Electrical Engineering

COMSATS Institute of
Department
Information Technology
February, 2018

Power System Protection

Course code: EEE485 (3)

Prerequisites:
Prerequisites: High Voltage Engineering(EEE484)
Co requisites: Power System Analysis(EEE486), Electric Circuit Analysis II(EEE 222)

Course Instructor: Engr Jamil Ahmad Khan

E-mail: jamilahmad @ciit.net.pk
Office: F-Block, Room 12

Course Catalog Description:

The course brings into the light students with the basic concepts of power system protection, fault
statistics, devices, fault characteristics of individual power system elements. CT and PT (instrument
transformers) construction and principles, Fuses (construction, operation and applications),
protection relays (construction, principles, tripping characteristics, applications), protection of
transmission lines, generator, transformers, bus bars, induction motors and feeders.
Textbook(s):
1) Fundamentals of power system protection by Y.G.Paithankar and S.R.Bhide
2) Power system protection and switchgear by Badri Ram and DN Vishwakarma

Reference Books
1) Power System Protection and switchgear by B.Ravindranath.M.Chander
2) Electrical Power System Protection by C.Christopoulos and A. Wright
3) Power System Protection: Static Relays by T S Madhav Rao, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2nd edition.
4) Art & Science of Protective Relaying by C R Mason Wiley Eastern Ltd.

Course Learning Objective:

This course introduces the students to power system protection devices (fuses, relays), fault
characteristics of transformer, feeders, generators, transmission lines, motors. To introduce the entire
spectrum of relays from electromechanical to the digital relays. It is therefore necessary that
students should be equipped with sound concepts of power system protection to enable them to
handle complicated problems related to power system protection in the practical field.
Course Learning Outcomes:

After successfully completing this course, the students will be able to:

1) Explain the basic power system protection requirements, qualities of a power system protection.
(C2-PLO1).
2) Describe the instrument transformer applications to practical power system protection (C1-
PLO2).
3) Apply the operating principles of fuses to most practical projects (C3-PLO2).
4) Apply the relay characteristics to different protection schemes and equipments (C3-PLO2).
5) Explain the techniques and procedures to protect the power system equipments under different
faults applications (C2-PLO2).
6) Compare the different protection schemes and understand the application of most effective
scheme for power system protection. (C4-PLO2).
7) Apply ETAP/PSCAD/MATLAB design and simulation tool for basic manipulation of power
system protection relaying applications. (C3-PLO5).

Learning Outcomes Assessment Plan:

Sr. # Course Learning Outcomes Assessment
1. 1 Assignment 1
2. 1 Quiz 1
3. 1-2 Sessional 1
4. 2 Assignment 2
5. 2 Quiz 2
6. 3 Assignment 3
7. 3 Quiz 3
8. 3,4 Sessional 2
9. 4 Assignment 4
10. 4 Quiz 4
11. 4,5 Terminal

Course Learning Outcomes mapped to Standard Program Learning Outcomes:

PLO 10

PLO 11

PLO 12

PLOs
PLO 1

PLO 2

PLO 3

PLO 4

PLO 5

PLO 6

PLO 7

PLO 8

PLO 9

CLOs
CLO 1 C2
CLO 2 C1
CLO 3 C3
CLO 4 C3
CLO 5 C2
CLO 6 C4
CLO 7 C3
Assessment Plan:

Theory Quizzes (4) 15%

Homework assignments 10%
2 Sessional exams (in class, 60-80 minutes each, 25%
(10%+15%)
Terminal exam (3 hours) 50%
Total (theory) 100%

PLO Coverage Explanation:

PLO 1 - Engineering Knowledge:
Expertise in analyzing basic operating principles by using fundamental knowledge required for any
career in electrical engineering. The mathematical background of the course includes elementary
electromagnetic, integration, differentiation, signal analysis and complex numbers. The homework,
exams, require direct application of mathematics and engineering knowledge to successfully
complete the course.
PLO 2 - Problem Analysis:
Students learn how fundamental mathematical concepts are used to derive the equations and
application of these equations to different protection relays. They learn how to use these relays for
different protection schemes applied in power system.
PLO 5 - Modern Tool Usage:
PLO 3, 4, 6 - 12: These PLOs are not directly addressed in this course.
Course Outline and Contents:

Introduction, Faults and abnormal operating conditions. A protection system and its
attributes System transducers. Various power system elements that need protection. Week 1
Various principles of power system protection.
CT and PT, Introduction, CT construction, Measurement CT and protection CT
Steady state ratio and phase angle errors, Transient errors in CT, Saturation of CT Week 2
PT construction, PT accuracy classification, PT types and applications
Week 3
➢ CT accuracy
FUSES, classification
Construction, Types of fuses, Characteristics of fuses, Low voltage and
➢
high voltage fuses, Application of HRC fuses, Fuse terminology Week 4
PROTECTIVE RELAYS, Introduction, Thermal relays, Over current relays (classification
and characteristics), Induction relays construction, characteristics and application, Week 5
Application of DTOC relays for protection of distribution feeder
Application of IDMT relay on a distribution feeder, Choice between IDMT and DTOC
relays, Directional over current relays, construction and operation, Draw backs of over Week 6
current relays
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION, Introduction, Simple differential protection, Zones of
protection of the differential relay, Actual behavior of a simple differential scheme, Week 7
Percentage differential relay, Transformer protection,

Types of transformer, T types of faults in transformer, over current protection, Percentage

differential protection of transformer, Inrush phenomena, Inter turn faults in transformer, Week 8
Incipient faults in transformer, Over fluxing protection of transformer

BUS BAR PROTECTION, Introduction, Differential protection of bus bars

External and internal faults, Actual behavior of a protection CT, Circuit model of saturated Week 9
CT, External faults with one CT saturated, Protection of three phase bus bars

GENERATOR PROTECTION, Introduction, Various faults and operating conditions Rotor Week 10
faults, abnormal operating conditions,
Generator unbalanced loading, over speeding, loss of excitation, loss of prime mover Week 11

INDUCTION MOTOR PROTECTION, Week 11

introduction, various faults and abnormal operating conditions, starting current, electrical
faults, Abnormal operating conditions from supply side, single phasing, abnormal operating Week 12
conditions from mechanical side,
Application examples of protection of induction motor, Data required for designing motor Week 13
protection schemes.
DISTANCE PROTECTION OF TRANSMISSION LINES,
drawback of over current protection, introduction to distance protection, simple impedance
relay, reactance relay, Week 14
Mho relay, Three stepped distance protection, Comparison between distance relays.
Introduction to microprocessor based relays Week 15

Revision and conclusion Week 16

Subject: Power System Protection Spring - 2018

 Mapping Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) to Program Learning Outcomes
(PLOs):

PLO 1 Engineering Knowledge: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
PLO 2 Problem Analysis: An ability to identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles
of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.
PLO 3 Design/Development of Solutions: An ability to design solutions for complex
engineering problems and design systems, components or processes that meet specified
needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
PLO 4 Investigation: An ability to investigate complex engineering problems in a
methodical way including literature survey, design and conduct of experiments,
analysis and interpretation of experimental data, and synthesis of information to derive
valid conclusions.
PLO 5 Modern Tool Usage: An ability to create, select and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modeling, to
complex engineering activities, with an understanding of the limitations.
PLO 6 The Engineer and Society: An ability to apply reasoning informed by contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice and solution to complex
engineering problems.
PLO 7 Environment and Sustainability: An ability to understand the impact of professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts and demonstrate
knowledge of and need for sustainable development.
PLO 8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of engineering practice.
PLO 9 Individual and Team Work: An ability to work effectively, as an individual or in a team,
on multifaceted and /or multidisciplinary settings.
PLO 10 Communication: An ability to communicate effectively, orally as well as in writing, on
complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large,
such as being able to comprehend a n d write effective reports an d design
documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear
instructions.
PLO 11 Project M a n a g e m e n t : An a b i l i t y to d e m o n s t r a t e management skills and
apply engineering principles to one’s own work, as a member and/or leader in a team,
to manage projects in a multidisciplinary environment.
PLO 12 Lifelong Learning: An ability to recognize importance of, and pursue lifelong learning
in the broader context of innovation and technological developments.

Subject: Power System Protection Spring - 2018