KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN:: HYDERABAD REGION

MODEL QUESTION PAPER-1: 2024-25

SUBJECT: PHYSICS
CLASS: XII
TIME:3Hrs MAX MARKS:70
General Instructions
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark
each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three
marks each, Section D contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E
contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section
B, one question in Section C, all three questions in Section D and one question in each CBQ in Section E.
You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
SECTION – A : Each question carries 1M
1 Electromagnetic waves are produced by
a)constant electric field b)constant magnetic field
c)changing electric and magnetic field d)constant electric and magnetic field
2 In the wave picture of light, the intensity I of light is related to the amplitude A of the wave as :
a) I α √𝐴 b) I α A
2 1
c) I α A d) I α 𝐴2
3 The unit of magnetic induction (magnetic flux density) is:
a) Weber b) Tesla
c) Henry d) Coulomb
4 The emf and internal resistance of a cell are E and r respectively. It is connected across an
external resistance R = 2r. The potential drop across the terminals of the cell will be :
a) E/4 b) E/2 c) (2/3)E d) E/3
5 A capacitor of 10 µF is charged by a 100 V battery. What is the energy stored in the capacitor?
a) 0.05 J b) 0.1 J c) 1 J d) 0.5 J
6 An electron moves perpendicular to a magnetic field of strength 0.02 T with a velocity of 3×106
m/s. The force on the electron is
a) 9.6×10−15N b) 1.6×10−15N
c) 4.8×10−15N d) Zero
7 The minimum distance between an object and its real image formed by a convex lens of focal
length f is :
a) f b) 2f c) 3f d) 4f
8 A ray of light travels from glass (refractive index = 1.5) to air (refractive index = 1). If the critical
angle is 42∘, the angle of deviation for an angle of incidence of 50∘ will be:
a) 60.0∘ b) 22.0∘ c) 45.0∘ d) 80.0∘
9 An ideal transformer has 100 turns on the primary coil and 500 turns on the secondary coil. If
the primary voltage is 240 V, the secondary voltage is:
a) 48 V b) 1200 V c) 600 V d) 960 V
10 A solenoid has 2000 turns and is 2 m long. If the current through the solenoid is 4 A, the
magnetic field inside it is:
a) 5×10−3 T b) 5×10−4 T
c) 4×10−3 T d) 4×10−4T
11 In the energy-band diagram of n-type Si, the gap between the bottom of the conduction band
EC and the donor energy level ED is of the order of :
a) 10 eV b) 1 eV c) 0.1 eV d) 0.01 eV
12 A steady current flows through a metallic wire whose area of cross-section (A) increases
continuously from one end of the wire to the other. The magnitude of drift velocity (v d ) of the
free electrons as a function of ‘A’ can be shown by

Assertion and Reasoning (1 Mark Each)

For questions 13–16, choose the correct option:
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.
13 Assertion (A): The electric field is zero inside a charged conductor in electrostatic equilibrium.
Reason (R): All the charges in a conductor move to the surface to maintain equilibrium.
14 Assertion (A): The focal length of a concave mirror increases with an increase in the wavelength
of light used.
Reason (R): The refractive index of the material of the mirror decreases with the increase in
wavelength of light.
15 Assertion (A): In a series LCR circuit, resonance occurs when the inductive reactance equals the
capacitive reactance.
Reason (R): At resonance, the impedance of the circuit is purely resistive, and the current is
maximum.
16 Assertion (A): The phase difference between any two points on a wave front is zero.
Reason (R): All points on a wave front are at the same distance from the source and thus
oscillate in the same phase.
Section B: Each question carries 2M
17 (a)Draw a graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass
number A. The binding energy per nucleon for heavy nuclei (A 170) decreases with the increase
in mass number. Explain.
(OR)
(b) Using Bohr’s postulates, obtain the expression for radius of nth stable orbit in a hydrogen
atom.
18 Draw energy band diagram for an n-type and p-type semiconductor at T > 0 K.
19 The power of a thin lens is +5D. When it is immersed in a liquid, it behaves like a concave lens of
focal length 100 cm. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid. Given refractive index of glass =
1.5.
20 Depict the orientation of an electric dipole in (a) stable and (b) unstable equilibrium in an
external uniform electric field.
Write the potential energy of the dipole in each case.
21 A charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining two equal charges Q. If the system of these
charges will be in equilibrium, then find the value of q in terms of Q.
SECTION C: Each question carries 3M
22 Two circular loops A and B, each of radius 3 m, are placed coaxially at a distance of 4 m. They
carry currents of 3 A and 2 A in opposite directions respectively. Find the net magnetic field at
the centre of loop A.
23 (a) A resistor of 30 and a capacitor of 250/π µF are connected in series to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac
source. Calculate (i) the current in the circuit, and (ii) voltage drops across the resistor
and the capacitor. (iii) Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source
voltage ? If yes, solve the paradox.
(OR)
(b) A series LCR circuit with R = 20 , L = 2 H and C = 50 F is connected to a 200 volts ac source
of variable frequency. What is (i) the amplitude of the current, and (ii) the average power
transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle, at resonance ? (iii) Calculate the
potential drop across the capacitor.
24 (i) How is the size of nucleus found experimentally? Write the relation between the radius and
mass number of nucleus.
(ii) Prove that the density of a nucleus is independent of its mass number.
25 A potential difference ‘V’ is applied across a load resistor of resistance R. V and R can be varied.
If the current that flows in the circuit is I, draw a plot showing the variation of power consumed
by the resistor as a function of :
(a) R, keeping V constant
(b) I, keeping R constant
(c) V, keeping R constant
26 (a)Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in the descending order of their wavelengths :
Microwaves, Infra-red rays, Ultra-violet radiation, Gamma rays

(b) Write one use each of any two of them

27 A ray of light is refracted by a glass prism. Obtain an expression for the refractive index of the
glass in terms of the angle of the prism A and the angle of minimum deviation δm.

28 How does Einstein’s photoelectric equation explain the emission of electrons from a metal
surface ? Explain briefly.
Plot the variation of photocurrent with :
(a) collector plate potential for different intensity of incident radiation, and
(b) intensity of incident radiation.

SECTION D : Each question carries 4M

29 Figure shows the variation of photoelectric current measured in a photo cell circuit as a function
of the potential difference between the plates of the photo cell when light beams A, B, C and D
of different wavelengths are incident on the photo cell. Examine the given figure and answer the
following questions :
 (i) Which light beam has the highest frequency ?

(a)Curve A (b)Curve B (c)Curve C (d)Curve D

(ii) Which light beam has the longest wavelength?

(a)Curve A (b)Curve B (c)Curve C (d)Curve D

(iii) Which light beam ejects photoelectrons with maximum momentum?

(a)Curve A (b)Curve B (c)Curve C (d)Curve D
(iv) Photo current increases with increase in
(a)Intensity (b)Frequency (c) Potential (d)Wavelength
(OR)
(v) Stopping Potential increases with increase in
(a)Intensity (b)Frequency (c) wavelength (d) Photo current
30 A semiconductor diode is basically a pn junction with metallic contacts provided at the ends for
the application of an external voltage. It is a two terminal device. When an external voltage is
applied across a semiconductor diode such that the p-side is connected to the positive terminal
of the battery and the n-side to the negative terminal, it is said that to be forward – biased.
When an external voltage is applied across the diode such that the n-side is positive and the p-
side is negative, it is said to be reverse – biased. An ideal diode is one whose resistance in
forward biasing is zero and the resistance is infinite in reverse biasing. When the diode is
forward biased, it is found that beyond forward voltage called knee voltage, the conductivity is
very high. When the biasing voltage is more than the knee voltage the potential barrier is
overcome and the current increases rapidly with an increase in forward voltage. When the diode
is reverse biased, the reverse bias voltage produces a very small current of about a few
microamperes which almost remains constant with bias. This small current is a reverse
saturation current.

i.In the given figure, a diode D is connected to an external resistance R = 100 Ω and an emf of 3.5
V. If the barrier potential developed across the diode is 0.5 V, the current in the circuit will be

(a) 40 mA (b) 20 mA (c) 35 mA (d) 30 mA

ii. In which of the following figures, the pn diode is reverse biased?

 iii. Based on the V-I characteristics of the diode, we can classify diode as

(a)bilateral device (b) ohmic device

(c) non-ohmic device (d) passive element

(OR)

Two identical PN junctions can be connected in series by three different methods as shown in
the figure. If the potential difference in the junctions is the same, then the correct connections
will be

(a) in the circuits (1) and (2) (b) in the circuits (2) and (3)

(c) in the circuits (1) and (3) (d) only in the circuit (1)

iv)The V-I characteristic of a diode is shown in the figure. The ratio of the resistance of the diode
at I = 15 mA to the resistance at V = -10 V is

(a) 100 (b) 106 (c) 10 (d) 10-6

SECTION E : Each question carries 5M

31 (a) (i) Write the principle and explain the working of a moving coil galvanometer. A
galvanometer as such cannot be used to measure the current in a circuit. Why ?
(ii) Why is the magnetic field made radial in a moving coil
 galvanometer ? How is it achieved ?
(OR)
(b) (i) Derive an expression for magnetic field on the axis of a current carrying circular loop.
(ii) Write any two points of difference between a diamagnetic and a paramagnetic substance.
32 The following figure shows a circuit diagram. We can find the currents through and potential
differences across different resistors using Kirchhoff’s rules.

(a) Which points are at the same potential in the circuit ?

(b) What is the current through arm bg ?
(c) Find the potential difference across resistance R3.
(d) What is the power dissipated in resistance R2 ?
(OR)
(i) Define electric potential at a point and write its SI unit.
(ii) Two capacitors are connected in series. Derive an expression of the equivalent capacitance of
the combination.
(iii) Two point charges + q and q are located at points (3a, 0) and (0, 4a) respectively in x-y
plane. A third charge Q is kept at the origin. Find the value of Q, in terms of q and a, so that the
electrostatic potential energy of the system is zero.
33 (a) (i) Draw a ray diagram to show how the final image is formed at infinity in an astronomical
refracting telescope. Obtain an expression for its magnifying power.
(ii) The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope is 8 and the distance between the two lenses
is 54cm. Find the focal length of eye lens and objective lens.
(OR)
(b)(i)State Huygens principle. With the help of a diagram, show how a plane wave is refracted
from a surface. Hence verify the law of refraction.
(ii) Two coherent monochromatic light beams of intensities I and 4 I superpose each other. Find
the ratio of maximum and minimum intensities in the resulting beam.
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN HYDERABAD REGION
MARKING SCHEME OF MODEL QUESTION PAPER-1 :2024-25
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
CLASS: XII
1 c 1M
2 c 1M
3 b 1M
4 c 1M
5 a 1M
6 a 1M
7 d 1M
8 d 1M
9 b 1M
10 a 1M
11 d 1M
12 a 1M
13 a 1M
14 d 1M
15 a 1M
16 b 1M

17
1M

Binding energy per nucleon decreases after A >170 because for elements
½M
A>170, number of neutrons in the nuclei is greater than number of
protons
Example : Tungsten (A = 184, Z = 74 & N = 110) or any other example.
½M
(OR)

We know that when an electron revolves in a stable orbit, the

centripetal force is provided electrostatic force of attraction acting on it
due to a portion present in the nucleus.

½M
 ½M

1M

18 Each
correct
diagram
1M

19

½M

½M
When the convergent lens is immersed in a liquid of refractive index µ it
will act as a diverging lens of focal length -100 cm
½M

½M
20 Each
diagram
½M

For Stable equilibrium θ = 00

Potential energy U = -pE cos θ = -pE
For unstable equilibrium θ = 1800 ½M
Potential energy U = -pE cos θ = pE

½M
21

½M

½M

1M

22 To find the net magnetic field at the centre of loop A

1M

Net magnetic field

1M
 1M

23

½M

½M

½M

½M
 ½M

½M

1M
(OR)
(b) (i) The amplitude of the current at resonance can be calculated using
Ohm's law. At resonance, the impedance (Z) of the circuit is equal to the
resistance (R). So, the amplitude of the current (I) is given by:
I = V/R, where V is the voltage of the source, and R is the resistance. 1M
Substituting the given values:
I = 200/20 = 10 A
(ii) The average power (P) transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle
at resonance is given by:
P =I2R
Substituting the calculated current and given resistance: 1M

(iii) At resonance, the potential drop across the capacitor (Vc) is equal to
the potential drop across the inductor (Vl), which is equal to the source
voltage (V). So,
 Vc = -2000V = 2000V

So, the amplitude of the current is 10A, the average power transferred
to the circuit in one complete cycle at resonance is 2000W, and the
potential drop across the capacitor is 2000V.
24 Nucleus: It was first discovered in 1911 by Lord Rutherford and his 1M
associates by experiments on sacttering of α-paticles by atoms. He found
that the scattering result could be explained, if atoms consists of a small
central massive and positive core surrounded by orbiting electron. The
experiment results indicated that the size of the nucleus is of the order
of 10−14 meters and is thus, 10,000 times smaller than the size of atom.
It there are N neutrons in the nucleus, then the number of protons and
neutrons is given by

A=Z+N

A→Mass number

N→neutrons

Z→Protons

Actually mass nunber is integer closest to the nuclear mass.

R = R0 A1/3, where R is the radius and A is the atomic mass number (the 1M
number of protons plus the number of neutrons) and R0 is 1.25×10−15m.
The stable nucleus has approximately a constant density.

1M
25 1M

1M

1M

26 (a) The given electromagnetic waves in the descending order of their

wavelengths are:
Microwaves, IR rays, UV radiations and γ−rays. 1M
(b) Microwaves are used for radar systems, IR rays are used in remote
switches, UV radiations are used in water purifiers and γ−rays are used 2M
for treatment of cancer.
27 1M

Let us consider a ray diagram for a prism in which OP is the ray of

incidence which makes angle i1
with the normal at side AB and i2
is the angle of emergence with the normal at side AC. ∠A 2M
 is the prism angle and let μ
be the refractive index of the prism. δ
be the angle of deviation
According to the question, minimum deviation is taking place and we
know that for minimum deviation, r1=r2=r
, i1=i2=i
and δ=δm
.
And we know that ∠A=r1+r2
∴∠A=r+r=2r
And, r=A/2
Also, A+δ=i1+i2⟹A+δm=i+i⟹i=(A+δm)/2
Now, from Snell’s law, we can write that μ=sini/sinr
⟹μ=sin(A+δm/2)/sin(A/2)
This is the expression for refractive index.
28 1M

1M

1 M
29 (a) Curve B 1M
(b) Curve C 1M
(c) Curve B 1M
(d) Intensity 1M
(e) Frequency
30 i.d 1M
ii.c 1M
iii.c (or) b 1M
iv.d 1M
31 a)(i) Moving coil galvanometer is an instrument used for detection and 1M
measurement of small currents. Moving coil galvanometer works on the
principle that when a current-carrying coil is placed in magnetic field it
experiences a torque.
Construction: 1M
A moving coil galvanometer consists of a rectangular coil PQRS of
insulated thin copper wire. The coil contains a large number of turns
wound over a light metallic frame. A cylindrical soft-iron core is placed
symmetrically inside the coil. The rectangular coil is suspended freely
between two pole pieces of a horse-shoe magnet. The upper end of the
rectangular coil is attached to one end of fine strip of phosphor bronze
and the lower end of the coil is connected to a hair spring which is also
made up of phosphor bronze. deflection of the coil with the help of lamp
and scale arrangement. The other end of the mirror is connected to a
torsion head T. In order to pass electric current through the
galvanometer, the suspension strip W and the spring S are connected to
terminals.
Working: 1M
Due to the magnetic field produced by the current coil, the torque that
acts on the coil can be found using the following formula: =NIBAsinθ

As the coil starts rotating, the restoring torque keeps on increasing.

At this stage, applied torque = restoring torque

 1M

A galvanometer cannot be used to measure the value of the current

because of following two reasons:
(i) Galvanometer is a very sensitive device, it shows large
deflection when small currents pass through it. 1M
(ii) Galvanometer has very high resistance which can alter the value of
current flowing in circuit.
(ii) The main reason for the magnetic field to be produced is because of
the soft iron core cylinder which is symmetrically placed between the
poles of a strong permanent horseshoe magnet. This makes the
magnetic lines of force point along the radii of the circle.
To get a radial magnetic field, the pole pieces of the magnet, are made
concave in shape. 1M
(OR)
b)

2M

2M
(ii) Diamagnetic substances:–
1. When a diamagnetic substance is kept in a magnetizing field, then the
magnetic field lines will be repelled by the diamagnetic substances.
 2. Relative permeability of diamagnetic substance is less than one is μr<1
3. The susceptibility of diamagnetic substance is negative.

Paramagnetic substance:-
1. When a paramagnetic substance is kept in an external magnetic field
the field lines pass through the paramagnetic substances.
2. Relative permeability of paramagnetic substance is more than
one μr>1
3. The susceptibility of paramagnetic substance is positive.
32 (a) The points at the same potential in the circuit are connected by wires 1M
without any resistors or other components in between. Therefore, in the
given circuit:

- Points a, d, and g are at the same potential.

- Points b, e, and h are at the same potential.

- Points c and f are at the same potential.

(b) Current = 0.5 A 2M

(c) Potential difference = 2.5 V 1M

(d) Power = 1.25 W
1M
(OR)

(i) The electric potential at a point is the amount of work done to move a
unit positive charge from an infinitely long distance to that point. 1M

The SI unit of electric potential is volt (V), and it can also be written as
Joule per Coulomb.

(ii)

2M
 (iii)

1M

1M
33 (a)(i) 1M

2M

(ii) Given that m∞=8 and L∞=54

By using |m∞|=fofe and L∞=fo+fe we get fe=6cm and fo=48cm.

(OR) 1M
(b) 1M

(i) (a)Each point on the wave front acts as a fresh source of new disturbance, called
secondary wavelets, which spread
out in all directions with the same velocity as that of the original wave
(b) The forward envelope of these secondary
wavelets drawn at any instant, gives the shape 1M
and position of new wave front at that instant
 1M

(ii) Given intensities of the beams are I1=I, I2=4I

Maximum intensity
Imax=(√ I1 +√ I2 )2=(√ I +√ 4I )2=9I 1M
Minimum intensity
Imin=(√ I1 −√ I2 )2=(√ I −√ 4I )2=I

1M

1M
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN:: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER-2: 2024-25
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
CLASS: XII
TIME:3Hrs MAX MARKS:70
General Instructions
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark
each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three
marks each, Section D contains three long answer questions of five marks each and Section E contains
two case study-based questions of four marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section
B, one question in Section C, all three questions in Section D and one question in each CBQ in Section E.
You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION – A : Each question carries 1M

1 The optical density of turpentine is higher than that of water while its mass density is lower
shows a layer of turpentine floating over water in a container. For which one of the four rays
incident on turpentine in the path shown is correct?

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
2 Consider a group of charges q1, q2, q3 …… such that Σq ≠ 0. Then
Equipotential surfaces at a large distance, due to this group are approximately :
a) Plane b) Spherical surface
c) Paraboloidal surface d) Ellipsoidal surface
3 A straight wire is kept horizontally along east-west direction. If a steady current flows in wire
from east to west, the magnetic field at a point above the wire will point towards:
a) East b) West
c) North d) South
4 Two identical small conducting balls B1 and B2 are given -7 pC and +4 pC charges respectively.
They are brought in contact with a third identical ball B3 and then separated. If the final charge
on each ball is -2 pC, the initial charge on B3 was:
a) -2 pC b) -3 pC c) -5 pC d) -15 pC
5 A galvanometer of resistance 100 Ω is converted into an ammeter of range (0-1 A) using a
resistance of 0.1 Ω. The ammeter will show full scale deflection for a current of about
a) 0.1 mA b) 1 mA c) 10 mA d) 0.1 A
6 The current in a coil of 15 mH increases uniformly from zero to 4 A in 0.004s. The emf induced
in the coil will be
a) 22.5 V b) 17.5 V
c)15.0 V d) 12.5 V
7 Consider a solenoid of length l and area of cross-section A with fixed
number of turns. The self-inductance of the solenoid will increase if :
a) both l and A are increased
b) l is decreased and A is increased
c) l is increased and A is decreased
d) both l and A are decreased
8 Coulomb force F versus 1/r2 graphs for two pairs of point charges
𝑞
(q1 and q2) and (q2 and q3) are shown in the figure. The ratio of charges 𝑞1:
3

a)√3 b)1/√3 c)3 d)1/3

9 Electrons drift with speed vd in a conductor with potential difference V
across its ends. If V is reduced to (V/2) their drift speed will become
𝑣
a) 2𝑑 b)𝑣𝑑 c)2𝑣𝑑 d) 4𝑣𝑑
10 In four regions I, II, III and IV, the magnetic field is given by :
I. By = B0 sin kz II. By = B0 cos kz
III. By = B0 sin (kz-ωt) IV. By = B0 sin kz + B0 cos kz
The electromagnetic wave will exist in the region :
a) IV b) I c) III d) II
11 In the phenomena of Diffraction of light when the violet light is used in the experiment is used
instead of red light then,
a) Fringe width increases b) No change in fridge width
c) Fringe width decreases d) Colour pattern is formed
12 The path difference between two waves at the place of destructive interference is given by:
a) multiple of λ b) multiple of λ /2
c) even multiple of λ /2 d) odd multiple of λ /2
Assertion and Reasoning (1 Mark Each)
For questions 13–16, choose the correct option:
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.
13 Assertion (A): Electric potential (V) is a vector.
Reason (R): In an electric field, a negative charge move from lower potential to higher
potential.
14 Assertion (A): A real object is placed on the optic axis of a lens so that an erect image of twice
the size of the object is obtained. Then the lens must be a convex lens.
Reason (R): Erect image of a real object can be formed by a concave lens as well as convex
lens.
15 Assertion (A): Bohr said that the electrons in stationary orbits around the nucleus do not
radiate.
Reason (R): According to the classical physics, all moving electrons radiate.
16 Assertion (A): Two long parallel wires, freely suspended and connected in series to a battery,
move apart..
Reason (R): Two wires carrying current in opposite directions repel each other.
Section B: Each question carries 2M
17 Two cells of E.M.F. 10 V and 2 V and internal resistances 10 Ω and 5 Ω respectively, are
connected in parallel as shown. Find the effective voltage across R.

18 Name the electromagnetic waves which are produced by the following :

(i) Welding arcs
(ii) Hot bodies
Write one use each of these waves.
19 Two crystals C1 and C2 made of pure silicon, are doped with arsenic and aluminium
respectively.
(i)Identify the extrinsic semiconductors so formed.
(ii)Why is doping of an intrinsic semiconductor necessary?
20 Draw the circuit diagram for studying the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode in (i)
forward bias and (ii) reverse bias. Draw the typical V-I characteristics of a silicon diode.
21 (a)(i)Define the terms :’impact parameter’ and ‘distance of closest approach’ for an α -particle
in Geiger-Marsden scattering experiment.
(ii) What will be the value of the impact parameter for
scattering angle (I) θ = 0 and (II) θ = 180 ?
(OR)
(b) Photoelectric emission occurs when a surface is irradiated with the
radiation of frequency (i) v1, and (ii) v2. The maximum kinetic energy
of the electrons emitted in the two cases are K and 2K respectively.
Obtain the expression for the threshold frequency for the surface.
SECTION C: Each question carries 3M
22 (a) What is meant by relaxation time of free electrons in a conductor ?
Show that the resistance of a conductor can be expressed by
𝑚𝑙
R = 𝑛𝜏𝐴𝑒 2, where symbols have their usual meanings.
(OR)
(b) Draw the circuit diagram of a Wheatstone bridge. Obtain the condition when no current
flows through the galvanometer in it.
23 (a). What are the potential and kinetic energies of hydrogen atom at ground state?
(b). Explain Bohr’s second postulate of quantization of energy level, with suitable diagram using
de-Broglie’s hypotheses.
(OR)
State Bohr’s first and second postulates. Use them to derive an expression for the radius of nth
orbit in a hydrogen atom.
24 (a)(i)State Lenz’s Law. In a closed circuit, the induced current opposes the change in magnetic
flux that produced it as per the law of conservation of energy. Justify.
(ii)A metal rod of length 2m is rotated with a frequency 60 rev/s about an axis passing through
its centre and perpendicular to its length. A uniform magnetic field of 2T perpendicular to the
plane of rotation is switched-on in the region. Calculate the e.m.f. induced between the centre
and the end of the rod.
(OR)
(b)(i)State and explain Ampere’s circuital law.
 (ii)Two long straight parallel wires separated by 20 cm, carry 5A and 10A current respectively,
in the same direction. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at a point
midway between them.
25 With the help of a circuit diagram, explain the working of a p-n junction diode as a full-wave
rectifier. Also draw its input and output waveforms.
26 A ray is incident on a prism of material of refractive index √2 at point M
such that it grazes along NC after emerging from the prism, as shown in
the figure.

Find :
(a) the critical angle for the prism.
(b) the angle of refraction at face AB.

27 (a)Define atomic mass unit (u).

(b)When 4 hydrogen nuclei combine to form a helium nucleus, estimate the amount of
energy(In MeV) released in this process of fusion. Neglect the masses of electrons and
neutrons. Given,
(i). Mass of Hydrogen atom = 1.087825 u
(ii). Mass of helium nucleus= 4.002603 u
(iii). 1 u =931.5 MeV/c2.

28 A photosensitive surface of work function 2.1eV is irradiated by radiation of wavelength 150

nm. Calculate (i)the threshold wavelength, (ii)energy (in eV) of an incident photon, and
(iii)maximum kinetic energy of emitted photoelectron.

SECTION D : Each question carries 4M

29 Mutual inductance between the two coils is defined as the property of the coil due to which it
opposes the change of current in the other coil, or you can say in the neighbouring coil. When
the current in the neighbouring coil changes, the flux sets up in the coil and because of this,
changing flux emf is induced in the coil called mutually induced emf and the phenomenon is
known as mutual inductance.
The value of mutual inductance (M) depends upon the following factors:

1.Number of turns in the secondary or neighbouring coil,

2.Cross-sectional area,

3.Closeness of the two coils.

When on a magnetic core, two or more than two coils are wound, the coils are said to be
mutually coupled. The current, when passed in any of the coils wound around the magnetic
core, produces flux which links all the coils together and also the one in which current is
passed. Hence, there will be both self-induced emf and mutual induced emf in each of the
coils. The best example of the mutual inductance is the transformer, which works on the
principle of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Faraday's law of electromagnetic
induction states that, "the magnitude of voltage is directly proportional to the rate of change
of flux." Read the given passage carefully and give the answer of the following questions:

1. The phenomenon due to which there is an induced current in one coil due to current in a
neighbouring coil is:

(a). electromagnetism (b). susceptance

(c). mutual inductance (d). steady current

2. Mutual inductance between two magnetically coupled coils depends on:

(a). permeability of the core material

(b). number of the turns of the coils

(c). cross-sectional area of their common core

(d). All of the above

3. Which of the following is a unit of inductance?

(a). Ohm (b). Henry (c). Ampere (d). Weber/meter

4. Which of the following circuit elements will oppose the change in circuit current?
 (a). Capacitance (b). Inductance (c). Resistance (d). All of these

5. If in an iron cored coil, the iron core is removed so as to make the air cored coil, the
inductance of the coil will be:

(a). more (b). less (c). the same (d). None of these

30 The British physicist Thomas Young explained the interference of light

using the principle of superposition of waves. He observed the interference
pattern on the screen, in his experimental set double slit experiment. The two slits S 1 and S2
were illuminated by light from a slit S. The interference pattern consists of dark and bright
bands of light. Such bands are called fringes. The distance between two consecutive bright and
dark fringes is called fringe width.
1.If the screen is moved closer to the plane of slits S1 and S2, then
the fringe width :
(a) will decrease, but the intensity of bright fringe remains the same.
(b) will increase, but the intensity of bright fringe decreases.
(c) will decrease, but the intensity of bright fringe increases.
(d) and the intensity both remain the same.

2. What will happen to the pattern on the screen, when the two slits
S1 and S2 are replaced by two independent but identical sources ?
(a) The intensity of pattern will increase
(b) The intensity of pattern will decrease
(c) The number of fringes will become double
(d) No pattern will be observed on the screen

3. Two sources of light are said to be coherent, when both emit light
waves of :
(a) same amplitude and have a varying phase difference.
(b) same wavelength and a constant phase difference.
(c) different wavelengths and same intensity.
(d) different wavelengths and a constant phase difference.

4. The fringe width in a Young’s double slit experiment is β. If the

whole set-up is immersed in a liquid of refractive index ‘µ’, then the
new fringe width will be :
β β
(a) β (b) β µ (c) µ (d) µ2
5. The total path difference between two waves meeting at points
3𝜆
P1 and P2 on the screen are 2 and 2 𝜆 respectively. Then :
(a) bright fringes are formed at both points.
(b) dark fringes are formed at both points.
(c) a bright fringe is formed at P1 and a dark fringe is formed at P2.
(d) a bright fringe is formed at P2 and a dark fringe is formed at P1
SECTION E : Each question carries 5M

31 (i)You are given three circuit elements X, Y and Z. They are connected one by one across a
𝜋
given ac source. It is found that V and I are in phase for element X. V leads I by ( 4 ) for element Y
𝜋
while I leads V by (4 ) for element Z. Identify elements X, Y and Z.
 (ii)Establish the expression for impedance of circuit when elements X, Y and Z are connected in
series to an ac source. Show the variation of current in the circuit with the frequency of the
applied ac source.
(iii)In a series LCR circuit, obtain the conditions under which (i)impedance is minimum and (ii)
wattles current flow in the circuit.
(OR)
(i)Explain with the help of a labelled diagram, the principle and working of an ac generator and
obtain expression for the emf generated in the coil.
(ii) Draw a schematic diagram showing the nature of the alternating emf generated by the
rotating coil in the magnetic field during one cycle.
32 (i)A dielectric slab of dielectric constant ‘K’ and thickness ‘t’ is inserted between plates of a
parallel plate capacitor of plate separation d and plate area A. Obtain an expression for its
capacitance.
(ii)Two capacitors of different capacitances are connected first (1) in series and then (2) in
parallel across a dc source of 100 V. If the total energy stored in the combination in the two
cases are 40 mJ and 250 mJ respectively, find the capacitance of the capacitors.
(OR)
(i)Using Gauss’s law, show that the electric field 𝐸⃗ at a point due to a uniformly charged infinite
𝜎
plane sheet, is given by 𝐸⃗ = 2𝜖 𝑛̂ where symbols have their ususal meanings.
0
(ii)Electric field 𝐸⃗ in a region is given by 𝐸⃗ = (5x2 + 2) 𝑖̂ where E is in N/C and x is in metres. A
cube of side 10 cm is placed in the region as shown in figure.

Calculate (1) the electric flux through the cube, and (2) the net charge enclosed by the cube.
33 (a)(i)Draw a labelled ray diagram of a compound microscope when image is formed at least
distance of distinct vision.
(ii)Define its magnifying power and deduce the expression for the magnifying power of the
microscope.
(iii)A compound microscope has a magnifying power of 100 when the image is formed at
infinity. The objective has a focal length of 0.5cm and the tube length is 6.5cm. Find the focal
length of the eyepiece
(OR)
When a parallel beam of monochromatic source of light of wavelength λ is incident on a single
slit of width , show how the diffraction pattern is formed at the screen by the interference of
the wavelets from the slit.
(i)Show that, besides the central maximum at θ = 0, secondary maxima are observed at θ n =
1
(n+2)λ/a & minima at θn = n λ/a.
(ii) Show that angular width of central maximum is twice the angular width of secondary
maximum and hence find the relation for linear width of central maximum.
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN HYDERABAD REGION
MARKING SCHEME OF MODEL QUESTION PAPER-2 : 2024-25
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
CLASS: XII

1 b 1M
2 b 1M
3 c 1M
4 b 1M
5 b 1M
6 c 1M
7 b 1M
8 d 1M
9 a 1M
10 c 1M
11 c 1M
12 d 1M
13 d 1M
14 c 1M
15 b 1M
16 a 1M

17 Applying Kirchhoff’s junction rule

½M

½M

½M

½M

18 (i)Welding arcs emit ultraviolet (UV) light, which is used for sterilizing 1M
equipment by killing bacteria and viruses
(ii) Hot bodies emit infrared (IR) radiation, which is used in thermal 1M
imaging cameras to detect heat leaks in buildings and for night vision
19 (i) C1 - n-type semiconductor C2 - p-type semiconductor 1M
(ii) Doping of intrinsic semiconductors is done to increase the
concentration of the majority charge carrier so that it can be used as 1M
a p-type or n-type semiconductor in the diode.
20 Forward bias correct diagram ½M
½M
1M
 Reverse Bias correct diagram

V – I characteristics

21 lmpact parameters is the perpendicular distance of the velocity ½M

vector of the alpha-particle from the central line of the nucleus,
when the particle is far away from the atom.

The minimum distance upto which an energetic α-particle travelling ½M

directly towards a nucleus can move before coming to rest and then
retracing its path is known as distance of closest approach.

For 0 degree - infinity

For 180 degree - zero ½M
(OR) ½M
(b)From the concepts of the photoelectric effect, we know
that (K.E)max. = h(v- Vo)

where v= applied frequency of radiation

Vo= threshold frequency of metal surface

h= Planck's constant

Therefore, according to the question

For(i). K= h(v1-Vo) equ......(a) ½M

For(ii) 2K= h(v2-Vo) equ.......(b) ½M

Putting equ. (a) in (b), we get

2h(v1-Vo)=h(v2-Vo)
 2v1-2Vo = v2-Vo
1M
Vo= 2v1-v2

Thus threshold frequency of the metal surface is 2v1-v2

22 Relaxation time is defined as the time interval between two 1M

successive collisions of electrons in a conductor when current flows
through it. It is denoted by τ

½M

½M

½M

(OR) ½M

1M

P, Q, R and S are four resistance forming a closed bridge, called

Wheatstone bridge. A battery is connected across A and C, while a
galvanometer is connected between B and D. When the bridge is
balanced, there is no current in galvanometer.
 Let the current flowing in the circuit in the balanced condition be I.
This current on reaching point A is divided into two parts I1 and I2. As
there is no current in galvanometer in balanced condition, current in
resistances P and Q is I1 and in resistances R and S it is I2. Applying
Kirchhoff’s I law at point A ½ M

½M

½M

½ M

23

1M

1M

1M
 1M

(OR)
(b) 1.The electrons in an atom revolve around the nucleus only in
certain selected circular orbits. As long as the electrons remain in a
particular orbit, it neither loses or gains energy. This leads to the idea
that each orbit is associated with the definite energy level .i.e.
definite whole number quanta of energy. These orbits are also
known as energy shells or energy levels.
2. The angular momentum of an electron around the nucleus is
quantised. An electron, like any other body moving in a circular orbit,
has an angular momentum given by mvr which is equal to integral ½M
multiple of h/2π

½M

1M

24 Lenz's Law states that the direction of the induced current in a ½ M

closed circuit is such that it opposes the change in the magnetic flux
that produced it.
This is in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. When a 1 M
changing magnetic field induces a current in a closed circuit, the
induced current creates its own magnetic field that opposes the
change in the original magnetic field. This opposition is a result of
the induced current trying to maintain the original magnetic flux,
which would require energy. By opposing the change in the magnetic
flux, the induced current minimizes the energy required to maintain
the original magnetic field, in accordance with the law of
conservation of energy. ½M
To calculate the emf induced between the center and end of the rod,
we can use the formula:

emf = (1/2) × B × ω × r2

where:

- B = magnetic field strength (2 T)

- ω = angular frequency (2πf, where f is the frequency)

½M
- r = radius of rotation (half the length of the rod, 0.5 m)

First, calculate the angular frequency:

ω = 2πf = 2π × 60 = 377 rad/s 1M

Now, plug in the values:

emf = (1/2) × 2 × 377 × (0.5)2

emf = 188.5 V

So, the emf induced between the center and end of the rod is
1M
approximately 188.5 V.

(OR)
Statement : The line integral of magnetic field of induction B around
any closed path in free space is equal to μ0 times the total current
flowing through area bounded by the path .
∮B.dl=μ0I
Explanation : Consider a long straight conductor in which current 'I' is 1 M
following. Imagine a closed curved Amperian loop having radius 'r'
and length dl. Let B be the strength of magnetic field around the
conductor.
 Then, according to Ampere's circuital law,
∮B.dl=∮B.dlcosθ

1M

25 1M

Its working is based on the fact that the resistance of p-n junction
becomes low when forward biased and becomes high when reverse
biased.
1M
Working : During the positive half cycle of the input ac, suppose P1 is
negative and P2 is positive. On account of mutual induction, S1
becomes positive, S2 becomes negative. The p-n junction diode D1
is forward biased and D2 is reverse biased.
The forward current flows on account of majority carriers of junction
diode D1 in direction shown in fig.
During the negative half cycle of input ac, D1 is reverse biased and D2 is
forward biased, as in Fig
The forward current flows on account of majority carriers of diode D2. We
observe that during both the halves current through R flows in the same
direction. The input and output waveforms are shown in fig
1M
26 The prism's glass type has a critical angle of 42 degrees. The light 1.5 M
beam is 90 degrees rotated. The light ray incident at A is normal and
enters the glass prism unbent, passing straight through.

The angle of refraction must be 90° or more for the emergent ray to
1.5 M
brush against the face AC. We can deduce from geometry that face
AB's angle of refraction is 15°.
27 An atomic mass unit is defined as accurately 1/12 the mass of a 1M
carbon-12 atom.
1 a.m.u. = 1.67377 x 10-27 kilogram or 1.67377 x 10-24 gram.

1M

1M
28 1M

1M

1M

29 1.c 1M
2.d
3.b 1M
4.b
5.b 2M
30 1.a 1M
2.d 1M
3.b 1M
4.c 1M
5.d
31 1M

1M

1M

1M

1M

(OR)
Principle of ac generator: Working of ac generator is based on the
phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. whenever magnetic flux 1M
linked with a coil changes, an emf is induced in the coil. The direction
of current induced is given by flemming's right hand rule.

1M

Construction & Working

Suppose at any instant of time 't', normal to the coil makes an 1M
angle θ with the direction of B(magnetic field),
Let, N: number of turns in the coil, A : area enclosed by coil ∴
∴ Magnetic flux, 𝜙 = N (𝐵 ⃗ . 𝐴)
1M

1M
32 (a) 1M

2M

½M

½M

½M

½M

(OR)
 1M

½M

½M

1M

½M

½M
(ii)Flux on left side = EAcosθ = ((5x0) + 2) i x 10-2 cos 180 = -0.02 Wb
½M
Flux on right side = EAcosθ = ((5x 10-2) + 2) i x 10-2 cos0 = 0.0205 Wb

Total flux = 0.0005 wb ½M

Charge = flux x ϵ0 = 0.0005 x 8.85 x 10-12 = 44.25 x 10-16 C

33 a)(i) &(ii)

1M

½M

1.5 M
(iii)

½M

½M

1M

(OR)

1M

1M

The diffraction design framed can be perceived by adding the

commitment from different wavelets of the incident wavefront. At
the central point, the slit is partitioned into two equal parts. The
commitment of wavelets from those two parts are on stage. So,
maxima is obtained at the centre.

We know that, for minima Δx=λ/2

. We substitute the value of path difference from the figure,

(asinθ)/2=λ/2
1M
Theta is the angle between the line joining the first minima and the
line joining the slit and the central maxima. Here, sinθ=tanθ and the
value of this will be y/D

. The second minima will be formed at y=λD/a

below the central minima, so the width will be twice as much as this
value. That is, y=(2λD)/a will be the width of the central maxima.

(ii)Distance of n th minimum from central maximum

xn=nDλ/a
[where D = distance of slit from the screen , λ = wavelength of the
light, a = width of the slit] 1M
In a diffraction pattern, secondary maxima and minima come
alternatively and so the width of a secondary maximum,
β=xn-xn-1=nDλ/a - (n-1)Dλ/a=Dλ/a
Now, angular width of the central maximum,
2θ=2λ/a
Therefore, linear width of central maximum,
β0=D⋅2θ=2Dλ/a=2β 1M
i.e,. width of central maximum is twice that of any secondary
maximum.
Again, both the width of secondary maximum and central
maximum ∝1/width of slit(a).
So, if the width of slit is increased, the width of diffraction fringes
gets diminished.
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN :: HYDERABAD REGION

MODEL QUESTION PAPER-3: 2024-25

CLASS XII

PHYSICS

TIME: 03 HOURS MAX. MARKS : 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. The question paper have five sections. All sections are compulsory.

3. Section A contains 16 questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1

mark each. Section B contains 5 question of 2 marks each, Section C contains 7

question of 3 marks each, Section D contains 2 case study based question of 4 marks

each and Section E contains 3 long answer questions of 5 marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one

question in section B, one question in section C, one question in each CBQ in section D

and all three questions in section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in

such question.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Q.No Questions Mark

Section A

1 When a metallic surface is illuminated with radiation of wavelength λ, the 1

stopping potential is V. If the same surface is illuminated with radiation of

𝑉
wavelength 2λ, the stopping potential is The threshold wavelength for the
4

1|Page
 metallic surface

5
a) 3 λ b)2 λ c) 4 λ d) 5 λ

2 A particle having a charge 𝑞1 exerts F electrostatic force on the charge 𝑞2 at rest. 1

𝑞1
If a particle has a charge is placed midway between the line joining the two
4

charges 𝑞1 and 𝑞2. Then electrostatic force on 𝑞2 due to 𝑞1 will become/remain

𝐹
a) 2F b) 2 c) F d) zero.

3 An α-particle of energy 5 MeV is scattered through 180∘ by a fixed uranium 1

nucleus. The distance of the closest approach is of the order of

a) 10-10 m b) 10-13 m c) 10-14 m d) 10-16 m

4 1
A very long straight wire carries a current I. At the instant when a charge +Q at

point P has velocity 𝑣⃗, as shown, the force on the charge is:-

a) along OX b)along OY c)opposite to OX d)opposite to OY

5 There are four lightweight rod samples A, B, C, and D separately suspended by 1

threads. A bar magnet is slowly brought near each sample and the following

observations are noted:

i) A is feebly repelled ii)B is feebly attracted

iii) C is strongly attracted iv)D remains unaffected

Which of the following is true?

2|Page
 a) C is of a diamagnetic material b) D is of a ferromagnetic material

c) A is of a non-magnetic material d) B is of a paramagnetic material

6 In order to pass 10% of the main current through a moving coil galvanometer of 1

99 𝛺, the resistance of the required shunt is:

a) 9 𝛺 b) 9.9 𝛺 c) 10 𝛺 d) 11 𝛺

7 In the circuit shown in the figure, energy stored in 6 𝜇𝐹 capacitor will be: 1

a) 48 x 10-6J b)32 x 10-6J c)96 x 10-6J d)24 x 10-6J

8 The slope of stopping potential versus frequency of incident light graph for a 1

given photo sensitive surface will be ( h = planck’s constatnt)

(a) h (b) h/e (c) eh (d) e

9 A transformer is used to light a 100W and 110V lamp from 220V mains. If the 1

main current is 0.5A, the efficiency of the transformer is approximately:

a) 90% b)50% c)30% d)10%

10 If E and B denote electric and magnetic fields respectively, which of the following 1

is dimensionless?

𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 2 𝐸 𝜇𝑜
a) √𝜇𝑜 𝜖𝑜 b) 𝜇𝑜 𝜖𝑜 𝐵 c) 𝜇𝑜 𝜖𝑜 (𝐵) d) ∈ 𝑋
𝐵 𝑜 𝐵

11 The de-Broglie wavelength depends upon mass m and energy E according to the 1

relation represented as
1⁄ 1⁄ −1⁄ 1⁄ −1⁄ 1⁄
(a) 𝑚 𝐸 2 (b) 𝐸 𝑚 2 (c) 𝑚 2 𝐸− 2 (d) 𝑚 2 𝐸 2

3|Page
 12 The ratio of the energies of the hydrogen atom in its first to second excited states 1

is
1 4 9
a) 4 b) 9 c) 4 d) 4

For Question 13 to 16, two statements are given – one labelled as Assertion (A)

and other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from

the options as given below:

A. Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct

explanation of Assertion.

B. Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is Not the correct

explanation of Assertion.

C. Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D. Both Assertion and Reason are false.

13 Assertion (A): The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor increases on doping. 1

Reason (R): Doping always increases the number of electrons in the

semiconductor

14 Assertion(A): In Young's double slit experiment if the wavelength of incident 1

monochromatic light is just doubled, the number of bright fringes on the screen

will increase.

Reason(R): The maximum number of bright fringes on the screen is directly

proportional to the wavelength of light used.

15 Assertion(A): If a convex lens is placed in water, its converging power decreases. 1

Reason(R): The focal length of the convex lens relative to water is greater than

that relative to air.

4|Page
 16 Assertion(A): The resistance of a given mass of copper wire is inversely 1

proportional to the square of length.

Reason(R): When a copper wire of a given mass is stressed to increase its length,

its cross- sectional area also increases.

Section B

17 Two semiconductor materials X and Y, shown in the given figure, are made by 2

doping a germanium crystal with indium and arsenic respectively. The two are

joined end to end and connected to a battery as shown.

a) Will the junction be forward-biased or reverse-biased?

b) Sketch a V-I graph for this arrangement.

18 a) Red light, however bright it is, cannot produce the emission of electrons from 2

a clean zinc surface, but even weak ultraviolet radiation can do so, why?

b) X-rays of wavelength λ fall on a photosensitive surface, emitting electrons.

Assuming that the work function of the surface can be neglected, prove that

ℎ𝜆
the de Broglie wavelength of electrons emitted will be √2𝑚𝑐.

5|Page
 19 The figure shows two identical rectangular loops (1) and (2), placed on a table 2

along with a straight long current carrying conductor between them.

a) What will be the directions of the induced currents in the loops when

they are pulled away from the conductor with same velocity v ?

b) Will the emf induced in the two loops be equal ? Justify your answer

20 2

A cell of emf E and internal resistance r is connected to two external resistances

R1 and R2 and a perfect ammeter. The current in the circuit is measured in four

different situations:

(i) without any external resistance in the circuit.

(ii) with resistance R1 only

(iii) with R1 and R2 in series combination

(iv) with R1 and R2 in parallel combination.

The currents measured in the four cases are 0.42 A, 1.05 A, 1.4 A and 4.2 A, but

not necessarily in that order. Identify the currents corresponding to the four cases

mentioned above.

6|Page
 21 A figure divided into squares each of size 1mm2 is being viewed at a distance of 8 2

cm through a converging lens of focal length 12cm.

a) What is the magnification produced by the lens ?

b) How much is the area of each square in the virtual image?

OR

Three immiscible liquids of densities d1 > d2 > d3 and refractive indices μ1 > μ2 >

μ3 are put in a beaker. The height of each liquid column is h/3. A dot is made at

the bottom of the beaker. For near normal vision, find the apparent depth of the

dot.

Section C

22 a) What characteristic property of nuclear force explains the constancy of 3

binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) in the range of mass number ‘A’ lying 30

< A < 170?

b) Show that the density of a nucleus over a wide range of nuclei is constant,

independent of mass number.

23 A molecule of a substance has a permanent electric dipole moment of magnitude 3

equal to 10−29 𝐶𝑚. A mole of this substance is polarized (at low temperature) by

applying a strong electrostatic field of magnitude (100 Vm-1). The direction of the

field is suddenly changed by an angle of 60∘. Estimate the heat released by the

substance in aligning its dipole along the new direction of the field. For simplicity,

assume 100% polarisation of sample.

24 The uniform wire of resistance 12 𝛺 is cut into three pieces so that the ratio of the 3

resistances R1 : R2 : R3 = 1: 2: 3 and the three pieces are connected to form a

7|Page
 triangle across which a cell of emf 8V and internal resistance 1 𝛺 is connected as

shown. Calculate the current through each part of the circuit.

25 Using de Broglie’s hypothesis, explain with the help of a suitable diagram, Bohr’s 3

second postulate of quantisation of energy levels in a hydrogen atom.

26 ⃗⃗⃗ ) due to a planar square

a) Write the expression for the magnetic moment (𝑀 3

loop of side ‘l’ carrying a steady current I in a vector form.

b) A square loop of side ‘a’ carrying a current l2 is kept at a distance x from an

infinitely long straight wire carrying a current l1 as shown in the figure.

Obtain the expression for the resultant force acting on the loop.

OR

Two long straight parallel conductors carry steady currents l1 and l2 separated

by a distance d. If the currents are flowing in the same direction, show how the

magnetic field set up in one produces an attractive force on the other. Obtain the

expression for this force. Hence define one ampere.

8|Page
 27 (a) Use Huygen’s principle to verify the laws of refraction. 3

(b) Draw the diagrams to show the behavior of plane wavefronts as they

(i) pass through a thin convex lens and

(ii) reflect by a concave mirror.

28 3

a) Define the term 'self-inductance' of a coil. Write its S.I. unit.

b) Show that magnetic energy required to build up the current I in a coil of self-

inductance L,is given by ½ 𝐿𝐼2.

Section D

29 Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows. 4

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily

in one direction (asymmetric conductance). It has low (ideally zero) resistance in

one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other.

A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is a crystalline piece

of semiconductor material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical

terminals. It has an exponential current–voltage characteristic. Semiconductor

diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices. The discovery of

asymmetric electrical conduction across the contact between a crystalline mineral

and a metal was made by German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1874. Today, most

diodes are made of silicon, but other semiconducting materials such as gallium

arsenide and germanium are also used.

9|Page
 The obsolete thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two electrodes, a heated

cathode and a plate, in which electrons can flow in only one direction, from

cathode to plate.

Among many uses, diodes are found in rectifiers to convert alternating current

(AC) power to direct current (DC), demodulation in radio receivers, and can even

be used for logic or as temperature sensors. A common variant of a diode is a

light-emitting diode, which is used as electric lighting and status indicators on

electronic devices.

i. A full wave rectifier circuit along with the input and output voltages is

shown in the figure

The contribution to output voltage from diode-2 is

a) A,C b)B,D c) B,C d) A,D

ii. Two identical p-n junction may be connected in series with a battery in

three ways as shown in the adjoining figure. The potential drop across

the p-n junctions are equal in

10 | P a g e
 a) First and second circuits b)Second and third circuits

c) Third and first circuits d) All of these

iii) Current in the circuit will be

a) 5/40 A b) 5/50A c) 5/10 A d) 5/20A

iv) In half wave rectification, if the input frequency is 60 Hz, then the output

frequency would be:

a) 30 Hz b)60 Hz c) 120 Hz d) Zero

OR

The breakdown in a reverse biased p-n junction is more likely to occur due to :

11 | P a g e
 a) Large velocity of the majority charge carriers if the doping concentration is small.

b) Large velocity of the minority charge carriers if the doping concentration is small.

c) Strong electric field in a depletion region if the doping concentration is small.

d) Strong electric field in a depletion region if the doping concentration is large

30 Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows. 4

Strontium titanate is a rare oxide – a natural mineral found in Siberia. It is used as

a substitute for diamond because its refractive index and critical angle are 2.41

and 24.5 , respectively, which are approximately equal to the refractive index and

critical angle of diamond. It has all the properties of diamond. Even an expert

jeweller is unable to differentiate between diamond and strontium titanate. A ray

of light is incident normally on one face of an equilateral triangular prism ABC

made of strontium titanate.

(i) A ray of light is incident on an equilateral glass prism placed on a

horizontal table. For minimum deviation, which of the following is true?

a) RS is horizontal b)either PQ or RS is horizontal

12 | P a g e
 c) QR is horizontal d)PQ is horizontal

(ii) The refractive index of an equilateral triangular prism kept in air is √2.

Calculate the angle of minimum deviation

a) 300 b)450 c)600 d) 900

iii. For a glass prism, the angle of minimum deviation will be smallest for the

light of

a) red colour b)blue colour c) yellow colour d) green colour

iv. A ray of light incident at an angle 𝜃 on a refracting face of a prism

emerges from the other face normally. If the angle of the prism is 5o and

the prism is made of a material of refractive index 1.5, the angle of

incidence is

a) 7.50 b)50 c)150 d) 2.50

OR

The refractive index of the material of a prism is √2 and the angle of the prism is

30o.One of the two refracting surfaces of the prism is made a mirror inwards, by

silver coating. A beam of monochromatic light entering the prism from the other

face will retrace its path (after reflection from the silvered surface) if its angle of

incidence of the prism is

(a) 60o b)45o c) 30o d) zero

Section E

31 5
(a) Draw a labelled ray diagram of a compound microscope and write an

expression for its magnifying power.

(b) The focal length of the objective and eye-lens of a compound microscope are

2 cm and 6.25 cm respectively. The distance between the lenses is 15 cm.

13 | P a g e
 (i) How far from the objective lens, will the object be kept, so as to

obtain the final image at the near point of the eye?

(ii) Also calculate its magnifying power.

OR

(a) State the importance of coherent sources in the phenomenon of interference.

(b) In Young’s double slit experiment, the two slits 0.12 mm apart are

illuminated by monochromatic light of wavelength 420 nm. The screen is 1.0

m away from this slits. Find the distance of the second (a) bright fringe, (b)

dark fringe from the central maximum.

(c) Show that the angular width of the first diffraction fringe is half of that

of the central fringe.

(d) If a monochromatic source of light is replaced by white light, what change

would you observe in the diffraction pattern?

32 a) Draw the diagram of a device which is used to decrease high ac voltage into a 5

low ac voltage and state its working principle. Write four sources of energy

loss in this device.

b) A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of electric power at 220 V is

situated 20 km away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The

resistance of the two-wire line carrying power is 0.5 Ω per km. The town gets

the power from the line through a 4000 – 220 V step-down transformer at a

substation in the town. Estimate the line power loss in the form of heat.

OR

A voltage V=V0 sin ωt is applied to a series LCR circuit. Derive the expression for

the average power dissipated over a cycle. a) Under what condition is no power

14 | P a g e
 dissipated even though the current flows through the circuit. b) In LCR ac circuit
1
VL = VC = 2 VR and R = 5 , if 𝐿 = then find K.
𝐾Π

33 a) Derive an expression for the electric field E due to a dipole of length ′2a′ at a 5

point distant r from the centre of the dipole on the axial line. b) Draw a graph of E

versus r for r >>a.

c)If this dipole were kept in a uniform external electric field E0, diagrammatically

represent the position of the dipole in stable and unstable equilibrium and write

the expressions for the torque acting on the dipole in both cases.

OR

a) Using Gauss’s law, prove that the electric field at a point due to a uniformly

charged infinite plane sheet is independent of the distance from it.

b) An infinitely large thin plane sheet has a uniform surface charge density +σ.

Obtain the expression for the amount of work done in bringing a point charge

q from infinity to a point, distant r, in front of the charged plane sheet.

15 | P a g e
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN :: HYDERABAD REGION

MODEL QUESTION PAPER-3: 2024-25

CLASS XII- MARKING SCHEME-3

PHYSICS

TIME: 03 HOURS MAX. MARKS : 70

Qn. Points Total

No Value Points wise Marks

marks

1 Option a) 3 λ 1 1

2 Option c) F 1 1

3 1 1
Option c) 10-14 m

4 Option b) along OY 1 1

5 Option d) B is of a paramagnetic material 1 1

6 1 1
Option d) 11Ω

7 Option a) 48 X 10-6J 1 1

8 Option B) 1 1

9 1 1
Option a) 90%

10 Option b) (a) √(μ0ε0) E/B 1 1

11 Option c) 1 1

12 Option c) 9/4 1 1

13 Option c) Assertion is true but Reason is false. 1 1

14 Option d) both Assertion and reason are false. 1 1

15 Option a) both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the 1 1

1|Page
 correct explanation of Assertion

16 Option d) both Assertion and reason are false. 1 1

17 i) X is P type and Y is N type and the junction is reverse biased. ½+½ 2

ii)

18 1 2
a) The photoemission of electrons does not depend on the intensity but

it depends on the frequency and hence on the energy of photon of

incident light. If the energy of photon is greater than the work

function, the photoemission of electrons results however weak the

incident radiation may be. The energy of photon of red light is less

than the work function of zinc, so red light cannot emit

photoelectrons. The energy of photon of ultraviolet light is greater

than the work function of zinc, so ultraviolet light can emit

photoelectrons.

b)

2|Page
 1

19 (i) In accordance with Lenz.s law induced current flows in an anticlockwise 1 2

direction in loop number (1), but flows in clockwise direction in loop number 1

(2). Due to current I magnetic field →B developed around loop (1) is

perpendicular to the plane of paper and pointing outward. On moving the

loop away the induced emf tends to strengthen the magnetic field and hence

induced current flows in anticlockwise direction. Similarly, it can be shown

that induced current in loop (2) will flow in clockwise direction.

(ii) The magnitude of induced emf in two loops will be different because rate of

change of magnetic flux in them are different.

3|Page
 20 ½ 2

21 Area of each square, A = 1 mm2 1 2

Object distance, u = −8 cm

Focal length of a converging lens, f = 12 cm

1/f = 1/v -1/u

1/12 = 1/v + 1/8
v = -24 cm

magnification = m = v/u = -24/-8

=3

Each side of the square is magnified 3 times. So, the area of each
square in the image is given as,

A'=A×(3)2
½+½

Where, the area of each square is A .

By substituting the given values in the above expression, we get

4|Page
 A=1 mm 2 ×9 = 9 mm 2

Thus, the area of each square in the image is 9 mm 2

OR

22 (i) Saturation or short range nature of nuclear forces. 1 3

(ii) We have R = R0 A1/3 Let m = mass of nucleon
2

23 Dipole moment of each molecules =10−29 Cm. 1 3

1
As 1 mole of the substance contains 6×1023 molecules ,

5|Page
 1
Total dipole moment of all the molecules. p=6×1023×10−29Cm=6×10−6 Cm
Initial potential energy Ui=−p E cos θ=−6×10−6×106cos0o=−6J
Final potential energy Uf=−6×10−6×106×cos60o=−3J
Work done =− (Change in potential energy). =−[(−3)−(−6)]=−3J

24 1 3
Here 2 Ω and 4 Ω are in series. Their effective resistance = 2 + 4 = 6 Ω .
This is in parallel with 6 Ω resistance.
The effective resistance between A and C, R = 6×6 = 3 Ω 1
6+6
8
Total current from the cell, I = 𝗌 + 𝑟 = = 2𝐴
𝑅 3+1 1
Let I1 , I2 = current through arms AC and ABC respectively.
𝐼
Since the resistance of arm AC = resistance of arm ABC, so I1 = I2 = =
2
2 = 1𝐴
2

25 suitable diagram, 1 3
2
Derivation
26 3
a) Magnetic moment due to a planar square loop of side I 1
carrying current I is 𝑚 ⃗⃗→ = 𝐼𝐴→
𝜇0𝐼1𝐼2
b) ⃗𝐹⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗→ = ⃗𝑭⃗⃗⃗→ + ⃗𝐹⃗⃗→ = 𝐼 𝑎 𝝁0𝐼1 (i^) + 𝑎 ⋅ (−𝚤̂) 1
𝑛𝒆𝒕 1 3 2 2𝜋𝑥 2𝜋 (𝑥+𝑎) 1
The force is repulsive .

OR
2
1
a. Derivation
b. Definition

27 (a) Diagram & Derivation 2 3

(b)

6|Page
 (i) ½

(ii) Concave mirror

28 a) Definition + unit 1 3
b) Expression for energy of a long solenoid
2
29 i. (b) B,D 4 X1 4
ii. (b) second and third circuit
iii. (b) 5/50
iv. (b) 60 Hz OR (a)
30 i. (c) QR is horizontal 4 x1 4
ii. (d) 300
iii. (a) Red colour
iv. (a) 7.50 OR (a) 450
31

½
½

(a) 1
(b) When the final image is formed at least distance of distant vision (D
= 25cm) : Given fo = 2.0cm, fe = 6.25cmand L = 15cm 1

7|Page
 OR
(a) If coherent sources are not taken, the phase difference between
two interfering waves, will change continuously and a sustained 1
interference pattern will not be obtained. Thus, coherent sources
provide sustained interference pattern.
(b)

(c)
1

d)When a monochromatic source is replaced by a white light, the

diffracted image of the slit will get dispersed into constituent colors of 1
white light. The central maxima will be white, and all other fringes will

8|Page
 be of the constituent colors.
32 Transformer diagram + Principle ½+½ 5
+2
+ 4 losses

+2

OR

a) Derive the expression for the average power dissipated over a cycle in
3
an LCR circuit
b) Condition for no power dissipated even though the current flows
1
through the circuit, is ϕ= 900, for an inductive or capacitive circuit
Power factor = cos 90 0 = 0
c)
1

9|Page
 33 a) Derivation for the electric field E due to a dipole of length ′2a′ at a point 2.5 5
distant r from the centre of the dipole on the axial line.
b) Draw a graph of E versus r for r >>a. ½
c) If this dipole were kept in a uniform external electric field E0,
½+½
diagrammatically represent the position of the dipole in stable and
unstable equilibrium and write the expressions for the torque acting
on the dipole in both the cases.
OR
a) Derivation: Using Gauss’s law, prove that the electric field at a point
½+½
due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet is independent of the
distance from it.
b) The amount of work done in bringing a point charge q from infinity
3
to a point, at a distance r is given by

10 | P a g e
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN :: HYDERABAD REGION

MODEL QUESTION PAPER-4: 2024-25

CLASS XII

PHYSICS

TIME: 03 HOURS MAX. MARKS : 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. The question paper have five sections. All sections are compulsory.

3. Section A contains 16 questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1

mark each. Section B contains 5 question of 2 marks each, Section C contains 7

question of 3 marks each, Section D contains 2 case study based question of 4 marks

each and Section E contains 3 long answer questions of 5 marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one

question in section B, one question in section C, one question in each CBQ in section D

and all three questions in section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in

such question.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Q.No. Questions Mark

Section A

1 The ratio of no. of turns of primary coil to secondary coil in a transformer is 2:3. 1

If a cell of 6 V is connected across the primary coil, then voltage across the

secondary coil will be

1|Page
 (a) 3 V (b) 6 V (c) 9 V (d) 12 V

2 When paramagnetic placed in external uniform magnetic field , it tends to move 1

(a) From stronger to weaker part of the field

(b) From weaker to stronger part of the field

(c) remains stationary

(d) First move from stronger to weaker and after some time it reverses

its direction.

3 An electromagnetic wave of frequency 3 MHz passes from vacuum into a 1

medium with dielectric constant k = 4. Then

(a) both wavelength and frequency remain unchanged

(b) wavelength is doubled and frequency becomes half

(c) wavelength is halved and frequency remains unchanged

(d) wavelength is doubled and the frequency remains unchanged

4 Two charged spheres separated by a distance d exert some force F on each 1

other. If they are immersed in a liquid of dielectric constant 4, then what is the

force exerted, if all other conditions are same?

(a) 2F (b) 4F (c) F/2 (d) F/4

5 In a LCR-circuit, the potential difference between the terminals of the 1

inductance is 60 V, between terminals of the capacitor is 30 V and that between

the terminals of the resistance is 40 V. The supply voltage will be

(a) 25 V (b) 50 V (c) 100 V (d) 200 V

6 A rectangular coil ABCD is rotated anticlockwise with a uniform angular velocity 1

about the axis shown in the figure. Initially, the axis of rotation of the coil as well

2|Page
 as the magnetic field B were horizontal. The induced E.M.F. in the coil would be

maximum when plane of the coil:-

(a) Is horizontal

(b) Is at right angle to the magnetic field

(c) Makes an angle of 30o with the horizontal

(d) Makes an angle of 45o with the direction of magnetic field.

7 The value of current, flowing through an inductor of inductance 1 H and having 1

negligible resistance when connected to an AC source of 200 V and 50 Hz, is

(a) 0.64 A (b) 1.64 A (c) 2.64 A (d) 3.64 A

8 When a ray of light enters a glass slab its wavelength 1

(a) decreases

(b) increases

(c) remains unchanged

(d) data are not complete

9 A charged particle moving in a magnetic field experiences a resultant force 1

(a) In the direction of field

(b) In the direction opposite to that field

(c) In the direction perpendicular to both the field and its velocity

3|Page
 (d) Equal to zero

10 A charged ball B hangs from a silk thread S, which makes an angle θ with a large 1

charged conducting sheet P, as shown in figure, the surface charge density is σ of

the sheet is proportional to ___

(a) sin θ (b) cos θ (c) tan θ (d) cot θ

11 A parallel plate capacitor with oil between the plates (dielectric constant of oil K 1

= 2) has a capacitance C. If the oil is removed, then capacitance of the capacitor

becomes

𝐶 𝐶
(a) √2C (b) 2C (c) (d) 2
√2

12 A diamagnetic material in a magnetic field moves 1

(a) from weaker to stronger parts

(b) perpendicular to the field

(c) from stronger to weaker parts

(d) in none of the above directions

For Question 13 to 16, two statements are given – one labelled as Assertion (A)

and other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions

from the options as given below:

4|Page
 A. Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct

explanation of Assertion.

B. Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is Not the correct

explanation of Assertion.

C. Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D. Both Assertion and Reason are false.

13 Assertion: Thin films such a soap bubble or a thin layer of oil on water show 1

beautiful colours when illuminated by white light.

Reason: It happens due to the interference of light reflected from the upper

surface of the thin film

14 Assertion: The diffusion current in a p-n junction is from the p-side to the n- 1

side.

Reason: The diffusion current in a p-n junction is greater than the drift current

when the junction is in forward biased.

15 Assertion: The resistance offered by an inductor in a d.c. circuit is always 1

constant.

Reason: The resistance of inductor in steady state is non-zero.

16 Assertion (A): No two electric lines of force can intersect each other. Reason (R): 1

Tangent at any point of electric line of force gives the direction of electric field.

Section B

17 An electron and alpha particle have the same de-Broglie wavelength associated 2

with them. How are their kinetic energies related to each other?

18 Write down the equation of induced current at any instant in L-C-R circuit when 2

5|Page
 circuit is inductive.

19 (i) Write two characteristic features of nuclear force. 2

(ii) Draw a plot of the potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of

their separation.

20 Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 1: 2. What is the ratio of 2

their nuclear densities?

21 Draw the voltage-current characteristic curve of a diode and mark its 2

important parameter.

OR

Draw V- I characteristics of a p-n junction diode. Answer the following

questions, giving reasons:

(i) Why is the current under reverse bias almost independent of the

applied potential up to a critical voltage?

(ii) Why does the reverse current show a sudden increase at the critical

voltage?

Section C

22 Define the terms drift velocity and relaxation time. Establish the relation 3

between drift velocity of electrons and electric field applied to the conductor.

23 A capacitor of capacitance C is charged fully by connecting it to a battery of 3

emf E. It is then disconnected from the battery. If the separation between the

plates of the capacitor is now doubled, how will the following change?

(i) charge stored by the capacitor.

(ii) field strength between the plates.

6|Page
 (iii) energy stored by the capacitor

24 Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which is: 3

(a) Suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation.

(b) Used to treat muscular strain.

(c) Used as a diagnostic tool in medicine.

Write in brief, how these waves can be produced.

25 Applying Biot-Savart’s law deduce the expression for the magnetic field at the 3

axial point of a circular current carrying coil. Hence write the expression for

magnetice field at centre of a semicircular loop of radius R carrying current I.

26 3

A ray PQ incident on the refracting face BA is refracted in the prism ABC as

shown in the figure and emerges from the other refracting face AC as RS such

that AQ = AR. If angle of prism A = 60o and refractive index of material of

prism is √3 calculate angle θ

27 The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13. 6 eV. If an electron makes a 3

transition from an energy level -0 8. e 5 V to -3 4. eV, calculate the wavelength of

the spectral line emitted. To which series of hydrogen spectrum does this

wavelength belong?

7|Page
 28 Explain briefly the reasons why wave theory of light is not able to explain the 3

observed features of photo-electric effect.

OR

The following graph shows the variation of stopping potential Vs with the

frequency (𝜈) of the incident radiation for two photosensitive metals X and Y .

(i) Which of the metals has larger threshold wavelength? Give reason.

(ii) Explain giving reason which metal gives out electrons having larger

kinetic energy, for the same wavelength of the incident radiation.

(iii) If the distance between the light source and metal X is halved, what will

be the kinetic energy of electrons emitted due to this change? Give reason.

Section D

29 Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows. 4

An optical fibre is a thin tube of transparent material that allows light to pass

through, without being refracted into the air or another external medium. It

make use of total internal reflection. These fibres are fabricated in such a way

that light reflected at one side of the inner surface strikes the other at an angle

8|Page
 larger than critical angle. Even, if fibre is bent, light can easily travel along the

length.

(i) Which of the following is based on the phenomenon of total internal

reflection of light?

(a) Sparkling of diamond

(b) Optical fibre communication

(c) Instrument used by doctors for endoscopy

(d) All of these

(ii) A ray of light will undergo total internal reflection inside the optical fibre, if

it

(a) goes from rarer medium to denser medium

(b) is incident at an angle less than the critical angle

(c) strikes the interface normally

(d) is incident at an angle greater than the critical angle

(iii) If in core, angle of incidence is equal to critical angle, then angle of

refraction will be

(a) 0° (b) 45° (c) 90° (d) 180°

(iv) In an optical fibre (shown), correct relation for refractive indices of core

and cladding is

9|Page
 (a) n1 = n2 (b) n1 > n2 (c) n1 < n2 (d) n1 + n2 =2

OR

(v) If the value of critical angle is 30° for total internal reflection from given

optical fibre, then speed of light in that fibre is, in m/s:

(a) 3 X 108 (b) 1.5 X 108 (c) 6 X 108 (d) 4.5 X 108.

30 Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows. 4

The potential barrier in the p-n junction diode is the barrier in which the charge

requires additional force for crossing the region. In other words, the barrier in

which the charge carrier stopped by the obstructive force is known as the

potential barrier. When a p-type semiconductor is brought into a close contact

with n-type

semiconductor, we get a p-n junction with a barrier potential 0.4 V and width of

depletion region is 4 0 10-7 This p-n junction is forward biased with a battery of

voltage 3 V and negligible internal resistance, in series with a resistor of

resistance R, ideal millimeter and key K as shown in figure. When key is pressed,

a current of 20 mA passes through the diode.

10 | P a g e
 (i) The intensity of the electric field n the depletion region when p-n

junction is unbiased is

(a) 0.5 X 104 Vm-1 (b) 1.0 X 104 Vm-1

(c) 2.0 X 104 Vm-1 (d) 1.5 X 104 Vm-1

(ii) The resistance of Resistor R is ______

(a) 150Ώ (b) 300 Ώ (c) 130 Ώ (d) 180 Ώ

(iii) In a p-n junction the potential barrier is due to the charges on either side

of the junction, these charges are

(a) Majority carriers (b) minority carriers

(b) Both (a) and (b) (d) fixed donor and acceptor ions.

(iv) If the voltage of the potential barrier is Vo. A voltage V is applied to the

input,m at what moment will the barrier disappear?

(a) V < Vo (b) V = Vo (c) V > Vo (d) V <<< Vo.

OR

If an electron with speed 4.0 X 106 ms-1 approaches the p-n junction from the

n-side, the speed(m/s) with which it will enter the p-side is

(a) 1.39 X 105 (b) 2.78 X 105 (c) 1.39 X 106 (d) 2.78 X 106.

Section E

31 A thin metallic spherical shell of radium R carries a charge Q on its surface. A 5

point charge Q/2 is placed at the centres C and other charge

+2Q is placed outside the shell at A at a distance X from the centre as shown in

the figure

11 | P a g e
 (i) Find the electric flux through the shell.

(ii) State the law used.

(iii)Find the force on the charges at the centre C of the shell and at the point A.

OR

(a) Define electric flux.

(b) State and prove Gauss theorem.

(c) A square of side 1m has four charges of +2 X 10-9 C, 1 X 10-9 C, -2 X 10-9

and -3 X 10-9 C respectively at its corners. What is the resultant potential

at the centre of the square?

32 (a) Draw a labeled ray diagram of compound microscope and derive an 5

expression for its magnifying power.

(b) The focal length of the objective and eye lens of a compound microscope

are 2 cm, 6.25 cm respectively. The distance between the lenses is 15 cm.

How far from the objective lens, will the object be kept, so as to obtain

the final image at the least distance of distinct vision of the eye ? Also

calculate its magnifying power.

OR

(a) State the essential conditions for diffraction of light.

12 | P a g e
 (b) Explain diffraction of light due to a narrow single slit and the formation

of pattern of fringes on the screen.

(c) Write the relation for width of central maximum in terms of wavelength λ

width of slit a , and separation between slit and screen D.

(d) If the width of the slit is made double the original width, how does it

affect the size and intensity of the central band?

33 5
(a) An alternating voltage V= Vo sin wt applied to a series LCR circuit drives a

current given by I =Io sin (wt+θ) Deduce an expression for the average

power dissipated over a cycle.

(b) For circuits used for transporting electric power, a large power factor

implies large power losses in transmission. Explain.

Or

(a) An AC source of voltage V= Vo sin wt is connected to a series combination

of L,C and R. Use the phasor diagram to obtain expression for impedance

of the circuit and phase angle between voltage and current. Find the

condition when current will be in phase with the voltage. What is the

circuit in this condition called?

(b) In a series LR circuit XL =R and power factor of the circuit is P1, When

capacitor with Capacitance C such that XL=XC is put in series, the power

factor becomes P2. Calculate ratio of P1 and P2.

13 | P a g e
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN :: HYDERABAD REGION

MODEL QUESTION PAPER-4

MARKING SCHEME

CLASS XII

PHYSICS
TIME: 03 HOURS MAX. MARKS : 70

MARKING SCHEME-2

Q KEY POINTS MARKS

NO
1 Option: C 1

2 Option: B 1

3 Option: C 1

4 Option: D 1

5 Option: B 1

6 Option: A 1

7 Option: A 1

8 Option: A 1

9 Option :C 1

10 Option : C 1

11 Option: D 1

12 Option: C 1

13 Option: C 1

14 Option: B 1

15 Option: D 1

16 Option: A 1

1|Page
17 2

18 Equation of induced current at any instant in L-C-R circuit when 1

(XL> XC) is
where E is the net e.m.f. of the circuit, R is the resistance, L is inductance and e
is capacitance and ω = 2ωf, in which ω is angular frequency and f is
the natural frequency.
19 1. Nuclear forces are strongest forces in nature. 2
2. Nuclear forces are charge independent.

2|Page
20 2

21 Voltage-current characteristic curve: of a diode is an shown in this graph with 2

parameters.

Breakdown voltage: Voltage at which a semiconductor device changes

behavior or gets damaged.
Breakdown point: Point in the characteristic curve of a semiconductor device
where the applied voltage is beyond the limit that the device can stand without
a sudden change in behavior or without getting damaged.
When a diode is forward biased, the current across it has an abrupt increase
as the voltage increases. This represents a small resistance to the current flow.
On the contrary, for reverse bias, the diode exhibits a large resistance and the
current is, thus, very small (negligible). When reverse biased, the diode can
withstand the voltage across it up to a certain limit before breaking down.

OR

3|Page
 (i) The reverse current is almost independent of critical voltage because the
current in a reverse-biased diode is due to the drifting of the minority charge
carriers from one region to another through the junction. Hence a small
amount of voltage is enough to carry on the sweeping of the minority charge
carriers.
(ii) At critical voltage or breakdown voltage, there is an enormous breakdown
of covalent bonds, resulting in a rapid increase in the number of charge
carriers hence it shows a sudden hike in the current.
22 Drift velocity :-When an electric field is applied across the conductor, the 3
charge carriers move with a certain velocity along the direction of positive
potential. That is called Drift velocity.

Relaxation time is the average time between two successive collisions of an

electron with lattice ions/ atoms.

Correct relation.
23 (a) Charge remains same, as after disconnecting capacitor no transfer of 3
charge take place.

4|Page
24 3
(a) Microwaves: - These are produced by special tubes (klystron,
magnetron and Gunn diodes)
(b) Infrared: -These are produced by hot bodies.
(c) X rays – stopping high energy electron on a high atomic number
element.
25 Magnetic induction along the axis of a circular coil carrying current: 3

Let us consider a circular coil of radius ‘a’ with a current ‘I’ as shown in Fig.

P is a point along the axis of the coil at a distance ‘x’ from the centre O of the coil.

AB is an infinitesimally small element of length ‘dl’ C is the mid point of AB and CP

= r.

According to Biot – Savart law, the magnetic induction at P due to the Element dl
µ 𝑖 𝑑𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
is 𝑑𝐵 = 4𝜋 Where θ is angle between I dl and CP. Here θ =90o
𝑟2

µ 𝑖 𝑑𝑙
𝑑𝐵 =
4𝜋 𝑟 2
The direction of dB is perpendicular to the current element Idl and CP. It is
therefore along PR perpendicular to CP.

5|Page
 Considering the diametrically opposite element A′B′, the magnitude of dB at P
due to this element is the same as that for AB but its direction is along PM.

Let the angle between the axis of the coil and the line joining the element (dl) and
the point (P) be α.

dB is resolved into two components :-

dB sin α along OP and

dB cos α perpendicular to OP. dB cos α components due to two opposite

elements cancel each other whereas dB sin α components get added up.

So, the total magnetic induction at P due to the entire coil is

µ𝑜 𝑖 𝑑𝑙
𝐵 = ∫ 𝑑𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼
4𝜋 𝑟 2
µ𝑜 𝑖 𝑑𝑙 𝑎 µ𝑜 𝑖 𝑎 µ𝑜 𝑖 𝑎
𝐵=∫ 2
= 3
∫ 𝑑𝑙 = 2𝜋𝑎
4𝜋 𝑟 𝑟 4𝜋 𝑟 4𝜋 𝑟 3

µ𝑜 𝑖 𝑎2
𝐵= 3⁄
2(𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 ) 2

If the coil contains n turns, the magnetic induction is

µ𝑜 𝑛 𝑖 𝑎2
𝐵= 3⁄
2(𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 ) 2

µ𝑜 𝑛 𝑖
At the centre of the coil x = 0, 𝐵 = 2𝑎

B=µ0I/4R

6|Page
26 3

7|Page
27 1

nA= 4 ,nB=2
1
Balmer series

Wavelength = 4862 angstrom

28 Failure of wave theory to explain Photo Electric Effect: 3

• The immediate ejection of photoelectrons
• The presence of a threshold frequency for a metal surface
• The fact that the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is independent of
the intensity of light and depends upon its frequency
• Electrons are released immediately and without delay when light strikes a
material, while wave theory predicts a tiny instant of time before electron
emissions occur
• The energy of a wave grows as its intensity increases, which is not
observed in the photoelectric effect

(any 3 points) OR

29 (i)(d) 1
1
(ii)(d) 1
1
(iii)(c)

(iv) (b) OR (iv)(b)

30 (i)(b) 1
1
1
8|Page
 (ii)(c) 1

(iii)(d)

(iv)(b) OR (iv)(a)

31 1

2+3
OR

Correct definition and derivation.

9|Page
32 (a) Diagram + 1

Expression 2

(b) (i) find u for eye piece = - 5 cm (using lens equation for eye piece) ½

Find v for objective = 15 – 5 = 10 cm ½

Find u for objective = - 2.5 cm ½

(using lens equation for objective and object lies in front of objective lens)
1/2
(ii) calculation and correct answer for magnifying power = 20

OR
10 | P a g e
11 | P a g e
33 2

OR

12 | P a g e
13 | P a g e
14 | P a g e
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN::HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -5: 2024-25
CLASS XII
PHYSICS
Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours
General Instructions:
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B contains five
questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study-
based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one question in Section
C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in
such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION -A

1. Drift velocity vd varies with the intensity of electric field as per the relation

1
 2. A test charge of 1.6 × 10–19 C is moving with a velocity m s–1 in a magnetic field T.
The force on this test charge is:
1

3. In a coil of resistance 10 π, the induced current developed by changing magnitude of change in flux through the coil is weber
is

(a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 4

4.In a coil of self-inductance 5 H, the rate of change of current is 2 As–1. Then emf induced in the coil is
1
(a) 10 V (b) – 10 V (c) 5 V (d) – 5 V

5. If represent electric and magnetic field vector of the electromagnetic waves then the direction of propagation of 1
the em wave is that of

2
 6. Radio waves are produced by
(a) accelerated motion of electrons in oscillating circuits.
(b) sudden deceleration of fast moving electrons by metal target 1
(c) heating of certain substances at particular temperature.
(d) de excitation of electron from higher energy orbital to lower one.

7. When a ray of light enters from one medium to another, then which of the following does not change?
1
(a) Frequency (b) Wavelength (c) Speed (d) Amplitude

8. In Young’s double slit experiment, if the monochromatic source of yellow light is replaced by red light, the fringe width
1
(a) increases (b) decreases. (c) remains unchanged. (d) the fringes disappear

9. For a given kinetic energy which of the following has smallest de Broglie wavelength?
1
(a) Electron (b) Proton (c) Deutron (d) α-particle

10 .Which of the following shows particle nature of light?

1
(a) Photoelectric effect (b) Refraction (c) Interference (d) Polarisation

11 .Average binding energy is maximum for

1
(a) C12 (b) Fe56 (c) U235 (d) Po210

3
12 .The cause of the barrier layer in a p-n junction is
1
(a) doping (b) recombination (c) barrier (d) ions

For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the
correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false and R is also false.

13 .Assertion: The total number of electric lines of force passing through a given area in a normal direction is called electric flux.
1
Reason: Electric flux is a vector quantity.

14 .Assertion (A): A charge moving in magnetic field experiences a force.

Reason (R): Magnetic field is always associated with moving charge which charge which interacts with the external magnetic 1
field.

15. Assertion: Electromagnetic waves do not require any medium to travel.

1
Reason: Electromagnetic waves cannot travel through any medium.

4
 16.Assertion: In a half-wave rectifier if diode is short circuited the output from the rectifier will be identical to the wave of the
input primary voltage. 1
Reason: Since the diode is shorted, it acts as a piece of wire.

SECTION-B

17. In a medium the force of attraction between two point electric charges, distance d apart is F. What distance apart should
2
these be kept in the same medium so that the force between them becomes (i) 3F (ii) F/3

OR

An electron and a proton are released in the uniform electric field. Will they experience same force and have same
2
acceleration?

18. A charge q moving along the x-axis with a velocity is subjected to a uniform magnetic field B acting along the z-axis as it
crosses the origin O.

5
 (i) Trace its trajectory.
(ii) Does the change gain kinetic energy as it enters the magnetic field? Justify your answer.
19. Is the phenomenon of interference of light in accordance with the law of conservation of energy? Justify. 2

20. The frequency of incident light on a metal surface is doubled. How will this affect the value of K.E. of emitted photoelectrons? 2

21.
Distinguish between ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ semiconductors. 2

SECTION-C

22. Calculate the electrostatic potential energy of a system of three point charges q1, q2 and q3 located respectively at
3
with respect to a common origin O.

OR

A conducting slab of thickness t is introduced without touching between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, separated by
3
a distance d (t < d). Derive an expression for the capacitance of the capacitor.

6
 23. (i) A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown below when two specimens X and Y are placed in it. Identify whether
specimens X and Y are diamagnetic, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic.

(ii) How is the magnetic permeability of specimen X different from that of specimen Y?

24. A conducting rod, PQ, of length l, connected to a resistor R, is moved at a uniform speed, v, normal to a uniform magnetic
field, B, as shown in the figure.

(i) Deduce the expression for the emf induced in the conductor.
(ii) Find the force required to move the rod in the magnetic field.
(iii) Mark the direction of induced current in the conductor.

7
25. A convex lens of material of refractive index n1 is kept in a medium of refractive index n2. The parallel rays of light are incident
on the lens. Complete the path of rays of light refracted from the lens when (i) n2 = n1, (ii) n2 > n1 and (iii) n2 < n1.

26. What is a wavefront ? How does it propagate ? Using Huygens’ principle, explain reflection of a plane wavefront from a
3
surface and verify the laws of reflection.

27. (i) What characteristic property of nuclear force explains the constancy of binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) in the range of
mass number A lying 30 < A < 170? 3
(ii) Show that the density of nucleus over a wide range of nuclei is constant independent of mass number A.

28. Draw V–I characteristics of a p–n junction diode. Answer the following questions, giving reasons:
(i) Why is the current under the reverse bias almost independent of the applied potential up to a critical voltage?
3
(ii) Why does the reverse current show a sudden increase at the critical voltage?
Name any semiconductor device which operates under the reverse bias in the breakdown region.

SECTION-D

29. Kirchhoff’s Laws

In 1942, a German Physicist Kirchhoff extended Ohm’s law to the complicated circuits and gave two laws, which enable us to 4
determine current in any part of such a circuit.

8
Kirchhoff’s first law is also known as current law and it is based on conservation of charge whereas, his 2nd law is also known
as Kirchhoff’s voltage law and it is based on conservation of energy.

(i) Kirchhoff’s current law is based on the fact that

(a) there is a possibility for a node to store energy.

(b) there cannot be an accumulation of charge at a junction.

(c) charge accumulation is possible at junction.

(d) charge accumulation may or may not be possible.

(ii) Which of the following law is used with Kirchhoff’s current law?

(a) Ohm’s law (b) Faraday’s law (c)Coulomb’s law (d)Both (b) and (c)

(iii) Which of the formula defines KCL where i1, i2 are incoming currents and i3, i4 are outgoing currents from a node in a
circuit?

(a) i1 + i2 = i3 + i4 (b) i1 + i3 = i2 + i4

(c) i1 – i2 = i3 – i4 (d) i4 – i1 = i1 + i3

(iv) Algebraic sum of voltages around any closed path in a network is equal to

(a) infinity (b) 1 (c) zero (d) negative polarity

Or

(iv) The equation ∑E = ∑IR, is applicable to which law?

9
 (a) Kirchhoff’s first law (b) Kirchhoff’s junction rule

(c) Kirchhoff’s second law (d) Newton’s second law

30. The energy levels of a hypothetical one atoms are shown in figure below:
n = ∞ ___________________________ 0 eV
n = 5 ___________________________ –0.80 eV
n = 4 ___________________________ –1.45 eV
n = 3 ___________________________ –3.08 eV
n = 2 ___________________________ –5.30 eV
n = 1 ___________________________ –15.6 eV
(i) What is the ionization potential of the atom?
(a) –15.6 V (b) 15.6 V (c) 3.08 V (d) –3.08 V

(ii) What is the short wavelength limit of the series terminating at n = 2? 4

(a) l = 1339 Å (b) l = 4335 Å (c) l = 2339 Å (d) l = 1578 Å
(iii) What is excitation potential for the state n = 3?
(a) 3.08 V (b) 15.6 V (c) 12.08 V (d) 12.52 V
(iv) What is the wave number of the photons emitted for the transition n = 3 to n = 1
(a) 0.009 × 107 m–1 (b) 1.000 × 107 m–1 (c) 1.009 × 10–7 m–1 (d) 1.009 × 107 m–1
Or
(iv) The initial kinetic energy of an electron is 11 eV and it interacts with the hypothetical one electron atom. What is the
minimum energy carried by the electron after interaction?
(a) 0.7 eV (b) 1.7 eV (c) 2.0 eV (d) 2.1 Ev
SECTION-E

10
31. A potential difference is set up between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor by a battery and then the battery is removed.
If the distance between the plates is decreased, then how the (a) charge (b) potential difference, (c) electric field (d) energy 5
and (e) energy density will change?

OR

Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point due to an electric dipole. Also mention the contrasting features of
5
electric potential of a dipole at a point as compared to that due to a single charge.

32. (a) With the help of a labelled diagram, describe briefly the underlying principle and working of a step-up transformer.
(b) Write any two sources of energy loss in a transformer.
5
(c) A step-up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does it violate law of conservation of
energy? Explain.

OR

(a) Write the function of a transformer. State its principle of working with the help of a diagram. Mention various energy
losses in this device.
(b) The primary coil of an ideal step-up transformer has 100 turns and transformation ratio is also 100. The input voltage and
5
power are respectively 220 V and 1100 W. Calculate
(i) number of turns in secondary, (ii) current in primary, (iii) voltage across secondary, (iv) current in secondary. (v) power in
secondary.

11
33.Derive the lens formula, for a concave lens, using necessary ray diagram. Two lens of powers 10 D and –5
5
D are placed in contact. (a) Calculate the power of new lens. (b) Where should an object be held from the lens, so as to obtain
a virtual image of magnification 2?

OR

(a) Draw a ray diagram showing image formation in a compound microscope. Define the term ‘limit of resolution’ and name
the factors on which it depends. How is it related to resolving power of microscope? (b) Suggest two ways by which the
5
resolving power of a microscope can be increased. (c) “A telescope resolves whereas a microscope magnifies.” Justify this
statement.

12
 MARKING SCHEME , CLASS XII, PHYSICS

MODEL QUESTION PAPERPAPER -5: 2024-25

1 1
ANS:

2 ANS: (d) 1

3 1
ANS:

4 1
ANS: (b) Induced e.m.f. = – 5 × 2 = – 10 V

5 ANS: 1

6 ANS: (a) 1

7 ANS: (a) Only frequency of ray of light does not change when it propagates from one medium to another. 1

8 ANS: (a) Increases, as fringe width β ∝ λ(λyellow < λred) 1

9

ANS:

10 ANS: (a) 1

11 ANS: (b) 1

12 ANS: (b) 1

13 ANS: (c) A is true but R is false. 1

14 ANS: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 1

15 ANS: (c) A is true but R is false 1

16 ANS: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

ANS: For a given pair of point charges in a medium F ∝ 1/d2

1
17 (i) For the force to become 3F, the separation d must become .
1
(ii) For the force to become F/3, the separation d must become .

OR
 ANS: As we know |qp| = |qe| = e = 1.6 × 10–19 C and mp >> me
The magnitude of force experience by each is same as F = eE for both, but their directions will be opposite and they will 1
17
1
not have same acceleration as a = , i.e. ap << ae. Therefore, the electron will accelerate more.

1
18
1

ANS:
 1
19
1

ANS:

1
20
1

ANS:

ANS: Intrinsic semiconductors

1
21 (i) There are no impurity atoms.
(ii) The number density of electrons is equal to the number density of holes, i.e. ne = nh. 1
Extrinsic semiconductors
 (i) They are doped with impurity atoms (trivalent/pentavalent).
(ii) ne ≠ nh.

ANS: Let us consider a system of three charges q1, q2 and q3 located at r1, r2 and r3 respectively. To bring q1 first from
infinity to r1, no work is required. Next we bring q2 from infinity to r2. As before, work done in this step is:

1
The charges q1 and q2 produce a potential, which at any point P is given by
22 1

Work done next in bringing q3 from infinity to the point r3 is q3 times V1,2 at r3.

The total work done in assembling the charges at the given locations is obtained by adding the work done in different

steps (i) and (iii).

OR
 ANS: Let σ be the surface charge density on capacitor plates of area A. Electric field between the plates in the air space

22 1
is
1
As in case of conducting slab EP = E0. Net electric field inside the conducting slab is zero. Now potential difference

between the plates of capacitor is

ANS: (i) X→ Expulsion of field. So, it is diamagnetic. 1

23 Y→ Field is pulled in. So, it is ferromagnetic.
(ii) The magnetic permeability of X is less than 1 and that of Y is very much greater than 1. 2

ANS: (i) Expression for the emf induced in the conductor

1
When the conductor PQ moves through the magnetic field, free charge carriers of the conductor experience a Lorentz
24 force. 1
Consider a free charge q, in the conductor moving with speed v in the magnetic field. Lorentz force will act on the charge
1
towards end Q of the conductor
 .

(iii) The direction of induced current is determined by Faraday’s right hand rule. It is from P to Q.

25 1

1
ANS:
26

ANS:

1
ANS: (i) Short-range nature of nuclear forces.
27 1
(ii) Refer to Ans. 13.21 (NCERT Exercises).
1
28

ANS:

(i) The reverse current is not limited by the magnitude of applied voltage, but it is limited due to the concentration of
minority carriers on either side of the junction.
(ii) At the critical voltage, the electric field across the junction is high enough to pull valence electrons from the host
atoms. As a result, a large number of electrons are available for the conduction which shows a sudden increase of the
reverse current at breakdown voltage.

1
29 ANS: (i) (b) (ii) (a) (iii) (a) (iv) (c) Or (iv) (c)
1

1
 1

ANS: (i) (b) Given that E1 = –15.6 eV, E∞ = 0 ∴ Ionization Energy of the atom: E∞ – E1 = 0 – (–15.6) = 15.6 eV ∴ Ionization
Potential = 15.6 V

(ii) (c) For short wavelength limit of the series terminating at n = 2, transition should occur from n = ∞ to n = 2 For this

transition ΔE = E∞ – E2 = 0 – (–5.30) = 5.30 eV 1

(iii) (d) The excitation energy for the n = 3 state is ΔE = E3 – E1 = –3.08 – (–15.6) = 12.52 eV ∴ Excitation potential = 12.52 V 1

30 1

1
(iv) (d) E1 = –15.6 eV, E3 = –3.08 eV ∴ DE = E3 – E1 = 12.52 eV

Or

(iv) (a) ∵ E2 – E1 = –5.3 – (–15.6) = 10.3 eV Energy of electron after interaction is 11 eV – 10.3 eV = 0.7 eV

[∴ Initial kinetic energy of electron is given to be 11 eV]

 ANS: As the battery is removed, therefore, the charge will remain conserved. But the capacitance, i.e. will
increase as d decreases.

(a) The charge remains constant.

1
.
2
31
1

OR

1
ANS:
2
31
1
Electric potential at a point due to a dipole
1
Let AB is an electric dipole of length 2l. At a distance ‘r’ from the centre of dipole point ‘P’ is there at which potential is to
be determined due to the dipole AB. Let ∠POB = θ Also let r > > l Let BN is perpendicular from B to PO and AM is
perpendicular from ‘A’ to PO. Since l is very small compared to r, AP ≈ MP = MO + OP = l cos q + r = r + l cos θ Similarly, BP
≈ NP = OP – ON = r – l cos q Now, net potential at ‘P’ due to dipole, V = VA + VB
 Special Cases: (i) When P lies on the axis of dipole, i.e. q = 0° then

(ii) When P lies on the equatorial plane of the dipole, i.e. θ = 90° then V = 0 [∵ cos 90° = 0] The electric potential on the
equatorial line of dipole is zero.

32 ANS: 2

A step-up transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction. An alternating potential (Vp) when applied to 1

the primary coil, induces an emf in it. As same flux is linked with the secondary
 coil with the help of soft iron core due to the mutual induction, an emf is induced in it also.

In case of dc voltage, flux does not change. Thus, noemf is induced in the circuit. (b) Two sources of energy loss are:
(i) flux leakage, and
(ii) resistance of the windings.
(c) For a given power supply, a high output voltage means a low output current. As there is no gain in power, the law of
conservation of energy is not violated.

OR

ANS: (a) Function: It is a device which transforms electrical power at low voltage (and high current) to electrical power
at high voltage (and low current) and vice versa. It works on the principle of mutual induction. Working: Refer to Ans. 40. 1
In case of dc voltage, flux does not change. Thus, no emf is induced in the circuit. The various energy losses in the
transformer are: 2
32
(i) Joule’s heating of the primary and secondary windings 1
(ii) Heating of the core due to eddy currents.
(iii) Hysteresis loss and 1
 (iv) Flux leakage or incomplete flux linkage.

33 2

ANS:

OR

33 ANS: 2

1
 (a)

Limit of resolution: The minimum linear or angular separation between two point objects at which they can be just
separately seen or resolved by an optical instrument is called limit of resolution.

The limit of resolution depends on: (i) wavelength of light used, and (ii) medium between object and objective lens. The
resolving power of microscope is the reciprocal of its limit of resolution.

(b) The resolving power of a microscope can be increased by (i) decreasing wavelength, and (ii) increasing refractive index
of the medium between object and objective of the microscope.

(c) A telescope produces an (angularly) magnified image of the far object and thereby enables us to resolve them. A
microscope magnifies small objects which are near to our eyes.
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN::HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -6: 2024-25
CLASS XII
PHYSICS
Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours
General Instructions:
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B contains five
questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study-
based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one question in Section
C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in
such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION -A

1 Three resistors each of 2 ohm are connected together in a triangular shape. The resistance between any two vertices will be

(a) 4/3 ohm (b) 3/4 ohm (c) 3 ohm (d) 6 ohm

1
2 An electron is projected with uniform velocity along the axis of a current carrying long solenoid. Which of the following is true?
(a) The electron will be accelerated along the axis.
(b) The electron path will be circular about the axis. 1
(c) The electron will experience a force at 45° to the axis and hence execute a helical path.
(d) The electron will continue to move with uniform velocity along the axis of the solenoid.

3 A charged particle after being accelerated through a potential difference ‘V’ enters in a uniform magnetic field and moves in a
circle of radius r. If V is doubled, the radius of the circle will become
1

4 As the frequency of an ac circuit increases, the current first increases and then decreases. What combination of circuit
elements is most likely to comprise the circuit?
(a) Inductor and capacitor.
1
(b) Resistor and inductor.
(c) Resistor and capacitor.
(d) Inductor only.

5 In an alternating current circuit consisting of elements in series, the current increases on increasing the frequency of supply.
Which of the following elements are likely to constitute the circuit?
(a) Only resistor.
1
(b) Resistor and an inductor.
(c) Resistor and a capacitor.
(d) Only an inductor.

2
6 Electromagnetic waves with wavelength λ are used by a FM radio station for broadcasting. Here λ belongs to
(a) radio waves (b) VHF radio waves 1
(c) UHF radio waves (d) microwaves

7 The ratio of contributions made by the electric field and magnetic field components to the intensity of an EM wave is
1

8 Air bubble in water behaves as

1
(a) sometimes concave, sometimes convex lens (b) concave lens (c) convex lens (d) always reflecting surface

9 The wavefront due to a source situated at infinity is

1
(a) spherical (b) cylindrical (c) planar (d) circular

10 The Balmer series for the H-atom can be observed

(a) if we measure the frequencies of light emitted when an excited atom falls to the ground state.
(b) if we measure the frequencies of light emitted due to transitions between excited states and the first excited state. 1
(c) in any transition in a H-atom.
(d) as a sequence of frequencies with the lower frequencies getting closely packed.

11 The Bohr model for the spectra of a H-atom

(a) will be applicable to hydrogen in the molecular from.
(b) will not be applicable as it is for a He-atom. 1
(c) is valid only at room temperature.
(d) predicts continuous as well as discrete spectral lines.

12 Electrical conductivity of a semiconductor

(a) decreases with the rise in its temperature. 1
(b) increases with the rise in its temperature.

3
 (c) does not change with the rise in its temperature.
(d) first increases and then decreases with the rise in its temperature.

For the following question, two statements are given–one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the
correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false and R is also false.

13 Assertion: The total number of electric lines of force passing through a given area in a normal direction is called electric flux.
1
Reason: Electric flux is a vector quantity.

14 Assertion: There is no current in the metals in the absence of electric field.

1
Reason: Motion of free electrons in a conductor is random.

15 Assertion: Microwaves are considered suitable for radar systems.

1
Reason: Microwaves are of shorter wavelength.

16 Assertion: Full-wave rectifier preferred to half-wave rectifier.

1
Reason: The output of a full-wave rectifier is twice as great as the half-wave rectifier.

4
 SECTION-B

17 Explain the term ‘drift velocity’ of electrons in a conductor. Hence obtain the expression for the current through a conductor
2
in terms of ‘drift velocity’.

OR

Define mobility of electron in a conductor. How does electron mobility change when (i) temperature of conductor is decreased
2
and (ii) applied potential difference is doubled at constant temperature?

18 Both, the electric and magnetic fields can deflect a moving electron. What is the difference between these deflections? 2

19 At what angle of incidence should a light beam strike a glass slab of refractive index such that the reflected and the
2
refracted rays are perpendicular to each other?

20 State Bohr’s quantization condition of angular momentum. Calculate the shortest wavelength of the Bracket series and state
2
to which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does it belong.

21 Draw energy band diagrams of an n-type and a p-type semiconductor at temperature T > 0 K. Mark the donor and acceptor
2
energy levels with their energies.

SECTION-C

22 A conducting slab of thickness t is introduced without touching between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, separated by a
3
distance d (t < d). Derive an expression for the capacitance of the capacitor.

OR

5
 Five identical horizontal square metal plates each of area A are placed at a distance d apart in air and connected to the
terminals A and B as shown in the figures (a) and (b). Find the effective capacitance between the two terminals A and B.

23
Write three points of differences between para-, diaand ferro- magnetic materials, giving one example for each. 3

24 An inductor L of inductance XL is connected in series with a bulb B and an ac source. How would brightness of the bulb change
3
when (i) number of turn in the inductor is reduced, (ii) an iron rod is inserted in the inductor and (iii) a capacitor of reactance
XC = XL is inserted in series in the circuit. Justify your answer in each case.
25 Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation by a compound microscope. Hence obtain expression for total magnification
3
when the image is formed at infinity.

26 The intensity at the central maxima (O) in a Young’s double slit experiment is I0. If the distance OP equals one-third of the

fringe width of the pattern, show that the intensity at point P would be .

6
27 (a) Draw the plot of binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) as a function of mass number A. Write two important conclusions that
can be drawn regarding the nature of nuclear force. (b) Use this graph to explain the release of energy in both the processes of 3
nuclear fusion and fission.

28 (a) Explain with the help of a diagram, how depletion region and potential barrier are formed in a junction diode.
(b) If a small voltage is applied to a p–n junction diode how will the barrier potential be affected when it is (i) forward biased, 3
and (ii) reverse biased?

SECTION-D

29 In electrostatics, electric flux is the measure of the electric field through a given surface, although an electric field in itself cannot
flow. It is a way of describing the electric field strength at any distance from the charge causing the field. Now, consider a cube
of each edge 0.30 m is placed with its one corner at the origin. The cube is placed in a non-uniform electric field.

(i) The surfaces that have zero electric flux are

(a) S1 and S2
(b) S1 and S6
(c) S2 and S4
(d) S1 and S3

7
(ii) Electric flux passing through surface S1 is

(a) –0.27 Nm2C–1

(b) 0.27 Nm2C–1

(c) –0.18 Nm2C–1

(d) –0.18 Nm2C–1

(iii) Electric flux passing through surface S4 is

(a) –0.18 Nm2C–1

(b) +0.18 Nm2C–1

(c) +0.27 Nm2C–1

(d) zero

(iv) Total net flux passing through the cube if N/C

(a) zero

(b) –0.18 Nm2C–1

(c) 0.18 Nm2C–1

(d) 0.27 Nm2C–1

Or

8
 (iv) Total charge enclosed inside the cube is

(a) 0

(b) –1.62 pC

(c) +1.62 pC

(d) 2.4 pC
30 In the investigation of “Photoelectric effect”, light is incident on electrode A. This electrode A, along with electrode B is placed
inside a vacuum tube diode. These electrodes are made from same metal and are connected to a micro ammeter and a
variable voltage supply. Light enters vacuum tube through a window. With the help of filters, wavelength of light entering the

window can be changed.

4

(i) Emission of electron from the surface of metal when radiation of appropriate frequency is allowed to incident on it is called

(a) thermonic radiations. (b) compton effect. (c) photoelectric effect. (d) none of these.

(ii) Choose the correct option among the following regarding work function of material in a photoelectric effect.

(a) It is different for different materials. (

(b) It is same for all metals.

9
 (c) It does not depend on frequency of the incident light

(d) It depends on intensity of the incident light.

(iii) For a photosensitive surface, the work function is 3.3 × 10–19 J. Find the threshold frequency. (h = 6.6 × 1034 Js)

(a) 5 × 1014 Hz (b) 0.5 × 1014Hz (c) 25 × 1014 Hz (d) 2.5 × 1014 Hz

(iv) Maximum kinetic energy of electrons emitted in photoelectric effect increases when

(a) intensity of light is increased. (b) light source is brought nearer the metal.

(c) frequency of light is decreased (d) wavelength of light is decreased.

Or

(iv) The minimum energy required to remove an electron is called

(a) stopping potential. (b) kinetic energy. (c) work function. (d) none of these.

SECTION-E
31 On charging a parallel plate capacitor to a potential V, the spacing between the plates is halved, and a dielectric medium of ε r
= 10 is introduced between the plates, without disconnecting the d.c. source. Explain, using suitable expressions, how the (i) 5
capacitance, (ii) electric field and (iii) energy density of the capacitor change.

OR

Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point due to an electric dipole. Also mention the contrasting features of
5
electric potential of a dipole at a point as compared to that due to a single charge.

32 (a) Define the term ‘mutual inductance’.

Deduce the expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial solenoids of different radii and different number of

10
 turns.
(b) A coil is mechanically rotated with constant angular speed ω in a uniform magnetic field which is perpendicular to the axis
of rotation of the coil. The plane of the coil is initially held perpendicular to the field. Plot a graph showing variation of (i)
magnetic flux f and (ii) the induced emf in the coil as a function of ωt.

OR 5

Calculate self-inductance for a long solenoid of length l, number of turns N and radius r.

33 A thin convex lens having two surfaces of radii of curvature R1 and R2 is made of a material of refractive index μ2. It is kept in a
medium of refractive index μ2. Derive, with the help of a ray diagram, the lens maker’s formula when a point object placed on 5
the principal axis in front of the radius of curvature R1 produces an image I on the other side of the lens.

OR

Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope for the near point adjustment. You are given three lenses of powers
0.5 D, 4 D, 10 D. State, with reason, which two lenses will you select for constructing a good astronomical telescope. Derive 5
the expression for magnifying power when the final image is at infinite

11
 MARKING SCHEME

MODEL QUESTION PAPER -6: 2024-25

CLASSXII, PHYSICS

1 (a) 1

2 (d) 1

3 (c) 1

4 (a) 1

5 (c) 1

6 (b) 1

7 (a) 1

8 (b) 1

9 (c) 1

10 (b)

11 (d) 1
12 (b) 1

13 (c) 1

14 (a) 1

15 (a) 1

16 (a) 1

Drift velocity explanation 1

17
Expression 1

OR

Def. mobility 1

Case (i) ½

Case(ii) ½

ANS:

In electric field; the speed of an electron may increase or decrease and, if it enters the electric field
18 perpendicularly, then it will move along a parabolic path. Whereas, in magnetic field, an electron will 2
move along a circular path, without any change in its speed.
19 Derivation 2

Bohr’s quantization condition of angular momentum 1

20
Calculation 1

energy band diagrams of an n-type and a p-type semiconductor

21 2

Diagram 1

22 Potential 1

Capacitance 1
OR
 1
½

22

1½

differences between para-, diaand ferro- magnetic materials 2

23
Examples 1

Case(i) 1

24 Case(ii) 1

Case(iii) 1
 1

25 1

26 3
 1

27 1

1
 2

28

i) c 1

ii)a 1

29 iii)d 1

iv)a 1

iv)a 1

30 i) c 1
ii)a 1

iii)a 1

iv)d 1

iv)c 1
 2

31
1

31 (OR) Proper Derivation with diagram 5

32 Definition 2
Derivation of case (b)
 3

(OR)

Proper Derivation

32 5

33 Proper Derivation 5

33 (OR) Derivation + Diagram 2+3

 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN:: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER-7 :2024-25
CLASS XII
SUBJECT: PHYSICS (THEORY)
Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours.
General Instructions:
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion- Reasoning based
of 1 markeach, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains
seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study based questions of
four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and
all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such
questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever

necessary.1. C = 3 x 108 m/s ii.

2. Me = 9.1 x10-31 kg

3. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
4. µ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm/A

5. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js
6. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝐶2 /𝑁 𝑚2
7. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 1023 per gram mole

SECTION –A

1. At any point on the perpendicular bisector of the line joining two equal and opposite charges
(A) the electric field is zero

(B) the electric potential is zero

(C) the electric potential and electric field, both are zero.

(D) the electric field is perpendicular to the line joining the charges

1
2. A metal wire of resistance 40 Ω is bent in the form of a square. The resistance
between diagonally opposite corners of it is

(A) 20 Ω (B) 10 Ω (C) 25 Ω (D) 5 Ω

3. A current carrying loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field. The torque acting on it does not
Depend on
(A) area of loop (B) number of turns
(C) shape of loop (D) angle between normal of coil and magnetic field
4. The power factor of LCR ac circuit at resonance is ( )
(A) 0.5 (B) 1 (C) √2 (D) zero
5. Which of the following waves has the maximum wavelength?
(A) X-rays (B)Infrared rays (C)Ultraviolet rays (D)Radio waves
6. Two sources of light are said to be coherent, when they give light waves of same ( )
(A) amplitude and phase (B) wavelength and constant phase difference
(C) intensity and wavelength (D) phase and speed
7. A convex lens of focal length 30com is cut in to two equal parts perpendicular to its
principalaxis. What is the focal length of each part of it in cm?

A) 30 B) 40 C) 50 D) 60
8. The magnitude of photoelectric current depends upon
(A)frequency (B) Intensity (C) Work function (D) Stoppingpotential
9. The density of a nucleus is of the order of
(A) 1015 kg m-3 (B) 1018 kg m-3 (C) 1017 kg m-3 (D) 1016 kg m-3
10. Which of the following statements is not true in the case of a semiconductor?
(A) It is heat sensitive (B) It is a crystalline solid
(C) It has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. (D) Its resistivity is very high
11. The refractive index of a medium is √2. Its critical angle is
(A) 300 (B) 45 (C) 600 (D) 900

2
12. Current provided by a battery is maximum, when
(A) Internal resistance equal to external resistance
(B) Internal resistance is greater than external resistance
(C) Internal resistance is less than external resistance
(D) None of these

For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as given below.
A) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

13. ASSERTION: Nichrome wire is generally used as a heating element in heating

appliances.
REASON: It offers large resistance and has high melting point.

14. ASSERTION: The focal length of a lens doesn’t change if it is placed water.
REASON: Focal length of a lens is independent of the medium in which it is
placed.

15. ASSERTION: A semiconductor at room temperature behaves as insulator.

REASON: Electrical conductivity of a semiconductor can be increased by doping.

16. ASSERTION: Heavy water is used as a moderator in nuclear

reactor.REASON: Heavy water eliminates some neutrons from the
reaction.

SECTION -B
17. State Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction.
(OR)
What is self-induction? Write equation for self-induction of a long solenoid.
18. Draw a labelled diagram of compound microscope.

19.Mention any two differences between matter waves and EM waves.

20.In the following graph related to photoelectric effect,
i) which metal has higher work function?
ii) What is the common factor for the two graphs and what is its significance?
3
21. Define the terms related to the PN junction:
i) depletion layer ii) barrier potential.
SECTION - C
22. A point charge of 17.7μC is at the center of a hallow cube of side 10cm. Find the flux and
flux density on any one surface of the cube.
23.Using Ampere’s circuital law, derive the equation for magnetic field strength at a point
inside a solenoid.
24. i) What is the principle of this device shown below?
ii) Mention any two energy losses in it.
iii) How is it useful in long distance power transmission?

25.In a LR ac circuit, connected to a 200V – 50Hz source, the current is 4A and the phase
angle is π/3.Calculate the values of R and XL.
26.An EM wave has a wave length of 2 X 10-7 m. Identify the wave and mention any two
daily life uses of it.
27.Using Huygens wave theory, prove Snell’s law.
(OR)
What is the principle of working of an optical fibre? With a labelled diagram describe its
construction and working.
4
28.With the help of a neat circuit diagram, describe the working of a full wave rectifier also
draw the input and output wave forms for a full wave rectifier.

SECTION – D
29. In physics, electric power measures the rate of electrical energy transfer by an electric
circuit per unit of time. Denoted by P and measured using the SI unit of power which is watt
or one joule per second. Electric power is commonly supplied by electric batteries and
produced by electric generators.

i.) A 25 W and 100 W are joined in series and connected to the mains. Which bulb will glow
brighter?
(A) 100 W (B) 25 W
(C) Both bulbs will glow brighter (D) None will glow brighter
ii) The heat emitted by a bulb of 100 W in 1 min is
(A) 100 J (B) 1000 J (C) 600 J (D) 6000 J
Iii)The power(P) of a device is related to its resistance (R) as
(A) P α R (B) P α 1/R (C) P α √R (D) P α R2
iv) A heater coil is marked as 800W-200V. What is the maximum current drawn by it?
(A) 5A (B) 4A (C) 3A (D) 0.25 A

30. Bohr Model of the hydrogen atom first proposed the planetary model, but later an
assumption concerning the electrons was made. The assumption was the quantization of the
structure of atoms. Bohr’s proposed that electrons orbited the nucleus in specific orbits or
shells with a fixed radius. Only those shells with a radius provided by the equation below
were allowed, and it was impossible for electrons to exist between these shells.

5
i) The radius of first Bohr’s orbit is
A) 0.53A0 B) 0.35A0 C)1.2A0 D) 0.65A0
ii) The ionization energy of Hydrogen atom is
A) 1.36eV B) 13.6eV C) -1.36eV D) 13.6eV
iii) According to Bohr’s theory, which physical quantity of electron is quantized?
A) Energy B) momentum C) angular momentum D)speed
iv) Lyman series belongs to which part of EM spectrum?
A) gamma rays B) visible rays C) Infrared rays D) UV rays

SECTION -E
31 .i) What is the principle of a capacitor?
ii) Derive the equation for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric slab

iii) What type of energy is stored between the two plates of a charged capacitor?

(OR)
i) Derive the equation for potential at any point due to a short dipole.

Ii)Mention any two properties of equipotential surface.

32) i) Show that like currents attract each other and derive the equation for the force between
them.
ii) Find the magnetic field strength at the center of a circular loop of radius 5cm , with 10
turns carrying a current of 2A.
OR
i)What is the principle of working a moving coil galvanometer?
ii)What is the significance of radial magnetic field in it?
iii) If only 10% of the total current can pass through a galvanometer of resistance 45Ω,
what value of shunt is required?
33) i) Derive prism equation.
ii) What is the deviation produced by a prism of angle 60, with refractive index 1.5.
OR
i)Draw interference and diffraction patterns and mention any two differences between them.
ii)In YDS experiment, light of wave length 6000A0 is used. If the distance between the
two slits is 1.5mm and the distance of the screen is 2m , find the positions of second
bright and 3ed dark images from the center of the screen

6
 CLASS: XII PHYSICS:
MARKING SCHEME- 7

Q.No Answer Q.NO Answer Q.No Answer Q.No Answer

1 B 8 B 15 B 30
2 B 9 C 16 C i A
3 C 10 D 29. Ii B
4 B 11 B i B Iii C
5 D 12 A ii D iv D
6 B 13 A iii B
7 D 14 D iv A

17.Faradays laws statements (2M)

(OR) Self-induction definition (1M)
Equation , L = (μ0 N2A / l), (1M)
18. Ray diagram of compound microscope (2M)
19. Any two differences (1mark each)
20.i) Metal A, as it has higher threshold frequency
ii) slope is common for them, which gives Planks constant.
21.two definitions , (1M each)
22.φE = Q / Ɛ0 = 2 x 106 Nm2 /C (1+1/2)
E = ( φe /6 A ) = = 2 x 108 N/C (1+1/2)
23. Amperes circuital law equation (1), labelled diagram (1/2), derivation (1.5)
24.i) Mutual induction (1M)
ii) any two loses ( ½ mark each )
iii) electrical energy is transmitted as high voltage and low current to avoid loss of energy
during transmission.
25.Cosθ = R/Z , Z= √ ( R2 + Xl2) Ω , erms = irms Z
R = Z/2 = 25Ω , XL = √ 1875 = 43.3Ω
26. UV radiation (1M), Two uses (1M each)
27.Labelled diagram (1M) , derivation (2M)

1
(OR) Principle- TIR (1M) , labelled diagram (1 M) , explanation (1M)
28.Labelled circuit diagram (1M), Graphs (1M) , explanation (1M)
31.i) principle, C = Q /V (1/2M) , ii) Derivation (2M) , iii) electric field energy (1/2M)
(OR) i) diagram (1M) , ii) derivation (2M) , iii) two properties (1M each)
32.i) labelled diagram (1M) , derivation (2M) , ii) B = (ս0NI/ 2r) = (equation and
calculation 1M each)
(OR) i) principle , equation , Ƭ= BINA Cosθ (2M) , ii) Significance of RMF (1M) ,
iii) Ig x Rg = Is X Rs (1M)
Let, I = 100 , Ig= 10 , Is=90, then , Rs = 5Ω (1 M)
33. i) labelled diagram and graph (1+1) , derivation (2M)
ii) d = A ( n - 1) , d = 30 (1M)
(OR) i)Two graphs( ½ each) , Two differences (1M each)
ii) Bright image, x2 = (nλD/d )= 0.8mm (1M)
Dark image , x3 =( 2n- 1 )( λD /2d) = 2mm , (1M)

2
 KENDRIYA KENDRIYAVIDYALAYSANGATHAN::HYDERABADREGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER-8:2024-25
CLASS XII
SUBJECT: PHYSICS (THEORY)
Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours.
General Instructions:
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each,
Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each,
Section D contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer
questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one
question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to
attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
(8)
i. c = 3 x 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
iv. µ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝐴−1
v. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js
vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝐶2𝑁−1𝑚−2
vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 1023 per gram mole

SECTION-A
1. Charge Q is kept in a sphere of 5 cm first than it is kept in a cube of side 5 cm. the outgoing flux will be
(a) More in case of sphere (b) More in case of cube
(c) Same in both case (d) Information Incomplete

2. Three capacitors of capacitances 1μf, 2μF & 3μF are connected in series and a potential difference of 11V is
applied across the combination then the potential difference across the plates of 1μf capacitor is
(a) 2V (b) 4V (c)1V (d) 6V

3. A wire in the form of a circular loop, of one turn carrying a current, produces magnetic induction B at the
center. If the same wire is looped into a coil of two turns and carries the same current, the new value of
magnetic induction at the center is
(a) B (b) 2B (c) 4B (d)8B

4. Current sensitivity of a galvanometer can be increased by decreasing:

(a) Magnetic field B (b) number of turns N (c) Torsional constant K (d) Area A

1
5. The relative permeability of a substance X is slightly less than unity and that of substance
Y is slightly more than unity, then
(a) X is paramagnetic and Y is ferromagnetic (b) X is diamagnetic and Y is ferromagnetic
(c) X and Y both are paramagnetic (d) X is diamagnetic and Y is paramagnetic

6. A wire of magnetic dipole moment M and L is bent into shape of a semicircle of radius r. What will be its new
dipole moments?
(a) M (b) 𝑀 (c) 𝑀 (d) 2𝑀
2𝜋 𝜋 𝜋

7. A rectangular coil ABCD is rotated anticlockwise with a uniform

angular velocity about the axis shown in the figure. Initially, the
axis of rotation of the coil as well as the magnetic field B were
horizontal. The induced E.M.F. in the coil would be maximum
when plane of the coil
(a) is horizontal.
(b) is at right angle to the magnetic field.
(c) makes an angle of 300 with the horizontal.
(d) makes an angle of 450 with the direction of magnetic field.

8. The magnetic flux through a circuit of resistance R changes by an amount Δϕ in a time Δt. The
total electric charge Q that passes any point in the circuit during the time Δt is represented by
∆∅ ∆∅ ∆∅ 1 ∆∅
(a) 𝑄 = (b) 𝑄 = (c) 𝑄 = 𝑅 × (d) 𝑄 = ×
∆𝑡 𝑅 ∆𝑡 𝑅 ∆𝑡

2
9. One requires 11eV of energy to dissociate a carbon monoxide molecule into carbon and oxygen atoms. The
minimum frequency of the appropriate electromagnetic radiation to achieve the dissociation lies in
(a) visible region (b) infrared region (c) ultraviolet region (d) microwave region

10. Which of the following has maximum stopping potential when metal is illuminated by visible light?
(a)Blue (b)Yellow (c)Violet (d)Red
13.6
11. The energy E of a hydrogen atom with principal quantum no. n is given by 𝐸 = − 𝑒𝑉. The energy
𝑛2
ejected when the electron jumps from n = 3 state to n = 2 state of hydrogen is approximately
(a) 0.85 eV (b) 1.5 eV (c) 1.9 eV (d) 3.4 eV

12. The radius of a nucleus with nucleon number 16 is 3 × 10–15 m. Then, the radius of a nucleus with nucleon
number 128 will be: -
(a) 3 × 10–15 m (b) 6 × 10–15 m (c) 9 × 10–15 m (d) 24 × 10–15 m

13. Assertion:- The electric field at every point is normal to the equipotential surface passing through that
point.
Reason:- No work is required to move a test charge on an equipotential surface.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) The Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

14. Assertion :- When tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from some distance, a bright spot is
seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle.
Reason :- Destructive interference occurs at the centre of the shadow.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) The Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
15. Assertion :- Kinetic energy of photo electrons emitted by a photosensitive surface depends upon the
intensity of incident photon.
Reason :- The ejection of electrons from metallic surface is possible with frequency of incident photon
below the threshold frequency.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) The Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

16. Assertion:- Silicon is preferred over germanium for making semiconductor devices.
Reason:- The energy gap for germanium is more than the energy gap of silicon
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) The Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Section – B

3
17. Rank the Gaussian surfaces as shown in the figure. In order of
increasing electric flux, starting with the most negative.

18. The refractive index of diamond is much higher than that of glass. How
does a diamond cutter make use of this fact?

19. Find the radius of curvature of the convex surface of a plano-convex lens, whose focal length is 0.3 m and
the refractive index of the material of the lens is 1.5
(OR)
A telescope consists of two lenses of focal lengths 20 cm and 5 cm. Obtain its magnifying power when the
final image is (i)at infinity (ii)at 25 cm from the lenses of eye.

20. If light of wavelength 412.5nm is incident on each of the metals given below, which ones will show
photoelectric emission and why

Metal Work Function (eV)

Na 1.92
K 2.15
Ca 3.20
Mo 4.17

21. Draw the energy band diagram when intrinsic semiconductor (Ge) is doped with impurity atoms of
Antimony (Sb). Name the extrinsic semiconductor so obtained and majority charge carriers in it.
(OR)
Draw energy band diagram of p and n type semiconductors. Also, write two differences between p-type and
n-type semiconductors.

Section – C

22. A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2.4 m diameter has a surface charge density of 80 μC/m2.
(a) Find the charge on the sphere.
(b) What is the total electric flux leaving the surface of the sphere?

23. Deduce the relationship between current I flowing through a conductor

and drift velocity of the electrons. Following figure shows a plot of
current I flowing through the cross section of a wire versus the time T.
Use the plot to find the charge flowing in 10 seconds through the wire.

24. (a) What is the principle of a moving coil galvanometer?

(b) Give two reasons to explain why a galvanometer cannot as such be used to measure the value of the
current in a given circuit.
(c) Define the terms: (i) voltage sensitivity and (ii) current sensitivity of a galvanometer.
(OR)
Two parallel straight wires X and Y separated by a distance 5 cm in air carry current
of 10 A and 5 A respectively in opposite direction as shown in diagram. Calculate the
magnitude and direction of the force on a 20 cm length of the wire Y.

4
25. A rectangular conductor LMNO is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T. The field is directed
perpendicular to the plane of the conductor.

When the arm MN of length of 20 cm is moved towards left with a

velocity of 10 ms–1, calculate the emf induced in the arm. Given the
resistance of the arm to be 5 ohm (assuming that other arms are of
negligible resistance), find the value of the current in the arm.

26. Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which is

(i) suitable for RADAR systems in aircraft navigations.
(ii) used to treat muscular strain.
(iii) used as a diagnostic tool in medicine. Write in brief, how these waves can be produced?
(OR)
(i) Name the EM waves which are used for the treatment of certain forms of cancer. Write their frequency
range.
(ii) Thin ozone layer on top of stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?
(iii) Why is the amount of the momentum transferred by the EM waves incident on the surface so small?

27. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is – 13.6 eV. If an electron makes a transition from an energy
level – 1.51 eV to – 3.4 eV, calculate the wavelength of the spectral line emitted and name the series of
hydrogen spectrum to which it belongs.

28. Calculate the energy released in MeV in the following nuclear reaction:

92𝑈 90𝑇ℎ + 2𝐻 + 𝑄
→
238 234 4
Mass of 92𝑈 = 238.05079 amu
238

90𝑇ℎ = 234.043630 amu

Mass of 235

Mass of 24𝐻𝑒 = 4.002600 amu

1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2

5
 Section – D
29. Case Study: Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
Two sources of light which continuously emit light waves of same frequency (or wavelength) with a zero or
constant phase difference between them, are called coherent sources. Two independent sources of light
cannot act as coherent sources, they have to be derived from the same parent source. In Young's double slit
experiment, two identical narrow slits S1 and S2 are placed symmetrically with respect to narrow slit S
illuminated with monochromatic light. The interference pattern is obtained on an observation screen placed
at large distance D from S1 and S2.
a) Mention any 2 conditions for sustained interference.
b) In the Young's double slit experiment using a monochromatic light of wavelength λ, what is the path
difference (in terms of an integer n) corresponding to any point having half the peak intensity?
c)Calculate the ratio of the fringe width for bright and dark fringes in YDS experiment.
(OR)
c) In Young's double slit experiment, while using a source of light of wavelength 4500 Å, the fringe width
obtained is 0.4 cm. If the distance between the slits and the screen is reduced to half, calculate the new
fringe width.

30. Case Study: Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
A p-n junction is a single crystal of Ge or Si doped in such a manner that one-half portion of it acts as p-type
semiconductor and other half functions as n-type semiconductor. As soon as junction is formed, the holes
from the p-region diffuse into the n-region and electrons from n-region diffuse into p-region. This results in
the development of potential barrier VB across the junction which opposes the further diffusion of electrons
and holes through the junction. The small region in the vicinity of the junction which is depleted of free
charge carriers and has only immobile ions been called the depletion region.
a) Why is germanium preferred over silicon for making semiconductor devices?
b) Which type of biasing results in a very high resistance of a p n junction diode. Draw a diagram showing
this bias.
c) How does the width of the depletion region of a pn junction vary, if the reverse bias applied to it
decreases.
(OR)
(c)Name the 2 important processes involved in the formation of a p n junction.

Section – E

31. a) What work must be done in carrying an alpha particle across a potential difference of 1volt?
(b) A uniform field E exists between two charged plates as shown in fig. What would be the work done in
moving a charge q along the closed rectangular path ABCDA?
(c) A parallel plate capacitor is charged to a potential difference V by a
d.c source. The battery remains connected and a dielectric slab of
thickness d and dielectric constant K is introduced between the plates of
the capacitor. How the following will change: (i) Electric field between
the plates (ii) capacitance and(iii) charge on the plates of the capacitor
(OR)

6
 (a) S1 and S2 are two parallel concentric spheres enclosing charges Q and 2Q as shown in fig.

(i) What is the ratio of the electric flux through S1 and S2?
(ii) How will the electric flux through the sphere S1 change, if a medium of dielectric constant 5 is
introduced in the space inside S1 in place of air?
(b) Obtain the expression for the electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet

32. (i) A power transmission line feeds input power at 2200 V to a step-down transformer with its primary
windings having 3000 turns. Find the number of turns in the secondary to get the power output at 220 V.
(ii) A step-up transformer converts a low voltage into high voltage. Does it not violate the principle of
conservation of energy? Explain.
(iii) Write any two sources of energy loss in a transformer.
(OR)
(i) A coil of number of turns N, area A is rotated at a constant angular speed ω in a uniform magnetic field B
and connected to a resistor R. Deduce an expression for maximum emf induced in the coil.
(ii) A circular coil of cross-sectional area 200 cm2 and 20 turns is rotated about the vertical diameter with
angular speed of 50 rad/s in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 3x 10-2 T. Calculate the maximum value
of emf in the coil.

33. State Huygens principle.

(b) Define the term wavefront.
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the working of a compound microscope. Derive an expression for its
magnifying power.
(OR)
(a) Write two points of difference between interference pattern and diffraction pattern.
(b) Draw the ray diagram to show the working of a refracting telescope. Derive an expression for its
magnifying power (normal adjustment).

7
 CLASS : XII
SESSION: 2024-25
MODEL QUESTION PAPER-8 (MARKING SCHEME AND KEY)
SUBJECT: PHYSICS (THEORY)

Q.No. Option/Ans/Key point weightage Marks

SECTION: A

1. C 1 1

2. D 1 1

3. C 1 1

4. C 1 1

5. D 1 1

6. D 1 1

7. A 1 1

8. B 1 1

9. C 1 1

10. C 1 1

11. C 1 1

12. B 1 1

13. A 1 1

14. C 1 1

15. D 1 1

16. C 1 1
 SECTION: B
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑
17.
∅𝑛𝑒𝑡 =
∈0
2𝑞
½
𝑞 = 2𝑞 ∅ =
𝐴 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝐴 ∈0
𝚐
𝑞𝐵 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 𝑞 ∅𝐵 = ½
∈0

𝑞𝐶 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 0 ∅𝐶 = 0 2
−𝚐
𝑞𝐷 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 = −𝑞 ∅𝐷 = ½
∈0

D < C < B < A. ½

18. A diamond cutter uses a large angle of incidence to ensure that 1+1 2
the light entering the diamond is totally reflected from its face.
1 (μ−1)
19. = ½
f R
1 (1.5−1) ½ 2
=
0.3
0.5
𝑅 ½+½
1 = ➔ R = 0.15 m
0.3 𝑅
(OR)
Magnification when image formed at infinity
𝑓𝑜
𝑚∝ = ½
𝑓𝑒
20 ½
= =4
5
𝑓𝑜 𝐷 ½ 2
𝑚𝐷 = [1 + ]
𝑓𝑒 𝑓𝑒
20 25
= [1 + ] ½
5 5
= 24
20. ℎ𝑐 ½
Energy of photon 𝐸𝑝ℎ = 𝑒𝑉. ½
𝜆𝑒 −34 8
(6.624×10 )(3×10 )
E ph =
(412.5×10−9)(1.6×10−19)
½ 2
Eph = 3.00eV
As sodium and Potassium are having work function less than ½
energy of photon. These two metals exhibit photoelectric effect.
21. Differences two points ½+½ 2
Diagrams ½+½

SECTION - C
𝑞
22. (i) σ= ½
4𝜋𝑅2
½
 𝑞 = 𝜎4𝜋𝑅2 ½
𝑞 = 80 × 10−6 × 4 × (3.14) × (1.2)2
𝑞 = 1.45 𝑚𝐶 ½ 3
𝑞
(ii) ∅=
∈0
−3 ½
1.45×10
∅= 8.85×10−12
𝑁
∅ = 16.38 × 107 ½
𝑚2.𝐶
23. Derivation 2
Charge flowing through the given cross-section is equal to area
under the curve of current
1
(I) versus time (t). ½ 3
𝑞 = ( × 5 × 5) + (5 × 5)
2
½
q = 12.5 + 25 = 37.5 C.
24. (a) Principle. 1
(b) Two reasons. ½+½ 3
(c) Definitions of voltage sensitivity and current sensitivity. ½+½
(OR)
𝜇0𝑖1𝑖2𝑙
𝐹=
2𝜋𝑟 1
2×10
−7
×10×5×20×10
−2 1 3
𝐹= 5×10−2 1
𝐹 = 4 × 10−5𝑁

25. Let ON be at some point x. 1

𝑑∅
The emf induced in the loop 𝑒 = −
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝐵𝑙𝑥) 1
𝑒= − 𝑑𝑡
𝑒 = −𝐵𝑙𝑣 3
𝑒 = 0.5 × 0.2 × 10 = 1𝑉
Current in the arm,
I= 𝑒
𝑅
1
1
I= = 0.2 A
5

26. (i) Microwaves are suitable for RADAR systems that are 1
used in aircraft navigation. These rays are produced by
special vacuum tubes, namely klystrons and magnetrons
1
diodes. 3
(ii) Infrared rays are used to treat muscular strain. These rays are
produced by hot bodies and molecules. 1
(iii) X-rays are used as a diagnostic tool in medicine. These rays
are produced, when high energy electrons are stopped suddenly
on a metal of high atomic number.
(OR) 1

1
 (i) γ-rays are used for the treatment of certain forms of
cancer. Its frequency range is 3 X 1019 Hz to 5 X 1022
Hz. 3
(ii) The thin ozone layer on top of stratosphere absorbs
1
most of the harmful ultraviolet rays coming from the sun
towards the earth. They include UVA, UVB and UVC
radiations, which can destroy the life system on the earth.
Hence, this layer is crucial for human survival.
(iii) An electromagnetic wave transports linear momentum
as it travels through space. If an electromagnetic wave
transfers a total energy U to a totally absorbing surface in
time t, then total linear momentum delivered to the at
surface.
This means, the momentum range of EM waves is 10-19 to 10- 41.
Thus, the amount of momentum transferred by the EM waves
incident on the surface is very small
27. Energy difference = energy emitted by photon 1
= -1.51 – (-3.4) = 1.89 eV
= 1.89 × 1.6 × 10-19 J
ℎ𝑐 1
𝜆= 3
𝐸2−𝐸1
−34 8
6.624×10 ×3×10
= 1.89×1.6×10−19
= 6548A0. 1
This wavelength belongs to Balmer series of hydrogen
spectrum.
28. Using the given data ∆𝑚 = [𝑚(238𝑈) − 𝑚(234𝑇ℎ) − 𝑚(2𝐻𝑒)]
92 90 4
Energy released 𝑄 = ∆𝑚𝑐2 1
𝑄=
[𝑚(238
92
𝑈) − 𝑚( 234𝑇ℎ) − 𝑚(2𝐻𝑒)]𝑐2
90 4
1
𝑄 = [238.05079𝑎𝑚𝑢 − 234.043630𝑎𝑚𝑢 − 4.002600𝑎𝑚𝑢]𝑐2
𝑄 = [0.00456𝑎𝑚𝑢]𝑐2 1
931𝑀𝑒𝑉 2 3
𝑄 = ⟦0.00456 × ⟧𝑐
2 𝑐
𝑄 = 4.25 𝑀𝑒𝑉
SECTION - D
29. a. Conditions for sustained interference 1
b. I = I0 Cos2Ф/2
Cos2Ф/2 = ½ 1
Cos Ф/2 = 1/√2
Ф/2 = π/4 4
Ф = π/2 (2n+1)
Δx = λ/2π (Ф) = ( λ/2π) x (π/2)( 2n+1)
= λ/4 (2n+1)
2
c. Ratio = 1:1
β = λ D/ d
Taking the ratio new fringe width is half the first one =
0.2cm
30. a. This is because the energy gap for Ge (E=0.7 eV) is 1
smaller than the energy gap for Si (E=1.1 eV).
b. Reverse Bias, figure 1 4
c. if the reverse bias decreases the width of the depletion
region decreases 2
OR
c.Drift and Diffusion.

SECTION - E
31. (a) W=q×dV=2×𝑒×1 1

=3.2×10−19 J
(b) Zero .Work done in moving a charge in a closed path is
zero. 1 5
(c) (i) Since the battery remains connected, the potential 1
difference remains constant, hence E also remain unchanged 1
(ii)Capacitance becomes K times 1
(iii).Charge becomes K times since capacitance becomes K
times.
(OR) 1
(a) (i) Ф1= 𝑄/𝜀0 and Ф2= 3𝑄/𝜀0 so, Ф1:Ф2 =1:3
5
(ii) Ф1=∫𝐸.𝑑𝑆=𝑄/𝜀0 . 2
On introducing medium of dielectric constant L inside the
sphere S1,the electric field becomes K times 2
Now the new flux Ф1′=𝑄/𝐾𝜀0 On solving K=5 .
So new flux Ф1′=𝑄/5𝜀0
(b) Derivation of electric field intensity

(i) EP= 2200 V, nP= 3000, nS= ?, ES= 220 V

32. 2

ES/EP = nS/nP
So nS= 3000 ×1/10 = 300 1
(ii) A step up transformer converts a low voltage into high voltage,
it does not violate principle of 5
conservation of energy as the increase in voltage is at the cost of
current. When voltage increases the current decreases.
(iii) Energy loss in a transformer: 1
(a) Eddy current loss: Alternating magnetic flux induces eddy
currents in the iron core, which leads to energy loss in the 1
form of heat. It can be minimized by using laminated core.
(b) Hysteresis loss: AC carries the core to the process of
magnetization and demagnetization. Work is done in each of
these cycles resulting into loss of energy.
(OR)
(i) Consider a coil consisting of N turns of insulated copper wire 1
rotated in a uniform magnetic field B. Let the angle between
magnetic field and area vector at any point of time be θ. The coil is 1
rotated with angular velocity ω.
ϕ= NBA cos θ 1
5
θ= ωt
So, ϕ= NBA cos ωt
 E= -dϕ/ dt
= -NBAω (- sin ωt)
= ANBω sin ωt
E=0 when ωt=0
E= max when ωt=𝝅/2 2
Emax = NBAω =E0
Ein = E0 sin ωt
(ii) A= 200 cm2 = 200 ×10-4 m2, N=20,
ω= 50 rad/s , B= 3×10-2 T
E0= NBA ω= 20× 3×10-2× 200 ×10-
4× 50 = 0.6 V

33. Huygens principle 1

Definition 1
Ray diagram 1.5
derivation 1.5
(OR)
Two points 2
Ray diagram 1.5
derivation 1.5
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN::HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER-9:2024-25
CLASS XII PHYSICS
Max. Mark 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours
General Instructions
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C,
Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion
Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks
each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D
contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E
contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
one question in Section B, one question in Section C, all three questions in
Section D and one question in each CBQ in Section E. You have to attempt only
one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
SECTION-A

Multiple choice questions..one of the options is correct

1. coil of resistance 20π ohm and self-inductance 10 mH is connected to an ac 1 mark

source of frequency 1000Hz. The phase difference between current in the circuit
and the source voltage is :
(A) 30° (B) 60° (C) 75° (D) 45°

2. Two point charges placed in a medium of dielectric constant 5 are at a 1 mark

distance 𝑟 between them,experience an electrostatic force ' 𝐹 '. The electrostatic
force between them in vacuum at the same distance 𝑟 will be:
(a) 5 F. (b) F. (c) F/2. (d) F/5

3. An isolated point charge particle produces an electric field 𝐸 at a point 3 m 1 mark

away from it. The distance of the point at which the field is 𝐸/4 will be:
(a) 2 m (b) 3 (c) 4 m (d) 6 m

4. Which of the following is NOT the property of equipotential surface? 1mark

(a) They do not cross each other.
(b) The rate of change of potential with distance on them is zero.
(c) For a uniform electric field they are concentric spheres.
(d) They can be imaginary spheres.

1
5. A conductor of 10Ω is connected across a 6 V ideal source. The power supplied 1 mark
by the source to the conductor is:
(a) 1.8 W
(b) 2.4 W
(c) 3.6 W
(d) 7.2 W

6. 7. An electron is released from rest in a region of uniform electric and magnetic 1mark
fields acting parallel to each other. The electron will:
(a) move in a straight line
(b) move in circle
(c) remain stationary
(d) move in a helical path

7. The magnetic flux linked with the coil (in Weber) is given by the equation: 1 mark
𝜙(t)= 5t2 + 3𝑡 + 16.The induced EMF in the coil at time, 𝑡= 4 will be:
(a) −27 V
(b) −43 V
(c) −108 V
(d) 210 V

8. Choose the wave relevant to aircraft navigation: 1 mark

(a) ultraviolet
(b) infrared
(c) microwave
(d) visible light

9. A ray of light of wavelength 600 nm propagates from air into a medium. If its 1 mark
wavelength in the medium becomes 400 nm, the refractive index of the medium
is:
(a) 1.4
(b) 1.5
(c) 1.6
(d) 1.8

10. The shape of the interference fringes in Young's double slit experiment when D 1 mark
(distance between slit and screen) is very large as compared to fringe width is
nearly:
(a) straight line
(b) parabolic
(c) circular
(d) hyperbolic

11. When alpha particles are sent through a thin gold foil, most of them go straight 1mark
through the foil, because:
(a) alpha particles are positively charged.
(b) the mass of an alpha particle is more than the mass of an electron.
(c) most of the part of an atom is empty space.
(d) alpha particles move with high velocity

12. At equilibrium, in a 𝑝 − 𝑛 junction diode the net current is: 1mark

2
 (a) due to diffusion of majority charge carriers.
(b) due to drift of minority charge carriers.
(c) zero as diffusion and drift currents are equal and opposite.
(d) zero as no charge carriers cross the junction.

Assertion and Reasoning type questions

For Questions 13to 16, two statements are given -one labelled
Assertion (A) and other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer to these questions from the options as given below.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct
explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the
correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
13. Assertion (A) : Photoelectric effect demonstrates the particle nature of light. 1 mark
Reason (R) : Photoelectric current is proportional to frequency of incident
radiation.

14. Assertion (A) : A proton and an electron enter a uniform magnetic field 1mark
B with the same momentum p such that p is perpendicular to B . They describe
circular paths of the same radius.
Reason (R) : In a magnetic field, orbital radius r is equal to p/qB

15. Assertion : Density of all the nuclei is same. 1mark

Reason : Radius of nucleus is directly proportional to the cube root of
mass number.
16. Assertion : Hydrogen atom consists of only one electron but its 1mark
emission spectrum has many lines.
Reason : Only Lyman series is found in the absorption spectrum of
hydrogen atom whereas in the emission spectrum, all the series are
found.
SECTION-B
17. A proton, a deuteron and an alpha particle, are accelerated through the same 2 mark
potential difference and then subjected to a uniform magnetic field,perpendicular
to the direction of their motions.Compare (i) their kinetic energies, and (ii ) if the
radius of the circular path described by proton is 5 cm, determine the radii of the
paths described by deuteron and alpha particle.

18. State Huygens principle. Consider a plane wavefront incident on a thin convex 2 mark
lens. Draw a proper diagram to show how the incident wavefront traverses
through the lens and after refraction focusses on the focal point of the lens,

3
 giving the shape of the emergent wavefront.

(OR)
How will the interference pattern in Young's double-slit experiment be affected if.
(i) The screen is moved away from the plane of the slits.
(ii) The source slit is moved away from the plane of the slits.

19. Why it is the frequency and not the intensity of light source that determines 2 maark
whether emission of photoelectrons will occur or not? Explain.

20. Name the spectral series for a hydrogen atom which lies in the visible region. 2 mark
Find the ratio of the maximum to the minimum wavelengths of this series.

21. Show that density of nucleus is independent of its mass number A 2 mark

SECTION-C
22. Write, using Biot-Savart law, the expression for the magnetic field 𝐵 due to an 3 mark
element Di carrying current I at a distance 𝑟 from it in a vector form.
Hence derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a current carrying loop
of radius 𝑅 at a point 𝑃 distant 𝑥 from its centre along the axis of the loop.

23. Name the extrinsic semiconductors formed when a pure germanium is doped 3 mark
with (A) a trivalent and (B) pentavalent impurity. Draw the energy band
diagrams of extrinsic semiconductors so formed.

24 Two identical conducting balls 𝐴 and 𝐵 have charges −𝑄 and +3𝑄 respectively. 3mark
They are brought in contact with each other and then separated by a distance 𝑑
apart. Find the nature of Coulomb force between them.
(OR)

Two point charges of +1𝜇C and +4𝜇C are kept 30 cm apart. How far from the
+1𝜇C charge on the line joining the two charge, will the net electric field be
zero?

25. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air 3mark
present between the two plates.

26. Under what conditions does the phenomenon of total internal reflection take 3mark
place? Draw a ray diagram showing how a ray of light deviates by 90∘ after
passing through a right angled isosceles prism.

27. The total magnification produced by a compound microscope is 20. The 3mark
magnification produced by the eye piece is 5. The microscope is focused on a
certain object. The distance between the objective and eye-piece is observed to
be 14 cm. If least distance of distinct vision is 20 cm, calculate the focal length
of the objective and the eye-piece.

28. Explain with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a 𝑝 − 𝑛 junction diode 3mark
as a half-wave rectifier.

4
 SECTION:D
Case study Based questions
29. As shown in figure 4mark
a solenoid where
the wire is coiled
around a cylinder,
each wire loop in this coil acts as if it was a separate circular wire carrying the
same current I, the current in the coiled wire and the dense enough array of
such loops may be approximated by a cylindrical current sheet with the current
density K = I × (N/L) = I × L (loops) /solenoid length. For simplicity, let’s assume a
long solenoid (length ≫ diameter) which we approximate as infinitely long. For
a long solenoid (compared to its diameter), the magnetic field inside the
solenoid is approximately uniform and approximately parallel to the axis, except
near the ends of the solenoid. Outside the solenoid, the magnetic field looks
like the field of a physical dipole, with the North pole at one end of the solenoid
and the South pole at the other end and is approximately negligible.

i. Which of the following material can be used to make loops around the
cylindrical core of Solenoid ?
(a)Plastic (b) Glass (c) Quartz (d) copper
ii. The magnetic field inside the solenoid is
(a) Non-Uniform and parallel to the axis
(b) Uniform and parallel to the axis
(c) Non-uniform and perpendicular to the axis
(d) Uniform and perpendicular to the axis
iii. A proton is moving from left to right direction and outside the solenoid, then
what is the direction of force on the proton?
(a) upwards (b) downwards (c) proton will not deflect (d) inwards
iv. How the magnetic field inside the solenoid depends upon the number of
turns?
(a) inversely proportional (b) directly proportional
(c) proportional to the square of number of turns (d) none of these
(OR)
v. Direction of magnetic field due to the solenoid can be determined by
(a) Ohm’s Law (b) Fleming’s left-hand rule
(c) Ampere’s Right-hand rule (d) Biotsavart law

5
30. In 1905, Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effect, a phenomenon 4 mark
observed when light strikes a metal surface and ejects electrons. According to
Einstein, light behaves as particles called photons, each having an energy of ,
where is Planck's constant and is the frequency of light. For electrons to be
ejected from the surface of the metal, the energy of the photons must exceed a
certain minimum value known as the work function () of the metal. If the
frequency of the incident light is less than the threshold frequency (), no
photoelectric emission occurs regardless of the intensity of the light. This
challenged the classical wave theory of light, which could not explain why the
emission depended on frequency rather than intensity.

1. Which of the following parameters determines whether photoelectric emission

occurs?
a) Intensity of light
b) Threshold frequency
c) Wavelength of light
d) Angle of incidence

2. If the frequency of light is increased while keeping the intensity constant,

which of the following increases in the photoelectric effect?
a) Number of emitted electrons
b) Energy of emitted electrons
c) Work function
d) Threshold frequency

3. What does the photoelectric effect demonstrate about the nature of light?
a) Wave-like nature
b) Particle-like nature
c) Dual nature
d) Corpuscular theory

4. Which law of classical physics was contradicted by the results of the

photoelectric effect experiment?
a) Newton's second law
b) Maxwell's equations. c) Law of conservation of energy
d) Wave theory of light
(OR)
4. If the frequency of incident light is doubled, how is the energy of the photons
affected?
a) Doubled
b) Halved
c) Quadrupled
d) Unchanged

6
 SECTION-E
31. (A) What is a Wheatstone bridge? 5
(B) When is the bridge said to be balanced?
(C) Find out the magnitude of resistance 𝑋 in the circuit shown in figure. When
no current flows through the 5Ω resistance.

(D)State the two Kirchhoff's rules .

(OR)

(A) Show that a voltmeter when placed across the cell and across the resistor,
in turn, gives the same reading.
(B) To record the voltage and the current in the circuit, why is voltmeter placed
in parallel and ammeter in series in the circuit?
(C) Two cells of emfs 1.5 V and 2.0 V having internal resistances 0.2Ω, and
0.3Ω, respectively are connected in parallel. Calculate the emf and internal
resistance of the equivalent cell

32. (A) Show that an ideal inductor does not dissipate power in an AC circuit. 5
(B) The variation of inductive reactance (𝑋L) of an inductor with frequency (𝑓) of
the AC source of 100 V and variable frequency is shown in the figure.

(i) Calculate the self-inductance of the inductor.

(ii) When the inductor is used in series with a capacitor of unknown value and a
resistor of 10Ω at 300 s−1, maximum power dissipation occurs in the circuit.
Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor.
(OR)
A series LCR circuit is connected to an A.C. source having voltage 𝑉 = 𝑉o sin 𝜔t.
Derive the expression for the instantaneous current I and its phase relationship
to the applied voltage. Obtain the condition for resonance to occur. Define
'power factor'. State the conditions under which it is (A) maximum, (B) minimum.

33. (A) Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image of a point object by a thin 5
double convex lens having radii of curvature 𝑅1and 𝑅2.Hence derive lens
maker's formula.

7
(B) A converging lens has a focal length of 10 cm in air. It is made of a material
of refractive index 1.6. If it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3, find its
new focal length
.(OR)

(A) Two thin lenses are placed coaxially in contact. Obtain the expression for
the focal length of this combination in terms of the focal lengths of the two
lenses.
(B) A converging lens of refractive index 1.5 has a power 10D. When it is
completely immersed in liquid, it behaves as a diverging lens of focal length 50
cm. Find the refractive index of the liquid.

8
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN HYDERABAD REGION
MARKING SCHEME OF MODEL QUESTION PAPER-9
CLASS: XII PHYSICS
1)d 2)a. 3)d. 4)c. 5)c 6)a. 7)c 8)c 9)b 10)a. 11)c 12)c
13)c 14)b. 15)c 16)c

17 (A). K E is directly proportional to q. 1 mark 2

Ratio
(B) r=mv/qB=p/qB. 1 mark
Ratio

18 Definition 1M 2
Draw diagram 1M
OR
A) Slit width increases 1M
B) Reason. 1M

19 The photoelectron emission depends upon energy of incident photon 1M 2

Intensity of light doesn't effect the energy of photon 1M

20 Balmer series 1M 2
Ratio of wavelengths 1M

21 d=m/V
22 3

23 A) P-type 3
B) N-type

24 3
25 3

26 3
27 3

28 3

29 1) d. 2) b. 3)c. 4)b. OR 4)c 4

30 1)b 2) b. 3)b. 4)d OR 4)a 4

31

( OR)
32

(OR)
33.

(OR)
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN::HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER-10 :2024-25
CLASS XII PHYSICS
Max. Mark 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours
General Instructions
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C,
Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion
Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks
each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D
contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E
contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
one question in Section B, one question in Section C, all three questions in
Section D and one question in each CBQ in Section E. You have to attempt only
one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
SECTION-A

1.Two-point charges + Q and + q is separated by a certain distance. If + Q > + q then in

between the charges the electric field is zero at a point
(a) closer to + Q (b) exactly at the mid-point of line segment joining + Q and + q.
(c) closer to + q (d) nowhere on the line segment joining + Q and + q.

2. A positively charged particle is released from rest in a uniform electric field. The electric
potential energy of the charge
(a) remains a constant because the electric field is uniform.
(b) increases because the charge moves along the electric field.
(c) decreases because the charge moves along the electric field.
(d) decreases because the charge moves opposite to the electric field.

3.A capacitor is charged by a battery. The battery is removed and another identical uncharged
capacitor is connected in parallel. The total electrostatic energy of resulting system. (a)
increases by a factor of 4.
(b) decreases by a factor of 2.
(c) remains the same.
(d) increases by a factor of 2.

4. The relaxation time in conductors

(a) increases with the increases of temperature

1
 (b) decreases with the increases of temperature
(c) it does not depend on temperature
(d) all of sudden changes at 400 K

5.What is the net force on the rectangular coil?

(a) 25 × 10-7 N towards wire.

(b) 25 × 10-7 N away from wire.
(c) 35 × 10-7 N towards wire.
(d) 35 × 10-7 N away from wire.

6.Two coils are placed closed to each other. The mutual inductance of the pair of coils depends
upon
(a) the rate at which currents are changing in the two coils.
(b) relative position and orientation of two coils.
(c) the material of the wires of the coils.
(d) the currents in the two coils.

7.Electromagnetic waves used as a diagnostic tool in medicine are:

(a) X-rays
(b) ultraviolet rays
(c) infrared radiation
(d) ultrasonic waves

8.A student measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an object pin at a distance 'u'
from the lens and measuring the distance 'v' of the image pin. The graph between 'u' and 'v'
plotted by the student should look like

2
9.In a single diffraction pattern observed on a screen placed at D ,distance from the slit of width
d , the ratio of the width of the central maxima to the width of other secondary maxima is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 3 : 1

10.In the phenomenon of interference, energy is

(a) destroyed at destructive interference
(b) created at constructive interference
(c) conserved but it is redistributed
(d) same at all points

11.When an electron in an atom goes from a lower to a higher orbit, its

(a) kinetic energy (KE) increases, potential energy (PE) decreases
(b) KE increases, PE increases
(c) KE decreases, PE increases
(d) KE decreases, PE decreases

12.The conductivity of a semiconductor increases with increase in temperature because

(a) number density of free current carriers increases.
(b) relaxation time increases.
(c) both number density of carriers and relaxation time increase.
(d) number density of current carriers increases; relaxation time decreases but effect of decrease
in relaxation time is much less than increase in number density

For Questions 13to 16, two statements are given -one labelled Assertion (A) and other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as given
below.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false

13.Assertion (A): The coils of a spring come close to each other, when current is passed through
it.

Reason (R): It is because, the coils of a spring carry current in the same direction and hence
attract each other.

14.Assertion (A): The energy (E) and momentum (p) of a photon are related as p = E/c
Reason (R): The photon behaves like a particle.

15.Assertion (A): Bohr postulated that the electrons in stationary orbits around the nucleus do
not radiate.
Reason (R): According to classical Physics, all moving electrons radiate

3
16.Assertion (A): Two atoms of different elements having same mass number but different
atomic numbers are called isobars.
Reason (R): Atomic number is the number of protons present in atom and atomic mass number
is the total number of protons and neutrons present in a nucleus

SECTION -B

17.A straight wire of mass 200 g and length 1.5 m carries a current of 2 A. It is suspended in mid
air by a uniform horizontal magnetic field. What is the magnitude of the field?

18.Use Huygens’ geometrical construction to show the behaviour of a plane wavefront,

(i) passing through a biconvex lens and
(ii) reflected by a concave mirror.

(OR)
The ratio of maximum and minimum intensities of two sources is 4:1. Find the ratio of their
amplitudes.

19.Calculate the ratio of the accelerating potential required to accelerate a Proton and an α-
particle to have the same de-Broglie wavelength associated with them.

20.The total energy of an electron in H-atom in ground state is -13.6ev .Find its kinetic energy
and potential energy.

21.Explain the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion by using the plot of binding
energy per nucleon (BE/A) versus the mass number A.

SECTION -C

22..Derive a relation for the intensity of electric field at an equatorial point of an electric dipole.

23..If a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor after the
battery is disconnected. How do the following quantities change?
(i) Charge
(ii) Potential difference
(iii) Capacitance
(iv) Energy.

24.State Biot-Savart Law. Using this law, find an expression for the magnetic field at the centre
of a circular coil of N-turns, radius R, carrying current I.
OR
State ampere’s circuital law. Using this derive expression for magnetic field at a point (i) inside
and (ii) out side the infinetely long straight current carrying conductor.

25.An object is kept in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. The image formed is real
and three times the size of the object. Calculate the distance of the object from the mirror.

4
26.A ray of light passing from air through an equilateral glass prism undergoes minimum
deviation when the angle of incidence is 3/4 of the angle of prism. Calculate the speed of light in
the prism.

27.Write two characteristic features to distinguish between n-type and p-type semiconductors.

28.Draw the energy band diagram when intrinsic semiconductor (Ge) is doped with impurity
atoms of Antimony (Sb). Name the extrinsic semiconductor so obtained and majority charge
carriers in it.

SECTION -D

29. In 1820, a Danish physicist, Hans Christian Oersted, discovered that there was a relationship
between electricity and magnetism. By setting up a compass through a wire carrying an electric
current, Oersted showed that moving electrons can create a magnetic field. Oersted found that,
for a straight wire carrying a steady (DC) current: The magnetic field lines encircle the current-
carrying wire. The magnetic field lines lie in a plane perpendicular to the wire. If the direction of
the current is reversed, the direction of the magnetic force reverses. The strength of the field is
directly proportional to the magnitude of the current. The strength of the field at any point is
inversely proportional to the distance of the point from the wire.

i. First Scientist who discovered the relation between electric and magnetic field is-
(a) Hans Christian (b) Charles William Oersted
(c) Charles Maxwell (d) Andre Marie Ampere

ii. If magnitude of the current in the wire increases, strength of magnetic field-
(a) Increases (b) Decreases (c) remains unchanged (d) none of these

iii. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) There is no relationship between electricity and magnetism.
(b) An electrical current produces a magnetic field
(c) A compass is not affected by electricity.
(d) A compass is not affected by a magnet.

5
iv. A compass needle is placed below a straight conducting wire. If current is passing through the
conducting wire from North to South. Then the deflection of the compass is ____.
(a) Towards West. (b) Towards East.
(c) keeps oscillating in East-West direction (d) No deflection

OR

iv. Charges at rest can produces-

(a) Static electric field (b) Magnetic field
(c) Induced current (d) Conventional current

30.The oil drop experiment:

In 1909, Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher conducted the oil drop experiment to determine
the charge of an electron. They suspended tiny charged droplets of oil between two metal
electrodes by balancing downward gravitational force with upward drag and electric forces. The
density of the oil was known, so Millikan and Fletcher could determine the droplets’ masses
from their observed radii (since from the radii they could calculate the volume and thus, the
mass). Using the known electric field and the values of gravity and mass, Millikan and Fletcher
determined the charge on oil droplets in mechanical equilibrium. By repeating the experiment,
they confirmed that the charges were all multiples of some fundamental value. They calculated
this value to be 1.5924 × 10−19 Coulombs (C), which is within 1% of the currently accepted
value of 1.602176487 × 10−19 C. They proposed that this was the charge of a single electron.

(i)What was determined from Millikan's oil drop experiment?

(a)Electric Charge of alpha particle (b) Electric charge of oil drop
(c) mass of electron. (d) None of these

( ii)What is the currently accepted value of electric charge of an electron?

(a)1.5924 × 10-19 C (b) 9.1 × 10 -31 C (c) 1.602176487 × 10-19C (d) None of these

(iii)How was the mass of an electron determined?

(a)By the calculation of electric charge (b) by the calculation of density and Volume
(c) By the calculation of electric field (d) By the calculation of gravitational force

(iv)What was the conclusion of Millikan's oil drop experiment?

(a)Electric charge is integral multiple of fundamental charge
(b)Electric charge is integral multiple of charge of alpha particle
(c) No result (d) All of the above

SECTION-E

31.a)Define the term drift velocity of charge carriers in a conductor. Write its relationship with
the current flowing through it.
b) How does the mobility of electrons in a conductor change, if the potential difference applied
across the conductor is doubled, keeping the length and temperature of the conductor constant?

6
c) Give an example of a material for which the temperature coefficient of resistivity is
(i) positive, (ii) negative.

OR

a)Draw a circuit diagram of the Wheatstone Bridge. Use Kirchhoff’s rules to obtain the balance
condition in terms of the resistances of the four arms of Wheatstone Bridge.

b) Calculate the value of the current drawn from a 5 V battery in the circuit as shown.

32.With the help of a ray diagram, show the formation of image of a point object by refraction of
light at a spherical surface separating two media of refractive indices n1 and n2 (n2 >n1)
respectively. Using this diagram, derive the relation between n2,n1,the object distance u, image
distance v and radius of curvature R.
OR
a) Define a wave front. Using Huygens’s principle verify the laws of reflection at a plane
surface.
(b) In Young’s double slit experiment the width of the fringes obtained with the light of
wavelength 6000Å is 2 mm. What will be the fringe width, if the entire apparatus is immersed in
a liquid of refractive index 1.33?

33.A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source. Using the phasor diagram, derive the
expression for the impedance of the circuit. Plot a graph to show the variation of current with
frequency of the source, explaining the nature of its variation.
OR
Draw a schematic diagram of a step-up transformer. Explain its working principle. Deduce the
expression for the secondary to primary voltage in terms of the number of turns in the two coils.
In an ideal transformer, how is this ratio related to the currents in the two coils? How is the
transformer used in large scale transmission and distribution of electrical energy over long
distances?

7
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN HYDERABAD REGION
MARKING SCHEME OF MODEL QUESTION PAPER-10
CLASS: XII PHYSICS

Section -A 1)c 2)c. 3)b. 4)a. 5) a 6) b 7) a 8)a 9) a 10) c 11)c 12) d 13)a 14b 15) c 16) b

17. mg = ilB

B=mg/il

18

Or
19.

20 P.E = T.E/ 2 and K.E = - P.E/2

21

22 Derivation
Final expression

23 A) Reamians same
B) Decreases
C) Decreases
D) Decreases

24 Statement
Derivation of magnetic field

25
26

27

28
 N type semiconductor

Electrons

29 1) A 2) A. 3) B. 4) B. 5 )A

30 2) B 2) C. 3) B 4) A

31 A)Defination
I = neAVd

B)Remains constant

C)
Positive for metals

Negative for semiconductor

( Or)

A)Wheatstone bridge balancing condition

P/Q=R/S
Derivation
B) apply kirchoff rules

32

Derive refracting formula

(OR )
Defination of wavefront
Prove reflection of light

33. phasor diagram

Express for impedance
Variation of current with frequency is a sine curve
(Or)
Transformer diagram
Working principle
Transformer ratio
High voltage and low current