Chapten METALS and NON-METALS

MoSt metals DCUn in nati as mineralL

Minenal depoaita Lom which m e t a l con)
be phoduced economucally a e called

Ones.

. ORE
Metal mpuutw
Contaiig
munal Gronque
Matal ne fonmula
Alwminiwm Bauxte Al203 H,0
Chomium Chaomde Fe Cr04
Coppeh Chal copurute Cu FeS2
Inon Hematite Fe203
Lead Galena PbS
Manganede Pyrouside MnO2
Mercn Cnnaban HgS
Tin Casaiterute Sn 02
Tfanum Ruitile TIO2
ILmente FeTi O3
inc Sphalerte ZnS
The S-Block melals OCCUr as chloides,
silicates, and Cabonates.
(1t,and 2nd group elementa).

.Lithunm> Silatea
Berrylium^ Slicates
Sodium Chloride
Magneswm^ Caabonaleu
Potassium (hlouides
Calcium Canbonalu
Rubidium> Siliates
Shontium ^ Canbenate
Caesium Silates
Baium Canbonates
J0f

The d and p -block metals ane ound au 3 CXLde&

B metals,
Sulphide excopt or thegoup
whuch ocLn as pho.sphates nd the
platanum- buup metals and geld which
ocun

in uncambiried. om.

3c (Scanduum) > Phosphat

Y Ytium)- > Phosphat
Lu Pho@phales
483
T (Titarum) Oxde V (Vavnadium) 0xides
K (Zirconuum) Oxide Nb Oxde
Hf 0xidesTa Oxide

TB
Cr Oides Mn 0xudes
Mo >Sulphide Te(Technelium)
W 0xides Re Qides

8B
Fe (Sron)> 0udes o(Cobalt)>Sulphides Ni(Nickel)- Sulphides
Ru Free metalRh Fvee meols Pd free métals
DA Fre metal Ir Free metalsP free mtal

28
u ulphudes Zn(Zinc Sulyhides
Ag Sulpmdes Ca Ccadmiwm)> Sulprudes
Au free metal Hg(Meruy) dulphides

AL 0xide
Gro Aulphide Sn Oxides BiAulphidu
CnAulohides Pb ulphides
Auhids
 NOTE Snena. ia no unenal dowCL o
Technetium, a adioau
elemort. that iu made in nudean
Aeastena.
Techneium
huducal Dhopetus.o

Matal n thei pwte state. hae a Shny

tac
(Metalli usne).
Metols au qunenallyhad} Handnes vanies hotm
mutalto metalL
Seme matols con bu baaten ito hin sheat 7his
hopexty Called malleobiltty. Gad ond
SUver Oe. most maleable motals.

Abulty smatalu_o k dnaum into thin wwes

iColled ldudilit
Goldl u the meut ductle mdul
g. awie 2. km length can be dhaun hom
G. gnovm o9old:
Marals e od Condudtors o{Heat
Metal ax qood ondudou ohElehatihy
Sonoh: th metals that pndute aSound (inging
dound) n hitting. Hand duwlac
He Said to be SOnao:

t , we cOMet soup elementabased on

tha phicad Popestie olone, ad
hene. ane many Kcapio:

1 Hg (Mehcuw Jiquid) at hoom tmpeaatune.

2-yallium and Caesiuum have vry ous
U
melting bLnt

Sodie iu nen-mutal,but it i lustwreu.

4.Caxbon) is a non -metal that can ext an
dilwnt plm(Allotuophe)
5Alkal mgalu (Li, Na,k) ate A0 selt that hs
COn beCut wwth a kiüle
 NOTE

lements cOn be mone enail dasslied. a

metals Qnd Non-utalu On he baoi
etheu CheualL_propeoituy.
Beat Conduter ek heat Silver (Ag)ond pper (
Poor
Poor Condutor e heat :lead P) ond Hg
(met&l) menWy

Chermical opethes

whon metoll bunt in tre Au

Metod +O,0ygen Metal ede

for exanmples
2 02 2 Cud
4A + 30, 2AA,0
metallic oudes ae (baac) and the
non
metalli ar d a acidc)
 Amphoteic 0xides
Some metallie OLdeLke Al2Os and Kn0
etc how oth aidic uucll
baaic PAopextieA
04 bou twth acid)
Al03 +6HC 2 ALU3 t 3 H,0
(Base (acidic) (Aalt)
a n aud (wdh base)
AR203 + 2NaOH 2NaAR O2 + H,0
(acidiy (Baue) ( Sodluium
Alwmunate)

Na, 0[s) t H,0()- 2 NaOH ag)

(Stuonq
bas) Soluble
n
k0(+H,o () 2 KoH
waten
(alkali)
AU medal donet uact wth rygn at the
dame hale

o AHonont metals ahaw dlonunt eactavtues towards

0
 FOY exarple i

k and Na (sodiuwm) neact vigounbudls in

An the
the
potansium) phese
theelee, thuyaL kept n the kehosne sil

Mg, AL, n, Pb, et. have a thun layr omed ch

the metal unta0.

Metoal -0de tayr

(ory doeanot hurn sn heating n ai but

Jen llungs bunn vmgon8LAy.
7
Coppen doesn't huan but the hotal metal
coated with black Cu0 oide.

Ag Aulver)and u (Lyeld) danot ent_wth gn

Wn at high temperatue.

Note
aha budcal atate of metal con also vary the
Jate eaction e the mtal , it, 'pouwdend
oum orJoid kom.
 Hnoduug
Anoduu u a pocee 4orriunga thick
0XLde
Alumuuwm
alminL
aluwmunuum
developsa thun xide layr
0xide
when LxpoLed to a.dhiu alumùium
lau 0xide
Coat makes it hesistant to urthu CONOSuoN.
dhe neuistante can be mponelJuthor by
making the oxide layen thicker
Sunund ano dsing , a dean alumuwmn wtide
made he anode and
the elednolyaed
ilh diuted_Aulphuic aud. he oyqon gas
eNDlued at the anode Niacu wth
aluminum o make a thidker photucve ude
Layer. dhu oide louor Can be duyed easily
to quwe_alumuwm anticdee an att aetiue0
Awih.

Acid
elenolyle
Anode
(the job)
Cathode- Cabhode

Anodavg
 whal happru wan motala ead wth
Uater

tue can check the Aeactunty o a metal by

Juactung it wth eithor Oceld
watur, het watr er stearn.

a melal ada wth cold watn, thon i ey

heacue
a mutal doeont Arad wth celd naon we wl
y to uad t with het Wat. this AheA
that th matal t net so vey Aeacive.
Avud 9the metol connet Jund with0 celd or hot
waton , hon_we wll us team. H he matal
Macu with steam, then it iu e slesA Aeacive

Metal Sample
Glaas-wo Alaogin
Aoaked in
KCovk
walb
Buwner delivey
Atand tube 0

Keactuon with teom

 0aTer
Metal + wakor Metal oxide t H2

SAoLuble
etal H20
ydroude
for exarmple
Potaasiun (K)and Sodium Na) raad vigerousy
ith Celd waler.
and hy cu highlus yeadtwe
O
NOTE hiu Rxn exatherumiuc
NeAease a lanqe aumount heat and even
the test ube ñ whch t iaduen
take blau, becCemes hst
hiu Rxn is. alh wy vbilert Auia the
ydnogon sasts peLLcedull coth
quckly
(2 K) 2H20-
2koH+H2 Heat enexgy
Na (H) +2 Ha0- 2 2 NaOH+ H2 + Heat
ewgy
NO lood o ugton bcz h denaiy
iaer hon ucdn
 Ca CaCa (OH), +
+ 2H,0- H g)
(09)
hot So volent, and there u no tie
Calcumt starta loatung becauue the hydbuogn(t,
bub bles atick to the calium and
thuy help it to loat. Antaue

Cold
Mg water2No Rxn
mas uactuwe

en
Ma hot
WOtan M4 (OK +
H,)
a
staat loatng

AL, Fe, n No Rrn wth hst cola

Waton

AL Ca)+ 3 H20 AL0, (S)4 3H,{2)

insouuble n watm
thotkeue, nat hydroaude.
 3 fe + 4H0 fe30 ()+4 H2g)

Cu, lead, Rg Au don't Jact wth watr

o au

nalt Jtable 1etal

 Metals nd Non-metals
METAL
1.9tate o
1-Stoleo Metal ane Aolid ot Joonn temperabu
tompenalu
excepluen: mencwu iu a uauid' o
o

eislernce
JOo tmpenatne
2 usbe: Metala haveahining Awjae, i'e
uathe
3.Cordudurti Thy a good condulou heat&
4: Duudy
elecnucuy
1ha danity 0 of rmatol u qude high.
e denity o inon 89 gun
5 Handnessi Motals ao usually VANy hand.
(xcoptusN- Alkal mMal uike Na kk

GSonarDt Mekals ana Lenorous uhih meanu that

thy poduco nging seundd when shu
with 'sonma, hand d objot.
MelLeably Motala. o Molleada and dtle
ond Audlit
Madals &
3-Moltuiq pount
and.,.
have neunally high matlwi
boiluy pournt bouluung pout.
Metals nomally do net exut in the
9. Allatnobhy:
allabophic fms.
Non-metals exiuta _all the thnee- stateeonotter
However, qaAeou atate u th most commen

hey ar Jwoly non- uubu.

expuen= hoe bught uhr
o odine
Non-rmlol opoor Condioto hat and eleztrus
(excaptien -raphte i a good ondudor of eletu)
.thdavaty
danuty s non-maau ii quide J.L9
raityephosphonu 82 m

Non-metol Onu notrmalluy sot

exapluen diuamond han det substonu knom

Non -motalu aM non- Son ou.Thu donet phoduu

ony Mingung Ssund.

Mon -motalu ans net mulleabl and ducilThy ane

buttl.
Mon-mecdals e net mullable .Th meltuiqk boilung
pourt ran -mctal a r wualuy ew.
Mouy nsn -

metal eut ui allotrophc anma-