International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

“Bringing Lab to Our Home: Bio-Enzyme and its Multiutility in

Everyday Life”
Swarndeep Kaur Sethi1, Kiran Soni2, Neha Dhingra3, Gita Batra Narula4
1,2Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, New-Delhi, India.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, New Delhi, India.
4Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, New-Delhi, India.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: Our main aim of this article is to review the production, functions, uses and challenges along with the future
opportunities of bioenzymes in different sectors. Usage of bioenzymes instead of pesticides and disinfectant plays a major
impact on the durability of soil and plants. In the times of a pandemic crisis such as COVID-19, which is spreading through
symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers, it is essential to regularly disinfect all inanimate surfaces around us to contain
community transmission. All household cleaning products contain toxic and aggressive chemicals, these cleaners are
extremely hazardous to our health and the environmental implications of them are destructive. A greener way to disinfect
does so is by creating a laboratory at home and synthesizing an environment friendly disinfectant. Usage of Bio enzymes can
be termed as multi-faceted, as the process of synthesis is a completely natural process and can be easily carried out at home
not only brings the feel of a chemistry laboratory at home but also is one step ahead in the direction of sustainable lifestyle.

Keywords: COVID-19, community transmission, disinfection, bio-enzyme, sustainable lifestyle.

1. INTRODUCTION

Catalysis is the workhorse of chemical and energy industry. Energy efficient catalysts have tremendous potential to change
the pace of a reaction in a desired direction. A catalyst is employed to increase the rate of a reaction. Addition of a poison
may have an adverse effect on the activity of a catalyst. However, a catalyst will not ‘poison’ the rate of a reaction [1].When
present in the same phase, they are termed as homogeneous catalyst and when present in different phase they are termed
as heterogeneous catalyst. Enzymes are proteins that behave as biological catalysts and are used to control the rate of
chemical reaction[1].It is one of the best alternatives to conventional chemical catalysts as they are biodegradable [2].

Bio-enzyme was first developed by Dr. Rosukon Poompanvong [3]. Bio-enzyme is also referred as Eco-enzyme, Garbage
enzyme, Terrazyme etc., [4, 5]. Bio-enzyme works similar to enzyme as they degrade a large amount of waste within a
small span of time [3]. Synthetically, bio-enzymes are a mixture of composite substances like proteins, salt etc. which are
products of naturally occurring bacteria or yeast which are used to make bio-enzyme [6]. The combination of
jaggery/brown sugar/molasses, citrus fruits, vegetable peels and water is involved in the fermentation process [4].

Fermentation can be described to be a chemical change which is brought about by employing microorganisms. An example
of such a chemical transformation using microorganisms is pharmaceutical production, animal feed stuff, food additives
etc., [7]. On the contrary, it can also be carried out under aerobic conditions (in the presence of oxygen)[2]. Molasses assist
in fermentation process as it acts as a complexing agent and also as a carbon source for unaffected treatment of
organochlorides [2]. Throughout the fermentation process, non-pathogenic i.e., a good bacterium breaks down larger
pieces (organic waste, soil) into smaller particles [8]. It also generates products such as ozone, nitrates and carbonates etc.,
[4]. Ozone gas reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and heavy metals that confines heat in clouds
thereby lowering emission of greenhouse gases and hence helps in the reduction of global warming. Nitrate is an
instinctive nutritious hormone for plants and carbonate has proven to be beneficial for aquatic life.

We dwell in a consumerist society wherein, most of the products are accessible with the click, but a closer look at their
constituents and process of manufacture will reveal how injurious they are to the surroundings [9]. Contaminated
surrounding contribute obnoxiously to the 3Ds of destruction of sustainable lifestyle i.e., disease, disturbance and distress
[6]. The diversity of flora and fauna on planet earth is destructively affected when we stream chemicals into the
environment, we are slowly destroying off their habitat [9]. This will eventually result in their extinction of many species
in the long run.

In the times of a pandemic crisis such as COVID-19, which is spreading through symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers, it
is essential to regularly disinfect all inanimate surfaces around us to contain community transmission. All home cleaning
products contain toxic and aggressive chemicals, these cleaners are extremely hazardous to our health and the
environmental implications of them are destructive. The use of these chemical products may resolve our household

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1461
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

difficulties quickly with ease and but it causes a grave problem for our nature. On the other hand, use of bio-enzymes,
resolves many such problems associated with hazardous chemicals [9]. Natural enzyme is a multifunctional instinctive
cleaner which unusually decontaminates the environment [7]. It is used as a fertilizer, herbicide, as a household cleaner
and also for de-clogging the sewers [7]. Thus, employing kitchen waste to generate bio-enzyme saves money and our
surroundings to a great extent [4].

Resorting to greener ways to do so is by creating a laboratory at home and synthesizing an environment friendly
bioenzymes. As direct or indirect consumers of the numerous resources offered by Mother Nature, it should be our moral
responsibility to alter the consumerist society to look at alternative options which are affordable too [10].

2. USES OF BIO-ENZYME

2.1 AGRICULTURAL USES OF BIO-ENZYME

India is primarily an agricultural nation. India’s economic growth mainly depends on agriculture as it is a major source of
employment and Gross domestic product (GDP) of our population. So, it is necessary for a country like India that ever
flourishing agriculture is ensured. But in the recent times, many geographical locations are often face problems in
production due to climate change, lack of rainfall and soil lacking in nutrients. And as a quick solution to all such problems,
farmers often use chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides like DDT hoping for a better outcome. Even though these
chemicals show fruitful results initially but in the long run they drain the soil nutrients by killing the helpful
microorganisms and make the soil even more infertile. Also, toxic pesticides and insecticides mix with the ground water
and contaminate it during irrigation.

An easy, yet convenient way of avoiding all such problems is by using natural fertilizers like bio-enzyme to improve soil
quality. Treating soil with bio-enzymes will make it more fertile and promote healthy growth of plants and also can keep
pests infections at bay.

The following points mentioned below are the agricultural uses of bio-enzyme:-

2.1.1 Bio-Enzyme as Natural Fertilizer:

Chemical fertilizers are often used to enhance fertility of soil and to improve growth of plants. Most of these fertilizers
contain three basic plant nutrients namely Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. Inorganic fertilizer had shown
various serious adverse effects on farm soil such as: soil erosion, soil infertility, contamination of groundwater
(leaching), soil friability, mineral depletion, loss of vital nutrients, decreased nutrients absorption, destruction of
microorganism etc., [11], Inorganic fertilizers having high concentration of nitrogen lowers the pH of soil, thus,
making top soil highly acidic [12]. Due to increased acidity in soil, a significant loss in crop production is observed.
These problems can be easily resolved using natural fertilizer like bio-Enzyme, which are completely organic and
serve as a completely natural alternative.

(a.) Barren land to fertile farm: Bio-enzyme is aboonfor barren land. Bio-Enzyme revives barren land into fertile farm,
by converting ammonia in the soil to nitrate. Thus, making landfavorable for farming [4]. Fig - 1 below shows how the
application of bio-enzyme can increase soil fertility.

Fig - 1: Using bio-enzyme for about 3 months can turn a barren field into a fertile farm [4].

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1462
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 In Malaysia, an uncultivated barren land was converted into a fertile land on treatment with eco-enzyme (Fig
- 1).

Fig - 2: Conversion of barren land into fertile soil by application of bio-enzyme [4]

(b.) Purification of contaminated ground water: Enzyme residue used as natural fertilizer flows into land, hence
purify contaminated water and avoid further leaching [4]. Diluted bio-enzyme also acts as liquid nutrient for soil and
being completely organic it is also highly beneficial for the soil.
 At Tampines, Singapore, diluted Garbage Enzyme (1:1000) was sprayed once a week on leaves and soil which
results in better nutrient absorption in soil and leaves [15].
Thus, it can be concluded that bio-enzyme being all natural and organic can be used efficiently as natural fertilizer to deal
with disadvantages of chemical fertilizer.

2.1.2 Bio-Enzyme as Natural pesticide, insecticide and herbicide:

Eco-enzyme can be used as a natural pest repellent. Diluted eco-enzyme with water drive away disease causing microbes,
viruses, insects, mosquitoes, flies, rats, cockroaches etc. from farm land .It also helps in controlling infection in plants and
can be used for watering the plants[16]. Using concentrated bio-enzyme on crops also effectively kills weeds [17]. Thus,
making bio-enzyme a favourable option for plantation and farming [4]. This is depicted in Fig - 3.

Fig - 3: Using bio-enzyme as a natural pesticide and insecticide [4].

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1463
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 Farmers applied garbage enzyme on fields in Fazilka district of Punjab. This activity was carried out by Sri Sri
Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Trust (SSIAST), India Garbage Enzyme was applied on Guava tree, it was
observed that the plant growth & size increased within twenty days of application and insects were successfully removed
[16].

 Sri R. Dhawan of SSIAST, INDIA used bio-enzyme on paddy fields and studied its impact on the crops. It was
observed that there was reduction of pests attack on the crops [16].

Thus, it can be concluded that eco-enzyme effectively manages plants pest like white flies, bugs, spider mites and aphids
[14].Bio-Enzyme can be efficiently used as natural insecticide and herbicide.

2.1.3 Overall nourishment for vegetables and fruits:

(a.) First rate vegetables and fruits: Using eco-enzyme as a natural soil amendment enhances the photosynthesis,
nutrients and water uptake in plants. Enhancing photosynthesis results in more nutrition uptake by plants. There will be
more absorption of air by the roots and this will improve the quality as well as quantity of fruits and vegetables produced
[4]. Fig - 4 shows the fruitful outcome of using bio-enzyme for growing fruits and vegetables.

Fig - 4: Using eco-enzyme on plants results in growth of greener and healthier plants [4].

In India, Purushottam Wayal, Marathwada Youth Leadership Training Program (YLTP) Coordinator of SSIAST
used garbage enzyme on his field, and got a successful result as there was a huge increase in his production as shown in
Fig - 5 [16].

Fig - 5: Increase in crop production after application bio-enzyme [16]

 Case study: Farmers of Yamuna Nagar, Haryana used the Garbage Enzyme on maize and wheat crops provided by
SSIAST. Observed that the production and seed germination have increased by twice in large amount. The garbage enzyme
was also applied on yellow colored cattle feed and they all turned green in color with additional benefit of increased
output. This is shown as before and after effect in Fig-6 and analysis report of some crops in tabulated in Table 1.

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1464
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig - 6: Turning yellow cattle feed to green by the use of bio-enzyme [16]

Table 1: Following are analysis of reports of two wheat crops with and without bio-enzyme [16]

Sample ID Wheat production Wheat production

without Enzyme With enzyme sprays

Moisture% 9.49 9.77

Protein% 12.74 13.26
Starch% 65.55 66.22
Gluten% 10.43 10.31

 Mahadev Gomare of SSIAST had used Garbage Enzyme on his field and got mass production with good quality of
crops.

Fig - 7: Increased production and quality using bio-enzyme [16]

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1465
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

(b.) Reduce period of cultivation: Ozone released by eco-enzyme helps plants grow faster and better [4]. This
reduces the period of cultivation of crops as is shown in Fig - 8.

Fig - 8: Usage of Bio-Enzyme in farms reduces period of cultivation [18]

(c.) Plant growth promoter: Usage of dried leftovers residue as a soil amendments in the soil, enriches the soil with
earthworms (farmer’s friend). Earthworms promote natural and healthy growing of vegetables and fruits [14]. Bio-
enzyme also acts as natural hormone which cultivates plants naturally. Bio-enzyme granules also help in the uniform
growth of crops, and makes crops strong to withstand stress and drought conditions. It also reduces premature dropping
of flower and fruits (Enzyme Liquid - [18]. Table 2 shows different dilutions of eco-enzyme with water for different
purposes.
 R. Dhawan in his initiative had tested the application of Garbage Enzyme on potato and cauliflower along with
farmers of Yamuna Nagar, Haryana. In potato crop, production was increased by 10 quintals per acre than the previous
year. The plants were also of bigger size, white and resisted pests. Cauliflower plantations also shown similar results [16].

Table 2: Following table showing various concentrations of eco-enzyme with water for different purposes.

2.1.4 Benevolence to livestock

 Eco-enzyme being loaded with anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties can be used to sanitize areas properly for
livestock and makes it germ-free. Fig - 9 depicts the advantages of using eco-enzyme for the livestock.
(a.) Cleanliness maintainer- Spraying eco-enzyme on floor of shed keeps flies and foul odour away resulting in germ-
free, hygienic place for domestic animals to live. Eco-enzyme can also be used as air freshener.

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1466
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig - 9: Application of Eco-Enzyme for maintaining hygienic conditions in cattle sheds [4]

(b.) Natural animal health booster- Addition of bio-enzyme to food like grass and hay meant for feeding domestic
animals increases their immunity to most diseases and keeps them healthy as depicted in Fig - 10 and 11 respectively.

Fig - 10: Bio-enzyme is mixed with fodders keeps domestic animals healthy and immune [4]

Fig - 11: Eco-enzyme mixed with water for cattle [16]

 In Thailand, a pig farm owner uses only eco-enzyme, with the goal of keeping his pigs healthy. Rejection of drugs
or additives has shown improvement in health of pigs in his farm as shown in Fig - 12.

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1467
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig -12: Application of Bio-enzyme for maintenance of good health in pigs [4]

(c.) Increased poultry products: Improvement in the health of animal favours the farmer with high quality of animal
products. There would be increase in both quality and quantity of milk, poultry, and meat products [4].

2.2 Bonus Benefits of Eco-enzyme /bio-enzyme:

 Fresh Air: Application of bio-enzyme also keeps air in farm clean, fresh and cool [4].

 Cost Reduction: Various application of eco-enzyme as nature friendly pesticides, fertilizers, decontaminating
ground water agent, growth and quality booster for fruits and vegetables resulting in higher yield, taste and quantity.
Serving as a natural health supplement for livestock. All these applications cut out on money expenditures, hence making
bio-enzyme cost effective.

 Helps in Nitrogen fixation: Eco-enzyme also fixes Nitrogen in soil and helps in the growth of nitrogen-fixing
bacteria which helps in proper growth of plants.

 Compost: Residue of eco-enzyme can be used in compost pit as manure [5].

 Beneficial for aquatic plants: Diluted eco-enzyme helps in growing of aquatic plants like duck weed etc. It also
helps in keeping lake, ponds clean and free from microbes, hence, fish, fisheries and other aquatic animals healthy and
germ free[16]. Such a use is depicted in Fig - 13.

Fig - 13: Bio-enzyme use for cleaning Ponds and lakes[2].

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1468
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2.2.1 Some Other Significant Uses of Bio-Enzymes:

1. Antimicrobial activity of bio-enzyme:-

Fruits and vegetables get easily decomposed and this causes problem in their disposal into landfills [20]. This problem
however can be solved very easily by fermenting waste fruits and vegetables into garbage enzyme which is a multipurpose
ecological cleaner. Bio-enzymes are enriched with various anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties.

 Case Study:

A study was conducted in Nepal in 2018 to analyse the enzymatic and anti-microbial efficiency of garbage enzyme
produced from different fruits and vegetables [20]. Total 6 samples including 5 fruits peels sample i.e. Lime, Pineapple,
Pomegranate, Papaya and mixed fruit and one vegetable peel were taken for this study [20]. Fig- 16 shows the anti-
microbial efficiency test of bio-enzyme performed in a laboratory in a bacterial species.

Fig - 16: Anti-microbial efficiency test of garbage enzyme in bacillus species.

[Pi= Pineapple, P=Papaya, Po=Pomegranate, C=Control] [20]

Table 3 and 4 depict the anti-microbial activity of bio-enzyme prepared from various starting material such as Mosambi,
Pomegranate, Pineapple, Papaya and mixed fruits and vegetables on gram positive and gram negative bacterial species.

Table 3: Antimicrobial activity of garbage enzyme on Gram positive bacteria [20]

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1469
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Table 4: Antimicrobial activity of garbage enzyme on Gram negative bacteria [20].

From the study, it was concluded that garbage enzyme prepared from different fruits and vegetables showed anti-
microbial activity with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. So from here it can be concluded that garbage enzyme
can be utilized for multiple cleaning purposes as it can kill/inhabit various pathogens [20].

2. Influence of bio-enzyme on Palm Oil Mill Effluent:-

Milling activities of palm oil crop often produces highly polluted wastewater which is known as palm oil milling effluent. It
has high contents of polluting substance and thus requires effective treatment before being discharged into main water
bodies [21].

Palm oil is one of the world’s most rapidly expanding equatorial crops [21]. When POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) is
discarded directly into the environment without pre-treatment it may cause excessive pollution of soil and water
resources. So it is extremely necessary that low cost pre-treatment of POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) is carried out using
garbage enzyme before disposal to ensure safety of our environment.

 Case Study:

A study was conducted in Malaysia to analyse the effects of treating POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) with bio-enzyme. POME
(Palm Oil Mill Effluent) samples were analysed in context to oil and grease (O&G) content, total suspended solids (TSS)
and chemical oxygen demand (COD) [20].

The Chart data of the above study are as shown below in Chart- 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.

Chart - 1: Effect of different dilutions of bio-enzyme to POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) on TSS [21].

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1470
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Chart - 2: Effect of different dilutions of bio-enzyme to POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) on COD [21].

Chart - 3: Effect of different dilutions of bio-enzyme to POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) on O&G ([21] et al., 2018)

Chart - 4: Percentage of reduction of various parameters at different levels of dilution of garbage enzyme to POME (Palm
Oil Mill Effluent) [21].

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1471
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

This study showed that garbage enzyme or eco enzyme prepared from waste fruits and vegetables by fermentation
process contained bio-catalytic enzymes. When POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) was pre-treated using 15% dilution of
garbage enzyme there was removal of 90% O&G content. It was noted that there was a reduction of about 50% TSS and
25% COD content when 10% diluted garbage enzyme was used [21].

2.3 Non-agricultural Uses of Bio-Enzyme

Nowadays, the chemical cleansers available in the market are loaded with increased amounts of chemicals which are very
harmful for our environment and the in ways more than one. It is now becoming evidently more mandatory to shift our
focus from these harmful chemical products to natural alternatives. Multiutility in a bioalternative solution shall set the
trend for attracting users far and wide. Bio-enzymes or garbage enzyme or eco-enzyme are obtained by fermentation
process of organic waste using mixture of jaggery, citrus, and water in the combination ratio of 1:3:10. It can be
conveniently prepared from the comfort of our home. In tough times, such as the COVID-19 pandemic that the world is
going through, this is an endeavor to bring the laboratory to our own homes. Bio-enzymes are completely natural and
using this in our everyday life, we can ensure safety for all flora and fauna belonging to Mother Nature.

The following are the non-agricultural uses of bio-enzyme:-

1. Air Purification:

Bio-enzymes help in odour removal with no use of chemicals. It helps killing disease causing germs which often produces
dampness and foul odour. So bio-enzymes act as natural air purifier [13]. Diluting and spraying bio-enzyme in our home
will provide a sense of freshness and keep pollutants at bay.

2. Household cleaning:

Nowadays, in order to save time we often end up buying chemical cleansers stocked up in the supermarket shelves
thinking those to be very effective but we fail to realize how these cleansers are loaded with toxic chemicals like
phosphates, ammonia, chlorine etc. and can also cause several harmful impacts to our health and environment in the long
run. We don’t realize that we may be allergic to many of those chemical contents which may cause eye-irritation, allergy,
skin rashes etc. These products are also a major source of environmental pollution and we are contributing to
environmental pollution and degradation daily without even understanding its harmful impact. On the other hand, we can
shift our focus to bio-enzymes which are completely chemical-free and indeed a best alternative for our household
cleaning needs i.e., to clean household areas including kitchen, toilet etc., [4, 13].

Using an appropriately diluted bio-enzyme solution removes disease causing bacteria in daily household cleaning. It acts
as an insect, cockroach and a mosquito repellent [13]. Bio-enzymes can be used to clean bathroom fittings as it removes
lime scale deposition. It can be used as surface cleaner, floor cleaner, stain removal etc., [4]. All these benefits with zero
harm to the environment. The various household applications of bio-enzyme are as shown in fig- 14.

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1472
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig -14: Various household uses of bio-enzyme [4].

3. Reduce Carbon dioxide levels:

Due to ever increasing Carbon dioxide levels in our atmosphere there is an increased greenhouse effect and global
warming. Climate change is an issue that needs to be addressed without any further delay. The use of eco-enzyme has
shown promising results for overcoming this problem because it releases ozone (O3) and can reduce carbon dioxide levels
in atmosphere and heavy metals like Cd that traps heat in the clouds. So bio-enzymes help in reducing global warming and
purifies air from pollutants [4].

4. De-clogging of drains:

Our drainage and sewage systems are often clogged with solid wastes, disposed off directly from household and also from
factories. This causes the problem of water logging and flash floods.
Bio-enzyme helps in de-clogging of drains, by pouring bio-enzyme directly through pipes. The microorganisms present
help in efficient de-clogging [4].

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1473
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5. Personal care products:

Bio-enzymes are loaded with various anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. Bio-enzymes prepared from aloe vera can
be usually used in skin care and hair care products like moisturizers, shampoo, conditioner, face masks [22]. But skin
patch test should be done before using to check if we are allergic or not to the product.

6. Laundry:

Synthetic detergent contain chemicals and causes the problem of excess foam production in lake and river which in turn
causes water pollution and reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen available for aquatic plants and animals. This can be
prevented by using eco-enzyme along with soapnuts which will be completely natural detergent having excellent cleansing
properties. It efficiently removes dirt and grease from dirty clothes [4, 13]. It also keeps the fabric quality good for a longer
amount of time.

7. Construction of roads and improving soil quality:

Bio-enzymes under different names like Renolith, Permazyme and Terrazyme have been used for construction uses under
different experimental studies in India. And this has led to cost reduction [23]. Through studies it is found that Renolith
improves soil strength and Permazyme acts as a compaction enzyme, it causes the compaction of clay and slit at a faster
rate. Terrazyme is found to have high strength and resistance towards deformation. It increases load carrying capacity of
soil [23, 24].
 Renolith technology has been used for some projects by the Public Works Department (PWD) of Arunachal
Pradesh and Rajasthan [23].
 Terrazyme has been used in road construction project in Nasik, Maharashtra. Also trial studies were carried out in
states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka [23].

8. Solid Waste Minimization:

In the recent times managing the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a major issue especially in
developing countries due to growing economy and ever increasing population. This is a major problem typically in the
urban areas. And these solid waste generated ends up in landfills causing environmental pollution in the long run. Physical
and chemical interactions along with moisture and humidity in the air lead to the generation of landfill leachate [25],
which is a mixture of various pollutants, organic and inorganic compounds, natural and artificial substances, toxic and
heavy metals etc.,

Thus, it has become very important to look for an alternative greener solution for the disposal of MSW. One way for
achieving this is using eco-enzyme for the reduction of waste generated. We can achieve this by following Dr. Rosukon’s
method of converting organic waste to useful garbage enzyme, which will largely help in the reduction of MSW as most of
the solid waste disposed in landfills consists of organic matter [26].

 Case Study 1: A recent study was conducted in Malaysia to see the effects of eco-enzyme in reduction of municipal
solid waste generated and their disposal in landfills. It was observed that as more and more people recycled their organic
waste using garbage enzyme there was a significant reduction in the amount of MSW deposited in a landfill as shown in
Chart -5 [26].

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1474
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Chart -5: showing the composition of MSW in Malaysia, 2009 [26]

 Case Study 2: A study was conducted in India in the landfill sites of Ghazipur, Okhla and Bhalswa to see the effect
of using garbage enzyme on landfill leachate pollution index (LPI) values [25]. It was observed that after 28 days, there
was about 55-74% reduction in LPI values with a 5% mixing ratio of garbage enzyme for Ghazipur and Bhalswa landfill
and with a 20% mixing ratio for Okhla landfill respectively.

3. CONCLUSION

In this review, we have tried to highlight the function of bioenzyme based on plant waste. We tried to explore various
aspects of bioenzymes. It mainly plays a role in plant growth and vegetation as well as disinfectant, etc. Human beings
have knowingly and unknowingly employed enzymes extensively for an array of purposes from dairy industry to life
saving therapeutic agents. Bio enzymes are a promising category of chemical agents produced by bacterial action which
are multipurpose depending upon the starting ingredient that one employs. They have been further employed for
improving the plant durability at low cost and being applicable relatively. There is accessibility of several commercial
enzymes in the market, owing to their easy production processes. But what intrigues us is the production of these bio
enzymes at low cost, being easy to use and environmental friendly bioenzyme preparations from the locally available, raw
material can be a topic of further study for researchers and educational institutes.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors, Dr. Swarndeep Kaur Sethi, Dr. Kiran Soni, Dr. Neha Dhingra, Dr. Gita Batra Narula acknowledge the Centre for
Research, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi. The authors also thank Anjali Sharma, Ayesha Rahman, Himanshi
Chaudhary, Priyansha Jain, Versha Choudhary (students of Maitreyi college) for their contribution.

4. REFERENCES

[1] F. Nazim and V. Meera, “Treatment of synthetic greywater using 5% and 10% Garbage enzyme solution Bonfring,”.
International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, 3, 2013, 111-117.
[2] F. E. Tang and C. W. Tong, “A Study of the Garbage Enzyme’s Effects in Domestic Wastewater,” International
Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation, 5, 2011, 887-892.
[3] C. Arun and P. Sivashanmugam, “Investigation of biocatalytic potential of garbage enzyme and its influence on
stabilization of industrial waste activated sludge,” Process safety and environmental protection, 94, 2015, 471-478.
[4] https://www.enzymesos.com/what-is-eco-enzyme.
[5] P. Agarwal and S. Kaur, “Effect of Bio-Enzyme on unconfined compressive strength of expansive soil” International
Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 3, 2014, 30-33.
[6] Kaustubam.blogspot.com. “How to make Bio-Enzyme or Garbage Enzyme for household cleaning purposes and its
many uses,” http://kaustubam.blogspot.com/2017/02/how-to-make-bio-enzyme-or-garbage.html?m=1.

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1475
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

[7] Encyclopedia of Analytical Science https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-

biology/fermentation, 2005.
[8] Stonesoup Shop. Bio-Enzyme natural cleaners - magically decontaminates the environment
https://stonesoup.in/blogs/news/bio-enzymes, 2020.
[9] T. Patel, “All about bio-Enzymes: How you can make chemical-free floor cleaners from
Kitchenwaste:TheBetterIndia,” https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thebetterindia.com/178884/lifestyle-make-
bioenzyme-cleaner-home-lemon-peel-eco-friendly-india/amp/, 2020.
[10] K. Manivannan, Why you should switch to bio-enzyme. https://www.momspresso.com/parenting/random-
thoughts/article/why-you-should-switch-to-bioenzyme, 2020.
[11] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Agriculture nutrient management and
fertilizer.https://www.epa.gov/agriculture/agriculture-nutrient-management-and-fertilizer, 2020.
[12] J. Hunt, “Harmful effects of chemical fertilizers” https://www.hunker.com/12401292/harmful-effects-of-
chemical-fertilizers, 2020. .
[13] J. Oon, Planet Earth: Our Loving Home.
http://www.suprememastertv.tv/pe/?wr_id=125&page=3&phoneoffset=0&url=link1_0(2020).
[14] Rangamalai Organic Farms (ROF) – Manvasanai. Citrus Bio-Enzyme liquid-all-purpose natural home cleaner.
https://www.goodfoodtoall.com/product/citrus-bio-enzyme-500ml, (2020).
[15] My Farming Secrets Eco-Enzyme.https://sites.google.com/site/myfarmingsecrets/eco-enzyme, 2020.
[16] Sri Sri Kisan Manch Garbage enzyme. https://www.ssiast.com/training/garbage.aspx, 2020.
[17] PCI. Eco-enzyme https://www.profitcoachinginternational.com/index.php?id=980, (2020).
[18] GreenMy Life Enzyme liquid. https://www.greenmylife.in/shop/planting-supplies/organic-pesticides-for-
gardening/bio-enzyme-liquid/, 2020.
[19] A. Yang, “Garbage enzyme talk” https://www.slideshare.net/NIM55/garbage-enzyme-talk, 2020.
[20] R. Khadka and K. Neupane, “Production of garbage enzyme from different fruit and vegetable wastes and
evaluation of its enzymatic and antimicrobial efficiency,” Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology, 6, 2019, 113-118.
[21] C. K. Ooi and R. Nazaitushila, “Investigation on the influence of Bio-catalytic enzyme produced from fruit and
vegetable waste on palm oil mill effluent,” IOP Conference Series: Earth Environvironmental Science, 140, 2018, 1-9.
[22] K. Sunar, U. Kumar and S. K. Deshmukh, “Recent Applications of Enzymes in Personal Care Products, Agro-
Industrial Wastes as Feedstock for Enzyme Production,” Science Direct, Chapter 12, 2016, 279-298.
[23] M. S. R. Rohith, R. Sankriti and R. S. Kumar, “Review paper on use of Bio-enzyme,” Global Journal of Engineering
Science and Researches, 4, 2017, 187-194.
[24] G. Jadhav, G. Panchal and R. Mane, “A study on investigation of Bio-enzyme stabilized expansive soil,” International
Journal of Innovative Research in Science & Engineering 2, 2016, 311-320.
[25] A. Rani, S. Negi, A. Hussain and S. Kumar, “A. Treatment of urban municipal landfill leachate utilizing garbage
enzyme,” Bioresource Technology, 297, 2020, 122437-122444.
[26] Y. Ming Ho, L. K. Ling and L. Manaf, “Garbage enzyme as a solution to waste minimization, environmental studies,”
From Sources to Solution, Springer, Chapter 63, 2014, 347-350.

© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1476