Internship report at Arba Minch University

ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

ARBA MINCH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ELECTICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING STREAM

INTERNSHIP REPORT

Prepared by:

1. Addisu Kassa ------------------------------ID NO: NSR/161/13

HOSTING COMPANY

NAME: AMU_ICTC

Arba Minch University

Submission Date: 18/10/24 G.C

Internship report at Arba Minch University

DECLARATION
This internship report is prepared by Arba Minch University 4th year electrical and computer
engineering students that we have undertaken our internship experience in Arba Minch University
ICT center for a period of four months. I clarify that our work is original and compiled according
to the internship report & guideline given by the institute.

I therefore certify that all the material and data in this practical attachment document are
obtained and presented in compliance with guidelines of Faculty of Electrical and computer
engineering. I also declare that, this work is entirely original and has never been presented
or used by any other departments.

I am a students of Arba Minch University we have completed our internship report that is
in Arba Minch University for Academic year of 2024. All the report information’s written
in this report are obtained from what we have seen in our Internship period and from
reading different books of the company, and the Company project working manuals. All
the report is done by us except those documents which are mentioned in the reference.

As an authorized Supervisor, I have approved the submission of this practical attachment

document.

Approval of company supervisor

Name: Melkamu Mengitu

Signature __________________

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like take this golden opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to our almighty
God for granting us the strength, wisdom, and perseverance to successfully complete our
four month internship with the help of my parents, brothers, relatives, friends and sisters.
They make it possible for us to finish it successfully and with God, we believe that this
divine guidance has been pivotal in shaping our journey and enabling us to overcome all
the challenge we face during the period of our internship program.

Furthermore, I extend My heartfelt appreciation to our esteemed mentor at AMU ICT Mr.
Yosef His unwavering support, invaluable insights, and continuous guidance have played
a pivotal role in refining our understanding of the subject matter and enhancing the quality
of our work product. His expertise and mentorship have been instrumental in shaping our
professional growth and ensuring that the product meets the highest standards. Our grateful
thank goes also to all staff member of AMU ICT center for their contribution and hard
worked during our four months internship period.

Secondly my great appreciation goes to all the ICT workers that help us during our
internship period which took us full four month with the lovely memory and joy with the
people in AMU -ICT staff and workers.

I am truly grateful for the opportunity to work under his tutelage, and I sincerely appreciate
their dedication for ensuring that I achieve excellence in my work.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMAERY
This report contain all my internship experience during four months’ time in 2024 at
AMU_ICT, it emphasizing the indispensable role of practical exposure in augmenting data
communication and computer network knowledge. As it`s indicate the main purpose of
internship it is to learned by working in the practical area and do apply the knowledge we
acquired during the academic studies in a real world application in order to tackle the
problems using the knowledge and skill learned during the academic journey

Therefore this report contain five distinct portion, the first section it describes about the
project summary, the generation objective and specific objectives of the project, the
methodology and literature review of the project. The second section it describes about the
company overview that presents the companies brief history, organization structure and
workflow, mission, vision and core value of the company. Also identification of the main
customer or the end user of the organization`s offerings. Third section or distinct portion
describes the overall internship experience such as how we get the company, detailing the
specific department involvement, and executed tasks, challenges that I face during the
internship.

The fourth portion describes Evaluation of the overall benefits derived from the internship,
emphasizing skill development and experimental knowledge in networking. The last portion
discuss about conclusion and recommendation about my internship and the company that contains
a succinct summary of the internship experience and its impact and recommendations for both
personal development and potential enhancements for the company

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Table of Contents
DECLARATION................................................................................................................ I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ II
EXECUTIVE SUMMAERY .......................................................................................... III
List of Figures ................................................................................................................. VII
List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................... VIII
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction about internship .................................................................................... 1
1. 2 Project Mini Network Office.................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Min Networking Office ...................................................................................... 2
1.2 Objectives of the Practice and Mini Project. ............................................................. 2
1.2.1 General Objective. .............................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 Specific Objectives. ............................................................................................ 3
1.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 4
1.3.1. Observation ........................................................................................................ 4
1.3.2. Measurement ..................................................................................................... 4
1.3.3. Counting ............................................................................................................ 4
1.4 Method of Problem Analysis..................................................................................... 5
1.5 Fundamental of computer network ........................................................................... 5
1.5.1 Network device ................................................................................................... 6
1.5.2 NETWORK TOPOLOGY .................................................................................. 8
1.5.3 SWITCH CONFIGURATION ........................................................................... 9
1.5.4.1VLAN CONFIGURATION ............................................................................. 9
1.5.5 Trunk ................................................................................................................ 10
1.5.6 Advantage of using VLANs ............................................................................. 10
1.6 INTERNET SECURITY ......................................................................................... 11
1.7 FIREWALL............................................................................................................. 11
1.7.1 IMPORTANCE OF FIREWALL ..................................................................... 12
1.7.2 CONFIGURATION OF FIREWALL IN NETWORK .................................... 12
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................ 14
OVERVIEW OF AMU ................................................................................................ 14

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2.1 BACKGROUNG OF THE HOSTINIG COMPANY (AMU-ICT) ........................ 14

2.2 MISSION, VISSION AND CORE VALUE OF THE ARBA MINCH
UNIVERSITY-ICTDO ................................................................................................. 15
2.3 MAIN CUSTOMERS OF ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY ICTDO ...................... 15
2.4 OVERALL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND WORK FLOW OF AMU-
ICTDO ........................................................................................................................... 16
2.5 ICT DEVELOPMENT OFFICE ............................................................................. 17
CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................ 19
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ................................................................. 19
3.1 HOW I GET INTO AMU-ICTDO .......................................................................... 19
3.2 SECTION OF THE COMPANY ............................................................................ 19
3.3 ACTIVIY PERFORMANCE DURING INTERNSHIP ......................................... 19
3.4 NETWORKING TOOLS USED DURIN THE TIME OF INTERNSHIP ............. 21
3.6 FIBER OPTIC CABLE AND FIBER SPLICING .................................................. 31
3.6.1 Types of fiber optic cables................................................................................ 32
3.6.2 BASIC MATERIAL HAS BEEN USED FOR SPLICING FIBER OPTICS .. 33
3.6.3 HOW FIBERS ARE SPLICING END TO END ............................................. 35
3.7 Challenges we face during internship so far ........................................................... 36
3.7.1 Language Barrier .............................................................................................. 37
3.7.2 Complexity of Network Systems ...................................................................... 37
3.7.3 Limited Resources ............................................................................................ 37
3.7.4. Coordination and Collaboration ...................................................................... 38
3.7.5. Adaptation to New Technologies .................................................................... 38
3.7.6 Measure should be taken to overcome the challenges ...................................... 38
3.8 Recommended Solutions ......................................................................................... 39
3.8.1. Enhanced Language Support ........................................................................... 40
3.8.2. Advanced Training Modules ........................................................................... 40
3.8.3. Resource Management Improvement .............................................................. 40
3.8.4. Fostering Collaboration ................................................................................... 40
3.9 RESULTS................................................................................................................ 40
CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................... 42
THE OVERALL BENEFITS OF THE INTERNSHIP ................................................ 42
4.1 THE OVERALL BENEFITS I GAIN FROM THE INTERNSHIP ....................... 42

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4.1.1 Practical Skills .................................................................................................. 42

4.1.2 Theoretical Knowledge..................................................................................... 42
4.1.3 Interpersonal Communication .......................................................................... 43
4.1.4 Improvement in Team Playing Skills ............................................................... 44
4.1.5 Problem-Solving Capability ............................................................................. 45
4.1.5.1 Critical Thinking and Analytical Skills. ........................................................ 45
4.1.6 Improvement in Leadership skills ................................................................... 45
4.1.7 Work Ethics, Industrial Psychology, and Related Issues ................................ 46
4.1.8 Entrepreneurship Skills..................................................................................... 47
CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................ 49
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................ 49
5.1 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 49
5.2 RECOMMENDATION .......................................................................................... 49
5.3 STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSE STRENGTH ................................................... 51
5.4 REFERENCE .......................................................................................................... 52

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List of Figures
Fig 1.1 Network topologies................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Fig 1.2 Configuring firewall on server ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Fig 2.1 Main customers of ICTDO ....................................................................................16
Fig 2.2Orgnazation ,Structure and Work flow of AMU ICTDO ......................................17
Fig 2.3Structure of AMU_ICT development Office..........................................................18
Fig 3.1 Switch ...................................................................................................................22
Fig 3. 2 Twisted cable ........................................................................................................22
Fig 3.3 coaxial cable ..........................................................................................................23
Fig 3. 4 Fiber optic cable ...................................................................................................23
Fig 3.5 Punch Panel ..........................................................................................................24
Fig 3.6 Crimper tool ...........................................................................................................24
Fig 3.7 CAT6A ..................................................................................................................25
Fig 3. 8 Face plate with key stone jack ..............................................................................25
Fig 3. 9 punch down tool ...................................................................................................26
Fig 3.10 Cable ties .............................................................................................................26
Fig 3.11 Tape meter ...........................................................................................................27
Fig 3.12 Screwdriver .........................................................................................................27
Fig 3.13 fiber patch panel .................................................................................................33
Fig 3.14 Fiber Connectors..................................................................................................33
Fig 3.15 Splicing Machine ................................................................................................33
Fig 3.16 Fiber cleavers .......................................................................................................34
Fig 3.17 Stripper ................................................................................................................34
Fig 3.19 Fibers pigtail ........................................................................................................34
Fig 3.21 Protection join for fiber optic ..............................................................................34
Fig 3.22 practical session ...................................................................................................41
Fig 3.23 Practical session of trunk .....................................................................................41

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List of Acronyms
AMU………….Arba Minch University

CLI…………….Command Line Interface

DHCP………….Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

HTTP………….Hypertext Transfer Protocol

ICMP………...Internet Control Message Protocol

ICT…………..Information and Communication Technology

IOT…………...Internets of Things

IP……………..Internet Protocol

IT…………..…Information Technology

MAN………...Metropolitan Area Network

LAN…………..Local Area Network

STP……….….Spanning Tree Protocol

UTP……….…Unshielded Twisted Pair

VLAN….…...Virtual Local Area Network

WAN………….Wide Area Network

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CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction about internship
I am pleased to present my internship work flow at the AMU ICT Centre, where I had the
opportunity to work on an exciting practice on NETWORKING. Throughout my
internship, I was able to apply and expand our practical knowledge in the field of
Networking, and the experience has been truly amazing. The AMU ICT Centre provided
me with a dynamic and stimulating environment to enhance our practical skills and
contribute to real-world practice.

The Networking Workshop allowed me to work closely with a group of dedicated students
from AMU and other universities such as Dire Dawa University, Dilla University, Adama
University, SATA College and others. It was a valuable opportunity to apply the theoretical
concepts we had learned in our academic studies and witness their practical
implementations. Internship at AMU ICT Centre provided us with valuable skills that are
crucial in today’s interconnected world. The knowledge we gained not only enhances our
professional capabilities but also prepares us for future advancements in technology.

Internship is an opportunity offered by university to potential us (interns) to work at a firm

for a fixed period of time. This internship is usually given to undergraduate students and it
last in four months. An internship helps us to gain practical skills, work place experience
and greater knowledge of that industry, in exchange for the employer benefiting from the
labor. Internship is a great way to apply the knowledge from the classroom to real-world
experience. In addition to learning classroom, taking those skills into the work field and
applying them is a great way to explore different career paths and specializations that suit
individual interests for future. Internship gives us the skill and experience we pursue in the
career field. It does not only give an individual edge over other people when applying for
job, but also it prepares us for what to expect in our field and increases confidence in our
work. It benefits an individual in the working environment, builds our professional network
with other, structured work experience related to a student's major and/or career goal, an
experience that should enhance a student's academic, and personal development
Supervised by a professional in the field.

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1. 2 Project Mini Network Office

1.2.1 Min Networking Office
In addition, a mini project was given in order to simulate the real world practice that had
been shown to us by the instructors.

This was given prior to the New Year celebrations and was submitted upon our resumption.

A firewall is a security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network
traffic based on predetermined security rules. It serves as a barrier between a trusted
internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet. In this mini Cisco
Packet Tracer Project, we delve into the vital role of firewalls in safeguarding web servers
in a network. Firewalls act as the gatekeepers of network security, meticulously
scrutinizing and controlling incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined security
rules.

They serve as a barrier against unauthorized access and potential cyber threats, ensuring
that only legitimate traffic is allowed to reach the web server. The integration and
configuration of Laptops, PCs, Phones, Switches, Access Points, Servers, and Printers
provided a detailed understanding of their roles and interactions within a network.

Overall, the project demonstrated the importance of firewalls in a network and

effectiveness of Cisco Packet Tracer as a powerful tool for network simulation and
education, offering valuable hands-on experience with essential network components and
their interactions.
1.2 Objectives of the Practice and Mini Project.
1.2.1 General Objective.

The general objective of our internship on Networking was to bridge the gap between
theoretical knowledge and practical application on networking fundamentals such as
cabling, and utilizing Cisco Packet Tracer for everyday network simulations.

The hands-on practice we engaged in not only deepened our understanding of network
design and management but also equipped me with essential problem-solving skills.

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1.2.2 Specific Objectives.

Practical Application: To apply theoretical knowledge gained in the classroom to real-
world networking scenarios.

Skill Development: To enhance technical and soft skills relevant to the networking field.

Professional Growth: To gain insights into the industry and understand workplace
dynamics.

Network Configuration: To learn and practice configuring various networking devices

(routers, switches).

Troubleshooting: To develop skills in diagnosing and resolving network issues.

Security Protocols: To understand and implement network security measures and best
practices.

Documentation: To learn the importance of maintaining accurate network documentation

and reports.

Team Collaboration: To participate in team projects and understand collaborative

workflows within the department.

Exposure to Tools: To gain hands-on experience with network simulation tools and
monitoring software.

Industry Standards: To familiarize oneself with current industry standards and protocols
used in networking.

These objectives help ensure that the internship experience is both valuable and
educational, preparing us for future careers in networking.

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1.3 Methodology
Much of my data collection was via face to face interactions with the instructors and fellow
students from other institutes. The data collection methods included but not limited to;

1. Interviews: Conduct one-on-one discussions with the instructors and students to

understand the flow of Network devices in the set up. Where necessary, we asked
detailed questions concerning the project.
2. Observations: At some points, we had to simply observe the Network environment
to gain first-hand insight into the physical flow of networking devices.

1.3.1. Observation
The purpose of this method is to survey and gather information about the site where the
network installation is to be performed. Basic activities of this method are:

 Assessing the layout of the buildings and rooms.

 Identifying potential paths for network cable installation.
 Selecting the shortest and most efficient paths for creating a local area network
(LAN).

1.3.2. Measurement
The purpose of this method is to determine the distances involved in the network
installation.so the main activities include:-

 Measuring distances within rooms.

 Determining cable lengths.
 Measuring trunk lengths from the rack room to nodes or end users.
 Measuring distances from access switches to nodes or end users.

1.3.3. Counting
The purpose of Counting is to quantify the elements relevant to the network installation.
This method has some activities:

 Counting the number of nodes in rooms and buildings.

 Counting the number of switches and patch panels.
 Differentiating between functional and non-functional switches and patch panels.

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 Counting the number of users to assess network availability for personnel.

1.4 Method of Problem Analysis

The challenges and issues that arose during our internship required a structured problem
analysis methodology for effective resolution. This methodology involved a series of well-
defined steps:

 Problem Identification: our first step was to identify and define the problems and
challenges we encountered during our internship. These challenges encompassed
various domains, including language barrier, technical issues, time constraints, and
resources.
 Needs Assessment: This involves identifying the specific needs and requirements
of the AMU ICT Centre related to Networking. Conducting live interactions with
other students and instructors, reviewing existing systems, and analyzing current
points and bottlenecks.
 Solution Development: Once the root causes were identified, we was supposed to
formulate solutions and strategies to mitigate or resolve the issues. However,
solutions were already in place to address the specific challenges, and they ranged
from safe guarding of the University network using Fortuned Security, to
technical fixes and process improvements.

In general, my internship journey was fairly of low data collection as much of the
equipment were already available at hand. Simultaneously, AMU’s problem analysis
methodology provided a structured approach to identify, analyze, and resolve the
challenges that we would have otherwise encountered, ensuring that the University
network system is secure 24/7.

1.5 Fundamental of computer network

Is telecommunication channel through which we can share our data, it can be large enough
to accommodate millions of computers and accessories (internet) it can also be as small as
2 computers. Meanwhile, a local area network is type of computer network that is confined
to a limited geography area. Also it is a collection of interconnected devices that

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communicate and share resources. These devices can include computers, servers, routers,
switches and more.

And it has different type of network include;-

 LAN: that covers small geographical area like home or office

 WAN: which spans large geographical area, connecting multiple LANS
 MAN: it covers a city or a large campus
 PAN: it is a small network typically within large of few meter like Bluetooth device

1.5.1 Network device

Network device are hardware components that facilitate communication, data transfer, and
resource sharing in a computer devices and their functions:

 Router
Router traditionally translate network packets from one network to another and it receives
information from the internet, and transfers it to the right recipient on the local area
network. Here the router used has the capability of implementing the adaptive security
appliance (ASA) capabilities and other security policies.

It play a vital role in both home and enterprise networks, enabling seamless communication
and efficient data transfer.

Packet forwarding: Routers analyze incoming data packets and determine the best path
for them to reach their destination based on IP address

NAT: Allows multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address,
enhancing security and conserving IP addresses

DHCP: Assigns IP address to devices on the network automatically, simplifying network

management

Firewall capabilities: many routers include built-in firewalls to protect the network from
unauthorized access and threats.

Traffic Management: Routers can prioritize certain type of traffic (like Video streaming,
gaming) to ensure optimal performance

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Interconnecting different networks: Routers connect different types of network such as

LANs, WANs, and the internet, facilitating communication between them and the feathers
it can provide network address translation, Firewall capabilities, and DHCP services

. Switch

It is network device that connects multiple devices within a local area network and facilitates
communication between. Switch does almost the same job with the router. It distributes
packets to peripherals. But most importantly it sever as central connection point for cables
from the workstations, other switches etc.

Its function

Switches receive data packets and forward them to the appropriate device based on the MAC
(Media Access Control) addresses contained in the packets. Switches can filter traffic by only
sending data to the device for which it is intended, reducing unnecessary traffic on the network.

Segmentation:

By creation separate collision domains for each connected device, switches help improve
network performance and efficiency. Switches maintain a MAC address table to learn
which devices are connected to which ports, allowing for efficient data forwarding.

Many switches support full-duplex communication, allowing data to be sent and received
simultaneously, and improving network speed.

 Wireless Access point (WAP)

The wireless access point serves as an extension of the LAN to device that connect to the
network by the uses of cables. The WAP become the part of the network that visitors are
allowed to connect with the limited security but with some security as well. It is a
networking device that allows wireless device to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi
or other wireless standards.
Function of wireless access point
Wireless connectivity: It provides a wireless connection for devices such as laptops,
smartphones, tablets, and IoT devices to connect to the local area network

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Network extension: expands the coverage area of a wired network, allowing more devices
to connect in large spaces, such as offices or public areas

Traffic management: manages data traffic between wired and wireless networks, ensuring
efficient communication

SSID Broadcasting: implements security measures (like WPA3, WPA2) to protect

wireless communication from unauthorized access.

1.5.2 NETWORK TOPOLOGY

It refers to the arrangement of different elements like nodes, or device in a computer
network. It defines how these components are connected and interact with each other.
Understanding various

Network topology types it help in designing efficient and robust.

FIG 1.1 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

COMMON NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Bus (Linear & distributed)

 Best quality: low cost and minimized faults

 Limitation: hard to detect disruption

Star (Extended & Distributed)

 Best Quality: increased data speeds

 Limitation Network degradation due to failure of the a central hub

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Mesh (Fully & Partially connected)

 Best Quality: Reliable data transmission

 Limitation Redundant in link connection

Ring and Dual Ring (bidirectional link)

 Best Quality: Ease to manage

 Limitation: Increase in delay

Tree

 Quality: Helps long-distance data sharing

 Limitation: Increase in cost and complex to configure

1.5.3 SWITCH CONFIGURATION

1.5.4.1VLAN CONFIGURATION
The hierarchical topology segment the network into physical building blocks, simplifying
operation and increasing availability. Each layer within the hierarchical infrastructure has
a specific role. By default, switches break up collision domain and routers break up
broadcast domains. The supervisor said that by creating virtual local area network (VLAN)
in the distribution layer, switches break up broadcast domains in a pure switched
internetwork.

A VLAN is a logical grouping of network users and resources connected to

administratively defined ports on a switch. He also said that when you create VLANS,
you`re given the ability to create smaller broadcast domains within a layer 2 switched
internetworks by assigning different port on the switch to service different sub networks.
A VLAN is treated like its own subnet or broadcast domain, meaning that frames broadcast
onto the network are only switched between the ports logically grouped within the same
VLAN

VLANs consist of two basic goals

Creating the VLAN

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Assigning the proper port to that VLAN

VLAN can be created on a VTP server switch or they can be created on each individual
switches, hence we can implement on simply ordinary switch. Hence all the VLANs
configured in distribution switch will be propagated to all the respected access switches.
By default, all VLANs are allowed on trunks. You can explicitly control which VLANs
are allowed on a trunk by using the switch port trunk allowed vlan-id command on the
interface at each end of the trunk.

1.5.5 Trunk

Trunk is a process of connecting switches together so that they can send VLAN information
between each other. A trunk port is a point to point connection between switches, a switch
and a router, or even a switch and server, and it carries the traffic of multiple VLANS.
Configuration of trunk involves identifying trunk ports and selecting the encapsulation
type. Identifying the trunk port is a useful task in such a way that it ease VLAN
configuration and administration

1.5.6 Advantage of using VLANs

Performance: - routers that forward data in software becomes a bottleneck as LAN data
rates increase. Doing away with the routers removes this bottleneck

Formation of Virtual Workgroup: - Because workstations can be moved from one

VLAN to another just by changing the configuration on switches, it is relatively easy to
put all the people working together on a particular project all into a single VLAN. They
can then more easily share flies and resource with each other. To be honest though virtual
workgroups sound like a good idea in theory, but often do not work well in practice. It
turns out that users are usually more interested in accessing company-wide resource than
flies on each other’s PCs

Greater flexibility: - If users move their desks, or just move around the place with their
laptops, then if the VLANs are set up the right way they can plug their PC in at new location

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and still be within the same VLAB. This is much harder when a network is physically
divided up by routers.

Ease of partitioning off resources: - if there are servers or other equipment to which the
network administrator wished to limit access, then they can be put off into their own
VLAN. Then users in other VLANs can access selectively.

1.6 INTERNET SECURITY

Internet security consists of a range of security tactics for protecting activities and
transactions conducted online over the internet. These tactics are meant to safeguard users
from threats such as hacking into computer systems, email addresses, or websites;
malicious software that can infect and inherently damage systems; and identity theft by
hackers who steal personal data such as bank account information and credit card numbers.
Internet security is a specific aspect of broader concepts such as cyber security and
computer security, being focused on the specific threats and vulnerabilities of online access
and use of the internet.

In today's digital landscape, many of our daily activities rely on the internet. Various forms
of communication, entertainment, and financial and work-related tasks are accomplished
online. This means that tons of data and sensitive information are constantly being shared
over the internet. The internet is mostly private and secure, but it can also be an insecure
channel for exchanging information. With a high risk of intrusion by hackers and
cybercriminals, internet security is a top priority for individuals and businesses alike.

1.7 FIREWALL
Firewall is a device that protects one network from another while allowing communication
between the two. A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router, while adding
features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack. Several known types of intrusion or
attack can be recognized when they occur. When an incident is detected, the firewall can log
details of the attempt, and it can optionally send e-mail to an administrator to report the incident.
Using information from the log, the administrator can take action with the ISP of the hacker. In
some types of intrusions, the firewall can fend off the hacker by discarding all further packets from
the hacker`s IP address for a period of time

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1.7.1 IMPORTANCE OF FIREWALL

Traffic Control:-Firewalls filter traffic based on specified rules, allowing only authorized
communication and blocking potentially harmful traffic.

Protection against Unauthorized Access:-By controlling access to network resources,

firewalls prevent unauthorized users from gaining access to sensitive information and
systems.

Malware Prevention:-Firewalls can detect and block malware, such as viruses, worms,
and Trojans, by monitoring data packets and filtering out harmful content.

Intrusion Detection and Prevention:-Many modern firewalls come equipped with

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) that monitor
network traffic for suspicious activities.

Regulatory Compliance:-Firewalls help organizations comply with industry regulations

by ensuring data protection and maintaining secure network environments.

Logging and Monitoring:-Firewalls maintain logs of all traffic, which can be analyzed
for suspicious activity, helping in forensic investigations and security audits.

1.7.2 CONFIGURATION OF FIREWALL IN NETWORK

The course instructor explains how to build a LAN and configure the firewall on the web
server as a solution for ensuring security when accessing to web server. These are the main
requirements of configuring the firewall on a web server in computer networking and how
to allow access to a certain site and deny the ping of that site.

This process is done in the following steps;

1. Assign IP address to the Server.

2. Activate the DHCP service on the server.

3. Activate the HTTP services on the server.

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4. Configure the firewall within the server by denying the ICMP and Allow the IP.

5. Reconfigure the server by allowing the ICMP and IP on the server.

6. Ping the server and access the URL for each computer.

FIG 1.2 CONFIGURING FIREWALL ON SERVER

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CHAPTER TWO
OVERVIEW OF AMU
AMU is based in south-west Ethiopia. The University was initially founded as the Arba
Minch Water Technology institute (AWTI) and it was officially inaugurated as a full –
fledge University 2004 and started offering both undergraduate and graduate programs in
the following institutes, colleges and schools:

 Arba Minch institute of water technology

 Arba Minch institute of Technology
 College of Agriculture
 College of Natural science
 College of medicine and health sciences
 College of business and Economics
 College of social sciences and humanity
 School of behavioral and pedagogical sciences
 School of law
 Sawla campus

2.1 BACKGROUNG OF THE HOSTINIG COMPANY (AMU-ICT)

AMU ICT is an office which is intended to give varieties of support and services to the
university's community in the aspect of Information Technology and Communication. It
also acts as a bridge between the community and the leading technologies used in
universities now a day.

The Information and Communication Technology Directorate Office (ICTDO) has

operational, strategic and fiscal responsibility for the innovation, implementation and
advancement of technology at the university. Divided into three main areas, Network and
System Administration & End-User Support, Training and Consultancy Services and
Information Systems,

The Information and Communication Technology Directorate Office (ICTDO) is

composed of units (teams) to provide the primary management and support for computing
and technology services within the University. Those are:

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I. ICT Infrastructure and Service

II. Business Application Development and Administration

III. E-Learning Technologies

IV. Technical Support and Maintenance

V. Training Administration and Consultancy

The team is the main source of support and advice for both internal and external customers
on computing and technology issues. Each team has professional staffs under their head of
the team who has relevant skills and knowledge for the desired positions.

2.2 MISSION, VISSION AND CORE VALUE OF THE ARBA MINCH

UNIVERSITY-ICTDO
The ICT strategy summarizes the long-term goals and direction. It affects the design of the
ICTDO department directly. Moving from generic to specific, the planning focus moves
chronologically in the following order:

I) MISSION

To provide the university innovated and customized implementation and advancement of

ICT services

II) VISSION

The ICT works with a vision to transform the University into a competent and excellent
academic Centre in the world by equipping the university with current, leading and
effective Information and Communication Technology systems.

III) GOALS

To extend and maintain effective and versatile ICTDO services in accordance with the
operational, strategic and fiscal plan of the university to all campuses.

2.3 MAIN CUSTOMERS OF ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY ICTDO

The customers of AMU are divided in different groups of actors, who are linked to the
educational process being the main include: - Current students, potential students,

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employees, employers, government and industry. Which have classified the customers in
internal and external, emphasizing that the internal customer who are working to
satisfaction of the external customers. Besides, to the authors the customers can be
classified in primary ones and secondary ones, based on their location being as internal
customers or external ones and secondary frequency of interaction that the institution has
with them too. While consider that the product of higher education is the education and
then, depending on the role developed by them during the course, the students can be
classified as internal or external

F IG 1.2 MAIN CUSTOMERS OF AMU-ICTDO

2.4 OVERALL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND WORK FLOW OF

AMU-ICTDO
AMU has striven to emplace management system that is democratic, honest, inspiring
transparent, and highly participatory. The University has the two core processes and five
support processes. The University`s top management includes the president, four vice
presidents and deans/directors for academic and management includes improve efficiency
on major administration area such as budget utilization, business process (procurement,
finance, registrar, etc.) efficiency and decision making system in a transparent manner. IT
supported decision making is one of the areas under governance and management which
AMU will give special attention to.

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F IG 2.1 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND WORK FLOW OF AMU- ICTDO

2.5 ICT DEVELOPMENT OFFICE

The AMU_ICT center is the department of the AMU under the division of development
and strategy, concerned with conceiving, designing and implementing ICT strategies for
the University by providing the necessary infrastructure and network services. The unity
carries out are as following duties:-

Managing the university network as well as provide support for the network user. Helping
with the online security of the campus network. Providing technical support to system user
by helping with trainings and giving advices on best practices for the usage of personal
computers these duties are achieved majorly due to the co-operation of the diverse
professionals.

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F IG 2.2 S TRUCTURE OF AMU_ICT DEVELOPMENT O FFICE

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CHAPTER THREE
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
3.1 HOW I GET INTO AMU-ICTDO

I have been student of Electrical and computer engineering before four years back at Arba
Minch University and at this time I have seen a lot changes and great improvement growth
in the University. Though the organization which we can get, the existing network AMU
is expansion by information Network Security Agency (INSA).

AMU has understood that in today`s world of infrastructure that automates different office
activities is of great importance. So by wishing I can contribute different works based what
I have learned and I will engage good practical knowledge, I get into this organization. The
AMU network includes LAN network redesign and deployment, data center design and
construction, and server systems.

3.2 SECTION OF THE COMPANY

During I stay in the company, I have worked in Infrastructure team section specially
networking section from the various sectors offered. To I as an alternative to put into
practice the Network technology I have seen at the theory level because it is one of the
sections of the Organization that provides adequate functional training in the organization.

In this section there are many activities are done like network installation, wireless
network installation, network maintenance and give any service to AMU-ICT that are
related to network. The work I have been executing during the internship period I
performed the work Network installation in the block.

3.3 ACTIVIY PERFORMANCE DURING INTERNSHIP

During the time of internship I have manage to learn various technique concerning the task
I chose as team to do till the end of my internship. During the internship I learn all the
terms used define the gain of work experience before being employed full-time job in
future. Therefore the internship mean it`s way where the student can apply their knowledge
that they acquire during their study in the university or institute into the real –world project

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and to work experience that may help them to find full-time job in near future. Therefore
below are the activities we learn during the internship program at AMU ICT.

 Expanding the computer network

 Attending to minor internet issue such as distributing the patch panel, re-crimping
of the damage cable terminator (RJ-45) etc.
Generally we participate into different networking and network installation such as:-

 CISCO packet trace configuration and installation

 VLAN configuration using ordinary switch
 Fiber optic installation
 Switch
 Project title : Mini network office
Also, much of the work was done or shown practically by the Instructors. There was more
practice than theory and this widen our knowledge and opened I mind into the great world
of Networking. The hands-on experience with networking tools and equipment allowed me
to delve into practical applications, reinforcing theoretical knowledge and enhancing
problem-solving skills. This ultimate approach fostered deeper understanding and prepares
me for real-world challenges, making me more adept and confident in me future career.
Besides the practical aspect of me Internship, several tasks where done online. These tasks
focused on Networking knowledge and projects. I did an online course on Computing
Fundamentals at www.craftknowledge.com which I will focus more detail in chapter three,
where a certificate was awarded to me upon the completion of the course. These online
courses that offer certifications provide tangible proof of skills and knowledge, enhancing
a resume and demonstrating commitment to professional development. They also allow
interns to delve into specialized areas at their own pace, making learning more accessible
and relevant to current job market.

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3.4 NETWORKING TOOLS USED DURIN THE TIME OF INTERNSHIP

Materials Used includes:-

Optical fiber fusion splicer  Punch panel

 Screwdriver
 Fiber Cleaver
 Tester
 Unshielded Twisted
 Switch
 Cable tie
 Cutter
 Wire stripper
 Heat shrink tube
 Cat6A keystone jack
 Meter
 Fiber cleaning paper and alcohol
 Cutter
 Trunk
 Face plate
 Crimper
 Punch down too

Brief about networking devices we have been using our internship

Ethernet cable:-An Ethernet cable, also known as a network cable or LAN (Local Area
Network) cable, is a type of cable used to connect devices within a local network. It is the
most common means of wired communication in computer networks. Here are some key
characteristics of Ethernet cables:

Twisted Pair Construction

 RJ45 Connectors

 Color Coding

 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

 Flexibility

 Categories (CAT)

I use CAT6A (Category 6A): "A" stands for augmented. CAT6A cables support even
higher data rates (up to 10 Gbps or more) and offer better performance in terms of crosstalk
and interference. It is more preferable for computer lab network installation b/c of its
property.

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Switch

Switches is Multi-port, high-speed devices that receive data and redirect them to the correct
destination on a local area network (LAN). The switch can perform error checking before
forwarding data, which makes it very efficient as it does not forward packets that have
errors and forward good packets selectively to the correct port only. Thus, when a packet
is put onto the wire by one device, the switch reads the destination 14 address information
to determine if the destination device is connected to it. The switch forwards the packet
only to the destination device.

F IG 3.1 S WITCH

I. CABLLES; is the medium for transmission of the data through a network.

A. Twisted pair cable; It`s a cable that is used to transfer data in the form of
electromagnetic wave

F IG 3.2 TWISTED CABLE

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B. Coaxial cable It`s used for radio frequency signals, for example in cable television
distribution systems.

F IG 3.3 COAXIAL CABLE

C. Fiber Cable: - Which has a high speed and the most expensive internet cable,

is used when high speed connection is required. It is mostly used to connect

two or more servers and also server and switch. I used a Splicer to cut and
make it safe for use.

F IG 3.4 F IBER OPTIC CABLE

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II. Patch panel

A device that provides cable organization and termination points for network connections,
commonly used in data centers and telecommunications rooms. I use a patch panel which
has 24 ports for practical purpose.

F IG 3.5 PUNCH P ANEL

III. Crimper tool

Crimper is a specialized hand tool designed for crimping or compressing connectors onto
the ends of wires or cables. It is widely used in various industries, including networking,
telecommunications, electronics, and electrical work. The primary purpose of a crimper is
to create a secure and reliable electrical connection by joining a connector to a wire or cable
through the process of crimping. I used this tool to remove the insulation from the inner
twisted pair cable.

F IG 3.6 CRIMPER TOOL

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IV. CAT6A

I use CAT6A (Category 6A): "A" stands for augmented. CAT6A cables support even
higher data rates (up to 10 Gbps or more) and offer better performance in terms of crosstalk
and interference. It is more preferable for computer lab network installation b/c of its
property

F IG 3.7 CAT6A

Face plate with Key stone jack

A faceplate with a keystone jack is a common component in structured cabling systems,

especially in network installations. A faceplate is a wall-mounted or surface-mounted plate
that provides a tidy and organized termination point for various connectors and outlets. It
is typically installed on walls, in network cabinets, or on the surface of furniture. A
keystone jack is a modular connector that fits into the faceplate. It serves as an interface
for connecting various types of cables to create a standardized connection point

F IG 3.8 F ACE PLATE WITH KEY STONE JACK

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V. Punch down tools

A punch-down tool is a hand tool used in telecommunications and networking for

terminating or connecting wires to a punch-down block, patch panel, or keystone jack. It
is commonly employed in structured cabling systems to make secure and permanent
connections between cables and terminals. In network installations, punch-down tools are
employed to connect Ethernet cables to keystone jacks or terminate cables on patch panels.

F IG 3.9 PUNCH DOWN TOOL

VI. Cable ties

A cable tie is a type of fastener used for holding items together, most commonly electrical
cables or wires. Standard cable ties are usually made from nylon grade 6.6 and are used to
bundle items. Functioning like straps to keep cables tidy, they're available in a range of
sizes from small to large.

F IG 3. 10 CABLE TIES

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VII. Tape Meter; Tape Meter is a flexible ruler used to measure length or distance.
We used this material to measure the length of cable, trunk that correctly fit to
the wall.

F IG 3.11 TAPE METER

X. Screwdriver

A tool used for turning screws, usually having a handle of wood, plastic, etc. and a steel
shank with a flattened square-cut tip that fits into a slot in the head of the screw

F IG 3.12 SCREWDRIVER

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XI. Cable tester

It is used to test a cable whether it`s working or not. This device has two plugin sockets for
the end outlet part of the cable. A cable tester is a diagnostic tool used to verify the integrity
and connectivity of network cables, wiring, and connections. It helps identify faults, breaks,
or misconfigurations in the cables, ensuring that network installations operate correctly.
Cable testers come in various types and are commonly used in IT, networking,
telecommunications, and home installations. Capable of mapping the wires within a cable,
showing how each wire corresponds to the connector at the other end.

Fig 3.13 Cable Tester

Network infrastructure Analysis and design

Before creating anything it is necessary to design a logical representation of the project to

make sure it is workable. Then after that, consider its feasibility. To do this, you want to
consider the financial implication of creating a network, the manpower, the importance and
necessity, the cost of the maintenance and so on. In the design phase; deciding what
topology you want to use is necessary as well as, what kind of cables you would need and
what network devices you need to purchase. So that network installation have been
implemented to be extremely careful of the expected outcome before we had gone ahead
and laying down the foundation for a computer network.

To do so this network installation in optimal way we have been done step by step as follow

 Select the suitable room for switch arrangement

 Label the shortest path for trucking which is 65cm above and trunk it
 Label each UTP cables in both side i.e.; to the node and to the UTP punch panel.

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 Punch the terminals of the UTP into the female and male RJ-45 connector by using
puncher and clamper. While we were punching UTPs to RJ-45 connector; separate
the accessories and trunks i.e.; accessories to users or nodes and trunks for giving
connection from one floor to another or by the case of small factor protocol (FSP)
module.

The way in which UTP cables are twisted (which pin on end is connected to which pin on
the other end) have two modes (standards); these standard A&B

Pin#B Color Pin#A Color

1 White with orange stripe 1 White with green stripe
2 Orange 2 Green
3 White with green stripe 3 White with orange stripe
4 Blue 4 Blue
5 White with blue stripe 5 White with blue stripe
6 Green 6 Orange
7 White with green stripe 7 White with brown stripe
8 Brown 8 Brown

Table 2.1 color arrangement for the standard A&B

Standard _B cable means straight through cabling. The cable wire goes through straight
transmission wires over to the reception end. It is uses for inter connecting dissimilar
devices.
Standard a cabling means crossover cabling. It uses for inter connecting similar devices i.e.
switch with switch, PCs with PCs.

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The steps that we have been made for nominal network cabling are included below:
1. Striping (remove) the outside insulation
2. Untwisted the wire
3. Sorting the wire based on standards and insert into the RJ-45 connector
A network computer carries an array of benefits including:-
 Increase productivity
 Reduced costs
 Higher data security
 Centralized data backup etc.

Basic equipment that have been used are included below:-

Stripper, clamper, node connector, UTP punch panel, puncher scotch, bits(screws), drill,
cutter, trunk, node holder, saw, UTP CAT-6 cable, etc.

UTP CAT-6 cables used for expand the network connection. It has two wounded
conductors for the purpose of canceling out or reduces the noise from external source

Clamper used for crimping network cables

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Intra-Building and inter-Building Network installation

Hence we didn`t implement the inter-building & intra-building network installation but as
we understand little experience from our mentor in AMU_ICT;

 Inter-building network installation; while with SMF cable is arrived from the mini-
DCs the SMF is spliced into the fiber patch panel which is in 1st floor the 2nd and
3rd floor are arrived network connections by the case of SFP module to the fiber
patch panel of other one.

Intra-building network installation; among buildings the network installation is healed by

splicing MMF from the block which is already connected with the min-DCs to another one

3.6 FIBER OPTIC CABLE AND FIBER SPLICING

Fiber optic cables are advance transmission mediums that use light to transmit data. They
consist of thin strands of glass or plastic fibers, which carry signals in the form of light
pulses.

They are essential for modern communication systems, providing high-speed, reliable, and
efficient data transmission. Their continued development and deployment play a crucial
role in meeting the growing demands for bandwidth and connectivity.

Components of fiber optic

Core: The central part of the fiber where light travels.

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Cladding: A layer surrounding the core that reflects light back into core, allowing it to
travel longer distances

Buffer coating: protective layer that shields the fiber from damage and moisture.

Outer jacket: The outermost layer that provides additional protection.

3.6.1 Types of fiber optic cables

Single-Mode Fiber

 Has a small core diameter (about 8-10 microns).

 Designed for long-distance communication
 Allows only one mode of light to propagate
Multi-Mode fiber:
 Has a large core diameter (about 50-62.5 microns).
 Suitable for short-distance communication
 Supports multiple modes of light.
Advantages of fiber optic

High bandwidth: can transmit large amounts of data at high speeds.

Long distance: Signals can travel much farther without degradation compared to copper
cables.

Immunity to Electromagnetic interference: Not affected by electrical noise, making

them reliable in various environments.

Light Weight and Flexible: Easier to install and manage than traditional cables.

Applications of fiber optic cable:-

Telecommunications: Used for internet, telephone, and television services.

Networking: Connects data centers and network infrastructures.

Medical: Employed in imaging and diagnostic equipment.

Military and Aerospace: Utilized in secure and high-speed communication systems.

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3.6.2 BASIC MATERIAL HAS BEEN USED FOR SPLICING FIBER OPTICS
 FIBER PATCH PANEL

It is a piece of fiber network equipment that includes array of ports on one panel. They
allow for data to be transmitted rapidly over long distances, they typically enable more
bandwidth and higher speeds for users.

F IG 3.14 FIBER PATCH PANEL

Fiber connectors (SC, LC)

F IG 3.15 F IBER CONNECTORS

Splicing machine: is used to connect fiber optic wired with fiber patch cord by applying
localized heating.

F IG 3.16 SPLICING M ACHINE

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Fiber Cleavers (cutter); it is a machine used to cut the wires of fiber optic in the same
length

F IG 3.17 FIBER CLEAVERS

Stripper

F IG3.18 S TRIPPER

Fibers pigtails Protection of joints: are used to protect the splices of fibers optic wire from
damage

F IG 3.19 F IBERS PIGTAIL

F IG 3.20 P ROTECTION JOIN FOR FIBER OPTIC

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3.6.3 HOW FIBERS ARE SPLICING END TO END

Fiber optic cable is an essential component of many modern communication networks,
offering fast and reliable data transmission over long distances. Splicing fiber optic cable
is a critical process that requires precision and attention to detail to ensure the continuity
of the signal and the integrity of the data transmission. Fiber can be connected to each other
by fusion splicing, Mechanical splicing and by used of connector. Therefore Fusion
splicing is the most commonly used method and we have been using this method during
our work. Because fusion splicer have advanced in ease of use and speed, people who are
responsible for and those who are perform fusion splicing do need specific knowledge
about fiber, splicing and testing of the results.

FUSION SPLICING OF FIBER OPUTICAL FIBERS

Fusion Splicing is method of joining two optical fibers end-to-end using heat. The goal is
to joint two fiber together in such a way that optical signal passing through the fibers is not
attenuated or reflected back by the splice. The splice and the region surrounding should be
almost as strong as the fiber itself.

TOOL AND MATERIAL

Before beginning the splicing machine, below are tool are;

 Optical fiber cable

 Optical fiber fusion splicer
 Protective sleeve and heat shrink tubing
 Cable stripping tool
 Cleaver
 Alcohol pads
The source of the necessary heat is usually an electric are;

The following step are necessary to splice optical fiber

 Strip the coasting off the two fibers that will be spliced together
 Clear the stripped fiber

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 Each fiber must be cleaved so that its end-face is perfectly flat and perpendicular
to the axis of the fiber
 Aligning of two end-faces of the fibers. This is normally done by the splicing
machine by means of; fixed V-groove, optical core alignment, cladding alignment
or local injection and detection of light (LID)
 The two fibers are fused together
 Visual inspection of the splice and splice loss estimation (available on most splicing
machine). Redo the splice (step 1 to 6) in case an error is found
 Check mechanical strength of the splice
 The bare fiber area around the splice is protected with a splice protector.

Alternatives to fusion splicing include using optical fiber connectors or mechanical splices
both of which have in general higher insertion losses, lower reliability and higher return
losses than fusion splicing. During installation, the splice loss is estimated by the optical
image processing system of the splicer unit. Based on this estimation, the splice can be
approved or rejected since while we have been splicing the fiber cable loss.

3.7 Challenges we face during internship so far

During my internship at AMU ICT, I was immersed in the dynamic realm of network
installation, specifically geared towards enhancing the accessibility of resources for
students. Some of the challenges we have faced while performing our work tasks are:

 The Company did not start the internship in the first three weeks of July due to
Grade 12 exam which took place during time of our internship
 Learning Curve: Adapting to a new work environment brought forth a learning
curve that extended beyond technical aspects. Understanding company processes
and becoming proficient in new technologies or tools presented an initial challenge
that demanded swift acclimatization.
 Technical Challenges: Setting up a computer library network installation involves
grappling with a spectrum of technical challenges, network configuration, and
software setup. The intricacies of ensuring a seamless operation across diverse
technical aspects posed a formidable challenge.

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 Time Management: b/c of company work timeline problem I couldn’t start early.
Additionally my advisor was so busy, so that we cannot have enough time with him
to shown my more work to be done.

3.7.1 Language Barrier

Communication Issues: 97% of the discussions and instructions were passed on in

Amharic which barely let [Gatkuoth and Deng Moses] catch nothing much on discussion.
Interacting with diverse team members and other students often led to misunderstandings
due to language differences.

Documentation Accessibility: Many technical documents were not available at the

Internship place, hindering our ability to fully understand procedures and protocols.

3.7.2 Complexity of Network Systems

Diverse Technologies: The networking environment encompassed a wide range of

technologies and configurations, which required a steep learning curve. Understanding
how various components interacted was often overwhelming for us as it was our first time
to come across some of the equipment.

Troubleshooting Challenges: Diagnosing network issues became difficult due to the

interconnectedness of systems. Identifying the root cause often involved navigating
through multiple potential failure points of which not much was shown to me.

3.7.3 Limited Resources

Equipment Availability: Access to certain diagnostic tools and equipment was limited,
making it challenging to perform hands-on testing and troubleshooting effectively. For
instance, the Organization didn’t have enough RJ-45 Connectors for our practice.

Time Constraints: Tight deadlines on projects sometimes left little room for in-depth
exploration of issues or comprehensive learning opportunities. The grade 12 exams done
in campus wasted about 3 weeks of my time before I could begin our internship.

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3.7.4. Coordination and Collaboration

Team Dynamics: Working with different students from other universities and institutions
led to coordination challenges. Different work styles and communication preferences
created delays in progress.

3.7.5. Adaptation to New Technologies

Rapidly Evolving Tools: The fast pace of technological change in networking tools and
software required constant adaptation. Keeping up with updates and new features often felt
daunting.

Skill Gaps: Some technical areas, such as advanced security protocols and network
optimization techniques, were outside our initial expertise, necessitating additional self-
study and training.

3.7.6 Measure should be taken to overcome the challenges

To address the challenges faced during my internship at AMU ICT Center, I came up with
several measures to mitigate the issues and enhance my learning experience. By
implementing these recommended solutions, AMU ICT Center can further enhance its
support for future interns, creating a more inclusive and productive learning environment
in the networking department.

 Language Barrier

Language Support Services: The University should provide access to language

workshops and tutoring sessions for those not familiar with Amharic, helping interns be
motivated towards learning.

Bilingual Documentation: The networking department should start developing bilingual

FAQs and guides for common issues, making it easier for non-native speakers to access
essential information.

 Complexity of Network Systems

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Structured Training Sessions: The department should organize regular training sessions
focused on specific technologies and systems, breaking down complex concepts into more
digestible parts.

Mentorship Program: Pairing interns with experienced staff members will enhance
personalized guidance in understanding the intricacies of the network setup and
troubleshooting methods.

 Limited Resources

Equipment Access: Efforts should be made to improve access to diagnostic tools, ensuring
that all team members had the necessary equipment for effective testing and
troubleshooting.

 Time Management Strategies: The instructors should set a well time frame for
interns’ learning to minimizing rushed conclusions.
 Coordination and Collaboration

 Regular Meetings: Regular meetings should be instituted to facilitate open

communication, discuss ongoing projects, and address any concerns or roadblocks
collaboratively.
 Adaptation to New Technologies

Self-Directed Learning Resources: The department should encourage the use of online
courses and resources to help interns and staff stay updated on the latest networking
technologies and best practices.

Workshops on Emerging Tools: Periodic workshops were organized to introduce new

tools and software updates, ensuring that everyone was on the same page and equipped
with the necessary skills.

3.8 Recommended Solutions

In addition to the measures already implemented, I recommend the following solutions to

further address the challenges:

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3.8.1. Enhanced Language Support

Translation Tools: Invest in AI-driven translation software that can assist in real-time
communication during technical support interactions. This should help in translating
Amharic to English and maybe other selected languages as well.

3.8.2. Advanced Training Modules

Focused Technical Workshops: Offer advanced training sessions on specific networking

topics, such as security protocols and network optimization, to address skill gaps more
effectively.

Hands-On Simulations: Incorporate simulation-based training for complex systems,

allowing interns to practice troubleshooting in a risk-free environment.

3.8.3. Resource Management Improvement

Centralized Resource Database: Create a centralized set of networking tools and

equipment that can be easily accessed by students, optimizing resource availability.

3.8.4. Fostering Collaboration

Team-Building Activities: Organize regular team-building exercises to strengthen

interpersonal relationships and improve team dynamics, which can enhance collaboration.

Mentorship Expansion: Broaden the mentorship program to include not just interns but
also junior staff, fostering a supportive learning environment across all levels.

3.9 RESULTS
The primary purpose of our internship at the university was to gain practical experience in
networking technologies and their applications in an academic environment. By working
closely with the university's Networking Department, we was able to understand the
complexities of network design, management, and troubleshooting. This hands-on
experience complemented our theoretical knowledge and prepared us for a career in
network administration and support. Networking enables devices and systems to connect,

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share resources, and communicate efficiently. In educational institutions, robust

networking is crucial for facilitating online learning, research collaboration, and access to
information. It also supports administrative functions, ensuring that various departments
can operate smoothly.

Fig 3.21 practical session

F IG 3.22 P RACTICAL SESSION OF TRUNK

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CHAPTER FOUR
THE OVERALL BENEFITS OF THE INTERNSHIP
4.1 THE OVERALL BENEFITS I GAIN FROM THE INTERNSHIP
An internship is a period of work experience offered by an employer to give students and
graduates exposure to the working environment, often within a specific industry, which
relates to their field of study. Internship is the beginning of the road that will take me to
the point we want to be at after our Graduation. Internship is a practice I need to perform,
because it prepares me for the business life that we aim at. There were lots of benefits that
I have gained from our internship program since it was our first practical experience
everything there was new and important to me. I mentioned the benefits in terms of:

 Improving our practical skills

 Upgrading our theoretical knowledge
 Interpersonal communication
 Improving our team playing skills
 Problem-solving capability
 Critical thinking and Analytical skills
 Improving our leadership skills
 Understanding about work ethics issues, company psychology and related issues.
 Entrepreneurship skills

4.1.1 Practical Skills

Hands-on experience with networking equipment, including routers, switches, and cabling.
Proficiency in cable management and testing (e.g., RJ-45 and fibre optic).
Experience in setting up and troubleshooting network configurations.
Practical skills related to configuration of various devices and implementing of security
measures.
4.1.2 Theoretical Knowledge
The internship provided an opportunity to delve deeply into advanced theoretical concepts
related to Networking. Exposure to cutting-edge methodologies, frameworks, and best
practices expanded our theoretical understanding of modern networking principles.

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Integration of Academic Learning with Practical Application

The internship facilitated the integration of academic learning with practical application,
bridging the gap between theoretical concepts and real-world implementation. This fusion
of theory and practice enriched our understanding of fundamental networking concept and
their practical implications.

Exploration of Emerging Trends and Technologies

Exposure to emerging trends and technologies in the networking domain broadened our
theoretical knowledge base.
Enhanced understanding of networking concepts, protocols, and technologies. Application
of theoretical principles in real-world scenarios, bridging the gap between classroom
learning and practical application. Knowledge of industry standards and best practices in
network design and implementation.
4.1.3 Interpersonal Communication
Effective Verbal and Written Communication

Participating in collaborative projects and team-based activities improved the team's ability
to communicate effectively through both verbal and written channels. This included clear
and articulate verbal communication as well as precise and professional written
communication.

Active Listening and Empathetic Communication

The internship environment provided opportunities to develop active listening and

empathetic communication skills. Team members learned to listen attentively, understand
diverse perspectives, and communicate with empathy and understanding.

Conflict Resolution and Negotiation

Encountering diverse viewpoints and working styles within the team facilitated the
development of conflict resolution and negotiation skills. The team members gained
experience in navigating differences through effective communication and negotiation.

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Cross-Cultural Communication

Engaging in a diverse work environment provided exposure to cross-cultural

communication dynamics. The experience allowed team members to adapt their
communication style to effectively interact with individuals from different cultural
backgrounds.

4.1.4 Improvement in Team Playing Skills

Strengthened Collaborative Abilities

The internship experience significantly contributed to the enhancement of team playing

skills within the team.

Effective Communication and Coordination

Participating in team-based projects and activities improved the team's ability to

communicate effectively and coordinate tasks with fellow team members. This led to a
more seamless workflow and enhanced project management.

Conflict Resolution and Compromise

Encountering diverse perspectives and working styles within the team facilitated the
development of conflict resolution and compromise skills. The team learned to navigate
differences constructively and reach consensus on project-related decisions.

Leadership and Followership

The internship experience allowed team members to develop leadership skills while also
embracing followership when necessary. This balance enhanced the team's ability to lead
initiatives and contribute effectively as part of a larger team.
Collaboration with colleagues and mentors on network projects, emphasizing the
importance of teamwork. Experience in sharing knowledge and learning from peers,
enhancing group dynamics.
Participation in group discussions and brainstorming sessions to develop collaborative
solutions.

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4.1.5 Problem-Solving Capability

Complex Task Resolution

Engaging in real-world practice during the internship provided opportunities to tackle

complex challenges. This experience of the instructors guided me in approaching intricate
problems methodically and develop innovative solutions.

4.1.5.1 Critical Thinking and Analytical Skills.

Development of critical thinking skills through troubleshooting and resolving network
issues. This led to the development of a structured problem-solving approach and the
ability to dissect problems into manageable components.

Adaptability and Creativity in Solutions

Encountering diverse challenges during the internship fostered adaptability and creativity
in devising solutions.

Collaborative Problem-Solving

Participating in team-based problem-solving activities improved collaborative problem-

solving capabilities. The experience of working with other students and instructors
addressed complex issues enhanced our understanding of concepts. Exposure to various
network challenges, fostering a proactive approach to problem-solving. Ability to analyze
situations and implement effective solutions under time constraints.
4.1.6 Improvement in Leadership skills
Leadership skills are the tool behavior and capabilities that a person need in order to be
successful at motivating and directing others. I gained leadership skill from my supervisor
during the internship period which includes managing time, motivating individuals during
the internship program I saw how the supervisor monitors the employees and as well as
other team leaders. I develop leadership skills by taking initiative, demonstrating
responsibility, and showing a proactive attitude. By showing leadership qualities, such as
problem-solving, organization, and effective communication, I can make a positive impact
on the projects I am involved in. Thus the following are some of the leadership skill we
attained that a good leader should to experience:

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 Accountability
 Transparency and openness
 Respect others experience and ability
 Control the learning experience
 Hold the individual’s interest
 Being a model for others

4.1.7 Work Ethics, Industrial Psychology, and Related Issues

Professional Conduct and Integrity

Engaging in a professional work environment provided opportunities to develop a strong

sense of work ethics and integrity. I learned to uphold professional standards, ethical
conduct, and accountability in their work.

Team Dynamics and Organizational Behavior

Participating in team-based projects facilitated a deeper understanding of team dynamics

and organizational behavior. The experience allowed me to observe and analyze
interpersonal relationships, communication patterns, and group dynamics within the
organizational context.

Conflict Resolution and Stress Management

Encountering workplace challenges led to the development of conflict resolution and stress
management skills. The team members gained insights into managing conflicts
constructively and addressing stress-related issues within the work environment.

Motivation and Engagement

Observing employee motivation factors and engagement strategies provided valuable

insights into industrial psychology. The internship experience contributed to an
understanding of how to foster a positive work environment and motivate team members
effectively.

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Project Management and Decision-Making

Participating in project management activities and decision-making processes provided

opportunities to develop leadership skills. I gained experience in setting project priorities,
allocating resources, and making informed decisions.

Mentorship and Coaching

Engaging in mentorship and coaching roles within the team facilitated the development of
leadership qualities. Providing guidance to junior team members and sharing knowledge
contributed to the cultivation of mentorship skills.

Effective Delegation and Empowerment

The internship experience allowed team members to refine their delegation and
empowerment skills. Learning to assign tasks, trust team members with responsibilities,
and empower others to contribute positively to projects were key aspects of leadership
development.

4.1.8 Entrepreneurship Skills

Cultivation of Entrepreneurial Mindset

The internship experience significantly contributed to the cultivation of entrepreneurship

skills within the team. The following benefits were gained in terms of developing an
entrepreneurial mindset:

Innovation and Creativity

Engaging in innovative projects and problem-solving activities fostered a culture of

innovation and creativity. The team members learned to think outside the box and explore
unconventional solutions to challenges.

Risk Assessment and Management

The internship provided opportunities to assess risks and make informed decisions in a
dynamic environment. Developing risk management skills and the ability to navigate
uncertainties were key aspects of cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset.

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Opportunity Identification and Pursuit

Encountering diverse project scenarios allowed team members to identify opportunities for
growth and development. The experience of pursuing new opportunities and exploring
potential areas of expansion contributed to the development of entrepreneurial skills.

Adaptability and Resilience

The internship environment required adaptability and resilience in the face of challenges.
Developing the ability to pivot, embrace change, and persevere through setbacks were
essential components of cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset.

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CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our journey of Network practice in AMU ICT Center has been a valuable
learning experience, allowing me to gain extensive knowledge and expertise in various
networking tools. Working on networking fundamentals allowed me to bridge the gap
between theoretical knowledge and practical application

Understanding the interconnectedness of Network operations is essential for fostering a

supportive educational environment. The experience has equipped me with practical
knowledge that will benefit my future endeavors in the field. This experience reinforced
the importance of skills in addressing complex challenges in a technical networking
environment.

The challenges, while significant, provided valuable learning opportunities throughout my

internship. The measures taken to address these challenges were effective in improving our
experience and facilitating better communication and collaboration at the internship
environment.

I am grateful for the opportunity and look forward to applying the skills and knowledge
gained during this experience in my future endeavors.

5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This recommendation section serves as a roadmap for implementing positive changes or
addressing challenges that I had identified in the report while at Internship. It highlights
opportunities for improvement, suggests best practices, and guides towards achieving
desired outcomes.

Continuous System Maintenance:

It is recommended that the AMU ICT Centre allocates resources for ongoing system
maintenance and updates. Regular maintenance will ensure the system remains secure,

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stable, and compatible with the evolving technological landscape. This includes monitoring
system performance, fixing bugs, and implementing necessary security patches.

User Training and Support:

To promote effective awareness of networking fundamentals in the University, the AMU

ICT Centre should prioritize providing comprehensive user training and support.
Conducting training sessions for staff members, lecturers, and interns will help them fully
understand the organization’s functionalities and optimize their Network usage.
Additionally, establishing a support mechanism, such as a dedicated help desk or user
forum, will allow interns to seek assistance and resolve any issues they may encounter.

Research and Development:

Encourage research and development initiatives within the University in order to explore
advancements in AMU ICT Centre, emerging technologies, and best practices. By staying
up-to-date with the latest trends, the Networking Department can contribute to the
continuous improvement of AMU ICT Centre and provide valuable insights to the
university.

Collaboration with other agencies:

Foster closer collaboration between the university and industry partners, such as IT
Network Solutions, Addis Ababa. Establishing partnerships can provide opportunities for
joint research projects, internships, and industry-sponsored projects. This collaboration can
enhance the practicality and relevance of academic programs while allowing students to
gain real-world experience in networking.

Workshops and Case Studies:

Conduct workshops and case study sessions that focus on real-world problems faced by
networking companies. Through interactive activities and discussions, interns can analyze
and propose solutions to these challenges. Workshops and case studies encourage critical
thinking, problem-solving skills, and the application of theoretical knowledge in practical
scenarios.

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5.3 STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSE STRENGTH

The company has a strong expertise in various aspects of Networking. This provides
students with the opportunity to learn from experienced professionals and work on practical
using different technologies, thus enabling to build valuable connections and potentially
leads to future job opportunities.

The company allows interns to gain experience working on real-world projects. This
practical experience is highly valuable and can help them develop their skills and
knowledge. The company also has a strong focus on continuous learning and growth.

The supervisors are sociable and available to support interns which helps in improving
their learning and professional development.

WEAKNESSES

Inadequate internet connection: In today's digital age, reliable internet connectivity is

crucial for efficient communication, access to information, and the completion of tasks.

A lack of reliable internet can severely hamper productivity and hinder my ability to
operate.

It can lead to delays in accessing essential resources, difficulty in collaborating with

remote team members or clients, and interruptions in online communication channels.

Ultimately, this can impact the timely delivery of projects and diminish our overall
effectiveness.

Lack of a practical workplace in the organization which is crucial for the efficient practice
and testing. Lack of workplace for interns can hinder their practical expertise and
development

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5.4 REFERENCE
[1]. "Arba minch university," [Online]. Available:http://www.amu.edu.et.

[2].T. Lammle, Cisco certified network associate study guide 5th edition, london: Neil

Edde,
.

[3].T. Lammle, (2003) “CCNA: Cisco certified network associate study guide”, 5th

Edition,
SYBEX Press,

[4]. Francis PolLim, (2016) A Review -Analysis of Network Topologies for

Microenterprises. Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.135 (CES- CUBE 2016),
2287- 1233 [4]. Chris Partsenidis, (2001), Firewall.cx- Routing Information and Expertise
to Network Professionals,Available from World Wide Ib:

http://www.firewall.cx/cisco-technical-knowledgebase/cisco-routers/336-cisco-router-

8021q-
routerstick.html

[5]. “Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach “, 5th edition, Jim Kurose, [6].Keith

Ross
Addison-Isley, April 2009.

“Computer Networks”, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003.

[6]. The complete Guide to Network wiring, Third edition by David Barnett, David Groth,

Jim
McBee.

[7]. http://www.youtube.com/NetworkingIssue , Network Topology, VLAN

Switch Configuration.

AMU practical report guideline

AASTU internship report guide.

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/how-to-write-an-internship-
report

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