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3 - Unit Dip

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20 views72 pages

3 - Unit Dip

Uploaded by

mohanmysore6742
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit – 3

Image Enhancement in Frequency Domain


Image Enhancement
• Principal objective of image enhancement
is to process an image so that the result is
more suitable than the original image for a
specific application.
• Enhancement methods are:
– Spatial domain
– Frequency domain

– The viewer is the ultimate judge of how well of


a particular method works.
Introduction
• Image enhancement in the frequency domain
is done using Fourier Transform of the image.
• Compute the Fourier transform of the image
to be enhanced, multiply the result by a filter
(rather than convolve in the spatial domain),
and take the inverse transform to produce the
enhanced image.
Image enhancement in
frequency domain
• It prominently uses Fourier transformation
Illustrate how a periodic function
is a sum of sin or cosine waves
• From the previous slide, it is understood
that a period function can be represented
as a sum of sine series.
• Add more such sinusoid, to get the original
sine series.
A sine series = Sum of
Amplitudes + Phase
• A sine series is shown as a sum of
amplitudes and phase of different sine
series.
So.. Summary is :
‘x’ is the original space, ‘u’ is the
frequency and ‘Pi’ is the period
Low pass filter
Intensified low pass filter
Further more low pass filter
High pass filter
More stonger high pass filter
Gaussian Smoothing
Hybrid Images:
closely see only high frequency components can be seen
See from a distance of 6 feet you can see only low freq
components.
Advantage of using frequency
domain for Image enhancement
• Advantages of filtering in frequency
domain are:
– It is faster to perform compare to spatial
domain
– Frequency domain gives control over the
whole images
– Process of image enhancement is easy
compared to spatial domain.
Fourier Transformation
One Dimensional Fourier
Transform
Fourier transformation
Extended to two variables
Similarly Discrete Fourier
Transform is given by:
Steps in Filtering in Frequency
domain
Input to output transformations
Basic steps in Frequency
domain Filtering
Compare Spatial Domain vs.
Frequency Domain
Two type of filter
• In frequency domain, there are two types
of filters:
• 1. Low pass filter
• 2. High pass filter
Smoothing using low pass filter and
sharpening using High pass filter
Low pass filter
• It removes all high frequency components
from the image and only keeps low
frequency components of image.
• This filter mainly use to smoothen the
image/ blurring the image.
• This is used to remove the noise from the
image.
High Pass filter
• It removes all low frequency components
from the image and only keeps high
frequency components of the image.
• This filter mainly used to sharpen the
image.
• This type of image will not have backgroud
Example: Low and High Pass Filter
Type of low and high pass filter
• Low pass filter
– Ideal low pass filter
– Butterworth low pass filter
– Gaussian low pass filter
• High Pass filter
– Ideal high pass filter
– Butterworth high pass filter
– Gaussian high pass filter
Low Pass Filter
High Pass Filter
Ideal low pass filter
Mask H(u,v)
Ideal Low Pass filter
Example of Ideal low pass filter
Result of applying Ideal Low
Pass Filter :Example
Ideal High pass filter
Butterworth Low pass filter
Butterworth High pass filter
Gaussian Low pass filter
Gaussian High pass filter
Example: Computation of
application of Low pass filter
• Consider the following: Euclidean distance
given by:

• Given question is:


Apply Ideal Low Pass filter
Step - 1
Step 2 : Convert the image to
frequency domain
Step 3: Compute H(u,v), and
multiply with the F(u,v)
Compute distance
D(u,v)
Compute G(u,v)
Step : 4
Step 5: Final enhanced image
Homomorphic Filtering
• It can be used to remove shading effects
in an image, i.e due to uneven illumination.
• It enhances high frequencies
• Attenuate low frequencies but preserve
fine details.
• This is due to illumination and also
reflection.
Illumination and Reflection
Model
So image enhancement is not
straight forward.
Homomorphic Filtering
End of UNIT-3

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