Course | Branch Subject Name with Code Semester | Assignment

Name Unit No.

Applied thermodynamics
B.Tech ME PP y 5th 1
IME-503

Objective type Question - Answers

1. Which type of fuel is lignite?
a) Primary fuel
b) Secondary fuel
c) Liquid fuel
d) Gaseous fuel
Acetylene and synthesis gas are examples of
a) Secondary gaseous fuels
b) Gaseous fuels
c) Primary gaseous fuels
d) Liquid fuels
Which of the fuel does have highest specific energy?
a) Diesel
b) Coal
c) Kerosene
d) Nitromethane
Which type of coal give more amount of heat after combustion?
a) Anthracite
b) Peat
c) Lignite
d) Bituminous
Which fuel causes least pollution?
a) Hydrogen gas
b) Coal
c) LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas)
d) Diesel

Short answer type questions

Explain the terms: air-fuel ratio, stoichiometric air
YwWNS

How does the LCV ofa fuel differ from its HCV?
Define cetane number.
Define octane number.
VR

Why is excess air always required to be supplied for combustion of fuel?

Long Answer type questions
1. A producer gas has the following percentage composition by volume, H2 =15%, CH,=2%, CO
= 20%, CO2 = 6%, 02 = 3% and N2=54%. If 50% excess air is supplied for combustion,
determine the volume of air supplied per m? of gas and volumetric analysis of the combustion
products.
Explain the working of orsat apparatus with the help of neat diagram .
Explain the working of bomb calorimeter with the help of neat diagram.
Determine the air fuel ratio and the theoretical amount of air required by mass for complete
combustion of fuel containing 85% of carbon, 8% of hydrozen, 3% of oxygen and 1% of
sulphur and remaining as ash. If 40% excess air is used,what is the volume of air at 27°c and
1.05 bar pressure?
The gravimetric analysis of a sample of coal gives 80% of carbon, 12% of hydrozen and 8% of
ash. Calculate the theoretical air required for complete combustion and Analysis of products
by volume.
 Course | Branch Subject Name with Code Semester | Assignment
Name Unit No.
Applied thermodynamics
B.Tech ME PP y 5th 2
IME-503

Objective type Question - Answers

1. Cornish boiler is an example of which type of boiler?
a) Water tube boiler
b) Fire tube boiler
c) Vertical tube boiler
d) Externally fired boiler
2. Stirling boiler is an example of which type of boiler?
a) Inclined tube boilers
b) Water tube boiler
c) Fire tube boiler
d) Mobile boiler
3. Which of these is a stationary boiler?
a) Locomotive boiler
b) Babcock- Wilcox boiler
c) Mobile boiler
d) Marine boiler
4. Which of these is a mobile boiler?
a) Lancashire boiler
b) Locomotive boiler
c) Stirling boiler
d) Cochran boiler
5. What is the steam pressure limit of natural circulation boilers?
a) 650bar
b) 180bar
c) 400bar
d) 550bar

Short answer type questions

Define the term equivalent evaporation.
Explain the term factor of evaporation.
wWN

What are boiler mountings & accessories?

What is the function of economiser?
WR

What is the function of superheater?

Long Answer type questions

1. Write the construction and working of Babcock & Wilcox Boiler with neat diagram?
2. How boilers draught system is classified? Explain the working principle of the steam
jet draught.
3. Write the construction and working of Locomotive boiler with the help of neat
diagram?
4. What are the advantages of high pressure boilers? Explain the construction and
working of La Mount boiler.
5. Calculate the equivalent evaporation from and at 100°C for a boiler, which receives
water at 60°C and produces steam at 1.5 MPa and 300°C. The steam-generation rate
is 16000 kg/h. Coal is burnt at the rate of 1800 kg/h. The calorific value of coal is
34750 kJ/kg. Also calculate the thermal efficiency of the boiler.
If the thermal efficiency of the boiler increases by 5% due to use of an economiser,
find the saving in coal consumption per hour.
 it - 1. 0)
s [1meE- 503 | Un
Applied Lhermodynamic
Subject Nlame.:-

~ S u b h a j i t G h o sh
Student Name
Student 10 Sv 960063 |
e t y r e C u e s lo n - flnsues
Obiechv
y p e o f fu el i s b g :
( [ J h i c h t l s i g u e ?
—@ fn wu t ot h e @ S e c n d a r s g ageas Soe
n t h e s i s gu s av e e xamples 6}
d sy
@ Flectylene an e st > p e c t energy!
(yet do cs M a v e h i g h .
(3) Whichof tlhe
|
a f t e r c o m b v stor7
— @) Diese a m o v n l ot heal
c oal % ye mar e !
L y p e of
y) Which
Alakhra cil.
-@
c a u s e s t e a s pollofran?
(5) Which fuel 5%
— @ Hydrogen
Sho r t a n s w e r fy re w a l e 4, s t o i c h i m ebric UF
v
(i) Em p l a n lh e terns: aiy-Svel a) ig & w e d s Vr e of the amoun
t of
fuel (AIF vaki s s - ibis ysually
R a t i o : T| h e o i r
o m b u s t i o n P r a c
> Air- fuel aiy mired with fuel doving the c
defined od.
Man of ar
Ac fuel Rabi (AIF) = ~ ay af fue-8l 1,
14
The ideal AFR fr gasoline is ovbout m amount
_ to w to th e mi nm mu
fl ix '- 5 t g i c h tomerric ay ye & giveramaink of joel
Stoichto metric sor th e co mp le fe co mb ustion of
af air required wv th at Su pl ee s susk enough
of (carbon,
it bl e e l e m e n t s
mbus
el gu it ho vk an g ec ews oY deficieng.
ent inthe fu
1g e jhe
 ic y of a fu el di ff er ham its HCV?
2 How does the | the Highex Calorth¢
value :
» Lfc value CL Cv) is lower
than
| The Lo ra er ca bo vi li
to va po ri ze th e wa te r troduced during
heat ye quired
CHCv) hy the amourt of
Combustan. vo po vi ra ho n of wat er (alent heal)
l of
sHev: |nchudes the hea wale
heab- af vaparizalian af
Fwcludes the
- LOY!
is due & the tal ent hea t of steam:
69, the deference
a l e r t h e a t af steam.
Lev = HCV - )

G) Dele cetane wwm ber:

er is a measure the iguilion quality of diesel
> The ce ta ne nu mb ntly
he fuel will ignite

w var veadily and consiste aring He.

Svel, indicaling ho de fe rm in ed by co mp
mp re ve d in a di es el engine « 1EIS ne and alpha -
When co d mu in bu re oF re ba
ac te ri st ic to a stand ar fu el iq ni te more
Syed's ig ni ti on ch ar
loné number me an d Me
a l e n e : fA hi gh er ce nc e ; vedu ted
methytnapth pe rf or ma
Mapr or engine
emo ly. Leading ly |
quickly and
a n d S m a then operalton.
unackin g ,
c t a n e r m ber. lo R n o kang - }L
Define O s t a n c e trot
® fuel’s resi
;
> The octanemm nfage at isooctan i

|
c o m b u s t r o n of fuelt
d for
to be eypelie d
b u sts, prev enting uvborne
n p l e ? c o m
n e e d e d bo ensure co de.
D> Faces u's be t k e c a r b o n mona
t i s e fhiccency and
ng combus
ai r co n La we ll effiratency
ch exce s
Long Flasisets sit ion bj Volume,
e Cor npo
gas has the dolla wing percenbag = 647 .\f
(1) A producer r* 6% A 23a and CN»
H, 2157)
,(0 - 907%,
C Hy . a7
de le y mane the volume of arr
ONC eM WY IS gypplied dor combustor. Com bus tio n Producls.
Spy ana lys is of the @
per m? of gad and valomebric
Suppli ed
3)(uiver, ay: fl producer qos with following percentage Compos Hore
Chty 2 27
H, = (Sz
COL > 6%
CO 220%
0, 2 3%
Ny = 544
foc ait 2 50%
To dnd to r m a gf pr od vcer §4-
lied
W Volume oF atr supp af Co m. by sfon by volume
.
produchs
Ci) Analysis of dry required”
Ngnimum volume af any
Analy sis:
- S H e £2 C H £ 3 0 . - Or |
Ya 7 10 [0-5C0 + p
0:03]
N G : gf OT M O LT FR 16:02) -
- 101000 w} C0520

= 099095Mm”
v o l p m e gt aur supplied
Achal 5 = {3212
0- 5 40 °8 8 03
Vac =

y y = lied .
b a l e 0 8 8 . 095
Ex cos tr on = 0 4404sWw and Ne
ns hi tv en ts of Fl ue Gye ate Cor Or
The co ,
Laces ar supplied 20:0-0925 m
l
= aig a ; NAO?

ro: 54 m° >
Volume of Np in fu ed
in ai r su r ed. al y supplied
Volume of Nx lu me af ac oa l
1, » Vs
-
—

044a?
z be 0 13214 21
 vo lu me af No in fl ue Guess
Tolal 84m
= 0-54 +b-044 = j5
e j e k - 0-06 ne
r rath
Volume af CO of vL 0.2m
63 co mbuslia n of 0.2m
CO : p r a d u c e d
Volum e of
of C o x , m H e ge
Ttad volume R OGL = O28 m
= O-0f FO ”
o f { l y e g ases alome or
Tola l v o l u m e 0} N y t V
e a t g a + volun
Volum
=

5 b4 volume
avtally sis
af dys brody
entfl x10
To “ T e l e n
men) Fe
at

e o c l e
x Volum
-
ge
e af flue um
Tota vol

ee
Coe = = WF E*
_ xiao
01 = 0092O555
l2 o °36
80o
— a al diagram.
= 1-5985469 ‘T h h e h e l p o f n e
pr
Ne
a v s a k o p p o r alos Ww
p l a n t h e W orking of — Three Way eek,
Fe Flue 904g |
=37/e)
Sample
bt
Fofa sssum tiydramitfe

*
To atmosphere

Side elevahim of |
Pipeline.
f1Pee-eEes

nts
[FgOra-at
 @
os
Working of Ovsal fl pparal mb us ti on gases,
ic . an al ys is of Co
Th e Or sa k ap pa ra ly s |is used for the valumetr
Jelons Wwe §u:
e C02, Or and CO is the
vem the persentoge af gancs ik
.
e.
Components u m e of t he ga sampl
, Buretle “
Nleasuies the v o l

d w r t a b s o r b i n g , so lu Ho n’ :
e t l e d > T h e e p i p e t t e s f i lle absorbing COx-
| Prp or eclu lion Lok
am } t y e r a x i d e ) fo x
@) K
ic a c i d fo r a b sorbing, 02.
@ Pyyo gabl CO.
chlovide toy ab ser bing q dyin [he
C u p r a e s a n d L i
(3 )
to c o n t o l t ne How of gas
ttle’ Deed
* Leveling Bo a d j u s t i n g re.
Ure prasu
brette by How.
C o n b r o l s pr e di ve ct io n oF gas
fock .-
, Three- Way
is
os ( u s yally 120 ce)
mple at § lv e
e Gras S a m p l e H s a
e L e v e l i n 4 v o t t l e.the §9
fe by lowering th

The 4
A b s o r p l o n ot COL
@)
KOH solution
olume # ey
di
T
f
h
f
e
e
r
r
e
e
m
n c e ™ y
aining 4! paned into sthe pin
o n oF 02 +
@ fbsorpti ragallec acid to absorb
ait
gnygen (C2). g
.
py th e pe rc e n age Of Onygen
defer mine
is wsted lo o the pipelfe with
Finally, the is payed wh yolume.
of CO G H
4) @ Absorption e d u c t i o n in
, ty hu ch a b s o rbs co. the r
id e
Cupyous chlov presen’.
ca te s th e a m o unt of CO yemaiung
Gas
indi COn, 6, and CO) the
ab sorbing
ia Alb fer
Content
CML.
¢ awumed to be wibragent
(5) Nitrogen
 te r wi th th e ho lp of ne at diagram. ©
hot Cabovime
6 v Balkry
dist
Electrically speraled
Oxygen Vilve
Levu le Cover
ty}
f 4
Ee Beckmann's ther mo meLer
STALL Copper Cala rimeker

;
ee 1 a
Stainlen stellsted! bomb

ae)
4.
44) BS

al
JF
Tyr
Mg fuse Loire
he oj pable
Stainled stee/ er

yale
:

cet} net tackel

Fi vu ef Sump le

oY
Jac Ta i
IF

ie
acres

in fe fi g! us ed to me asure the heal of

own
The bomb callori meler sh the working emplune pased on te components
Combusti of a bel <amp le- Here's

mp le 15 pa ce d iu rd e the atainles steed

Fu el Sa mp le -- Th e woghed Sued sa ee l bomb. the crucible
QD ttom
bo af th e st an le s st
crucible tocafedab the
re co nt ro ll ed combustion. es
connected acrass the electrod
hald the fu el te en su
“e is
Q Mg ive: Th magnesium
fuse Wire: uit fuseIU When av electric current is awed the
ene Syed rsample. ;
8 | Ce fw
a
7
|
in
the Ju on hve.
ed uc ed vi a th e oxgen
wire 1 nites,
selting
and onyger 'S va br
s Th e bo mb is Se ser that Mer
e
Oxygen Vide a high premure cavound 20° asabm).
This ensu
valve al on cf the foe.
comp lele combusti
eu tt ic ee nt oxygen hy the
1g
yo ng , se ab ed co nbaineh there
bomb is a St
@) Stainlews Steel Bomb - This
r co nt ro ll ed co nd e ticds: IE emsores
mb us ti on of th e vel occurs unde
the ca ms i de the bomb.
ed St ay s
Yraf the heal troduc th e Co pper cabovim efer,Lahic
h
aced m
6) Copper Calovimeter The bomb is pl m the com boston
tS
the he at vel eos cd ta
‘e filled tach waler- rE to ¥ISE-
casing its temper
trans ferred lo t's woot,
 jacket suvvoondi
7 The water Jacke} and aly
(afer JacKet and iy Jackel d reducing heal ;
©
r he lP im bu la ting the selup an
the copper co lo ri me te
al l the he al fr om th e com bushon
Ts ensure th ab
toss W the surroundiags-
ie used tu head the wafer 1S used a8)
eck mann’s tb ermomehor
meder. The
-
5 Thermomefet ca lo ri
Geckomann
th e wa te r m the
e tise oF
@)
m e a s u r e th e le mp er al ur ed >’ the twel.
cruaal to colwbali ng the heat yeleas
Lempevabre yise 1s or m distribu lon
in et e r e s Un il
Op er at ed stivrelt ‘- The st ld spots » Wun
6) Fleckvic al ly
re d h o tov ca
th e wa fe ting tocali
r, preven
of he at in a h r e Yeaung.
va l e L e m p e r
eNSyIes ON acco ig ni k on sptem. Wher
ba lf er y is c o n neced lo the i v fyse wires
© A é v n a g n e s
@) GV Battery ow s trvough th e
e c u r r e n t $l
itehed on, h
s
ng he bi el in si de thee bomb.
jgnali

Lov kuna Princeple cy yu ib le in si de th e bomb.

Su el is placed in th e
-(] know n ma rs of
with oajgen ond ected,
» The bomb is fled in th e Co pp er colorimelet-
Wa le t
* the bor b 48 na
meeta in
eV ba tt er and
s, the @ Coynbuskan
te d electrically using the t a
The Jv el is gu
inside the hom b. Ip the waked » Yarsing rts
cecurs t r a n s f e r r e d
t o m th e c o mbustian tS
‘ The heal -
bem perarure - in g th e th er mo me ter, ard fram
Us
vise IS anesured ula.
ts valculabed using the form
> Th e Le m pe ra ll re
th e ca lo ri c v a l u eof the Jued
tris »

Formula - = ( w t w ' ) ~ 5 xAT

Calovific Valve M
Where.
(l aw s of wv ak er im th e cala vimeter.
W = valent af the co
lorimeter.
W's Water equi
heaofl Ware
5 = Specht
nse inthe water
AT = Temperabre
= Mas of the fuel.
 ové lic al am ou nt of air vequived @)
yat io and the the
(4) Determine the ary Suet Cavben, 82 oF
le te com bus tio n of Sue t con lar uin g 35% 04
by maw tor co mp in in g ad ah. It tox
and 1% of sul phu r and re ma
hydra ren, 3x OF owsget C and (05 bw
is the Vol ume of aiy af AF
eters dtr is Used» Wha
Premure ?

> (rived, The composion af bel by Moy. for | Rg of fuel

C= 0-85 kg. Ha = 0°8Hy

0, = 0-03kg S 20-01Hy
Ash = 0-03 4g
Encen airs 40, FT, 22t'e, = 900K

P, = 1°05 bok = lO5Kfa.

To find
required.
Ci) NLeatmwm amount af aiy
and
ay flir-fuel vafio bg mam, ences Wy
Ci) Vplym ¢ of cuir vequived with 40 %
Fl ssumplrons 20 2 and PF % No by mats.
ti) The ay con tai ns 23
(1) Comnplefe com buster. for aaya O-2gk KIIKG-K.
(i) Speahe 94 conshink
Analysis ed for com ple te com bution
OF air req uir
i) Minimum maw
mag SE [R3et x0o:8H5-+8 PS(0T08 0-03 | +a-o1]
2 110
> 2-55 ka | Kg of tel.
-5 51 |
i) Air Suet vabio by ma w = 19
x in Er ce Ms , th e ac lv al am ount of aly
40
Git) Since ay gupplied is
cupplied is ewal to SF Rg
= lf
me, 2 ba wIR SS
aled as follows:
The volume OccuPred hy arr con be cateul
 pV = mel

f - 5 F 4 0 % 8 4 n 300K,
lony - 1
ow Ve 14y4otm
a sa mp le
le af co al Gi ve s Sox oF covbon, 2%
gravimetric analysis af for
@) The
Co lo theovelical aly yequived
fate the
af hydragen and g za t as h-
An al ys is oF pr od uc ts hy volume.
Co mplele gornbustion and
ie an al ys is of a sa mp eo
le f coo
> Crarimeb 20:12
(=0°% H_
0:09
ah= h
T,

ay eired, and
hind, Thearelicok
is of Pr e du cks by volume:
Gi) Analys

Compidertt \ Ke coal m a r s of h y d r o g e n = 0-12.

‘ gq and
combustor
a, for complele
)t8
uy
() Thearebic
al
7 § o p a ( a t - Z
2 12
- 91 agg 1am oR FOE

= [945 yglna oF Wel

b e r of m o l eoF C:
(1) N u m
e r
o $ = g - 0 6 t mile
Nee We
b e r oF 10 e s of tad
Nu m
- 0- 8 molé.
Tn, 7 or
vthcol aur
Combushon
athk eo
yeacton t a F
0 bi :
d £3 FCN
t 3 16 No)
gortc + O1aHt x(02
 the element balance yields to
e
a =0:06F mol
amd b = 0:06 mole le.
ov x2 0-05F mo
avd 2X -Qatb

roducts.
Total ynoled af p
0 6 1 + 0 - 0 6 t 3 - t6 »0-09F
- 0-
e
= Or492 mol
r’ Caw 318
Hence volumet
GO6F #1r00 - (962%
a

rare
7 n

C02
ee
= _

_ 9:06 "10
GO: 4492
09F * 100 FH 13%
— 3 -~
> BH nO
No
 - 5 0 3 ] unil-2 ()
th er mo dy na mi cs ( M E
Subject Naxne - flpplied
Ghosh.
Student Name :- Subheyit
Student 10 :- Syl 860063!
Sutoin vFaeith |
+ Objeypect ewample of hick type oF baler?
(1) Cornish boiler ts a
boilefl.
— 6) Fire hide Ly pe of b a ile?
an enample of h i c k
l i n g ho il et is |
(D Stir
( ) W a t e r tu be bo iler.
—
18 a s t a t i o n a r y boiler ?
© hich af these
boiler. |
—() Babcock - Wilcox
c h of th es e 1s a mobile boiler?
(i) Whi
Locomotive boiler
—(}) e i v w l a h o n bo ilers?
r e lint of ro bb ra l
the s e a m p r e w u
—O What is
— (0) 160 bar.
a n s w e r Ly pe qu es ti ons’
Short
e i v a l e n t ev aporation. o u l d be e v aporabed
l e r m th al w
0 Define the r a t i o n 'S th e a m o unt af valet mance
o
Eqvivalent evap i e e s b oiler PerPr
e E s l a n d a r d
s a f u v a b e d g t e antak [00'C A e.
j o o ’ in to dr y, es ur e ov Lemperatur
Fro m e aperaating co
nail t s s li ke pr
v e g a r d l e n of th
Comparison ) a t i o n (me)is :
eqivat e n t e v a p o y
The lormula A soe
me = m8 (Sesh m Kode.
Where? v a l e n t e y a porittat
ime = Fovi pet hour.
z Pc ha l ma s ab st ea m gerey
ma
eam produced
i = Egthaled of the st
confer
whi= Fathales of feed f co nv er } wa ter ak 100°C
he al re qu ir ed
225 kylrg Is the talent
ls steam ab too'c.
 a)
lh e le rm la cb or of evaporation.
Q Fe pl a
or ab to n (Fe ) mea sur es boi ler eff ici ency by Covnparing
Facey af Fv ap
7 wi
ed by lag of ual er un de r ac l con dil iom sto the hea l resuiv ed
e he al rec eiv
fo evaporade | tg of tinder af 100°C. 1#'s cabcalabed using:
a_oheeh
Wh ere:
d h e s t eam produced
h - f r t h a l e o t t
h a l d of th e te ed wotel at {o0'Gs
WY, = E n t at loo'e be steam
k e S RY
] = H e a l yequired
2257
ceories?
moynhings A ac
©) [hal are boiler
vi ce d mo yn le d on 4 boiler for
fittings an de
ng ay e en er ha l
° Boiler Mounti
n and solely. are required
‘
|

It 'S o p e r a h o owin g m o u n t i n g s
bo il er x e q u l ahow, the foll
Indian
According, to
, Tio satel valve
wa le t le ve l “adicabrs
' Tu o
+ A eremure pause
, Econo niiset
fir pre
Spot healer
» Steam Separauor
> Steam traf
» Shear Stop val valve
valve.
‘ Feed check,
"Blwo-oof cock inspector's test gauge:
« Attachment Jos
+ Manhole les .
holes or Sight ho
yoy
Q ? a sah k wh .
fh e bo it er 's efficiency
qual:
fon n
dak entranc e
cceso ries
are
s oles
.Commoan ea
ail OL

a n d a p e r a t i o n
+ Feed pumps
- Injechr.
 @)
r?
(1) I Jhat is the dunchion of ecanomise em de si gn ed . Lo im prove Enemy
ent af a boiler syst
waler vsmg the vesidued
ow is et 1s a co mp on
The econ
n 's k pr eh en d: th e feed recovers heal
, [Es pr im ar y Jo nc ho b o i l .eThtis Pracens
eSticienesr the Hue gases befrve they cr it th e
vequistd
heat ho th us ve du ci ng the fuel eu
rsumplan
teds
wo ul d ot herwise be taas
th at
desired Stean
Levnpevakore-
wa rm to Re ed caster bebe
to veae} veal te ne al fr om tye gases fo
un te r - Uses wadl e
Fe ed
; Pyehea ls
s+ enfers the balecor.nsul?
d uce bel ppevasing st
s by making
S f i c é e n c d'- R e lion and
lnproves E n e r m the Hye gore:
v5 ¢ of (he e n g e npentd :
bebt e r d o p e r a t i
o v e t a l l fu el usage on
u e l Costs” 1 ono
» Re d u c e s F
° of SUPA healer?
6) {hal is the Functioon n
beyond
heals gleam
super heafer
? The
r o c e s rn ya tv es passing st
n. This p d in
Supetrented Shea being gare generate
e 1 S he al ed fu rther afler
[her
: _
Denehts incode mo ve e p r e n e rgv- erchancing
mproved EHiciency ° “ Superchealed steam had
| gmes.
gs aid ev
the edficiencd +f Iyrbingaseou
lt yeas the
Condensabton:-
‘ Prevents
pa nd ed , av oi di ng co ndensalt
eo
equipment.
£ gi,
th e st ea m' s he mperahre aad ener
reases
Per formance ‘- lyic gin
a ances
p e v b i m a n ce im gleam en
better
leading lo

the
ho os ts the per by ma nce and efficiency of
er
Overall, the Super heal

Steam system-
 G)
© Wrile Me consbruction and working of Babcock 4 Wilco Boiler With neat diagrams

Get ©

oe .
a
[ee

Feed vile ~BRE= == ae Bs a

Uplate hood | - :
We NV
T S |
= = —Y [Z7
Lropre —

|s = .
nae
y,
LNEGO® vy,
7 5

|
J ~ Mod box
B= Rattles
. _|
| Fra- Ue! Babcock I Wileon boiler
Wi lc ox ha le is an e of the earlkest and most
The Babcock and eam
Jor estiaency and high - capacity st
designed
Commonly ysed water Lobe boilews. ns le uc ti on an d wo rk ing frat].
n af its co
generafran. Pela is an explanatio
Construction : oe
Waler tube | .in healed by
iS Stebionary afer circulates m fo be sa nd
ler wheve
ie nary boi
, sn
bth
B Gleam and Waber dro 7 aded ab fe fp of fe Bier Sirs

wa lt ec te d in th e Up per part, While

The steam is
| Steam aval paler. ulated .
wafer is separated and vecirc
i Short Tubes '-
t tu be s co nn ec t th e steam water drum
+ Sh or
er (f or oa le d no be r Hoving &
oer rising) and the down heat

Bos : l e c ? impur
1 Mud c o v l n i n d & mud bo ” Lo c o l
. en d e r
ily Jor maintenance:

R a t t l e W a l l » di y e e t s t h e hot Hue
WY Fivebrick, ysed [0 cr e a l e & h a d f l e wall thal
s e b r i c h s a v e m u r ” T T LranAtel
» Fi anid end ures r a a o e r
w a b e r L y b e s
(abe over the . y are ope
raed
T h e
Dampes : boiler .
vi. imide the
em & nd mainkait
ov d v o t
r o l t h e aivflow u s t i o n p r o c
co n t @ com b
° fanpens regulate the
a i t o n d pa res pulley le
by 4 Ch d:
propet burning cred om
Wortuing =
* Sl ow m o ving chain
Goal tgmbuston gr at e Hh ro ug h the hopret Th e
the jornace.
th e in
“Coal 's Jed anthdye con ruovs and steady burning of
co al
; Grate ensures
tt en ov er the walt
WS Flne Gos Flow i ge ne ra te d during ina 81 g 2a g pa
* The hot Hu e q u e
ft si de of the boi Ler.
708 pa tf er n ov er th e w a l e
tybes on t th e le
re ct th e Sv e ga se s in a P0
- The ba ff le s di su ri ng masimum he at ab so rp ti on by the wafer.
th ea te n en
tubes avd supo Causing ‘L
to
s,
wv Water Arcyfation heal from h
e fl ue Ga se
steam and
in the tubes
absorbs
the Steam dom, Whese
; Water header nfo
e Uptake
vise U h r o u g h t h
of th e d v , and the.
m vised 10 the. foe e d
Water sepa va le d , Th e st
do u
ea
h e a d ib th e sa fe r b
wafer Hous - an Hang the
cmos arcu la ti n Kn ow n os no br al crrewlafton.
 @
Nv — Superhealrug : part of th devi |
in th e vA pe t se p ointg s
s t e a m c o l l e cted “ her be
‘The . s mn er et wad a ncy
fo ineremse th
l h e a l e d
iebiveroedT Jora Se - S u e que anit
C a s e s : tn e co ol ed
YE whau slof tlye nd oupetheatet.,
a v e l th e w ater bybed a
ing
, (? Her pars
i l e r t a r o u himney.
gh the c b r a n s i e t n o duval pute
t h e b o heat
ic te nt due bo ‘Es edfective gyitable 507 | ndus
trial
er is hi gh ly ed f design makes it
his boil ve of mat afene
nce-The
Corelobion, and
e
a n d pr eb ur e- |
af hugh capaci He s ciple of
Stea m g e n e r i o n e W o r k i n g pr in
s i t i e d > F r p lain th
s y s t em #S claw
lee dr a u g h t
®) How bo th e p r e w s u re difference
yaugr.
et d ow how
the steam J 1S dai e d b a ped
e n h a n s t gases:
gy pt em t a n d
T h e boilex draugh
t
n i r d l o w do r combustion
th e
?
enerated ts conbol ow) Belod -
foll
(draught) i g a v e g e n e v a l ly clamifed
ms
Draught syste
Dray

Arlficlial
iewealdau |
baa
|
uy
Steam Jet (Mechanical
it
far drayg
draught

[ |
forced
|
Induced Bale c.ed
forced draught
dyw
imnes) Nravghh -
(i) Natoral (or Ch di ff er en ce ™ Le mperabre andl
iiatal the Chimney using the outside almasphere »
th e
lween the flue gased and
re be
AvliciThad's és Orfoaurtghhet clasilved indo fovo tyres:
 @ Steam Jet Draught to: create draughThi
t s is su bd ivided inbo
Uses Stea m je bs
~ $l ea m jel s he lp in vemoving Hve gases
+ Induced Draught
Co mb in ed bo th fo rc ed and indoced draughts
* Balanced Draught ‘ -
for better control:
6) Mechanical Cor fan) D Ya :
d inks:
A dvaught. This is further divide
‘Used mechanical ford bo a
Hoe gases.
‘Iwduced Draught:- Faw remove
> fa w fa ce ay inf o the fornace for ombustron.
‘forced Draught
'- Combines bath for ced and induced
Balanced Dravght op ti mi ze Pr em ur e an d dirteu
dravghls to

(w or ki ng P r i of St
n a
ea m de
n f lheu g h ”
¢* y sing high ~ veloalygh
(eb draught orks on the princile
The sheam th m b t generates airflow Hb rou
diff er en ce , Ld hi
Steam te create a Premure eam jets bo ei ther pull
s winelic Energd fr om st
bo il er sy st em - !E sh li ze Lhrough the
the air an d Hu e gu s
au gh l) or pu sh { forced dyaught) en er gy ¢ f Steane
(induced dr nv er ti ng pr em mr e
us ti on . Pr oc e. Th e pr ocess - valves co
Comb
fi c en er gy th ro ug h 0 Nozzle:
nla Ki ne
M e c h a n i s m ~
(Jorki ng
. This Steam
Steam Source = hi gh P r e s i r e
itself, undet
+ Steam 16 ahtain ed ! h a m th e bo i le t
is p a s s e d t h r o u g h « Jeles
ed ™ Prex sure) b hae it
iS throttled Cveduc
portle-
W Steam Velocity: ‘E s Pr ew us e en er gy 'S comwerled
pa bs es tn ro vgh the norele,
* When s t e a m
stea m epits the no arte
aka nigh velouly,
ito kinetic energy. The
i Creahion of Draught * am jet either indvces a vacuum oy Sovces at
+ The high- velooty ste
through the boiler systen?.
+ The movement ofaiy or Hue gas Is essential for!
hen. |
+ Supplymg ar to the furnace for combus
" Removing combustion gases ham the boiler.
 ght :
Tyee of Steam Jet Drau
i Induced Steam Jet Draught
Fohowst steam 4 Flue ceases.

Hol Fly
KRI =
=< Gwe :
[' a &

:
Eehaust Shea “steam Jef

The she L SteenSef Oravstl—)

dr au gh t sy st em Yo u' re de scr bing ig a method used to
creafe 0. fares 7 valaf Hoe asl and to
mo
maintain & eel locomotive bailer te mist in the ve n of how it works :
Comboste Here's a clearer breakdow smoke bex.
7 is di ve ct ed int o the
ty steam
Steon Jef: High -veloa Smoke bow
Premure area in he
tes a low
Pavia Vacyym -- Crea pr at e ue s, an d au t the chimney,
Ai r Fl ow :- Dr aw s air Hough the hire
y val.
on & and ephaust ¢@ remo
Enhances combys h’ {i Ch en ey
° Induced Draught1- ttve rs not moving
.
locomo
vse: Usedul wher the
° Stationary
e e d S t e a m ( e t Dravght : ab n pil. .
i) fov aced near the
gi al e ox
n a cean,d
' Here ithe st e a m j e t s p l
fu el be d, f u r
a m fo rc ed ai r H v a u gh the
high - ve lo al y s t e fu rn ac e hr b urning LA
the , on a he {he
e e psanage
MSy
and deiving, gased aut thro
 kin g of Loc emo tiv e boiler wth the help 8
Q) Leite the cou tro cti on and wor
0} neat diagram?
3 chiang,
i J
[ote header ;
j
Regolatar Supe healer ey re

( ya \ Steam done > we _

Door ‘ seal
Pr ----\ Se
ee ES eee ee eee St || Mie|
Toengne 5 = :

faa |
Posy Spt PEE Sey
n J e|o72t foe
Bla Pipe 4 Qoilet shell—
moke, tobed
Foohaust fom ong
Smoke bo»
Fig- 1-2 Lacomolive Boiler.
Hired borler.
iler 1s Lype ag $ mplft~lubolar, haritonla? iakotrally y to Preduce
f) loco motive bo e LES Pe rmary feabre is the abil'l
ca mo liv
m - Poweted lo
Widely sed rn stea ential for dviving lo engines of
fratw.
vale, en
steam ala ver) hugh
Key Fealures Sell ell withWi diametet af
lic mele and a
ci) Shell Cov Barrel) : abe vad bailed -
«ie cal the mai? body of the
: The boiler cn
lots oT
Length of y me
a n d C o m b u s t i o n : a r t h r o u g h a fi re dies, The
(i) Fivebow d fu el a n d is Je d inly the fre b
l is the Prim a r se of the fiyv
ebor.
+ ga located at th
e ba
(oat burrs on a
grate
al p r o d u c e s H u e gases, Which
hom the burvung Co
rated
* The heot gene
vi ta l vo le in St eam pro duthion.
Play a
i) Tubes and Heal
ing :
sm al l lob es, ea ch wi th a di ameler af Kf: Samm
The boiler contains EmmI FS ve su pe rh ea te r tubes with a lar ger
als a ho
and a thicknens of 24 . [L may
diameter #+ 130mm. sf erving thety heat to the
s br av el th ro ug h th es e lo be s, tr ar
"The Hue gase the barrel.
water surrounding the fobes ivside
 S t e a m Ge ne ra ti on : fo m th e Hu e gases, 1's
(i v) de the barrel absorb s he at
Al s th e wa le r in si an d us ed lo dr iv e the tocomoltve's
ected
m. The steam is ce [l
converted info stea
engine .
: steam dome. This
(V) Steam Regulatovarlve, acting as & vequ labor, ‘s lo ca be d in si de 4
» Arr arslop
c o h o l th e Ho w of steam. eated steam
valve helps vi de o
d info tw parts + on e fo t sp pe tn
aud the other
ch am be r 1% di
Iv hu gh er ef rr ae nc y)
* The shea Ka l bo il in g Point
yo nd It s
(steam heated be te am iA eq ui li brivm pith W o.
d cteam (s
fey satorate p l t e c t e d ina sma
ard a¥ ¢
i) Syke Baw and Chimney « wg, the cooled Hye g shinn
rv? the be .
A Htex pawing ‘h g.
f o n t of t h e boiler. r h e a k m o s phere —
bow at the ©%P ed info maigrenanit
k e ho rs the G a s e s a y e
to a l l o w Jo r Cheaning °
, From the
c o be apertd
oor ot pre Grnake bor CO”
’ The lant d
| o c o m o l i v e B o i ler :
Working of a
ai| t gupplied.
o ce: it h
(h) Cornbustion Pr
g r a l e ty
or the s:
hole avd burt g coal P r o d aan {tye gase
h the hive w.The buren
Coal is Sed Heroug inta the a s h pi L b e l o
mpex _
. thvavgh the da hoy Pro PE
di slribsho
n
sfer: ick arch
W Leak Tran joflected
by a kvebr
be s, t h e d L r anafet heat bo
p o s t h o u gh Ihe five tu
ds the gases
’

Hing ik inks steam.

t h e t v b e s :
through

St ea m Co ll ec ho n an d (sage : h in cr ea ses Stearn

tii) in th
inee st ea m do me , [h ic
« The genev ated steamdviveolet leccolswlaols the rel ease of dry, saturated steam through
yelecse capacitythe. en gine te perbrm work «
la ra y se nd in g it to fh e
a vequ
iv) Super heated Stenis: directed loa sopatheater fo become superheated steam,
> Some steam eater efficiency,
gine dor gr
en su pp li ed {0 th e en
Which is th
 (v) Draught (yeabion : Hr re ug h 4 bl as t pipe inky the
the engine 15 discha rg ed
ha us t st ea m fr om th e Si re , sustaining
» Th e ew h ai r Hy ro ug h
au ght thal aulls fres
smoke how, creating a dy
Combustion: gy co nv erbion nd
rati on an d en er
e m r e d ef } ic ie nt steam gene
This procems
let.
lo cama tive bo
ce pr ew ur e bo il er? fo plam the consbuctto
ages af du
(4 hL at ave the advant
and Working af Lo Nout boiler.
of « aLocg
? Pron omotivee sBolecity :
ciency and Capa
3 Increased EAfi her st ea m ge ne ra ti on Capacity,
elticien cy an d hig
+ The design allows for inno
mand aperabians
; making it Sut lable Jor high de
iD forced Circulation ° bi ke y in fu rn ac e aud tobe design,
Ja bi on of ta te r en abdd Hovi ,
, The forced Cir na ng ov erall perhrmance
ion an
byrmal d en ha
reducing the ishOF S
cale

H e a t i n g : W h i c h he le s p r e v e nt the vist
WY Opifem er av e pr i bo r rely heated, |
a r t
so f th e bo il
» ALL p i! damage.
a n d ga te rt
a$-ovothealing
making it
Ww) Lighfinelght * e l a h v e l s l s h t e t
ut » th e bo il er the borler Is y trie locomatites:
n ou tp io ns
» Far a Give ap pl ic at
ly in mowile
l and braw ler 7 especial
Carier bo ita
ead Changes quiring
in Coad demand withoutibitreely.
d R e s p a n s e fo L
gk be tiyctuatons
| Y Rap i
HE can quickly ada Chaaisnv, offe r i n g be tt er op er at io nal Hten
me
addi tonal esntval
LA mont BOILER

Steam and ater balance dun

d
} Convsclion healing swvhac
Adak jon heabing surface

Combusten chamber

——1

| Schemahie diagram of La Monk Boiler

|
key Components:
Pu rp Su rp ie s wa tt le th e bo lle.
: Coed cden using waste
ta heat-
et: Prehenfs fe d
* Fronom
n Dr um : Se qu ra le s st eam from alt
+ Shea th e boiler tubes.

m
ug ht

e
wa de r th ro

l
ed

e
Civoulaking flip: forc

e
‘
e o d a n n hiv Tohed : aber ino Steam.

ac e: Bu rn s fu el to generale heat
Furn ug h th e bo iler bes.
s hot ga se s Hr ro
‘flue Gas Path « Gorvie
|
Working Frincifle te r en te rs th e e.conomucet and is
heated
ing ” The feedwa
0) Feedualet Heal :
by the flue goss
 W) Wat e r C r e l a h o n ’ The ci abing tome
~ The cirawtle tubes. forced the heabed baker trough the
)

evapor
s, 1E 1S h e a t e d by the.
s He re ugh the tu be
a t e r S l o w
E v a p o r a t i o n > Fs the W b a l l y pails into Steam.
YY eve a
Syynace gases and n t u He Steam dv
re enters
um,
e T he Steam -
L a t e r w n i
the voter.
a r a l t o n o a t e d h o m
S ep m 1S separ
_«© Steam
Whe r th e s t e a
s e d H e v o o g h . th e 2 9 h ealer,
T h e s a l u v o t e d s t e a n t is rai
W S t e a m S y p e r h e a tiig ‘- Lemperalure
— ‘where IE 1S
heated to a h i g h e r
igatet and
n g f e r r i n g n e a t bo the
e g o ne aot b e a
uhaust :- t h e d w
() Flue Gas Cy ave eohaust e d lo t h e abmosphere-
Cheam, l e Hhith
f o r a b a i
i o n F a w a n dat 100°C
v a l ent evapora t d 300°C Th
e
h e e q u i P a a n
6) Caleutate
[ 5 M
ake of (eee Kat
t
d uce) steam a
60°
er wt C a n d p r o
l is b u r n t of F E c
ye terves wat
e r a t i o n vo le is ] c o g K y l e «Coa
Cheam - gen I K g . fl ls o c a l c u He thermal
? 5 3utso KS
ta te
v a l v e al c o a l
The calonitic.
i e n c y of th e. bo il er : by 5% due ty use ofan
effic o the Wo oi le r i n c r e a s e s
th e I h e m a l efficiency
If in Co ad co ns um pton per hoor.
the Saver
Eco tomiseor, bind

2 (riven,
boiler
Steam generation mn &
P= 15 MPa Tap 2 2000
me = 16060 uth riy = 1800 Kgth
j, = 60 cy = 34 150 KI/Rg
|
y 2 Wt 005
To Sind 'e.
0) Covivalent evaporation how aadab loo
W) Thesmal cHicency af bai ler. 1
(ri) Saving in luel covsum phon, hen hoiler dficdency
increases by 5%,
 @)
Analysis of superheated steam al ey MPa. (1500 kPa) and 3d0¢
axl,
Prop
h = 3039-3 KILKy
F nthalpy of wafer af éo'c
hy, = aot KIT
of st ea m ge ne ra te d p o rkg of Coal hired
(1) The mas
_ Ms _= 14 \£000_ ~_ 9-8 g. 9 Kgleofg el.
Meng 00
m and at loo'e
The equivalent evaporation ha
Me = ma (h-hp)
QQ5E
_ g.¢9m (3038-9* 25V
QAbF
2\0'| Kel ks oF fuel.

i) Thermal efficiency of boiler.

ny) = yns Ch- hh)
OV

1300 v 34750

= g: FI3l FL3lA

bo il er ef fi ci en cy increases by 5
S o n g 10 fu el co nsumption, When
Cit) cy at boiler.
CC on ow us et th er mal effrcren
with use af
a 6 5 -¢ 'f 13 ! y0:05 2 O° FCS]
re U +

Then. Y.* ms (Wo hy

Ms my, CV
25D
dr, MY, = i009 » (2038-9
; 4163134”P50
The saving in fuel consvmphin
2 My - ny, = 1600 -L cea = ie Kolh.