Markscheme

May 2018

Chemistry

On-screen examination

11 pages
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This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of examiners in this examination session.

It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any
other person without the authorization of the IB Global Centre, Cardiff.
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The following are the annotations available to use when marking responses.

Annotation Explanation Shortcut Annotation Explanation Shortcut

Correct point, place at the point in the

response where it is clear that the candidate Alt+1 No benefit of the doubt Alt+4
deserves the mark

AEr Arithmetic error NEX No explanation given

Benefit of the doubt Alt+3 Not good enough

Omission, incomplete Alt+7 Not worthy of any marks

CON Contradiction Alt+6 NWS No working shown

Valid part (to be used when more than one Test box used for additional marking
element is required to gain the mark) comments

Error carried forward Alt+8 Unclear Alt+2

Dynamic annotation, it can be expanded to Seen; must be stamped on all blank

Alt+9
surround work response areas

Horizontal wavy line that can be expanded Vertical wavy line that can be expanded

Highlight tool that can be expanded to mark

Words to that effect
an area of a response

Award 1, 2, 3, 4 marks. For use in holistically

Not answered the question
marked questions only
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Markscheme instructions

1 Mark positively. Give candidates credit for what they have achieved and what is correct. Do not deduct marks for incorrect responses.
2 Follow the markscheme provided and award only whole marks.
3 Each marking point appears on a separate line.
4 The maximum mark for each subpart is indicated in the “Total” column.
5 Where a mark is awarded a tick should be placed in the text at the precise point where it is clear the candidate deserves the mark.
6 Each marking point in a question part should be awarded separately unless there is an instruction to the contrary in the Notes column.
7 A question subpart may have more marking points than the total allows. This will be indicated by the word “max” in the Answer column. Further guidance may be
given in the Notes column.
8 Additional instructions on how to interpret the markscheme are in bold italic text in the Answer column.
9 Alternative wording may be indicated in the Answer column by a slash (/). Either alternative is equally acceptable but the candidate cannot be rewarded for both as
they are associated with the same marking point.
10 Alternative answers are indicated in the Answer column by “or”. Either alternative is equally acceptable but the candidate cannot be rewarded for both as they are
associated with the same marking point.
11 If two related points are required to award a mark, this is indicated by “and” in the answer column.
12 Words in brackets ( ) in the Answer column are not necessary to gain the mark.
13 Words that are underlined are essential for the mark.
14 In some questions a reverse argument is also acceptable. This is indicated by the abbreviation ORA (or reverse argument) in the Notes column. Candidates should
not be rewarded for reverse arguments unless ORA is given in the Notes column.
15 If the candidate’s response has the same meaning or is clearly equivalent to the expected answer the mark should be awarded. In some questions this is
emphasized by the abbreviation WTTE (words to that effect) in the Notes column.
16 When incorrect answers are used correctly in subsequent question parts the follow through rule applies. Award the mark and add ECF (error carried forward) to the
candidate response.
17 The order of marking points does not have to be the same as in the Answer column unless stated otherwise.
18 Marks should not be awarded where there is a contradiction in an answer. Add CON to the candidate response at the point where the contradiction is made.
19 Do not penalize candidates for errors in units or significant figures unless there is specific guidance in the Notes column.
20 Questions with higher mark allocations will generally be assessed using a level response method using task specific clarifications developed with reference to the
criteria level descriptors. A candidate’s work should be reviewed to determine holistically the mark for each row of the holistic grid and a mark awarded for each row.

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Question Answers Notes Total Criterion

1 a Award only 1 mark if groups and periods
are interchanged

Award 1 mark only if all groups are correct

3 A
Award 1 mark only if all periods are
correct

b methanoic (acid) 1 A
c

2 A

correct bonds shown or all lone pairs correct Accept dots or crosses or any combination

structure fully correct

d HCOOH (aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + HCOO-(aq) Allow

HCOOH(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + HCOO-(aq)
reactant(s) correct
Accept incorrect order for example,
products correct H2CO2, CHOOH 4 A

states all correct Accept l for HCOOH

correct use of equilibrium arrow Allow any double-headed arrow

e add/react with a base/alkali 1 A

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2 a protons = 12
2 A
neutrons = 12
b Mg3(PO4)2 Brackets must be present 1 A
c for any relevant property, for example: state, metal or non-metal, malleable etc Do not accept reference to valence
property 1 identified electrons, solubility or type of element

statement of how Mg and Cl or Cl2 are distinguished Accept linked answers in switched
4 A
response boxes
property 2 identified

statement of how Mg and Cl or Cl2 are distinguished

d ionic bond Accept electrovalent 1 A
e sulphate ion identified Accept sulphuric acid

calcium sulphate is insoluble Accept Ca ions

4 A
magnesium sulphate is soluble or Mg2+ (ions) remain in solution Accept Mg ions

filter (calcium sulphate from the solution) or remove precipitate or solid

f 2.5 (moles)
1 A
3 a CaCl2 1 A
b Independent variable:
Percentage of calcium carbonate or type of bone/tooth Do not accept calcium

Dependent variable:
(Volume or amount of) carbon dioxide produced

Accept any two reasonable control variables, for example 4 B

• mass of bone/tooth Do not accept amount of bone
• volume or amount of acid used Do not accept type of acid
• concentration of acid used
• temperature
• surface area or size of bone

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4 C

indication of more than one trial ECF from part (b)

column for independent variable: type of bone

column for dependent variable: volume of CO2

unit for volume Accept dm3 or cm3 or mL or ml or l or L for

units

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d Allow ECF from part (b)

1 2 3 4
Equipment suggested Equipment to measure Equipment to measure Equipment to measure
Additional
but is not relevant mass or volume or one mass and volume and mass and volume and
equipment (E)
control variable one control variable two control variables
Attempt at a method Attempt at a method but Method is described, Complete method is
but may not be detail is insufficient for could be followed by described, fully explained
Method (M) relevant another student to follow another student and could be repeated by
and is not likely to give producing relevant data another student
relevant data
Plans to test one type Plans to test each type Plans to use at least Plans to use at least three
of tooth/bone of tooth/bone three samples of each samples of each type of 17 B
Data (D)
type of tooth/bone tooth/bone and calculates
a mean
Assumptions that all Assumptions that all Assumptions that all
bone/teeth/CaCO3 has bone/teeth/CaCO3 has bone/teeth/CaCO3 has
reacted reacted reacted and
Assumptions
or and temperature or temperature and
(A)
temperature or pressure remain pressure remain
pressure remain constant constant
constant
Use of relevant safety Use of relevant safety
equipment equipment linked to
Safety (S)
corrosive hazard from
acid
4 a these points are outliers/anomalies or reason why an outlier was obtained eg incorrect amount of CaCO3 was used,
amount of CaCO3 was too high and too low
2 C
repeat Do not accept interpolation
b use of graph to give mass of 2.40 g

evidence of calculation of % by mass seen or implied

4 C
correct value of 24.7 ECF marking point 2

correct identification of horse bone ECF marking point 3 – do not award this
mark alone

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5 a
Award 1 mark for each 3 B

b Image 1 1 B
c appropriate average = 56 (cm3) Award 1 mark only for inappropriate
average of 60.
2 C
it is not appropriate to include an outlier in the average Do not award 2nd marking point even if
justification is correct.
d Limestone = 1.33 ± 0.03 (cm3 s-1)
2 C
Crushed oyster shell = 0.28 ± 0.03 (cm3 s-1)
e limestone particles are smaller than crushed oyster shell ORA
C
(so) rate of reaction is greater for limestone ORA
3
correct use of terms surface area and rate of reaction
D
f the crushed oyster shell takes longer to be broken down
2 C
allowing more time for the hen to absorb or use the calcium carbonate for eggshell Accept “digest”
production
g limestone data is less reliable

(because) greater variability in data between trials or poor consistency

4 C
crushed oyster shell data is more reliable

(because) data have good agreement or low variability or good consistency

h increase number of trials

or 1 C
use same size particles of limestone and oyster shell

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6 a A 1 A
b more than two compounds or mixtures of compounds can be separated WTTE

boiling point (depends on size of molecules) or change in state from liquid to gas 3 D

molecules with smallest mass or length will have the lowest boiling point ORA
c
1 2 3 4
Comment about Comment about more Describes removal using Describes removal using
removal than one method of all three methods all three methods linked to
removal science
Skimmer – oil and water
Method (M) are immiscible
Burning – fumes, smoke
Dispersion – components
remain in water, affect
aquatic life
One advantage or One advantage and one Advantages and 8 D
disadvantage implied disadvantage for one disadvantages identified
method implied for all three methods
Advantages/disa
or
dvantages
One advantage or one
(AD)
disadvantage for more
than one method implied

“Best method
Appraisal identified” and
(A) supported by scientific
evaluation

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7
1 2 3 4
Pipeline A comment about a One advantage or one One advantage and one More than one advantage
(distribution of pipeline disadvantage of a disadvantage of a and more than one
oil) (P) pipeline implied pipeline implied disadvantage of a pipeline
A comment about an One advantage or one One advantage or one More than one advantage
alternative method disadvantage of one disadvantage of both and more than one
alternative method alternative methods disadvantage of a both
or alternative methods
Alternative
More than one
methods (AM)
advantage and more
than one disadvantage
of one alternative 14 D
method
An environmental More than one More than one
Environmental
impact environmental impact environmental impact
considerations
with at least one
(E)
supported by science
Social A social impact of More than one social
considerations transporting oil impact of transporting oil
(S)
A concluding appraisal
Appraisal
linking the issues
(A)
discussed

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