‫ﺃﻭﻟﻤﺒﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ – ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ­ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ‪l‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ­ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫‪www.naja7math.com‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪1‬‬

‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬

‫=‪S‬‬ ‫= ‪ S‬ﻣﻨﻪ ‪å 2 sin xi cos xi = 2 å sin xi cos xi :‬‬
‫‪i =1‬‬ ‫‪i =1‬‬
‫‪å‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪sin 2 xi‬‬
‫‪=1‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‪:‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪æ n 2 öæ n 2 ö æ n‬‬ ‫‪ö‬‬
‫‪" (a 1 , a 2 ,..., a n ) Î IR " (b1 , b2 ,..., bn ) Î IR‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ‪ç å a i ÷ç å bi ÷ ³ ç å a i bi ÷ :‬‬
‫‪è i =1 øè i =1 ø è i =1‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪æ n‬‬ ‫‪ö‬‬ ‫‪æ n‬‬ ‫‪ö‬‬ ‫‪æ n‬‬ ‫‪öæ n‬‬ ‫‪ö‬‬
‫‪S = çç 2 å sin xi cos xi‬‬ ‫÷ ‪÷÷ = 4ç å sin xi cos xi ÷ £ 4 ç å sin 2 xi ÷ ç å cos 2 xi‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪è i =1‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬ ‫‪è i =1‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬ ‫‪è i =1‬‬ ‫‪ø è i =1‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪ å sin 2 xi = a :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪å cos 2 xi = å 1 - sin 2 xi = n - å sin 2 xi = n - a :‬‬
‫‪i =1‬‬ ‫‪i =1‬‬ ‫‪i =1‬‬ ‫‪i =1‬‬

‫)ﻷﻥ ‪( S ³ 0 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ S 2 £ 4 a (n - a ) :‬ﺃﻱ ‪S £ 2 a (n - a ) :‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫= ) ‪sin (a‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪ 0 £‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ :‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪ 0 £ a £ n‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪£ 1 :‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ‪ xi‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ‪x1 = x2 = ... = xn = a :‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪å‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬ ‫‪xi = å sin 2 a = n sin 2 a = n‬‬ ‫‪=a‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪i =1‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬ ‫= ‪å sin 2a = 2 å sin a cosa = 2 n sin a cosa‬‬
‫‪i =1‬‬ ‫‪i =1‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺠﺪ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪S = 2n‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪1 - sin 2 a = 2n‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫)‬‫‪a‬‬
‫‪1 - = 2n‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪a n-a‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫) ‪= 2 a (n - a‬‬

‫ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ‪ S‬ﻫﻲ ‪2 a (n - a ) :‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ‪Cauchy­Schwarz‬‬

‫‪www.naja7math.com‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪xyz‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ ‪x + y + z = p :‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪S = (x + y)( y + z) = ( p - z)( p - x) = p 2 - px - pz + zx‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ ‪1 :‬‬
‫‪S = p 2 - p (x + z) +‬‬ ‫‪= p 2 - p ( p - y) +‬‬ ‫‪= py +‬‬
‫‪py‬‬ ‫‪py‬‬ ‫‪py‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ ) "a > 0 a +‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ()ﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪ ( a = 1‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪S ³ 2 :‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ‪³ 2 :‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫= )‪x y z ( x + y + z‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫()‬ ‫)‬
‫ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ‪ x = z = 1 :‬ﻭ ‪ ٬ y = 2 - 1‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ‪2 - 1 1 + 2 = 1 :‬‬
‫(‬ ‫()‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ‪S = 1 + 2 - 1 2 - 1 + 1 = 2 :‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ‪ S‬ﻫﻲ ‪2 :‬‬

‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴــــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠـــــــــــﺎﺡ‬
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‫‪www.naja7math.com‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪3‬‬

‫‪xy+ yz+ zx = 3‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ x + y + z = 5 :‬ﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ìx + y = 5 - z‬‬ ‫‪ìx + y = 5 - z‬‬ ‫‪ìx + y = 5 - z‬‬
‫‪í‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫‪í‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫‪í‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪î xy = 3 - z(5 - z‬‬ ‫)‪î xy = 3 - z( x + y‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪î xy = z - 5 z + 3‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﺍﻥ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪﺍﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ t 2 - (5 - z) t + (z 2 - 5 z + 3) = 0‬ﺣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ ‪IR‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ‪D = ( z - 5 ) - 4(z 2 - 5 z + 3) ³ 0 :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪(z - 5)2 - 4(z 2 - 5 z + 3) ³ 0 Û z 2 - 10 z + 25 - 4 z 2 + 20 z - 12 ³ 0‬‬

‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Û - 3 z 2 + 10 z + 13 ³ 0 Û 3 z 2 - 10 z - 13 £ 0‬‬
‫‪10 + 16 13‬‬ ‫‪10 - 16‬‬
‫= ‪D = 100 + 156 = 256 Þ z1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪et z2‬‬ ‫‪= -1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ ‪(z - 5)2 - 4 z2 - 5 z + 3 ³ 0 Û z Î éê- 1, 13 ùú Û - 1 £ z £ 13 :‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪ë‬‬ ‫‪3û‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟـ ‪ z‬ﻫﻲ‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪ìx + y = s‬‬
‫‪t2 - st + p = 0‬‬ ‫‪ í‬ﻫﻤﺎ ﺣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫‪î xy = p‬‬

‫‪www.naja7math.com‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪4‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ x 2 - 3 px - p = 0‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺟﺬﺭﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ‪ x1‬ﻭ ‪ x2‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪D = 9 p 2 + 4 p > 0 :‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪x1 + x2 = 3 p :‬‬
‫‪p2‬‬ ‫‪3 p x1 + x22 + 3 p‬‬ ‫‪p2‬‬ ‫‪3 p x1 + 3 px2 + p + 3 p‬‬
‫=‪A‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪3 p x1 + x2 + 3 p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪3 p x1 + 3 px2 + p + 3 p‬‬ ‫‪p2‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪p2‬‬ ‫‪3 p ( x1 + x2 ) + 4 p‬‬ ‫‪p2‬‬ ‫‪9 p2 + 4 p p2 D‬‬
‫=‪A‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪3 p ( x1 + x2 ) + 4 p‬‬ ‫‪p2‬‬ ‫‪9 p2 + 4 p‬‬ ‫‪p2‬‬ ‫‪D p2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪p2 D‬‬ ‫‪p2‬‬
‫) ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻳﺎﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ‪( "a > 0 a + ³ 2 :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ‪+ 2 ³ 2 :‬‬ ‫‪>0‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪D p‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪=2 Û‬‬ ‫= ‪= 1 Û p 2 = 9 p 2 + 4 p Û 8 p 2 + 4 p = 0 Û p(2 p + 1) = 0 Û p = 0 ou p‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫´‪D = 9 p2 + 4 p = 9‬‬ ‫= ‪ p‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ‪٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪- 4 ´ = - 2 = > 0 :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2 4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫= ‪ ٬ p‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ‪ A‬ﻫﻲ ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‪ A ³ 2 :‬ﻭ ‪Þ A = 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴــــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠـــــــــــﺎﺡ‬
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www.naja7math.com 5 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
x+ y ³ 2 x y y>0 ‫ﻭ‬ x > 0 ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ‬
k k k k
æ aö æ bö æ aö æ bö
ç1 + ÷ + ç1 + ÷ ³ 2 ç1 + ÷ ç1 + ÷
è bø è aø è bø è aø
k k k
æ aö æ bö ææ a + b öæ a + b öö
ç1 + ÷ + ç1 + ÷ ³ 2 çç ç ÷ç ÷ ÷÷ : ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
è bø è aø èè b øè a øø
k k k
æ aö æ bö æ (a + b )2 ö
ç1 + ÷ + ç1 + ÷ ³ 2 ç ÷
è bø è aø ç ab ÷
è ø
k k
æ aö æ bö k
ç1 + ÷ + ç1 + ÷ ³ 2 4
è bø è aø
k k
æ aö æ bö 2
ç1 + ÷ + ç1 + ÷ ³ 2 ´ 2 : ‫( ﺇﺫﻥ‬a + b ) ³ 4 ab : ‫ﻭ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ‬
k

è bø è aø
k k
æ aö æ bö k +1
ç1 + ÷ + ç1 + ÷ ³ 2
è bø è aø
k k
æ aö æ bö k k k k +1
ç1 + ÷ + ç1 + ÷ = 2 + 2 = 2 ´ 2 = 2 : ‫ ﻧﺠﺪ‬a = b : ‫ﻧﺄﺧﺬ‬
è bø è aø
k k
æ aö æ bö
2 k +1 ‫ ﻫﻲ‬ç1 + ÷ + ç1 + ÷ ‫ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬: ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
è bø è aø

‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴــــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠـــــــــــﺎﺡ‬
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www.naja7math.com 6 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
x2 y2 z2
S= + +
x + yz y + zx z + xy
x(1 - y - z ) y(1 - x - z ) z(1 - x - y)
S= + +
x + yz y + zx z + xy
x - xy - xz y - xy - yz z - xz - yz
S= + +
x + yz y + zx z + xy
x + yz - yz - xy - xz y + zx - zx - xy - yz z + xy - xy - xz - yz
S= + +
x + yz y + zx z + xy
S = 1-
( yz + xy + xz) + 1 - - ( yz + xy + xz) + 1 - ( yz + xy + xz)
x + yz y + zx z + xy
æ 1 1 1 ö
S = 3 - ( xy + yz + xz)çç + + ÷÷
è x + yz y + zx z + xy ø
æ 1 1 1 ö
S = 3 - ( xy + yz + xz)çç + + ÷÷
è 1 - y - z + yz 1 - x - z + zx 1 - x - y + xy ø
æ 1 1 1 ö
S = 3 - ( xy + yz + xz)çç + + ÷
è (1 - y)(1 - z) (1 - z)(1 - x) (1 - x)(1 - y) ÷ø
æ1- x +1- y +1- z ö
S = 3 - ( xy + yz + xz)çç ÷÷
è (1 - x)(1 - y)(1 - z) ø
æ 3 - (x + y + z ) ö
S = 3 - ( xy + yz + xz)çç ÷÷
è ( y + z )( x + z)( x + y) ø : ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ x+ y+ z =1 : ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
xy + yz + xz
S = 3- 2
xy + yz + xz - xyz
æ xyz ö
S = 3 - 2 çç1 + ÷
è xy + yz + xz - xyz ÷ø
2
S = 1-
1 1 1
+ + -1
z x z
æ1 1ö 1
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬Cauchy­Schwarz ‫ )ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ‬çç + ÷÷( x + y + z) ³ 9 : ‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ‬
+
è x y zø
1 1 1
( a1 = x ; a 2 = y ; a 3 = z ; b1 = ; b2 = ; b3 =
x y z
æ1 1 1ö æ1 1 1ö 1 1 -2 -1
çç + + ÷÷ ³ 9 Þ çç + + ÷÷ - 1 ³ 8 Þ £ Þ ³ : ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬
è x y z ø è x y z ø æ 1 1 1 ö 8 æ 1 1 1 ö 4
çç + + ÷÷ - çç + + ÷÷ -
è x y zø è x y zø
3 1 1 3
S = ‫ ﻭ‬x + y + z = 1 : ‫ ﻧﺠﺪ ﺃﻥ‬x = y = z = : ‫ ﻭ ﺑﺄﺧﺬﻧﺎ‬٬ S ³ 1 - ³ : ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬
4 3 4 4
3
‫ ﻫﻲ‬S ‫ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬: ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
4

‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴــــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠـــــــــــﺎﺡ‬
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