7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

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Paper 3
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates

1 A list of substances is shown.

brass
calcium oxide
carbon monoxide
diamond
glucose
hydrogen
litmus
magnesium bromide
methyl orange
sodium chloride
stainless steel
thymolphthalein
water
zinc oxide

Answer the following questions about these substances.

Each substance may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which substance:

(e) is a salt that contains a positive ion with a charge of 1+

............................................................................................................................................... [1]
7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

2 This question is about metals and compounds of metals.

(b) Choose the metal chloride that is insoluble in water.

Tick (✓) one box.

magnesium chloride

potassium chloride

silver chloride

sodium chloride
[1]

3 This question is about iron.

(c) Rust is hydrated iron(III) oxide.

(i) Define the term hydrated.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

4 (d) Copper(II) sulfate can be used to test for the presence of water.

CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l) CuSO4•5H2O(s)

anhydrous hydrated
copper(II) sulfate copper(II) sulfate

(i) State the meaning of the term hydrated.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe how hydrated copper(II) sulfate is changed to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

5 (c) Zinc chloride is soluble in water.

Choose one other compound that is soluble in water.

Tick (✓) one box.

calcium carbonate

lead(II) chloride

silver chloride

sodium nitrate
[1]

6 A list of substances is shown.

ammonium nitrate
carbon monoxide
copper(II) chloride
ethane
ethene
litmus
methane
methyl orange
sodium chloride
sodium sulfate
sulfur dioxide
thymolphthalein

Answer the following questions using only the substances from the list.
Each substance may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the name of the substance that:

(c) is a salt which has a negative ion with a charge of 2–

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

7 (b) Which one of these salts is soluble in water?

Tick one box.

barium sulfate

calcium carbonate

ammonium sulfate

iron(II) hydroxide
[1]
7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Paper 4
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates
unless indicated in the question

8 The Haber process is used to manufacture ammonia.

(c) Ammonia reacts with an acid to form ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4.

(i) State the formula of the acid used.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State one use of ammonium sulfate.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the percentage composition by mass of nitrogen in (NH4)2SO4.

percentage of nitrogen = ............................... % [2]

9 Copper is element 29 in the Periodic Table.

(d) Hydrated copper(II) sulfate is a coloured compound. It exists as hydrated crystals which
contain water molecules.

(i) State the term given to water molecules present in hydrated crystals.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the colour of hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Write the formula of hydrated copper(II) sulfate.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]
7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

10 (g) Propanoic acid reacts with aqueous sodium carbonate to form a salt.

(i) Suggest the name of the salt formed.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest the formula of the anion in this salt.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

11 Some symbol equations and word equations, A to J, are shown.

A Fe3+ + 3OH– → Fe(OH)3
B H+ + OH– → H2O
C ethane + chlorine → chloroethane + hydrogen chloride
D C12H26 → C8H18 + C4H8
E ethene + steam → ethanol
F chlorine + aqueous potassium iodide → iodine + aqueous potassium chloride
G C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2

H ethanoic acid + ethanol → ethyl ethanoate + water

I calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
J 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Use the equations to answer the questions that follow.

Each equation may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Give the letter, A to J, for the equation that represents: (extended only)

(b) a precipitation reaction ........................................................................................................ [1]

7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

12 Magnesium, calcium and strontium are Group II elements.

(e) Aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous magnesium chloride.

A white precipitate forms.

Write an ionic equation for this reaction. Include state symbols. (extended only)

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

13 Sulfuric acid has many uses.

(b) Dilute sulfuric acid is used to make salts known as sulfates.

A method consisting of three steps is used to make zinc sulfate from zinc carbonate.

step 1 Add an excess of zinc carbonate to 20 cm3 of 0.4 mol / dm3 dilute sulfuric acid until
the reaction is complete.

step 2 Filter the mixture.

step 3 Heat the filtrate until a saturated solution forms and then allow it to crystallise.

(i) Suggest two observations which show that the reaction is complete in step 1.

1 .........................................................................................................................................

2 .........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State why it is important to add an excess of zinc carbonate in step 1.

............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Define the term saturated solution.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) Name another zinc compound which can be used to make zinc sulfate from dilute
sulfuric acid using this method.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Suggest why this method would not work to make barium sulfate from barium carbonate
and dilute sulfuric acid. (extended only)

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

14 Potassium is a Group I element.

(d) Aqueous potassium hydroxide reacts with a dilute acid to produce aqueous potassium chloride,
KCl (aq), which is a salt.

(i) Name the dilute acid used.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the type of reaction taking place.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Name the experimental technique used when salts are made by reacting a dilute acid with
an aqueous alkali.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) When aqueous silver nitrate, AgNO3(aq), is added to aqueous potassium chloride, a precipitate
is formed.

(i) State the colour of the precipitate formed. (extended only)

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name the precipitate formed. (extended only)

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction. Include state symbols. (extended only)

....................................................................................................................................... [3]
7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

15 A student prepares calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, by adding calcium carbonate to dilute nitric acid.

(a) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Describe two observations during this reaction.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The student continues to add calcium carbonate until it is in excess. The student then removes
the excess calcium carbonate by filtration and collects the aqueous calcium nitrate.

State the general term given to a solution collected from filtration.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The student gently heats the aqueous calcium nitrate until the solution is saturated.

(i) Suggest what is meant by the term saturated solution.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe how crystals are produced from a hot saturated solution.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
7.3 Preparation of salts QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

(e) Calcium nitrate crystals are hydrated and have the formula Ca(NO3)2•xH2O where x is a whole
number of molecules of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

Ca(NO3)2•xH2O(s) → Ca(NO3)2(s) + xH2O(g)

(i) State the term used to describe the calcium nitrate after the molecules of water have been
removed.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The student heats a sample of Ca(NO3)2•xH2O and forms 2.46 g of Ca(NO3)2 and
0.0600 moles of H2O.

Determine the value of x. Use the following steps.

● Calculate the Mr of Ca(NO3)2.

Mr = ..............................

● Determine the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed.

moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed = ..............................

● Determine the value of x in Ca(NO3)2•xH2O.

x = ..............................
[3]

(f) Nitrates decompose on heating.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction when solid sodium nitrate is heated.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 14]