation
and Hermite polynomials -Generating function - Recurrence Formulae -Rodrigue’s
Formula - Orthogonal Property -Laguerre’s Differential equation and Laguere
IV Polynomials - Generating function -Rodrigue’s Formula - Recurrence Relation- 15
Orthogonal Property - Gamma function - Transformation of Gamma function - Beta
function - Evaluation of Beta function - A property of Beta function - Transformation of
Beta function - Relation between Beta & Gamma functions - Problems involving Gamma
& Beta Functions.
Group Theory: concept of a group- Abelian group- The cyclic group-The group
multiplication table - Rearrangement theorem - Isomorphism and Homomorphism -
V Permutation Groups - Cayley’s Theorem - The Group of symmetry of equilateral 15
Trianglel.Group of symmetry of a square - Representation of Groups - Reducible and
irreducible Representations - Schur’s Lemma I and II - Orthogonality Theorem.
<* - Self Study>

Text Books:
1. Satya Prakash, Mathematical Physics, edition, Sultan chand & Sons, Reprint 2005. (Unit II, Unit IV,
Unit V)
2. H.K.Dass, Dr.Rama verma, Mathematical Physics, 7th revised edition, S Chand & company Ltd, 2014.
(Unit I, Unit III)
Reference Books:
1. B.D.Gupta, Mathematical Physics, 4th edition,Vikas Publishing house (P) Ltd, Reprint 2013.
2. B.S. Rajput - Mathematical Physics, 28th edition, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Reprint 2016.
3. A.W. Joshi, Matrices and Tensors in Physics, 3rd edition, New Age international (P) Ltd, 2005.
4. K.F. Riley and M.P. Hobson, Essential Mathematical methods for Physical sciences, Cambridge
University Press, 2011.
5. P.K. Patra, R.K. Thapa, Group Theory and its Applications, Narosa Publishing House (P) Ltd.
E-references:
1. https://nptel.ac.in>courses
2. https://math.mit.edu/~gs/linearalgebra/ila0601.pdf
3. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HermitePolynomial.html
Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes
PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S H S S M
CO2 S S S S S
CO3 S H H S H
CO4 S S H S H
CO5 M S M S H
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium

16
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH06 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Semester: II
Total Hours: 75 Electromagnetic Theory and Electrodynamics
Credits: 5.0
Course Objective
The course aims
 To gain higher level knowledge and understanding of Electromagnetic Theory.
 To understand the role of Maxwell’s equations and other related mathematical concepts to
explain thevarious phenomena in Electromagnetism.
 To learn the basics of Relativistic Electrodynamics.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
CO1 Acquire knowledge and understand the concepts in Electrostatics and
Magnetostatics.
Understand the physical significance of Maxwell’s equations and behaviours of
CO2
electromagnetic fields.
K1-K5
CO3 Analyze the properties and effects of electromagnetic waves in material media.
CO4 Grasp the ideas of origin of electromagnetic radiation.
CO5 Gain knowledge about relativistic electrodynamics.


K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 – Evaluate

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Electrostatics: Coulomb’s law - Electric field - Electric intensity - Electric potential- Gauss
law(div E) - Poisson’s equation-Laplace equation - Application of Gauss law - Field due
to an infinite, straight charged wire - Electric displacement vector D - The curl of E -
Dielectric and its polarization - Electric susceptibility and dielectric constants – Method of
images - Application: Point charge near an infinite grounded conducting plane -
I Electrostatic energy. 15
Magnetostatics: Ampere’s law of force - Biot-Savart law - Applications: Magnet field due
to a long straight wire and circular coil - Divergence of B - Ampere’s circuital law(curl E)
- Applications: Magnetic field due to a long straight wire, solenoid and toroid - Magnetic
scalar potential - Magnetic vector potential *.
Field Equations and Conservation Laws: Equation of continuity - Displacement current
- Maxwell’s equations - Physical significance - Poynting theorem - Poynting vector –
II 15
Electromagnetic potentials A and  - Maxwell’s equations in terms of electromagnetic
potentials – Concept of gauge – Lorentz gauge – Coulomb gauge.
Plane Electromagnetic Waves and Propagation: Electromagnetic waves in free space -
electromagnetic waves in matter: Isotropic dielectric, Anisotropic dielectric and
Conducting media.
Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves with matter on Macroscopic Scale &
III 15
Microscopic Scale: Boundary conditions - Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic
waves- Fresnel formulae - Brewster’s law and polarization of electromagnetic waves - Total
internal reflection and critical angle - Scattering and Scattering parameters - Scattering by
free electron (Thomson Scattering).
17
 The Fields of Moving Charges and Radiations: Retarded potentials - Lienard - Wiechert
potentials - Field of a point charge in uniform rectilinear motion - Radiation from an
accelerated charged particle at low velocity (Larmor formula) - Radiation from an
IV accelerated charged particle at high velocity. 15
Radiating System: Oscillating electric dipole - Radiation from an oscillating dipole -
Radiation from a small current element.
Relativistic Electrodynamics: Four Vectors and Tensors - Transformation equations for
charge density  and current density J - Transformation equations for A and φ* - The
V Electromagnetic field tensor - Transformation equations for field vectors E and B - 15
Covariance of Maxwell equations in terms of 4-vectors - Covariance of Maxwell equations
in 4 tensor forms.
<* - Self Study>

Text Books:

1. Chopra & Agrawal , Electromagnetic Theory ,6th edition, K Nath & Co, Meerut 2017.

Reference Books:
1. Satya Prakash, Electromagnetic Theory and Electrodynamics, Kedar Nath, Ram Nath & Co. 2019.
2. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd edition, Prentice-Hall of India
PrivateLimited,2006.
3. Gupta, Kumar, Singh, Electrodynamics, 16nth edition Pragati Prakashan, Meerut 2001.
4. Saroj K.Dash, Smruti R.Khunta, Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Theory, 2nd edition, PHI
Learning
(P) Ltd, 2011.
5. S.N.Ghosh, Electromagnetic theory & wave propogation, 2nd edition, Narosa Publishing house
Reprint2008.
E-references:
1. http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/visualizations/coursenotes/modules/guide13.pdf
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115101005
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WUDdTebEDY
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_8MqNlNhtA
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hg_IkX0toi0
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLiIl2NBfQk
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NED2Cl8u9Q0
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMpoamNGceM
Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes
PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S S H S S
CO2 S S S H S
CO3 S H M S H
CO4 S S H M S
CO5 H H S S S
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium

18
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH07 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Semester: II
Total Hours: 75 Modern Optics
Credits: 5.0

Course Objective
The course aims
 To know the phenomena of propogation and nature of light, coherence and interference.
 To explore the basic principles involved in magneto optic, electro optic and Nonlinear optical effects.
 To understand the concept of optical fibers and attain relevant information about its fabrication.

Course Outcomes (CO)

On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
CO1 Obtain fundamental knowledge about propagation and nature of light.
CO2 Indepth understanding of Interference with emphasis on practical applications.

K1- K4 CO3 Understand about Magneto optic, Electro optic and Non linear optic effects.
Attain appropriate information about fabrication of optical fibers by various
CO4
processes and the types of optical couplers.
Have excellent understanding about diverse fiber optic sensors and their
CO5

application in medical field.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Propogation and Nature of Light: Electrical constants and speed of light – Plane harmonic
waves: Phase Velocity- Group Velocity - The Doppler effect- Energy Flow: The pointing
I Vector - Linear Polarization – Circular and elliptic polarization - Matrix Representation of 15
Polarization: Jones Calculus - Reflection and Refraction at a plane Boundary - Amplitudes
of reflected and Refracted waves - Brewster angle.
Coherence and Interference: Theory of Partial Coherence: Visibility of fringes - Coherent
Time and Coherent Length – Spectral resolution of a finite wave train: coherence and line
II width- Spatial Coherence – Intensity interferometry - Fourier Transform Spectroscopy - 15
Interference with multiple beam - Theory of Multilayer films.
Magneto optic and Electro optic effects: Optical activity – Susceptibility tensor of an
optically active medium – Faraday rotation on solids – Kerr electro optic effect – The
Cotton Mouton effect – The Pockels effect.
III 15
Nonlinear Optics: Harmonic generation – Second harmonic generation – Phase matching
– Third harmonic generation – Optical Mixing – Parametric generation of light – Self
focusing of light.
Fiber Fabrication: Classification of fiber fabrication techniques – External chemical vapor
deposition (External CVD) – Axial vapor deposition (AVD) – Internal chemical vapor
deposition – Multielement Glasses – Phasil system.
IV 15
Optical Couplers: Types of optical couplers – Directional coupler using four grin rod
collimating lenses attached to the fiber – Other directional couplers – Star couplers – T
couplers.

19
 Fiber Optic Sensors: Fiber optic sensors – Intensity modulated sensors – Microbend strain
intensity modulated sensor – Liquid level type hybrid sensor – Internal effect intensity
modulated sensor – Phase sensor – Diffraction grating sensors – Sensors using single mode
V fiber – Interferrometric sensors - Interferrometric pressure sensor - Interferrometric 15
temperature sensor – distributed fiber optic sensors – polarization problem in
Interferrometric sensors using single mode fiber – Medical applications of fiber sensor –
Fabry perot fiber optic sensor –Military and aerospace applications of fiber*.
<* - Self Study>
Text Books:
1. Grant R.Fowles, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Introduction to Modern Optics, Dover Publications, Inc.,
New York, 1975 (Unit I, Unit II, Unit III).
2. B.B.Laud, Laser and Nonlinear Optics, 2nd edition, New age international, 2008 (Unit III).
3. Subir kumar sarkar, Optical Fibers and fiber optic communication systems, S Chand and Co., 2010
(Unit IV, Unit V).
Reference Books:
1. A.B.Gupta, Modern Optics, 3rd edition, Arunabha Sen Books & Allied (P) Ltd, Kolkata, 2012.
2. N.Subrahmanyam Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu, A Text Book of Optics, S.Chand Publishers, 2006.
3. G.D.Barugh, Essential of Laser and Nonlinear Optics, Pragati Prakasan Meerut, 2000.
4. John M.Senoir, Optical Fiber Communications, 3rd edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2010.
E-references:
1. https://wiki.metropolia.fi/display/Physics/Coherence+and+Interference
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115101008/17
3. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc18_ee28/preview

Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes

PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S S H H S
CO2 S S M H S
CO3 H S M S H
CO4 S H S S S
CO5 H H H S M
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium

20
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH08 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Elective - I: Semester: II
Total Hours: 75
Thin Film Physics & Nano Science Credits: 5.0

Course Objective
The course aims

 To understand fundamental aspects of thin film hardness, toughness, adhesion and functionality.
 Insight into the materials, fabrication and other experimental techniques that can be used on the
nanoscale as well as their limitations.
 To promote the development of nanotechnology products and processes that help to solve health and
environmental problems.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
Gain knowledge about nature and preparation of thin film and thickness
CO1
measuring methods.
CO2 Understanding the stages of thin films and crystal growth, Defects.
Get a clear view about Bottom – up and Top – down techniques, nanomaterials
K1-K4 CO3
and nanotubes.
Know about nanowires, preparation techniques and application of
CO4
nanomaterials.
Have the awareness of morphology and a application of thin film and
CO5

nanotechnology.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Preparation of Thin film: Nature of thin film - Deposition Technology - Distribution of
Deposit - Thermal Deposition in Vacuo -Resistance heating: Thermal Evaporation -
I Flash Evaporation - Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD): Thermal Decomposition or 15
Pyrolysis - Vapour phase reaction - Vapour Transporation method - Disproportionation
method -Mass methods: Microbalance Technique- Crystal oscillator-Optical method:
Photometric - Ellipsometry - Interferometry - Substrate cleaning.
Film growth - Incorporation of defects, Impurities etc, in film - Deposition parameters
II and grain size - Epitaxy - Thin film structure - Substrate effect - Epitaxial deposit - Phase 15
transition - Dissociation - Film thickness effect -Crystal Growth process: Nucleation
stage- Epitaxial stage- Intermediate stage -Finalstage*.
Basic idea of Nanotechnology -Techinques used in Nanotechnology – Bottom – up
techniques –Top – down – Techinques: Electron beam lithography (EBL) – Dip pen
nano lithography (DPN) – Nano imprint lithography (NIL) – UV imprint and EUV
III lithography. 15
Nanomaterials - Properties of Nanomaterials - carbon nanomaterials- Graphite- Carbon
nanocones- Fullerenes - Introduction of Nanotubes: types of nanotubes - properties of
carbon nanotubes – Industrial application for Carbon Nanotubes.

21
 Nanowires: Types of nanowires - properties of nanowires- Production of nanowires-
Structure of nanowires- Use of nanowires. Quantum wells, wires and dots – Prepration of
Quantum nanostrcture.
IV 15
Methods of Synthesis: RF plama – Chemical methods – Thermolysis – pulsed laser
methods – Sol gel method - surface structure - potential risks of nanotechnology - Health
& environmental impact of nanoparticles & nanomaterials.
Characterization Techniques and Applications:
Electron diffraction technique: High energy electron diffraction - Low energy electron
diffraction – Electron microscopy - Scanning electron microscopy - FE-SEM-Field ion
Microscopy - Transmission Electron Microscopy - X ray photoelectron spectroscopy -
V Mass spectroscopy. 15
Applications of Thin Films: Discrete passive component- Thermistor, Varistor, Strain
Gauge Element- Microelectronics, Integrated circuits and other applications -
Applications of nanotechnology: plastic solar cells - carbon nanotubes in solar cells -
fuel cell electrodes – nanotechnology in textile developments - smart materials - Nano
computers quantum computers.
<* - Self Study>
Text Books:
1. A.Goswami, Thin film fundamentals, New age international (P) Ltd, - New Delhi – 1996 (Unit I, II &
V)
2. Manasi Karkaie, Nanotechnology Fundamentals and Application, I. K International Publishing House
(P) Ltd, - New Delhi - 2008 (Unit III, IV & V)
Reference Books:
1. Charles P. Poole Jr. and Frank J.Owens, Introduction to Nanotechnology, A John Wiley & Sons, Inc,
Publications - New Jersey - 2003.
E-references:
1. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fac1/91c1fa2e11ff2dd5367c02b88e65fda25011.pdf
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/103103033/module9/lecture1.pdf

Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes

PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S S H H S
CO2 H S M M H
CO3 S S S S S
CO4 H S H S S
CO5 M S S S M
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium

22
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PHPA Course Title: Batch: 2022
Practical - I: Semester: II
Total Hours: 120
General Experiments Credits: 4.0

Course Objective
The course aims
 To learn some basic experimental techniques.
 To verify some fundamental laws of physics and to measure different physical quantities.

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours

Any Twelve Experiments:

1. Young’s Modulus - Elliptical Fringes by Cornu’s Method
2. Young’s Modulus - Hyperbolic Fringes by Cornu’s Method
3. Viscosity of liquids – Mayer’s Disc Method
4. Thermal Conductivity – Forbe’s Method
5. Copper Arc Spectrum - Constant Deviation Spectrograph
6. Iron Arc Spectrum - Constant Deviation Spectrograph
7. Determination of specific charge ‘e/m’ - Thomson’s Method
8. Temperature Co-efficient and Band gap energy of a Thermistor
9. Specific Rotatory Power of liquids - Polarimeter
10. Determination of λ and d λ of Sodium Light - Fabry -Perot Interferometer 120
11. Determination of Planck’s Constant
12. Study of Laser Beam parameters
13. Laser Diffraction at a Circular Aperture
14. Characteristics of Geiger-Muller Counter
15. Determination of Dipole moment for various Liquids
16. Determination of dielectric constant of a liquid by RF oscillator method
17. Determination of coefficient of coupling of AC bridge method
18. Determination of λ and μ using Fresnel Bi-prism
19. Charge of an electron using spectrometer
20. Determination of optical absorption co–efficient and refractive index using He –
NeLaser
21. Groove spacing of a Compact Disc (CD) using reflection grating

23
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PHPB Course Title: Batch: 2022
Practical - II: Semester: II
Total Hours: 120
Electronics Experiments Credits: 4.0

Course Objective
The course aims
 To construct different electronic circuits using Op Amp.
 To study the characteristics of FET, SCR and UJT Relaxation Oscillator.
 To construct Monostable, Astable and Linear Oscillator. Also study its output response.
 To design and construct Analog and Digital circuits using IC’s

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Any Twelve Experiments:
1. Construction of IC Regulated Dual Power Supply
2. Parameters of Op-Amp
3. Adder, Subtractor and Averaging Amplifier-Op-Amp
4. Sign changer, Scale changer and Volage follower - Op-Amp
5. Active Filters - Op-Amp
6. Differential Amplifier and Comparator - Op-Amp
7. Wein bridge oscillator - Op-Amp
8. Schmitt Trigger - Op-Amp
9. Differentiator and Integrator- Op-Amp
10. Clipper and Clamper circuits - Op-Amp
11. Solving Simultaneous Equations - Op-Amp 120
12. Phase Shift oscillator - Op-Amp
13. Astable and Monostable Multivibrators - IC 555 timer
14. Characteristics of SCR
15. Characteristics of FET
16. UJT Relaxation Oscillator
17. Wave form generators – IC 8038
18. Arithmetic Operations - IC 7483
19. Parity Generator and Checker
20. K-map simplification – implementation of logic functions using basic and
universal gates by SOP & POS
21. FET Amplifier.

24
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH09 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Semester: III
Total Hours: 75 Quantum Mechanics - I
Credits: 5.0
Course Objective
The course aims
 To appreciate the development of Wave Mechanics for the description of particles.
 To understand the perturbation methods.
 To interpret the concept of Quantum theory of scattering.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to

Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
Interpret the wave function and apply operators to obtain information about
CO1
particles physical properties such as position, momentum and energy.
Apply the method of separation of variables to solve problems in more than
CO2 one dimension and to understand the role of degeneracy in the occurrence
of electron shell structure in atoms.
K1-K5 Using perturbation theory to understand micro level variations inside
CO3
quantum world.
Student solves the Time- independent Schrödinger equation as an
CO4
intermediate step to solve the Time-dependent Schrödinger equation.
The students will learn the principles Adiabatic approximation and use
CO5
these principles to explain time evaluation in simple quantum systems.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 – Evaluate
SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Operators:
Introduction- operators- Eigen values and Eigen functions-The operator formalism in
Quantum Mechanics- Hermitian operators- properties-Heisenberg’s Uncertainty
Principle.
I 15
Central Field Theory:
Central Field Approximation-Thomas-Fermi statistical model- Simple Diatomic
molecule- Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory: Hydrogen molecule ion- Valence Bond
(VB) Theory.
Application of Schröedinger Equation to Three Dimensional Problems:
The free particle -particle in a box- Free axis rigid rotator - Quantum numbers -
spherically symmetric system -The hydrogen atom (Hydrogen like atoms) -The
II normal state of hydrogen atom - Hydrogen like wave functions and their discussion - 15
Total angular momentum and spherical harmonics - Three dimensional square well
potential - Free particle in spherical polar Co-ordinates-Expansion of a plane wave in
spherical harmonics- One dimensional harmonic oscillator- Three dimensional
harmonic oscillator - Solution in spherical Co-ordinates.

25
 Time Independent Perturbation Theory and Approximate Methods:
Time independent perturbation theory for Non-degenerate levels – perturbed
harmonic oscillator - Normal helium atom - first order perturbation theory for
III 15
degenerate level - first order stark effect in Hydrogen - W.K.B approximation -
validity of W.K.B approximation - Turning points & Connection formulae - variation
method and its application to the ground state energy of the hydrogen atom.
Time Dependent Perturbation Theory:
Time dependent perturbation theory - first and second order transitions -transition to
IV continuum (Fermi Golden Rule) - Harmonic perturbation - emission and absorption 15
of radiation* - selection rules for simple harmonic oscillator - Adiabatic & sudden
perturbations Scattering by a potential & inelastic scattering- Application of Time
dependent theory of Alpha Scattering.
Quantum Theory of Scattering:
Scattering amplitude - Definitions of cross-sections: Differential scattering cross-
section- Total scattering cross-section - Scattering by spherically symmetric
V potentials: Partial wave analysis - Born approximation - validity of Born 15
Approximation - applications of Born Approximation: Scattering by square well
potential - Scattering by a screened coulomb potential- Scattering by an Exponential
potential- Scattering by a Gaussian Potential.
<* - Self Study>

Text Books:
1. SathyaPrakash, Advanced Quantum Mechanics, KedarNath & RamNath, New Delhi, Reprint (2004).
2. Gupta, Kumar & Sharma, Quantum mechanics, Jai PrakashNath& Co, Twenty fifth edition (2005).
Reference Books:
1. Ajoy Ghatak & Loganathan S, Quantum mechanics theory and applications, Rajiv macmillan, India,
fifth edition (2004).
2. G.R. Chatwal& S.K. Anand, Quantum mechanics, Himalaya Publishing House, India, third edition
(1991).
3. S.N Biswas, Quantum mechanics, Books and allied Pvt. India,Reprint (2011).
4. B.S.Rajput, Advanced quantum mechanics, PragatiPrakashan, Meerut, fifth edition (2001).
5. G.Aruldhas, Quantum mechanics, PHI learning private limited, New Delhi, Second edition (2008).
E-references:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlrunrM3osw
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOaIkIYbWoM
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kM9quINTHI
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QI21RXlCZGE
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3WtvfEdeEk
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvRzdCnsiYw
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mc7i0OeFr1Q

Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes

PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S S H S H
CO2 S H S H S
CO3 H S H S S
CO4 S H H S H
CO5 S S H S H
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium; L - Low
26
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH10 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Semester: III
Total Hours: 75 Condensed Matter Physics
Credits: 5.0
Course Objective
The course aims
 To analyse the crystal structure by X-ray diffraction.
 To impart the knowledge on free electron theory of metals.
 To understand the concepts of Superconductivity.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
Attain comprehensive knowledge about lattice parameters of unit cell through
CO1
XRD and Reciprocal lattice.
CO2 Acquire Knowledge on crystal imperfections and lattice vibrations.
K1- K5 CO3 Describe thermal, transport properties and free electron theory of metals.
Obtain depth idea on Band theory of solids, Superconductivity and BCS
CO4
theory of superconductivity.
CO5 Summarize the essential information about magnetic and dielectric materials.


K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 – Evaluate

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content Hour
s
Crystal Structure, Crystal diffraction and Reciprocal Lattice
Crystal structure – Unit cell and primitive lattice cell - Lattice planes and Miller indices –
Interplanar distance of lattice planes – density of lattice points in a lattice plane -
I Separation between lattice planes in simple, BCC and FCC lattices. 15
Experimental methods in X-ray diffraction: The Laue method - Rotating Crystal method
and Powder photographic method - Diffraction of electrons – Diffraction of neutrons.
The reciprocal lattice: Properties of reciprocal lattice - reciprocal lattice to BCC and FCC
lattice. Determination of unit cell dimensions.
Imperfections in Crystals, Lattice Vibrations and Phonons
Classification of imperfections - Point defects: Schottky Defect, Frenkel Defect, Colour
centres – Line Defects - Plastic deformation: slip and yield – Shear strength of single
crystals - Edge dislocation, Screw dislocation: Burgers vector - Stress field around
II dislocation. 15
Lattice vibrations - Wave motion of one dimensional atomic lattice - Group & Phase
velocity - Brillouin Zones - Lattice with two atoms per primitive cell - Optical properties
in the infrared.
Phonons – Momentum of phonons – Inelastic scattering of photons by long wavelength
phonons – Inelastic scattering of neutrons by phonons – local phonon model.
Thermal properties of solids, Free electron theory of metals and Transport
properties
III 15
Classical calculations of lattice specific heat – The Einstein’s theory of specific heats –
Debye’s model lattice specific heat – Modification of Debye’s theory.

27
 The free electron gas – Drude Lorentz free electron theory: Electrical conductivity –
Thermal conductivity – Widemann and Franz ratio – The Sommerfeld model.
Boltzmann transport equation – Criticism of sommerfeld’s theory – Relaxation time –
Mean free path in metals – Mathiessen’s rule –The Hall effect*.
Band theory of solids and Superconductivity
Early free electron model and origin of the energy gap – Wave equation in a periodic
potential and Bloch theorem – The Kronig – penny model – Motion of electron in one
dimensional periodic potential – Acceleration of the electron moving in the periodic lattice
IV and effective mass of the electron – Tight bonding approximation – Brillouin zones – 15
Experimental methods in Fermi surface studies: De Hass – Van Alphen effect.
Zero resistance – Critical field – Magnetic properties of Superconductors: Meissner effect,
Type I & Type II super conductors – Isotopic effect – Thermodynamic effects : Entropy,
Specific heat, thermal conductivity – London equations – BCS theory of superconductivity
– Josephson effect - Applications of superconductors: squids.
Magnetic and Dielectric properties
Magnetic susceptibility – Diamagnetism: classical theory – Classical theories of
paramagnetism: Langevin’s theory, Weiss theory – Ferromagnetism – Classical theory of
V ferromagnetism – Ferromagnetic Domains – Origin of Domains – The Domain wall – 15
Antiferromagnetism – Ferrimagnetic materials: Structure of Ferrites, Garnets.
Dielectric polarization – Local field at an atom: Dielectric constant and polarisability –
Types of polarizability – Elecrostriction and Piezoelectricity – Ferro electricity:
ferroelectric Domains – Antiferroelectric crystals.
<* - Self Study>
Text Books:
UNIT I, II, III & V
Solid State Physics – Gupta, Kumar – K. Nath & Co., Educational Publishers, Meerut, 9th revised edition.
UNIT IV
1. Solid State Physics – Gupta, Kumar – K. Nath & Co., Educational Publishers, Meerut, 9th revised
edition.
2. Solid State Physics – S. O. Pillai, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics – C. Kittel, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.
2. Fundamentals of Solid State Physics - Saxena, Gupta- Saxena, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut.
3. Introduction to Solid state physics, L Azoroff, Tata McGraw Hill publications.
4. Solid State Physics – A. J. Dekker, Macmillan India Ltd.
5. Solid state Physics, MA Wahab, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
E-references:
1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/115105099/
2. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solids/scond.html
3. http://www.supraconductivite.fr/en/index.php?p=applications-squid-josephson#supra-levitation
4. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/115106061/
Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes
PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S H S S H
CO2 S S S H S
CO3 S H S M S
CO4 S H H S S
CO5 S S H H S
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium; L – Low
28
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH11 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Semester: III
Total Hours: 75 Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy
Credits: 5.0
Course Objective
The course aims
 To determine the quantum states of a given material and can assign these states to energy Terms.
 To understand the origin of spectral lines from an excited state of matters and the concept of molecular
spectroscopy.
 To introduce the different spectroscopic instruments and its uses.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number

CO1 Resolve complexity of atomic spectra due to spin-orbit coupling and the
interpretation of term symbols.
CO2 Describe the rotational state of atoms and behavior of atoms in electric field
and its instrumentation.
K1-K5 CO3 Apply the simple harmonic oscillator to determine the vibrational spectrum of
diatomic molecules.
CO4 Understand the transitions between quantum levels of molecules and matter
induced by the inelastic scattering of light.
CO5 Analyze the methods of measurements using molecular spectroscopic

methods.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 – Evaluate
SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Atomic Spectra:
Spectra of Hydrogen atom –Vector atom model – space Quantisation - Stern – Gerlac
I Experiment- Pauli’s exclusion principle -Spectral term terminology-Coupling 15
schemes - L-S coupling- j-j coupling - Hund’s rule- Broad features of Alkali spectra
& explanation-Ritz combination principle-Absorption spectra of Alkali atoms-
Resonance line-Fine structure in Alkali spectra -Breadth of spectral lines.
Microwave spectroscopy:
Classification of molecules-Rotational spectra of rigid diatomic molecule-Intensity of
II spectral lines-Effect of Isotopic substitution-Non rigid rotator- spectrum of non rigid 15
rotator- Linear polyatomic molecule-Symmetric top molecule-Asymmetric top
molecules-Stark effect-Microwave spectrometer-Information derived from rotational
spectra-Microwave oven*.
Infrared spectroscopy:
Vibrational energy of a diatomic molecule-Vibrating diatomic molecule-Diatomic
vibrating rotator- Asymmetry of rotation –Vibration band-Rotation-vibration spectra
of polyatomic molecules-IR spectrophotometer- Instrumentation-FTIR–Applications.
III 15
Electronic spectroscopy:
Vibration coarse structure-Deslanders table –Progressions and sequences-Franck
condon principle-Rotational fine structure of electronic vibration transitions-Fortrat
diagram-Dissociation –predissociation- Photoelectron spectroscopy.

29
 Raman spectroscopy:
Raman effect – Polarizability theory – Pure rotational Raman spectra – Linear top
molecules, Asymmetric top Molecules – Vibrational Raman spectra: H2O and
IV CO2molecule – Rule of mutual exclusion - Overtone and combination vibrations – 15
Theory of Vibrational Raman spectra – Rotational fine structure - Structure
determination from Raman and IR spectroscopy – Techniques and Instrumentation of
Raman spectrometer - Near Infrared FT Raman spectroscopy.
NMR,NQR AND ESR Spectroscopy:
NMR: Principle – Experimental Techniques – Relaxation process – Bloch equations
– Chemical shift – Applications.
NQR: Principle – Experimental techniques – Transitions for axially symmetric
V system & non – axially symmetric systems – Regenerative continuous wave 15
oscillator method – Chemical bonding –Applications.
ESR: Principle – ESR spectrometer – Fine and hyperfine structure - ESR spectra of
free radicals: Radicals with one unpaired electron, CH3radical Benzene anion, C6H6,
Nitrobenzoate Di anion – Applications.
<* - Self Study>

Text Books:
1. Raj kumar, Atomic &molecular spectra, -KederNath & RamNath 7Co, Thoroughly revised edition
2007. (Unit I)
2. G.Aruldhas, Molecular Structure & Spectroscopy, Prentice – Hall of India, Pvt., 2005. (Unit
II,III,IV,V)
3. CN Banwell, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, New International Publishers, Tata McGraw
Hill Education private limited, 5th reprint 2015. (Unit II)
Reference Books:
1. H.E.White, Introduction to atomic spectra, McGraw Hills Book Company, Edition 2016.
2. Gupta kumar and Sharma, Elements of spectroscopy, Pragati prakasn, Meerut, 24th Edition 2012.
3. Gurdeep Chatwal, Spectroscopy (Atomic And molecular), Sham Anand, Himalaya publishing house,
Edition 1992.
4. B.P.Straughan and S.Walker, Spectroscopy Vol I and II, Chapman and Hall John Willey and sons
INC, Newyork Edition 1976.
E-references:
1. https://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
2. https://WWW.slideshare.net
3. http://en.m.wikipedia.org
Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes
PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S H S S H
CO2 S S S H S
CO3 S H S S S
CO4 S M H S H

CO5 S H H S M
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium; L – Low

30
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH12 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Semester: IV
Total Hours: 75 Quantum Mechanics - II
Credits: 5.0

Course Objective
The course aims
 To impart knowledge of advanced quantum mechanics for solving relevant physical problems.
 To apply the postulate of Quantum mechanics to simple physical systems and to evaluate the Eigen
values and Eigen functions of a particle.
 To appreciate the relativistic of Schröedinger’s equation and to analyse the consequence of
quantization.

Course Outcomes (CO)

On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
CO1 Relate the matrix formalism to the use of basis states and solve simple
Problems.
CO2 The students will be able to conduct angular momentum operation and
summation for orbital angular momentum and spin.
K1-K5 CO3 Attain knowledge regarding indistinguishability of particles using spin
properties.
Acquire the knowledge about Dirac’s relativistic equation for a free particle
CO4
and their fields.
Describe second quantisation and related concepts & explain the formalism
CO5
of relativistic quantum field theory.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 – Evaluate

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Matrix Formulation of Quantum theory:
Linear Vector spaces (Hilbert space) - Linear operators - form of an operator -
Column representation of the wave function - Normalization & Orthogonality of wave
I functions in matrix form - Dual space - Dirac’s bra & ket notation - change of basis, 15
unitary and similarity transformations - Schröedinger equation and the eigen value
problem - Quantum Dynamics - Schröedinger picture- Heisenberg picture- Interaction
picture- One dimensional harmonic oscillator in matrix mechanics.
Angular Momentum:
Commutation rules for angular momentum- Eigen values of Lz - generation of eigen
functions of Lz & L2 - Eigen values of the Total Angular momentum - Eigen functions
II of L2 & Lz - Angular momentum in general - Allowed values of angular momentum; 15
J- Eigen values or matrix elements of J+ and J- - matrix elements of Jx & Jy in the
representation in which J2 and Jz are diagonal -Angular momentum matrices - Addition
of angular momentum & ClebschGorden Coefficients –ClebschGorden Co-efficients
for J1 = 1 & J2 = ½.

III Identical Particles and Spin: 15

The Indistinguishability of identical particles - principle of Indistinguishability of
31
 identical particles - Exchange symmetry of wave functions: Symmetric and Anti
symmetric wave functions - Construction of Symmetric and Anti symmetric wave
functions - Distinguishability of identical particles - Pauli exclusion principle -
Collision of identical particles - Pauli spin operators.
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics:
Schröedinger’s relativistic equation (Klein Gorden equation for free particle) -
Probability and Current densities - Klein- Gorden equation in presence of
IV electromagnetic field-Application of Klein Gorden equation of Hydrogen atom - 15
Dirac’s relativistic equation for a free electron - Free particle solutions - Negative
energy states - Dirac’s equation in Electromagnetic Field - Dirac’s Equation in central
field (the electron spin) -spin orbit energy.
Quantization Field Theory:
Quantization of wave fields – Relativistic Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of a charged
V particle in an electromagnetic field-Classical Lagrangian equation - Classical 15
Hamiltonian Equation* - Quantization Field Equations - second quantization -
Quantization Schröedinger equation (Non - Relativistic case) - Creation - Destruction
and operators.
<* - Self Study>

Text Books:
1. SathyaPrakash, Advanced Quantum Mechanics, KedarNath & RamNath, New Delhi, Reprint (2004).
2. Gupta, Sharma & Kumar, Quantum mechanics, Jai PrakashNath & Co, Twenty fifth edition (2005).
Reference Books:
1. David J Griffiths, Introduction to quantum mechanics, Dorling Kindersley private limited, South Asia,
Second edition (2012).
2. Richard L. Liboff, Introductory Quantum mechanics, Pearson Education private Limited, Singapore,
Fourth edition (2005).
3. P.M. Mathews & K. Venkatesan, A text book of Quantum mechanics, Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing
Company Limited, New Delhi, first reprint (1997).
4. Mahesh C Jain, Quantum Mechanics, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, Reprint (2011).
E-references:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3ATYBGC_tY
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ROXdIoJZZQ
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-o1RWSWu2lo
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLPSxU9I-Ao
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6r9jtEPppRY&list=PLwdnzlV3ogoUfI5wrKOiYVTThdFAriFji&i
ndex=12
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGHvf9BwkDY&list=PLbMVogVj5nJQ3slQodXQ5cSEtcp4HbN
Fc
Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes
PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 H S S H S
CO2 H H H S S
CO3 S S S H H
CO4 H S H S S
CO5 S H H S H
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium; L – Low

32
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PH13 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Semester: IV
Total Hours: 75 Elective - II: Crystal Growth Techniques
Credits: 5.0

Course Objective
The course aims
 To study the nucleation process and its related equations.
 To study the different phases.
 To learn the different characterization studies.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Knowledge CO
Course Outcome
Level Number
Get necessary information on Nucleation mechanisms and different kinds of
CO1
nucleation and its related theories.
CO2 Describe kinetics of crystal growth based on various theories.
K1-K5 CO3 Acquire knowledge on Solution Growth technique and its advantages.
CO4
Obtain an idea of crystal growth from melt, vapour and gel medium.
Acquire an insight on various characterization techniques in crystals and its
CO5

applications.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understanding; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 – Evaluate

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Crystal Growth Phenomena
Introduction – Nucleation – Theories of nucleation – Classical theory of nucleation:
I Gibbs Thomson equation for vapour – Modified Thomson’s equation for melt – Gibbs 15
Thomson equation for solution – Energy of formation of a nucleus – Spherical nucleus –
Cylindrical nucleus – Heterogeneous nucleation – Cap shaped nucleus – Disc shaped
nucleus.
Kinetics of Crystal growth
II Introduction – Singular and rough faces - Models on surface roughness – The Kossel, 15
Stanski, Volmer (KSV) theory - The Burton, Cabrera and Frank (BCF) theory – BCF
theory of solution growth – Periodic Bond Chain theory.
Solution Growth
Low Temperature solution growth: Solution, Solubility and super solubility –
Expression of super saturation – methods of crystallization: crystallization by slow
cooling of solutions – crystallization by solvent evaporation – Temperature gradient
method – Crystal growth system: Constant temperature bath – Crystallizer – Filtration
III 15
assembly - Seed, seed mount plat form and crystal revolution unit – Seed preparation,
Mounting and Seasoning.
High temperature solution growth: Principles of flux growth – Practical aspects –
Choice of flux – Hydrothermal growth – Design aspects of autoclave – Low, medium,
high pressure autoclaves – High pressure – modified Bridgman autoclave.
33
 Crystal growth from the melt:
Growth from the melt – The Bridgman related techniques – Container selection –
Crystalpulling – Zone melting technique* – Skull melting process – Verneuil process.
Vapour Growth: Physical vapour deposition – Chemical Vapour deposition –
Advantages of CVD - Disadvantages of CVD – Chemical vapour transport – Definition
IV of chemical vapour transport reactions – Fundamentals of chemical vapour transport – 15
Advantages of chemical vapour transport – Limitations of chemical vapour transport.
Gel growth: Principle of gel growth – Various types of gel – Structure of gel – Growth
of crystals in gels – Importance of gel technique – Experimental procedure – Single
diffusion method – Double diffusion method – Chemical reduction method – complex –
decomposition method – Solubility reduction method.
Characterization of Crystals and applications:
V X – Ray Diffraction (XRD) – Powder and single crystal – Fourier transform Infrared 15
analysis (FTIR) – Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) – UV-Visible Spectrometer –
Photoluminescence –Vickers Micro hardness – NLO studies – Piezoelectric materials.
<* - Self Study>

Text Books:
UNIT I, II, III & IV
Crystal Growth processes and methods – Dr. P. Santhana Raghavan - Dr. P. Ramaswamy – KRV
Publications.
UNIT V
1. Characterization of Materials – P. K. Mitra, PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi.
2. Materials Science – V. Rajendran, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Williard H. H., Merritt L. L., Dean J., and Settle F. A., Instrumental Methods of Analysis , 6 th
Edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, 1986.
2. Goodman C. H. L., Crystal Growth- Theory and Techniques, Plenum Press, Pennsylvania State
University, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
3. Brice J. C., Crystal Growth Processes, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.
4. Hans J. Scheel, Peter Capper, Peter Rudolph, Crystal Growth Technology: Semiconductors and
Dielectrics, John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
5. Vere A.W., Crystal Growth, Plenum Press, 1987.
6. Heinz K. Henisch, Crystals in Gels and Liesegang Rings, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
7. Govindhan Dhanaraj, Kullaiah Byrappa, Vishwanath Prasad, Handbook of Crystal Growth, Michael
Dudley, Springer, 2010.
E-references:
1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/115101008/
2. https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/SEM.html
3. https://www.hardnesstesters.com/test-types/vickers-hardness-testing

Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes

PSO
PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S H S S H
CO2 S S S H S
CO3 S H S S S
CO4 H H H S M
CO5 S S H S S
S - Strong; H - High; M - Medium; L – Low
34
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PHPC Course Title: Batch: 2022
Practical - III : Semester: IV
Total Hours: 120
Advanced Experiments Credits: 4.0
Course Objective
The course aims
 Inculcate to operate advanced laboratory instruments.
 Understand and investigate the optical, thermal, electro-magnetic, acoustical properties of materials.
 Verify the properties of radiations emitted from radioactive elements.

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Any Twelve Experiments:
1. Susceptibility of Liquids - Quincke’s Method
2. Susceptibility of Liquids - Guoy’s Method
3. Study of HaIl Effect
4. Stefan’s Constant
5. Determination of the charge ‘e’ - Millikan’s Oil Drop Method
6. Brass Arc Spectrum - Constant Deviation Spectrograph
7. Determination of λ and dλ of Sodium Light - Michelson Interferometer
8. Compressibility of Liquids - Ultrasonic Diffraction Method
9. Determination of specific charge ‘e/m’ - Magnetron Method
10. Thickness of the wire by Air Wedge and Laser Diffraction Methods
11. Wavelength of Laser Source using Double Slit
12. Verification of Inverse Square Law - Geiger-Muller Counter 120
13. Absorption Co-efficient of Aluminium foil - Geiger-Muller Counter
14. Half Life Period of Radiation Source - Geiger-Muller Counter
15. Resistivity of semiconductor thin film - Four Probe Method
16. Determination of Wavelength of light - Hartmann’s Interpolation Formula
17. Determination of very low resistance - Kelvin’s Double bridge
18. Determination of numerical aperture of an optical fiber
19. B.H. Curve – Anchor ring
20. Study of transmission light – Optical fiber
21. Determination of Curie temperature (Tc) of the material
22. Refractive Index of Liquid – LASER
23. Verification of Beer-Lambert law
24. Verification of Richardson-Dushmann law: Thermionic work function.
25. Determination of the size of the lycopodium particles by diffraction method.

35
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Physics
Course Code: 22P3PHPD Course Title: Batch: 2022
Practical - IV : Semester: IV
Total Hours: 120
Special Electronics Experiments Credits: 4.0

Course Objective
The course aims
 To construct electrical circuits and study the characteristics of variety of electronic components.
 To expand the knowledge on applications of electronic components.
 To understand the functioning of microprocessor 8085 by executing various programmes.

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Any Twelve Experiments:

1. Simultaneous Addition and Subtraction - Op-Amp

2. Voltage to Current and Current to Voltage Converter - Op-Amp
3. Voltage to Frequency Converter - Op-Amp
4. Zero Crossing Detector, Window Detector and Time Maker Circuits - Op-
Amp
5. Instrumentation Amplifier - Op-Amp
6. A/D Converter – Op-Amp
7. D/A Converter - Op-Amp (Binary Weighted and Ladder Methods)
8. Multiplexer and Demultiplexer Circuits using IC’s
9. Study of RS, JK and D flip flops using IC’s
10. Gray Code Converter
11. Shift Register - IC 7495
12. Decade Counter – IC 7490 120
13. Four bit Binary Adder and Subtractor – IC 7483
14. Decoder and Encoder Circuits using IC’s
15. V-I Characteristics of a Solar Cell
16. Characteristics of Laser diode and Photo transistor
17. Characteristics of Tunnel diode and Gunn diode
18. Characteristics of LED and Photo diode
19. Characteristics of TRIAC
20. Microprocessor - LED interfacing
21. Microprocessor - Stepper Motor interfacing
22. Microprocessor -Traffic Control Simulation
23. Microprocessor - ADC interface Waveform Generation
24. Microprocessor - Hex Key board interfacing
25. Microprocessor - Musical Tone Generator interfacing.

36
 Question Paper Pattern
(Common for Major and Supportive Papers)

For EOS Examinations: 75 Marks (Converted into 50 Marks)

The Question Paper is to be divided into THREE Sections.
Section-A Carries 10 Marks, Section-B Carries 25 Marks and Section-C Carries 40 Marks.

Section-A Contains 10 Multiple Choice Questions. (10 x 1 = 10 Marks)

Two Questions from each unit. (Q. No: 1 to 10)

Section-B Contains 5 Either or Choice Questions. (5 x 5 = 25)

Each Question carries 5 Marks. Both (a) and (b) from the same unit.
Q. No.: 11 (a) or (b) to 15 (a) or (b)

Section-C Contains 5 Either or Choice Questions. (5 x 8 = 40)

Each Question carries 8 Marks. Both (a) and (b) from the same unit.
Q. No.: 16 (a) or (b) to 20 (a) or (b)

For CIA Examinations: 25 Marks

CIA Test I and II Question Paper Pattern: (25 Marks)

Section-A: Five Multiple Choice Questions. (5 x 1 = 5)

Section-B: Two Questions with internal choice. (either or type) (2 x 5 = 10)
Section-C: One Question with internal choice. (either or type). (1 x 10 = 10)

Components of Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

Allotment of Internal Assessment

Components Marks for a Maximum of 100
Marks (Converted into 50 Marks)
Two Tests (1 hour) [25+25=50/2] 25
Model Exam (75 Marks Converted into 50 Marks) 50
Learning by doing / Skill Development / Case Study /
10
Innovation / Assignment. (Any Two-5+5 = 10 Marks)
Seminar / Quiz / Term Paper / Composition / Field
Visit / Industrial Visit / GD / Skill / Extension 10
Activity etc. (Any Two-5 + 5 = 10 Marks)
Attendance 05
CIA Total 100

37
 Programme Code: M.Sc. Programme Title: Supportive Paper
Course Code: 22P4PH01 Course Title: Batch: 2022
Astrophysics, Laser and Semester: III
Total Hours: 60 Communication Credits: 4.0
Course Objective
The course
aims
 To gain the knowledge about solar system, Lasers.
 To understand the concept of Low temperature Physics and Modulation.
 To explore the basic principles involved in Electrostatics and Three phase generator.
 To interpret the knowledge of communication using atmospheric layers.
Course Outcomes (CO)
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able
to
Knowledge CO
Level Number Course Outcome

CO1 Learn about Solar System, Outer Planets, Milky way.

CO2 Understand the working of Laser.
K1-K5
CO3 Know the perception of Low temperature Physics.
CO4 Acquire the knowledge about Electrical charges, Electric generators.
CO5 Can get an idea about Electromagnetic Waves & Modulation.
K1-Remember; K2 -Understanding; K3- Apply; K4-Analyze; K5–Evaluate

SYLLABUS
No. of
Unit Content
Hours
Universe - Solar System:
Solar system - Rotation of planets – Atmosphere - Space exploration and search for
extra – terrestrial life – Moon – Mercury – Venus – Mars – Outer Planets – Asteroids –
Comets – Meteorites - Sun: Surface- Temperature- Composition of sun- Source of
I energy: Sun spots and Solar activities - Stars: Identification - Magnitude of stars- 15
Distance of an absolute brightness of stars - Physical properties of stars: Stellar spectra-
Interpretation of stellar spectra - Radii of stars.
Lasers:
Characteristics of laser light – basic concepts of lasers: Spontaneous emission -
II Stimulate demission – Absorption – Population inversion – Pumping – Types of lasers: 15
Rubylaser* - He – Nelaser – Argon – ionlaser – Carbondioxide laser-Applications of
laser.
Low Temperature Physics:
Change of state – Continuity of state – Critical constants – Boyletemperature –Joule
III Thomson effect- Joule Thomson porous plug experiment- Experimental results- Theory
of porous plug experiment- Relation connecting Boyle Temperature, Inversion 15
Temperature and Critical Temperature.
Liquefaction of Helium (K.Onnes method)- Helium I and Helium II- λ point- Peculiar
properties of liquid Helium.

38
 Electrostatics:
Electric charge - Duality of charge- Quantisation of charge- Conservation of charge-
Tangent Galvanometer- The Moving coil Galvanometer- Ammeter- Voltmeter- Ohm-
Meter-Avometer.
IV Electric generators: Principle of A.C generator in dynamo- Three Phase A. C generator 15
-Distribution of Three phase A.C– Three phase four wire system.
Electromagnetic Waves:
Electromagnetic waves- Ground wave propagation-Space wave (or) Tropospheric
propagation- Effect of Earth’s imperfections on space wave propagation-Effect on
V obstacles on space wave propagation- Effect of Atmosphere on space wave propagation. 15
Modulation:
Modulation-AM&FM-Demodulation-Super heterodyne Radio receiver.

<*-Self Study>

Text Books:
1. Brijlal, N.Subramaniyam, Properties of matter,-Eurasia Publishing House (Pvt) Ltd., New
Delhi, Reprint 2004. (Unit I)
2. M.R. Srinivasan, Physics for Engineers, New age international publishers, Reprint2003.(Unit II).
3. Brijlal, Dr.N.Subramaniyam, P.S. Hemne, Heat, Thermo dynamics and Statistical Physics,
S.Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, Reprint2015. (Unit III).
4. K.K. Tewari, Electricity and Magnetism, S.Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi,
Reprint1993.(Unit IV).
5. M.Narayanamurthi, Electricity and Magnetism, Triveni Publishers, Madras, First(Unit IV).
6. R.Murugeshan, Er.Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, Modern Physics, S.Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd,
New Delhi, Reprint 2013. (Unit V).
7. Ajay Sharma, Dr.R.K Sinba, Electromagnetic Waves, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Co. (Unit V).
Reference Book:
S. Ramamoorthy, S. Krishnaswamy, Electricity and Magnetism, the National Publishing Co,
Madras, Fifth edition 1970.
E-references:
1. https://www.physics-and-radio-electronics.com
2. https://www.nd-radio-electronics.com
3. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov
4. https://www.brittanica.com
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WgzynezPiyc

Mapping with Programme Specific Outcomes

PSO PSO1 PSO2 PSO3 PSO4 PSO5
CO
CO1 S H S H H
CO2 S H S H S
CO3 H S S H S
CO4 S H H S S
CO5 H H S S H
S -Strong; H-High; M-Medium

39