Pöyry Tecnologia Ltda.

Av. Alfredo Egídio de Souza Aranha, 100

Bloco B - 5º Andar
04726-170 - São Paulo-SP
BRAZIL
General Specification Tel. +55 11 3472 6955
Fax +55 11 3472 6980
E-mail: forest.br@poyry.com
www.poyry.com.br

Date: May 29, 2018

Ref. No 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
Client No 30002-M-CRT-0004
Page 1 of 20

KLABIN S.A.
KLABIN PUMA – Máquina de Papel
Ortigueira - PR

FIBERGLASS REINFORCED TANKS

Contents 1 SUMMARY
2 DEFINITIONS
3 STANDARDS AND CODES
4 DESIGN
5 THECNICAL REQUIREMENTS
6 DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTS
7 MATERIALS
8 FABRICATION
9 INSPECTION AND TESTING
10 TRANSPORT AND PACKAGING

Annexes I Tables
II Drawings
III Dimensional Tolerances for FRP Tanks

Distribution
KLABIN (E)
PÖYRY (E) hhw; lyq; fdr; gtn; eeu; egn; fgq; bgu; ity; iwu; iyp.

Orig. 29/05/2018 hhw 29/05/2018 irw 29/05/2018 hhw 29/05/2018 ity For information
Rev. Date/Author Date/Checked Date/Approved Date/Authorized Notes
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
2

1 INTRODUCTION

This specification defines the minimum requirements for design, fabrication and tests
of fiberglass reinforced plastic tanks (FRP) to be used for liquid storage tanks at
atmospheric pressure and tanks where the design pressure is between -1 to +1 bar.g
and maximum operating temperature of 82º C.

2 DEFINITIONS

2.1 Liner

Internal coating resin rich with approximately 90% in weight and reinforced with a
glass veil, synthetic veil or another specified material.

The minimum liner thickness shall be 0.25 mm.

When the liner is specified in PVC, polypropylene or other rigid material it will
substitute the liner and chemical barrier and its minimum thickness shall be 3, 0 mm.

2.2 Chemical Barrier

Intermediate coating with approximately 20 to 30 % weight of glass fiber and

minimum thickness of 2.5 mm.

2.3 Structural

The external coating shall be with approximately 50 to 80% in weight of woven fabric
or continuous filament of fiber glass with a minimum thickness of 2.25 mm.

3 STANDARDS AND CODES

The design, fabrication, tests and inspection of FRP tanks shall be in accordance with
the present specification and the latest standard and codes edition as follow:
- NBS-PS 15.69 National Bureau of Standards for Custom Contact-Molded
Reinforced Polyester Chemical-Resistant Process Equipment
- ASTM D-3299 Standard Specification for Filament-Wound Glass-Fiber
Reinforced Polyester Chemical-Resistant Tanks
- ASME RTP-1 Reinforced Thermoset Plastic Corrosion Resistant Equipment
- ASTM American Society for Testing and Material
- ASME/ANSI B 16.5 American National Standard for Pipe and Flanges Fittings
- ASME B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges
- ABNT NBR 6123 Loads Due to the Wind on Buildings - Applicable for
pressurized and/or Vacuum Equipment
- NR-12 Workplace safety in machinery and equipment
- 109000837-001-30002-L-0103 General Specification – Painting
- 109000837-001-30002-L-0106 General Specification for Thermal Insulation
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3

- 109000837-001-30002-L-0002 Units to be Used

- NR – Brazilian Regulation Standards
Notes: ( 2 ) Applicable for pressurized and/or vacuum equipments.
Other similar standards and codes may be applied when approved by Client.

4 DESIGN

FRP Tanks must be design according to this specification, drawings and/or data
sheets, standards and code.

Whatever design or material change, must be submitted to client approval, before or

during the manufacture.

The liner thickness shouldn´t be considered in FRP-Tanks mechanical design. And

shall be calculated according the applicable codes.

The FRP-Tanks color shall be natural of resin without pigmentation.

The last two external coating ultraviolet-absorbers resin must be added, in order to
improve the weather resistance.

The resin quality and specification shall be same to liner, chemical barrier and
structural equipment parts.

The thickness of the inner surface (liner) shall not be considered as part of the
minimum required thickness determined according to the applicable standards or
codes. Liner shall be made-up of two nexus polyester veils.

The resin specification and quality shall be the same for inner surface, interior layer
and exterior layer.

In the last two external coats, ultraviolet absorbers shall be added for improved
weather resistance.

All flanged connections less than or equal to 4”, shall be reinforced with gussets as
required in applicable standard.

All manholes and/or connections with blind flanges shall be supplied with gaskets,
bolts and nuts. Bolts and nuts shall be hot galvanized and according to ASTM A-307
Gr. B.

Flange bolt holes shall straddle the flange center line parallel to the tank axis.

5 THECNICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Minimum Thickness

The thickness shall be determined according to applicable standards and codes,

mentioned in the item 3, according the fabrication process. However, the adopted
nominal thickness shall not be less than any of the values determined as per following
rules:
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4

5.2 Vertical Cylindrical Tank

FABRICATION PROCESS
CONTINUOUS FIBER MANUAL
(Filament Winding) (Hand Lay Up)
5 mm for DI £ 1500 mm
Top Head 5 mm
6 mm for DI > 1500 mm
Shell 5 mm According to Table 1

5 mm for DI £ 1800 mm

Bottom 6.5 mm for 1800 < DI £ 3700 mm Smaller value between the inferior
shell thickness and 9.5 mm
9.5 mm for DI > 3700 mm

Where DI is the inside Tank Diameter

5.3 Horizontal Cylindrical Tank

The shell and Top Head thickness shall be calculated according to the applicable
standards and codes. But independently of the fabrication process, the adopted
nominal thickness shall not be less than the thickness indicated in the Table 2 of
annex.

5.4 Loads

The top head of vertical tanks shall be calculated for minimum distributed live load
100 kgf/m2 and a concentrated live load of 100 kgf applied over an area of 100 x 100
mm.

The other loads due to the agitator, platform, ladder, etc. shall be duly considered in
the tank design.

Except otherwise indicated in drawings and/or data sheets, wind loads shall be
calculated according to the Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR 6123.

The following parameters shall be used:

- Basic Wind Velocity (See General Mill Specification 3000-L-0101)
- Topographic Factor S1 = 1.0
- Ground Roughness Factor S2 = Adopt Category III in ABNT NBR 6123
- Statistical Factor S3 = 1.0
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
5

The followings Drag Coefficient (Ca) shall be used:

Shape Drag Coefficient (Ca)

Cylindrical 0.6

Spherical 0.6

Elliptical 0.6

Plane 1.0

All additional area exposed to wind forces like platform, stairs, piping and others
external accessories, shall be considered in the wind load calculation. To calculate the
wind forces, the projection area to be used shall consider the following multiplier
factor applied to equipment external diameter:

Equipment - External Diameter (mm) Multiplier Factor

D ≤ 600 2.0

600 < D < 4000 1 + (600/D)

D ≥ 4000 1.15

5.5 Shell Joints

The shell joints shall be reinforced with overlap of fiber glass and resin, extending on
either side of the joint, according detail and dimensioning shown in figure 1 of annex.

The shell joints external overlap shall be alternating coating of fiber glass and glass
veil.

The shell joints internal overlap shall be the minimum of two coating of fiber glass
and the last of glass veil with the same characteristic of the Liner.

The parts to be jointed shall be sanded in the joint area, until the rough surface.

5.6 Connections

The flanged connection shall be monolithically construction to guarantee the

mechanical resistance.

The face of flange shall be according to Figure 3 of Annex. The face of sub end shall
be plan, without bubbles or whatever fabrication fails.

The Lap joint flanges shall be in galvanized carbon steel, the dimension is according
to Figure 4 of the Annex.
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
6

All flanged nozzles until 4” (nominal diameter) must be reinforced with 4 grooves.

Threaded connections when didn´t specified, shall be with screwed fittings NPT.

All manholes and/or connections with blind flanges shall be supplied with gaskets,
bolts and nuts. The gaskets material shall be specified in the data sheets and/or
drawings.

Bolts and nuts shall be galvanized and according to ASTM A-307 Gr.B, screw NC-2
until 1”and 8 series to up diameters.

5.7 Name Plate

All tanks shall be provided with an easily accessible stainless steel AISI-304 name
plate and fastening screws. The minimum plate thickness shall be 1.5 mm.

Nameplate shall have at least the following information:

- Manufacturer’s Name
- Client’s Name
- Identification Number (tag)
- Year of Fabrication
- Design Conditions
- Nominal Capacity
- Hydrostatic pressure test
- Design code and edition year
- Product Storage (Fluid)

5.8 Spare Parts

Manufacturer shall include in the scope of supply 02 (two) sets of gaskets for each
man hole, inspection hole and connection with blind flange and 10 % of the bolts and
nuts as spare parts.

5.9 Ladders and Platforms

The use of vertical ladder shall be determined by the following criteria:

Tank Height (H) (*) Type of Ladder

(in meter)

H £ 3,5 Vertical ladder without safety cage

3,5 < H < 6 Vertical ladder with safety cage

H³6 Vertical ladder with safety cage and

intermediate platform (landing)

(*) Include supporting.

 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
7

The maximum height of vertical ladder without any intermediate platform must be 6
meter.

Vertical tank with dished top head shall be provided with platform on the top head to
permit the access to the manhole or instrument nozzles. This platform shall be
provided with guard rail according to CLIENT standard and according to NR-12.

6 DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTS

Manufacturer shall send for comments complete manufacturing drawings, containing

all details of the tank to be supplied.

The tank dimensional drawing shall contain as minimum, the following information:
- Design Standard and Codes and edition year
- Operational, Design and Tests Data
- Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (only when NR-13 compliance is required)
- Type of Resin
- Fabrication Process
- Layer composition (Liner, Chemical Barrier and Structure)
- Veil quantity and material
- Weight of the Tank ( empty, operation and test conditions)
- Connections Table
- Nozzle Details
- Accessories included in scope of supply
- Joint details between shell/roof and shell/bottom
- Hydrostatic pressure test
- Total and layer thickness for each part of the tank
A Book containing the following documents shall be delivered to the CLIENT, before
equipment operating.
The connections table shall be to contain this minimum information: the connection
identification, diameter, pressure class, type of flange face, service and other
information according to data sheet

All drawing and documents shall be verified and sign before to send to comments.

The drawing and documents shall be to send to comments completed, avoided to send
partially and/or incomplete.

The drawing and documents commented by client and/or the client representative
didn´t exempt the tank supplier of his responsibility for correct data and general
information, didn´t excluded or limited of his responsibility to security and
performance of the tanks supplied.

The Supplier shall be to prepare the Data Book for each tank containing every
information related to materials (certificated procedure, chemical composition
analysis, etc.), tests (hydrostatic, barcol hardness, acetone sensitivity, etc) and every
tanks drawing and documents.
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
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6.1 Equipment Data Book

The followings information shall be part of the equipment Data Book:

- Design Code
- Manufacture Procedure
- Layer Composition (Liner, Chemical Barrier and Structure)
- Material Specifications
- Calculation Sheets
- Manufacturer drawings
- Drawings and Data Sheet for Safety Devices
- Drawings and Data Sheets for Instruments
- Calibration Certificate for instruments and safety devices.
- Material analysis and certificates
- Manufacturing procedures
- Non-destructive test reports

Equipment data book shall be in Portuguese (Minimum one copy in electronic file and
one copy in paper).

7 MATERIALS

The selection of the resin, veil, additives, catalyst, reinforcement combination, etc.,
shall be determined by the resin manufacturer in accordance with the specific
chemical and physical condition of the content. The reference resin from the client is
vinilic Ester Derakane 411-350.

The certificates of all material used in the tank fabrication shall be made available for
the inspection.

Pigments shall be added to the resins to comply with the final colors defined in
“General Specification for Painting” – 309619.10-3000-L-0103.

All material shall be according to specified in the data sheet and/or drawings to each
tank, but the minimum quality acceptable must be resin vinilic ester.

Whatever material changes, must be submitted to client approval, before the

manufacture.

When the inspector require, the supplier must be to present the materials certificate.

The Liner shall be composed of two coating of polyester nexus veil.

8 FABRICATION

All cut ends internal to the tank shall be coated with resin and veil in accordance to
Liner specification, ant the external ends shall be coated with resin.

The internal surface shall be plan and clean without fiber exposed or whatever strange
material must be removal, and the area coated with resin.
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
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8.1 Post Curing

Degree of cure at room temperature may be inadequate in some applications for the
storage of aggressive products like: solvents, sodium hypochlorite, etc., or when
contamination with residual styrene can damage the stored product. Therefore, in
these cases, or whenever required by the resin manufacturer, post curing shall be made
under following recommendations:
- Post curing time and temperature shall be defined according to the type of resin
and catalyst used.
- Post curing shall be made with dry-hot-air.

9 INSPECTION AND TESTING

All tanks will be subjected to inspection during and after the end of fabrication and/or
during the tests to guarantee the previous contract required.

The tank acceptance or some tanks parts, will not exempt the manufacturer from the
responsibility to comply with the contract guarantees.

Resin curing degree shall be verified by two different tests.

9.1 Barcol Hardness

Tested surface according to ASTM-D-2583 or similar standard shall present Barcol

Hardness greater or equal to 90% of the value specified by the resin manufacturer.

9.2 Acetone Sensitivity

The acetone test shall be made through a cotton ball saturated with acetone and placed
on the laminate for about 30 seconds. If the laminate surface softens or becomes tacky
it is not fully cured.

Visual quality of the laminate shall meet the requirements as per table 3 of the annex.

Dimensional tolerances shall not exceed the values defined in the applicable code or
standard, and in the Annex III of this specification. In case of divergences, the
smallest tolerance shall prevail.

All tanks shall be subjected to hydrostatic test and certified by a qualified inspector. It
is not permitted to use glues or other adhesives to correct leakage points.
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
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10 TRANSPORT AND PACKAGING

Equipment and materials shall be properly packed and protected during load,
transport, unloading and environment attack

Equipment and materials shall be protected against rust and water and dirty
accumulation. All flanges shall be protected with suitable cover.

When the cylindrical tanks will be transported in the horizontal, must be protected
with wood saddles.

Care in the transportation equipment (Maritime):

- Protect from moisture
- Do not carry without insulating layer
- Protect from direct sunlight
- Do not store outdoors
- Not damage the insulating layer
- Do not stack
Use desiccant dehumidification to ensure total.
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
ANNEX I - 1

ANNEX I
TABLES
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
ANNEX I - 2

TABLE I - MINIMUM SHELL THICKNESS OF VERTICAL TANKS

Height Inside Diameter

600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 1800 2150 2500 2750 3050 3350 3660 4000
1000 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6.5
1500 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
2000 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 8
2500 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 8 10
3000 5 5 5 5 5 5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 8 8 8 10
3500 5 5 5 5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 8 8 8 10 10
4000 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 8 8 8 8 10 10 12.5
4500 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 8 8 10 10 10 12.5 12.5
5000 6.5 6.5 8 8 8 10 10 12.5 12.5 15
6000 8 8 10 10 10 12.5 12.5 15 17.5
7000 10 10 12.5 12.5 12.5 15 17.5 20
8000 12.5 15 15 17.5 20 20
9000 17.5 17.5 17.5 20 22.5
10000 17.5 20 22.5 25
11000 22.5 25 27.5
12000 27.5 30
13000 32.5

Notes:
1. Unless otherwise indicated, all dimensions are in millimeters.
2. The thickness indicated is based on safety factor 10 and a liquid specific gravity of 1.2.
3. The loads due to agitator, platform etc., shall be considered in the mechanical calculation.
4. For intermediate inside diameter tank, the minimum shell thickness shall be that given in this table for the next higher diameter.
5. The minimum thickness indicated in this table, refers only to the thickness necessary for load resistance. Any necessary liner thickness shall be additional
thickness to be added.
6. For tanks intended for service above 82.2ºC consideration to the physical properties of the material at the operating temperature shall be given in the design
of the tank.
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
ANNEX I - 3

TABLE 2

MINIMUM SHELL AND HEAD THICKNESS OF HORIZONTAL TANKS

Length of the Inside Diameter

Cylindrical Shell 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2500 3050 3660
2500 5 5 6.5 6.5 8 8 11 15
3000 5 6.5 6.5 8 8 10 11 15
3660 5 6.5 6.5 8 8 11 12.5 16
4260 6.5 6.5 8 8 10 12.5 15 19
4900 8 8 10 10 15 17.5 21
5500 10 11 11 16 21 25
6100 11 12.5 17.5 22.5 27.5
6700 12.5 15 19 25 30
7300 12.5 16 21 25 32.5

Notes:

1. Unless otherwise indicated, all dimensions are in millimeter.

2. The thickness is based on safety factor 5, liquid specific gravity of 1.2 and the saddle
located 1/12 of tank length from each tangent line.

3. For tanks intended for service above 82.2ºC consideration to the physical properties of the
material at the operating temperature shall be given in the design of the tank.

4. Tanks with physical loading such as agitator shall be given special design considerations.

5. When more than 2 saddles are used, maintenance of uniform-support of the tank at all
points of support is essential.

6. For intermediate inside diameter tank, the minimum shell and head thickness shall be that
given in this table for the next higher diameter.

7. Wear plate on the shell in the saddle position shall be provided.

8. The minimum thickness indicated in this table, refers only to the thickness necessary for
load resistance. Any necessary liner thickness shall be additional thickness to be added.
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
ANNEX I - 4

TABLE 3

VISUAL DEFECTS - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Defect Inner Surface Outer Surface

Fissure (1) (1)
Crack (1) (1)
Delaminating (1) (1)
Max. Diameter = 6 mm
Max. Height = 3 mm
Protuberance (1)
Max. Quantity = 1 in
area of 300 x 300 mm
Fiber Exposed (1) (1)
Resin Burns (1) (1)
Chipping (1) (1)
Max. Diameter = 1.5 mm
Foreign Matter (1) Max. Quantity = 1 in
area of 300 x 300 mm
Max. Diameter = 3 mm
Crater (1) Max. Height = 1.5 mm
Max. Quantity = 10 in
area of 300 x 300 mm
Inner Surface: (1) Max. Diameter = 10 to 20
Interior Layer: mm
Blister Max. Diameter = 3 mm Max. Quantity = 3 in
Max. Quantity = 25 in area of 300 x 300 mm
area of 100 x 100 mm
Max. Projection: 20% of Max. Projection: 20% of
Waving or Corrugation the wall thickness, but not the wall thickness, but not
exceeding 3 mm exceeding 3 mm
Max. Diameter = 10 mm
Dry Spots (1) Max. Quantity = 1 in
area of 300 x 300 mm

(1) No defect is acceptable.

 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
ANNEX II - 1

ANNEX II

DRAWINGS
109000837-001-30002-L-0102
ANNEX II - 2
109000837-001-30002-L-0102
ANNEX II - 3
109000837-001-30002-L-0102
ANNEX II - 4
 109000837-001-30002-L-0102
ANNEX III - 1

ANNEX III

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES FOR FRP TANKS

109000837-001-30002-L-0102
ANNEX III - 2