National University

College of Architecture

(S.Y 2023-2024 3rd Term)

Assignment 01: Research Paper on Mixed-Use and Mid-Rise Developments

Submitted to:

Leiron Mark S. De Guzman

Submitted by:

ILAGAN, Denise Colleen C.

April 12, 2024

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Introduction

Urbanization poses significant challenges worldwide, including rapid population growth,

pollution, and poverty. These issues demand cost-effective and accessible solutions. Many
individuals are flocking to urban areas in search of improved prospects for a multitude of reasons.
Urbanization presents a significant opportunity and is a crucial tool for advancing the sustainable
development agenda. However, if not properly planned and managed, urbanization can worsen the
very problems it aims to address. Inadequate urban planning has led to economic instability, social
unrest, traffic congestion, and environmental deterioration, along with the growth of slums and
urban sprawl (UN-Habitat 2016).

In the dynamic world of architecture,

the idea of mid-rise and mixed-use
developments has become a powerful
influence, altering cityscapes, and
transforming our relationship with constructed
areas. These innovative architectural projects
showcase a departure from conventional high-
Figure 1.
rise buildings and rigid zoning regulations. Instead, https://www.crownasia.com.ph/lifestyle-blog/condominiums-
they embrace a more thoughtful approach that 101-low-rise-mid-rise-and-high-rise/
emphasizes sustainability, community involvement, and designs that prioritize the well-being of
individuals. Exploring the importance of mid-rise and mixed-use developments in the architectural
realm reveals their ability to tackle modern urban issues and promote dynamic, inclusive, and
resilient cities.

The entire notion of vertical housing, such as apartments and condominiums, is designed to
support and complement the luxury market, while walk-up tenements are designed for low and
middle-income families or individuals. In recent years, more developers have begun to transition
from high-rise to medium-rise buildings such as condominiums due to economic reasons in
construction costs. The majority of mid-rise condominiums provide a tranquil environment and a
low-key setting.

Mid-rise condominiums are still usually situated in easily accessible places due to the need
of maintaining a balanced lifestyle. Furthermore, most mid-rise buildings have fewer floors and

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units, resulting in greater closeness and a stronger sense of community. Amenities include an open
clubhouse, swimming pools, a court, a children's area, a fitness gym, gazebos, and many other
features that will satisfy users.

Given that mid-rise condos have more floors than low-rise condos but fewer floors than
high-rise condos, they provide a sense of community without overcrowding. Moreover, because how
mid-rise condos are located in the city but not in the busiest sections, there is ample green space
surrounding mid-rise condos. This also means that citizens have better access to important services
like grocery stores, schools, and hospitals.

Comparison

Through the exploration of urban density, mid-rise buildings achieve a harmonious blend of
high-density urban living and human-scale environments. Unlike towering skyscrapers that often
dominate city skylines, mid-rise structures blend harmoniously into urban communities, offering
essential housing and commercial spaces without overpowering the surrounding infrastructure. With
their focus on integrating various functions and their moderate height, these developments
prioritize walkability, minimize dependence on cars, and promote social interactions. This creates a
strong sense of community and connection among residents.

A distinguishing feature of mid-rise developments is their ability to seamlessly combine

various land uses within a single building or neighborhood in which, compasses an advocation of
mixed-use environments. Through the integration of various facilities, mixed-use projects create
dynamic centers of activity that remain lively all day long. This comprehensive approach to urban
planning not only improves the convenience and accessibility of essential services but also promotes
economic growth, as businesses flourish near residential communities. In addition, the integration of
different functions in a single space promotes creativity and innovation by facilitating collaboration
and the exchange of ideas between various stakeholders.

Advancing Sustainability as amidst of a time increasing environmental consciousness, the

rise of mid-rise and mixed-use developments showcases the triumph of sustainable architecture.
Through the promotion of compact urban forms and the reduction of sprawl, these projects
contribute to the mitigation of the ecological impact of urbanization. They aim to preserve natural
resources and minimize carbon emissions. In addition, the incorporation of green building

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technologies, renewable energy systems, and sustainable design strategies enables mid-rise
developments to attain exceptional energy efficiency and resilience in response to climate change.
By employing strategic site planning, passive design strategies, and green infrastructure initiatives,
architects and developers have the power to construct built environments that not only fulfill
current needs but also protect the well-being of future generations.

NATIONAL BUILDING CODES FOR MIXED-USE AND MID-RISE BUILDINGS

Zoning Classification
Use/Occupancy Type of Description
Building/Structure
Residential R-5 A very high-density residential use or
occupancy, characterized mainly as a
medium-rise or high-rise condominium
building/structure for exclusive use as
multiple family dwelling.
Commercial C-2 A municipal or city level of commercial
use or occupancy characterized mainly as
a medium rise building structure for
medium to high intensity
commercial/trade service and business
activities.

General Requirements

When a building is of mixed occupancy or used for more than one occupancy, the whole
building shall be subject to the most restrictive requirement pertaining to any type of occupancy
found therein except in the following:

a. When a one-storey building houses more than one occupancy, each portion of the building
shall conform to the requirement of the particular occupancy housed therein, and;

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b. Where minor accessory uses do not occupy more than 10% of the area of any floor or a
building, nor more than 10% of the basic area permitted in the occupancy requirements, in
which case, the major use of the building shall determine the classification.

BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT

BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT

CHARACTER OF TYPE OF
BUILDING/ USE OR BUILDING/ NO. OF ALLOWABLE METERS ABOVE HIGHEST
OCCUPANCY STRUCTURE STOREYS/ FLOORS ABOVE GRADE
ESTABLISHED GRADE

RESIDENTIAL R-5 12 -18 STOREYS 36.00-54.00

COMMERCIAL C-2 6 STOREYS 18.00

ANNOTATION: The height of the building should be generally proportional to its base/ footprint. In
practice, a smaller footprint cum taller profile for a building is resorted to in order to preserve as
much of the open space within a lot (or surrounding the building) as much as possible.

PARKING

Character of Occupancy Minimum Required Parking Slot/ Parking Area/

Loading Space Requirements

Units located in office, commercial or mixed- Units with a gross floor area of 41.00 to 70.00
use condominium buildings/ structures sq.m or a fraction thereof and above, provide 1
regardless of number of storeys. slot for each unit

FLOOR TO LOT AREA RATIO (FLAR)

Character of Occupancy Type of Building/ Structure FLAR Designation Rights

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RESIDENTIAL R-5 6.00 up to 9.00

(at an 18-storey or 54.00 BHL )

DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS

Occupancy Zoning PSO ISA USA TOSL

Residential R-5 70% e 20% 10% 30%

80% f 10% 10% 20%
75% e 20% 5% 25%
Commercial C-2 85% f 10% 5% 15%

SETBACKS

RROW (meters) FRONT SIDE REAR

30 & Above 8 5 5
25.00-29.00 6 3 3
20.00-24.00 5 3 3
10.00-19.00 5 2 2
Below 10.00 5 2 2

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR TOTAL OPEN SPACE WITHIN LOT (TOSL)

Abutments for basic uses/occupancies forming part of new developments shall be similar to the
restrictions prescribed for firewalls under Rule VII:
Abutments shall be allowed on two (2) sides only or on one (1) side and the rear property
line boundary for any R-5 lot type/ location. There shall be no abutments on the front
property line for any R-5 lot type/location.
For buildings of more than two (2) storeys in height, the minimum width of the rear or the
R-5 side court shall be increased at the rate of 300mm for each additional storey up to the
fourteenth (14th) storey.

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For buildings exceeding fourteen (14) storeys in height, the required width of court shall be
computed on the basis of 14 storeys.

CEILING HEIGHTS AND ROOM STANDARDS

Minimum Ceiling Height

Minimum
Spaces
Dimension Area
Artificial Ventilation Natural Ventilation
Habitable Rooms 2.40 m 2.70 m 2.00 m 6 sq.m
Mezzanine 1.80 m
Kitchen 2.40 m 2.70 m 1.50 m 3 sq.m
Toilet and Bath 900 mm 1.2 sq.m

AIRSPACE REQUIREMENTS IN DETERMINING SIZE OF ROOMS

Room Type Airspace per Person

Workshop, Factories, Offices 12.00 cu.m
Habitable Space 14.00 cu.m

WINDOW OPENINGS

Natural Ventilation - Windows should atleast be 10% of total floor area of room.
Room Type Guideline
Habitable Room Not less than 1.00 sq.m per opening.

Not less than 1/20 of the floor area of such rooms.

Toilet and Bath, Not less than 240mm per opening.
Laundry Room

ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR CHANGES

Cubic Meter
per Minute Air Changes Per Hour

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per Person Ceiling Height (Meters)

Space
MIN MAX 2.4 3 3.7 4.9 6.1
Apartment 0.29 0.43 3 2 1 -1/2 1 3/4
Banking Space 0.22 0.29 3 2 1 -1/2 1 3/4
Barber Shop 0.22 0.29 3 2 1 -1/2 1 3/4
Beauty Parlor 0.22 0.29 3 2 1 -1/2 1 3/4
Cocktail Bar 0.57 0.85 8 6 4 -1/2 3 2 1/4
Drugstore 0.29 0.43 5 3- 3/4 3 2 1 1/2
Office 0.29 0.43 4 3 2 -1/4 1 -1/2 1
Restaurant/ Kitchen 0.34 0.43 5 3- 3/4 3 2 1 1/2
Shop/ Retail 0.22 0.29 3 2 1 -1/2 1 3/4

MINIMUM PROVISIONS NATURAL LIGHTING AND VENTILATION AT BASEMENT LEVES

1. Primary or main natural ventilation shaft (vertical) with a clear distance of at least 3.00 m
shall be located at center of building and shall traverse the entire combined height of the
building above below grade.
2. Secondary or support natural lighting and ventilation shafts (angular) with a clear distance of
at least 1.20 m shall emanate from the front and rear perimeters of the building and shall
traverse the entire depth of the building.

The angular shafts shall be at an angle of 60 degrees from the horizontal with the maximum
Philippine solar angle. Separate angular shafts emanating from side perimeters of buildings are
encouraged.
3. Both vertical and angular shafts shall only be used for natural air and light intake and shall
not be used for any form of exhaust or air exchange to keep the temperature inside the
shafts at a minimum.

ORDINANCE 8119: AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE MANILA COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
AND ZONING REGULATIONS OF 2006

Zone Regulations

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1. Specific uses/activities of lesser density within a particular zone (C-2/MXD) may be allowed
within the zone of higher density (C-3/MXD) but not vice versa, nor in another zone and its
subdivisions (e.g. I-1,I-2), except for uses expressly allowed in said zones, such that the
cumulative effect of zoning shall be intra-zonal and not inter-zonal.
2. Developments of Mixed-Use character (R3/MXD, C2/MXD) shall have a 70/30 sharing of
uses. Where 70% of the development must be of the principal use (e.g. R3/MXD –the
principal use is residential) and the other 30% can be of any of the allowed uses within the
zone category.

SEC. 13. Use Regulations in Medium Intensity Commercial/Mixed Use Zone (C-2/MXD). A C-2/MXD
Zone shall be used primarily for medium intensity mixed use and commercial developments for
quasi-trade, business activities and service industries.Enumerated below are the allowable uses:

1. All allowable uses in R-3/MXD Zone provided that in case of a residential buildingit shall have
commercial footprints
2. Transportation terminals/garage with and without repair
3. Repair shops e.g. house appliance repair shops, motor vehicles and accessoryrepair shops,
home furnishing shops
4. Printing/Publishing
5. Machinery display shop/center
6. Gravel and Sand
7. Lumber/hardware
8. Manufacture of ice, ice blocks, cubes, tubes, crush except dry ice
9. Manufacture of signs and advertising displays (except printed)
10. Chicharon factory
11. Welding shops
12. Machine shop service operation (repairing/rebuilding, or custom job orders)
13. Medium scale junk shop
14. Lechon or whole pig roasting
15. Biscuit factory – manufacture of biscuits, cookies, crackers and other similar driedbakery
products
16. Doughnut and hopia factory
17. Other bakery products and those not elsewhere classified
18. Repacking of food products e.g. fruits, vegetables, sugar and other relatedproducts

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19. Funeral Parlors, mortuaries and crematory services and memorial chapels
20. Carpark buildings, parking lots, garage facilities
21. Government facility
22. Cultural/educational center
23. General/Specialized hospital, medical center
24. Shopping center/department store
25. Day & night club, disco/dance hall, videoke/karaoke bar

Service Area: District to City wide

The following is the Land Use Intensity Control ratings that shall be observed in the C-2/MXD Zone:
LAND USE MAXIMUM PLO MAXIMUM FAR
Commercial/Mixed Use Medium
Intensity Commercial/Mixed Use 0.8 6
C2/MXD

PLO – Percentage of Land Occupancy

FAR – Floor Area Ratio

SEC. 27. Height Regulations. – Building height must conform to the height restrictions and
requirements of the Air Transportation Office (ATO), as well as the requirements of the National
Building Code, the Structural Code, as well as all laws, ordinances, design standards, rules and
regulations related to land development and building construction and the various safety codes.

SEC. 29. Additional FAR Provisions. – Additional FAR beyond the prescribed allowable maximum FAR
can be availed through the following development modes subject to the requirements of the IRR of
this Ordinance:

SEC. 31. Buffer Regulations. - A minimum buffer of three (3) meters shall be provided along the
entire boundary length between two (2) or more conflicting zones allocating 1.5 meters from each
side of the zone boundary, as needed or within the provisions of the IRR. Such buffer strip should be
open and not encroached upon by any building or structure and should be part of the yard or open
space.

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SEC. 34. Yard, Off-Street Parking Space. - No part of a road, off-street parking space, loading space,
or other open space required of any building shall, for the purpose of complying with this Ordinance,
be included as part of the yard, open space, off-street parking or loading space similarly required of
any adjacent neighboring building. However, this shall not apply to building/s with common party
walls or adjacent building lines, in which case, only the yard for the free or non-abutting sides will be
required.

SEC. 42. Pollution Control. - For effective pollution control, all zoning permit (locational clearance)
granted for all development/activities must be subject to the condition of compliance with the
Department of Environment and Natural ResourcesEnvironmental Impact Statement System (DENR-
EIS System-ECC Requirements) rules and regulations.

SEC. 46. Network of Green and Open Spaces. - Aside from complying with the open space
requirements of PD 957, BP 220 and other related issuances, the following shall apply:
1. All residential, commercial, industrial and mixed-use subdivisions are required to provide
tree-planted strips along its internal roads having spacing of not more than ten (10) meters.
2. Similar development with total contiguous land areas greater than ten (10) hectares are
required to provide, in addition to the above, landscaped forest parks of not less than Five
Hundred Square Meters (500 sq.m.) for the use of the occupants and/or the general public.
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3. Residential compounds, regardless of total lot area, shall provide an open space for
playground purposes with an area equivalent to at least five percent (5%) of the required lot
area per family. Where the residential compound is intended for less than ten (10) families,
the setting aside of such area for playground purposes may be dispensed with, PROVIDED,
that an open space may be used as part of the yard requirement for the compound.

Special Provisions
SEC. 58. Roof Gardens. – In the absence of areas available for parks, recreation and open spaces,
roof gardens are encouraged in accordance with the proposed network of open spaces. The same
provision goes for buildings along the Light Railway Transit (LRT) lines and as provided for in the IRR
of this Ordinance.

Possible Sustainable Innovative Solutions

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1. Biomimicry
The three core principles of biomimicry, Emulate, Ethos, and Reconnect - form the
foundation of this innovative and sustainable design philosophy.

Emulate. This approach urges designers to observe and comprehend nature's techniques,
forms, and processes before applying that knowledge to build unique human-made
solutions. Whether you believe it or not, nature has spent millions of years perfecting its
designs in order to achieve efficiency and resilience. Designers can harness the force of
evolution by emulating these natural models and adapting nature's solutions to meet human
wants and constraints.

Ethos. The ethos principle represents designers' ethical responsibility to prioritize

sustainability, regenerative processes, and human and environmental well-being. Instead
than focusing simply on short-term gains, biomimicry pushes designers to think about how
their inventions will affect the environment, society, and future generations.

Reconnect. In a quickly urbanizing and technologically advanced world, many individuals

have lost touch with nature. This results in a lack of understanding and appreciation for the
deep relationships and interdependence that allow life to exist on Earth. The reconnect
principle stresses developing a stronger connection with nature. Biomimicry encourages
designers to actively connect with nature, learn from its processes and systems, and
cultivate awe and reverence for the natural environment. Such reconnection can lead to a
more profound understanding of the complicated web of life, pushing designers to develop
solutions that function in tandem with the environment rather than in opposition.

2. Rainwater Harvesting System

To provide alternative water source for the facilities within the site to minimize the
demand for freshwater use. It collects, redirects, and stores water from the roof to use for
landscape irrigation, ornamental ponds and fountain filling, toilet and urinal flushing.

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MIXED-USE LITERATURE REVIEW (LOCAL)

Eastwood City
Quezon City, Philippines

A vibrant urban development project offering a diverse range of commercial and residential
spaces. The city is renowned for its contemporary architectural designs, bustling nightlife, and
seamless blend of technology and natural environments. Located in the bustling center of Quezon
City, Eastwood City is nestled within the vibrant landscape of Metro Manila. The development
encompasses a compact land area of around 17 hectares and boasts a strategic location near major
highways and transportation hubs. The site planning focused on optimizing land use efficiency while
also prioritizing the creation of a pedestrian-friendly environment.

Eastwood City boasts a unique mixed-use concept that seamlessly integrates commercial,
residential, and recreational spaces into one impressive development. The architecture showcases a
seamless integration of different building typologies, encompassing high-rise residential towers,
office buildings, retail establishments, and entertainment venues.

Figure 2. Eastwood City, Master Development Plan. https://www.megaworldcorp.com/

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Architectural Style

Exhibits a primarily modern architectural style

characterized by clean lines, glass facades, and
contemporary design elements. The structures
frequently showcase a blend of steel, concrete, and
glass materials, resulting in a visually captivating
cityscape. The design of the architecture emphasizes
the importance of functionality, aesthetic appeal,
Figure 3. https://alchetron.com/cdn/eastwood-city- and sustainability.
82623354-1d46-40a6-b30d-b19c979b0ef-resize-
750.jpg

Design Principles, Strategies and Planning

Known for its lively nightlife and wide range of entertainment options. The design of the complex
features specialized areas for restaurants, bars, clubs, and entertainment venues. These spaces are
crafted to foster a vibrant and captivating ambiance for visitors, residents, and office workers,
enhancing the overall urban experience.
Emphasizing the significance of fostering a walkable
atmosphere, integrates design principles that prioritize
pedestrians. The development features wide sidewalks,
beautifully landscaped pathways, and elegant pedestrian
bridges that seamlessly connect different areas, inviting
individuals to leisurely explore the surroundings on foot. This
design strategy improves the overall livability of the complex.

The city presents itself as a center of innovation, and this is

evident in its thoughtfully crafted architectural design. The
buildings are designed with state-of-the-art infrastructure to
accommodate cutting-edge technology, including fast internet
connectivity, intelligent building systems, and eco-friendly
Figure 4. Eastwood Night by Denise Ilagan, 2023

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energy solutions. By incorporating technology, the overall efficiency and convenience for residents,
tenants, and visitors is greatly improved.
Eastwood City showcases a cutting-edge architectural design that perfectly complements its
identity as a technology hub. The buildings are designed with cutting-edge infrastructure to
accommodate the latest technology, including fast internet connectivity, intelligent building systems,
and eco-friendly energy solutions. By incorporating technology, the overall efficiency and
convenience for residents, tenants, and visitors is greatly improved.

Incorporation of green spaces and sustainable design principles, it stands out as a dense
urban development. The complex showcases a variety of landscaped gardens, parks, and open
plazas, offering delightful pockets of greenery and recreational spaces. The design integrates energy-
efficient systems, rainwater harvesting, and green building practices to minimize the environmental
footprint of the development.

Sustainable Design Practices in Eastwood City

 Green Building Certification: Numerous buildings in Eastwood City are dedicated to achieving
green building certifications, such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) or
BERDE (Building for Ecologically Responsive Design Excellence). As these certifications
guarantee that the buildings adhere to strict sustainability standards, encompassing energy
efficiency, water conservation, and indoor air quality.

 Energy-Efficient Lighting System: with a special focus on incorporating LED (Light Emitting
Diode) lighting. It is widely recognized that LED lights are more energy-efficient, have a longer
lifespan, and help to lower carbon emissions when compared to traditional lighting systems.

 Natural ventilation and Daylighting Strategies: Utilization of large windows, skylights, and
atriums to optimize natural light and airflow, thereby minimizing the need for artificial lighting
and mechanical ventilation during the day.

 Implementation of rainwater harvesting systems: A key initiative to encourage water

conservation. These systems efficiently gather rainwater from various surfaces and store it for
practical purposes like landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. This approach helps to decrease
the need for freshwater resources.

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 Promoting Sustainable Transportation: advocates for eco-friendly transportation options. It

offers a large range of amenities, including bicycle lanes, pedestrian-friendly pathways, and
convenient access to public transportation. By promoting these options, we can reduce our
dependence on private vehicles and contribute to a significant decrease in carbon emissions.

 Green Spaces and Landscaping: Inclusion of abundant green spaces, landscaped gardens, and
streets adorned with trees throughout the development. These areas help enhance air quality,
offer shade, and mitigate the urban heat island effect. When it comes to landscaping, it's
common to opt for native and drought-tolerant plants to reduce water usage.

Bonifacio Global City

Taguig, Philippines

Uptown Bonifacio is a contemporary urban development. The area is renowned for its luxurious
residential towers, bustling commercial establishments, and dynamic lifestyle offerings. Uptown
Bonifacio is in the vibrant Bonifacio Global City (BGC) district, known for its thriving business and
vibrant lifestyle. The development covers a land area of around 15 hectares and has been
meticulously designed to optimize the utilization of space.

Much like Eastwood City, embracing a mixed-

use concept that comprises of a collection of
mid-rise structures that seamlessly blend
residential, commercial, and retail areas. The
project seeks to establish a dynamic and
pedestrian-friendly urban community.
Showcasing a stunning array of high-rise
residential towers, this collection presents an
exquisite selection of luxury living spaces. The
design of these towers emphasizes clean lines,
Figure 5. Bonifacio Global City, District Plan.
modern aesthetics, and the use of glass and https://www.sqftglobalph.com/

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steel materials. The towers frequently feature balconies and expansive windows, offering residents
breathtaking views of the cityscape.

Architectural Style

The design showcases a contemporary and iconic aesthetic. The buildings showcase distinctive and
visually captivating facades, often defined by daring geometric shapes, inventive material choices,
and eye-catching architectural elements. This design approach seeks to establish a unique character
for the development.

Design Principles, Strategies and Planning

Offers a diverse selection of retail and entertainment choices. The design of the architecture
includes expansive shopping malls, boutique shops, restaurants, cafes, and entertainment venues.
The spaces have been meticulously crafted to create a dynamic and captivating atmosphere for both
residents and visitors. Emphasizing the importance of creating designs that prioritize the well-being
and convenience of pedestrians. The development showcases expansive sidewalks, beautifully
designed pathways, and exclusive areas for pedestrians. These elements promote pedestrian activity
and enhance the safety and enjoyment of the environment, thereby reducing the need for private
vehicles.

Integrating design features such as sustainability that

minimize environmental impact. These features might
encompass energy-efficient lighting systems,
sustainable building materials, rainwater harvesting
systems, and effective waste management practices.
The sustainable design elements may differ for each
building within the development.

Understands the significance of incorporating green Figure 6. https://bgc.com.ph/

spaces into urban landscapes. The development features beautifully designed parks, gardens, and
open plazas, providing residents, office workers, and visitors with ample recreational spaces. These
green spaces enhance the air quality, offer a natural escape, and improve the overall livability of the
complex.

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Exploring the application of smart building systems that leverage technology to enhance
convenience and efficiency. These systems often incorporate cutting-edge security features,
automated lighting and temperature controls, and seamless integration of digital infrastructure.
Sustainable Design Practices in Bonifacio Global City

 Sustainable Transportation: Promoting the use of environmentally friendly transportation

methods to decrease dependence on personal cars. The area offers well-designed bike lanes,
walkways that prioritize pedestrians, and convenient public transportation options. These
initiatives strive to encourage walking, cycling, and the utilization of public transit, ultimately
mitigating traffic congestion and carbon emissions.

 Green Roof and Vertical Gardens: Several buildings in BGC feature the integration of green
roofs and vertical gardens. Green roofs offer multiple benefits, such as reducing heat
absorption, enhancing insulation, and creating additional green spaces. Vertical gardens or
living walls offer numerous benefits, including air purification, thermal regulation, and an
appealing aesthetic.

 Green Infrastructure: Incorporating sustainable infrastructure, including permeable pavements

and stormwater management systems. Permeable pavements enable rainwater to infiltrate the
soil, mitigating runoff and averting potential flooding. Stormwater management systems are
designed to capture and treat rainwater, ensuring minimal pollution and the protection of
water bodies.

 Renewable Energy Integration: A strong advocation for the adoption of renewable energy
sources. Certain structures integrate solar panels or other sustainable energy systems to
generate electricity for their operations. This helps to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and
reduce carbon emissions.

 Rainwater Harvesting System: A great way to conserve water. These systems efficiently gather
rainwater from various surfaces and store it for practical purposes like watering plants and
flushing toilets. This kind of strategy can help alleviate the pressure on freshwater supplies and
contribute to the long-term sustainability of water resources.

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 Waste Management and Recycling: A strong emphasis on the implementation of effective

waste management and recycling practices. The district offers designated recycling bins and
waste separation facilities to encourage proper waste disposal and recycling. Efforts are made
to educate residents, office workers, and visitors about waste reduction and recycling through
various programs and campaigns.

 Energy-efficient Design in buildings: Considering an implementation of energy-efficient lighting

systems, like LED lights, which consume less energy and have a longer lifespan compared to
traditional lighting. Buildings also integrate efficient HVAC systems and insulation to minimize
energy usage.

 Promotion of the integration of green spaces and landscaping: The district showcases
beautifully designed parks, gardens, and streets adorned with trees, creating a serene
environment that encourages the flourishing of diverse plant and animal life. Using native and
drought-tolerant plants is a common practice to reduce water usage in landscaping.

MID-RISE LITERATURE REVIEW (LOCAL)

Primavera Residences Tower

Cagayan De Oro, Philippines

Primavera Residences is a multi-

awarded mid-rise building that combines
retail, commercial, office, and hospitality
facilities with traditional residential
condominium units. The bottom story
contains retail and shop spaces, the second
floor contains commercial and office facilities,
and the upper eight floors are dedicated to
Figure 7. https://gmcrealtyph.com/condominium/primavera-
residential and hospitality use. Combining residences-italpinas-dev-corp/
modern features and amenities with environmentally responsible design.

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Italpinas Development Corporation (IDC) has completed the twin-tower Primavera

Residences in Cagayan de Oro as part of its efforts to build high-quality, sustainable residences in the
Philippines' provinces. The condominium is IDC's flagship project in the Philippines. Architects
Romolo Valentino Nati and Francesco De Luca designed the towers, which include a system of
cantilevers that generate a shadow from within, preventing direct sunlight from penetrating
windows and keeping indoor temperatures low. A green inner courtyard encourages natural
ventilation by driving warm air out of the building via the roof, which is lined with solar panels that
power social rooms.
IDC hopes that by achieving EDGE certification, Primavera Residences would become a
benchmark in sustainable development, demonstrating how inexpensive and exquisite green
buildings can be developed in the Philippines. The buildings will be maintained in an environmentally
sustainable manner, with emphasis on waste segregation, non-chemical cleaning solutions, and
bicycles, as well as resource efficiency. Initiatives will be undertaken to raise awareness among unit
owners about the advantages of sustainable living.

Architecture
The first tower of the condominium complex contains 162 residential and commercial units,
while the second tower has 166. Arch decided the precise shape, volume, and characteristics of each
structure. Nati designed the tower such that air enters the lower levels and travels upward through
the courtyard, resulting in a funnel effect that provides uniform distribution of air to all condo units.
The design was inspired by the traditional Bahay Kubo—a stilt home constructed of organic
materials like as bamboo, coconut leaves, and grass—that Arch. Nati envisions the quintessential
sustainable dwelling. IDC has implemented green architecture from the Bahay Kubo philosophy into
all of its projects. The Primavera Residences project won Best Condo Development in the Philippines
at the Southeast Asia Property Awards (SEAPA) in 2011 and Best Mixed-Use Development at the
2014 Asia Pacific Property Awards.

Keywords: mixed-use buildings, mid-rise buildings, standards and guidelines, case studies
Figure 8. http://cdorealestate.weebly.com/primavera-residences.html
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Biomimicry
IDC realized that in the past, human progress did not constitute a significant environmental
risk. Our use of natural resources was in harmony with nature's demands for their replenishment.
They are also well aware that today's balance has been disrupted by the widespread belief that
natural resources are ours to take and will never run out. For Primavera Residences, IDC determined
that the anthill model would be the best to emulate, hence the central column in each structure.
This column is designed after an ant colony's hollow entrance, which is primarily used for ventilation
and material transfer. The column also lets natural light into the building, thereby reducing the need
for artificial lighting.

Arch. Nati claims that the IDC design process is mostly focused on performance. They are
based on the assumption that things that perform well are more likely to spread and survive in the
long run. In developments like Primavera Residences, the buildings themselves are the primary
green elements. Another advantage of the design is that it reduces building expenses, allowing the
developer to provide condominium apartments at relatively inexpensive prices. Electricity savings
also translate into decreased association dues.

Green Features
 The biomimicry-inspired building orientation provides a funnel effect that results in an
equitable dispersion of air throughout all units.
 Brise soleil shelters on its façade that give shade and protect the windows during the
warmest part of the day while reducing internal temperature in the condo apartments.
 Photovoltaic solar panels on the rooftop to produce its own energy
 Extended awnings to maximize light and shadow
 The green inner courtyard serves as a natural chimney, allowing mild breezes to flow
naturally into the building.
 Unit cross-ventilation for indoor heat reduction.
 Natural light enters the condo apartments from the inner courtyard.

Primavera Residences' natural ventilation and heat reduction features help residents save up to
32% on energy usage, specifically air conditioning use. Primavera's photovoltaic cells are also
planned to begin supplying the city's local distribution power grid once the Net Metering Law goes

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into effect. This will lower the condominium's electric bill down even more, thereby further reducing
the residents' separate electric bills.
Technical Solutions
1. Energy
External shading devices, insulation of roof and external walls, energy-saving lighting system
and solar photovoltaics.
2. Water
Low-flow plumbing fixtures and dual-flush water closets.
3. Materials
Medium weight hollow concrete blocks for internal and external wall construction.

Figure 9. Ground Floor Plan (Commercial) Figure 10. 2nd Floor Plan (Office Space)

Figure 11. 3rd Floor Plan (Residential Units) Figure 12. 4th Floor Plan (Residential Units)

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Figure 9. 5th Floor Plan (Residential Units) Figure 10. 6th Floor Plan (Residential Units)

Figure 11. 7th Floor Plan (Residential Units) Figure 12. 8th Floor Plan (Residential Units)

Figure 13. 9th Floor Plan (Residential Units) Figure 14. 10th Floor Plan (Residential Units)

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 (Ilagan & Montes) 24

Figure 15, 11th Floor Plan (Laundry Area)

Amaia Steps The Junction Place

Quezon City, Philippines

Amaia Steps The Junction Place is Amaia

Land's latest mid-rise condominium project, rising
between two of Quezon City's most heavily
trafficked roads, Quirino Highway and Tandang
Sora Avenue. The project is designed to be a fully
developed village within a 10-hectare mixed-use
development, with a seamless integration of Figure 16. https://www.amaialandcondo.com/amaia-steps-
the-junction-place.html
residential, commercial, and recreational
components that meet the demands of neighboring towns. The new road that will be built within
this pocket urban development will give alternate access for cars and reduce travel time between
the two routes.

This 1.7-hectare home lot is part of Ayala Land's 10-hectare master planned development. It
provides well-designed units that are comfortable for the tenants. It is designed with linear parks
and open spaces that offer enriching features and services. There are a variety of financing programs
and payment alternatives available, making it affordable. Feel secure knowing that our
neighborhood is maintained by Ayala Property Management Corporation.

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 (Ilagan & Montes) 25

 No. of Buildings: 5
 No. of Residential Units: 36 units per floor
 No. of Floors: 12 floors

Location
Amaia Steps The Junction Place is located at Tandang Sora Avenue, Quezon City, Metro Manila,
Philippines. Quezon City is certainly progressive. In fact, it is the most progressive in Metro Manila,
therefore opportunities abound. Whether you are a millennial looking for your rightful position in
the corporate world or a family breadwinner who cannot give up her work, living here will allow you
to discover where your growth can go.

Nearby Establishments

 Novaliches General Hospital

 Quezon City General Hospital
 Quezon City Polytechnic University
 SM Novaliches

Figure 17. https://www.amaialand.com/condominium/quezon-

city/amaia-steps-the-junction-place/location/

Figure 18. https://www.amaialandcondo.com/amaia-steps-the-junction-place.html

Site Development Plan

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 (Ilagan & Montes) 26

Figure 19. https://www.amaialand.com/condominium/quezon-city/amaia-steps-the-junction-place/floor-plan

Units and Floor Plans

Figure 20. https://www.amaialandcondo.com/amaia-steps-the-junction-place.html

Model Unit

Figure 21. https://www.amaialandcondo.com/amaia-steps-the-junction-place.html

Features and Amenities

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 (Ilagan & Montes) 27

Reimagining condominium living with their amenities that sets a new standard for affordability and
sustainability in mid-rise and high-rise developments. The development’s facilities promote health
and wellness, catering to Amaia residents from all walks of life. Enter the cozy lobby, which
effortlessly combines form and function, then enjoy a fast ride in the elevator or a cardio walk up the
stairs. Enjoy the suburban lifestyle by swimming in the pool, playing basketball on the court, or
simply relaxing in the central courtyard. Celebrate your life's journey with family and friends at the
clubhouse.

 Basketball Court
 Retail Area
 Pool
 Play Area
 Jogging Loop
 Courtyard
 Clubhouse
 Central Courtyard

MID-RISE LITERATURE REVIEW (FOREIGN)

Daning Neighborhood
Shanghai, China

Architectural Planning
The neighborhood is planned as a mixed-use development,
seamlessly blending residential, commercial, and cultural
spaces. This approach fosters a wide variety of activities and
generates a vibrant and energetic atmosphere.

Figure 22.
The architectural planning in the Daning Neighborhood
focuses on creating a design that is welcoming to pedestrians. This is achieved through the
implementation of wide sidewalks, dedicated pedestrian zones, and streetscapes that are designed

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 (Ilagan & Montes) 28

with pedestrians in mind. This promotes walking, reduces dependence on cars, and fosters a sense
of community.
It features an array of public spaces and green areas, offering residents ample opportunities for
relaxation, recreation, and social interaction. Daning Park, with its expansive green areas, serves as a
perfect illustration. These spaces greatly enhance the overall livability and well-being of the
community.

Sustainability is given utmost importance in the architectural planning of Danish Neighborhood.

Buildings frequently integrate energy-efficient systems, green roofs, and rainwater harvesting
emphasizing sustainable transportation options, like bike lanes, and encourages easy access to
public transportation to minimize carbon emissions.

Emphasizing a harmonious blend with the surrounding environment. The neighborhood boasts
excellent connectivity to the rest of Shanghai via an extensive public transportation network,
ensuring convenient access for both residents and visitors. Additionally, it includes cultural
attractions like the Shanghai Circus World and the Daning Lingshi Park. These venues contribute to
the cultural scene, hosting a variety of activities, performances, and exhibitions that bring life to the
community.

Materials

 Concrete is a commonly employed material in the construction of buildings in the Daning

Neighborhood. It is commonly utilized in the building of foundations, structural components,
and exterior walls.
 Glass is a prevalent material in the contemporary high-rise buildings of the area. It is often
utilized for windows, facades, and curtain walls, enabling the entry of natural light into the
buildings, and creating a modern and stylish appearance.
 Steel is a commonly utilized material for the structural components of numerous buildings in
the Daning Neighborhood. It provides exceptional strength and durability, making it ideal for
supporting the weight of tall buildings.
 Aluminum is a popular choice for window frames, cladding, and exterior finishes in the
neighborhood. With its lightweight nature, resistance to corrosion, and ease of use, it has
become a favored option for various architectural uses.

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 Wood is occasionally utilized in interior finishes and decorative elements in the Daning
Neighborhood, adding a touch of uniqueness to the overall design. It adds a cozy and organic
feel to different areas.
 Stone which utilizes natural stone, like granite or marble, can be a stunning choice for
enhancing the exteriors, flooring, and decorative aspects of various buildings or public areas.
The architectural design is enhanced with a touch of elegance and durability.
 Ceramic tiles are a popular choice for various spaces, especially those that require water
resistance and low maintenance. They offer a wide range of colors, patterns, and sizes,
providing ample design flexibility.
 Sustainable Materials are used for reflecting the neighborhood's commitment to
sustainability, specific projects may utilize eco-conscious materials like recycled materials,
low VOC paints, and environmentally friendly insulation materials.

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References:

 Shatkin, G. (2008). The City and the Bottom Line: Urban Megaprojects and the Privatization
of Planning in Southeast Asia. Environment and Planning A, 40(2), pp.383-401. DOI:
10.1068/a38439
 Lim, M. K. (2020). Global city as place branding strategy: the case of Bonifacio Global City
(Philippines). Re-Imagining Creative Cities in Twenty-First Century Asia, 27-39.
 Karaan, A. K. (2019, January 1). Negotiating spaces of exception. www.academia.edu.
https://www.academia.edu/101385419/Negotiating_spaces_of_exception
 (2020, March 25). ULI CASE STUDY: Bonifacio Global City. ULI Philippines.
https://philippines.uli.org/uli-case-study-bonifacio-global-city/
 Primavera Residences Towers - EDGE Buildings. (2022, May 31). EDGE Buildings.
https://edgebuildings.com/project-studies/primavera-residences-towers/
 Building Layouts. (n.d.). Cagayan De Oro City Real Estate.
http://cdorealestate.weebly.com/building-layouts.html
 Escalona-Chen, C. (n.d.). National Building Code Standards for Mixed Used
Developments.docx. Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/407361018/National-
Building-Code-Standards-for-Mixed-Used-Developments-docx
 Amaia Steps The Junction Place | Amaia Land. (n.d.).
https://www.amaialandcondo.com/amaia-steps-the-junction-place.html
 Caringal, Jawod, Lahaji, Metrillo, Pureza, & Ceejay. (2021, May 3). A PROPOSED 12-STOREY
MID-RISE CONDOMINIUM. In Coursehero. Coursehero. Retrieved April 11, 2024, from
https://www.coursehero.com/file/91529663/GROUP-B-RESEARCH-PAPER-MID-RISE-
CONDOMINIUMpdf/

Keywords: mixed-use buildings, mid-rise buildings, standards and guidelines, case studies