DATABASE KEYS

Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education
Certificate of completion
ofMicro-project assessment at the end of the Diploma programme
(By respective Head of the Department and Head of the institute)
This is certifythat Mr Noorain Don, Owais Ansari ,Mahadi Kazi

enrollment no2100020175,2100020173,2100020174,has

successfully completed Database Key (22321) micro-projects as

in the enclosed ‘Portfolio’during his/her tenure of completing

the Diploma programme in Information Technology from

M.H. SABOO SIDDIK POLYTECHNIC Institute with institute

code 0002.

Signature
Signature
Seal of institute
Head of the Department Head of the Institute

Page 1 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

PRINCIPLES OF DATABASE (22321)

MICRO- PROJECT

We the students of Second Year / 3rd Semester Information

Technology department would like to present our
MICROPROJECT on PRINCIPLES OF DATABASE
(22321).
We will be covering the topic “Database Key”for the project.

Group Members:
SR NAME ROLL NO.
NO.
1 Ansari Owais 210831
2 Kazi Mahadi 210832
3 Don Noorain 210831

As a group we learn spirituality, team-spirit and co-operation

among ourselves.We would like to thank our respected
Ms. Sameera Khan for her guidance and support for making
our project a successful one.

Page 2 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

ANJUMAN-I-ISLAM’S

M.H. SABOO SIDDIK POLYTECHNIC

8, Saboo Siddik Polytechnic Road, Mumbai-08

Introduction to Database System.

Aim: To Ensure that the topic is well understood by all the team
members, is explained well in the project and follows and satisfies the
rules and requirements set by the subject teacher.
Benefits: Helps to understand,what is a Database, its definition, its
meaning, different types of database, different types of database
system, examples of database system.

Course outcomes addressed:

o Worked in group as a team and shared responsibilities.
o Satisfied all requirements.
o Successfully understood the topic and explained it completely.
o Listed the Whole intro of different databases; its types,
their differences, their applications.
o Listed the applications and examples.
o Completed the project before date.
o Ensured information was correct.
o Good coordination among teammates.

Actualmethodologyfollowed:
I. Week 1: The teacher made a group of students and gave the micro-
project topic.

II. Week 2: The Micro-project was divided into group members.

Page 3 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

III. Week 3:The information was searched on the internet and noted.

IV. Week 4:The memberscollected information and compiled it.

V. Week 5:The Report was being made.

VI. Week 6:The report was completed

VII. Week 7:The Project & report was submitted to the teacher.

ACTION PLAN
Sr. Details of Activities Planned Start Planned Finish Name of responsible
No Date Date team members
1. Project overview and 15thOctober 23thOctober Noorain,
planning
2. Programme and report 17th October 28thOctoberr , Mahadi
editing
3. Finalizing report and 29thOctober 4thNovember Owais
presentation planning
4. Report was completed 20th November 4th December Noorain,Owais,Mahadi

Page 4 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

Introduction to Database Key

Keys are very important part of Relational database. They are used to establish and
identify relations tables. A key in DBMS is an attribute or a set of attributes that help
to uniquely identify a tuple (or row) in a relation (or table). Keys are also used to
establish relationships between the different tables and columns of a relational
database. Individual values in a key are called key values.

Type of Database Key

There are broadly four types of keys in DBMS. All these types of keys in SQL must
be implemented appropriately for the relevant database to negate redundancy. Correct
identification will lead to database accuracy, improving results in a limited time. Let’s
explore these DBMS keys to learn more about what are keys in SQL.

 Super Key
 Candidate Key
 Primary Key
 Foreign Key

Super Key

Super Key is defined as a set of attributes within a table that uniquely

identifies each record within a table.

Candidate Key

A Candidate Key is a set of one or more fields/columns that can identify

a record uniquely in a table.

Page 5 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

Primary Key
Primary Keyis a one fields/columns of a table that uniquely identify a record in
database table.
Foreign Key
Primary Key of one table become a attributes of another table is called Foreign Key.
Super Key

 Super Key is defined as a set of attributes within a table that uniquely identifies
each record within a table.

 A combination of one or more columns in a table which can be used to identify a

record in a table uniquely, a table can have any number of super keys.

 Primary key, Unique key, Alternate key, Candidate Key are subset of Super Keys.

 The Primary Key of a table is picked from the super key set to be made the table’s
identity attribute.

Customer

Example:
In the Customer table Cust_ID, Cust_name,Cust_street ,Cust_city, and account_no are Super key.
Customer{ Cust_ID,Cust_name,Cust_street,Cust_city, account_no}

Page 6 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

Candidate Key

 A Candidate Key is a set of one or more fields/columns that can identify a record
uniquely in a table.
 Candidate keys are defined as the set of fields from which primary key can be
selected. There can be multiple Candidate Keys in one table.
 There can be more candidate keys than just one for any table, but they can never
be empty.
 Every candidate key carries unique information and value. Besides these
characteristics, a combination of attributes also works as a set of candidate keys.
 There can be more than one candidate keys in a table.
 Candidate Key are subset of Super Keys.

Customer

Example:
In Customer table Cust_ID,Cust_name,Cust_city ,account_no are Candidate Key.
Customer{ Cust_ID,Cust_name,Cust_city, account_no}

Page 7 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

Primary Key
 Primary key is a one fields/columns of a table that uniquely identify a record in
database table.

 It can not accept null, duplicate values.

 Only one Candidate Key can be Primary Key.

 Primary key that uniquely identify each record in a table.

 Every value of the primary key must be different with no repetitions. Amid many
details, a primary key is the most significant one to understand what are keys and
what is primary key in DBMS.

 One table can have only one primary key constraint. Any value in the primary key
cannot be changed by any foreign keys (explained below) which refer to it.

Customer

Example:
In Customer table Cust_ID is Primary Key.
Customer{ Cust_ID},

Page 8 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

Composite Key / Compound Key

 Composite Key that consists of two or more attributes that uniquely identify an
entity is called a Composite key.

 A composite Key is a set of two or more attributes that help identify each tuple in a
table uniquely.
 The attributes in the set may not be unique when considered separately.

 However, when taken all together, they will ensure uniqueness. The
concatenated key’ is another name for a composite key.

Customer

Example:
In Customer table Cust_ID and account_no are is Composite Key.
Customer{ Cust_ID,account_no

Page 9 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

Foreign Key
 Foreign key represents relationship between tables.

 A Foreign key is a column(or a group of columns) whose values are derived from
the ‘Primary Key’ of other table.

 One or more columns can be defined as Foreign key.

 Foreign keys help to maintain data and referential integrity.

 Foreign keys are essential for maintaining a difference between two entities that
might be linked with the same information but do not share similar information.

 In such cases, the tables are linked to maintaining a connection but do not entirely
work as a replacement for each other.

 For instance, any individual working for the marketing department might have
marketing department information in its employee table, but that does not mean
the table can be similar to the department table held by the marketing department.

Page 10 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

Customer

Account

Example:
We can have account_no column in the Customer table which is pointing to account_no column in a
account table where it a primary key.

Page 11 of 12
 DATABASE KEYS

Resources used:

Sr. Name of Resource / Specifications Qty Remarks

No Material
1 Internet Educational 6 -
websites
2 Lecture notes Ppt’s 1 -

3 Laptop Basic configuration 1 -

4 Application MS Word - -

Summary of the Microproject

 to as key A key refers to an attribute/a set of attributes that help us identify a
row (or tuple) uniquely in a table (or relation).
 A key is also used when we want to establish relationships between the
different columns and tables of a relational database.
 The individual values present in a key are commonly referred values.

THANK YOU!!!!!!!

Page 12 of 12