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12 views6 pages

Term Paper

Bs done h

Uploaded by

cvridhie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RESEARCH PAPER

Topic: Classification of memory


(Team – 2 Write-up)

Submitted By:- Submitted To:-


Ritish Goyal (A25305221068), Dr. Neetu Bansal
Paranjay Goel (A25305221031),
Yuvraj Singh (A25305221033),
Shivangi Sharma (A25305221040),
Shirish Aul (A25305221001),
Harshit Sharma (A25305221003),
Gursimran Singh (A25305221038)
Abstract:
In this write up we will be discussing about classification of memory. First of all we will
be studying about memory and then its classification into RA and ROM. Secondly we
will be studying RAM and Rom individually and further classification. At last we will be
concluding this write up. So, let’s start discussing about memories…

Introduction: What is memory?


Memory is a necessary part of the computer. It is a basic need to store and analyze
data and accordingly give responses to the commands inferred on the computer by the
users. Memory is the storage section of the computer’s functioning. The information for
immediate use and for the computer hardware devices and their functioning is stored in
the memory too. High-speed operations take place in the memory for the processing of
information in the computer. Similar to the human brain, there are different types of
memory storage available on the computer. With changing times and constant
development in technology, the memory is also upgraded.

Classification of memory:-
Memory generally classified in two types as shown figure:
RAM:

(Random Access memory)


The RAM is also called reading/writing memory. The RAM is a volatile type of memory.
It allows the programmer to read or write data. If the user wants to check the execution
of any program, the user feeds the program in RAM memory and executes it. The result
of execution is then checked by either reading memory location contents or by
registering contents.It is available in two types:

1.Static RAM:-

SRAM (Static RAM): SRAM consists of the flip-flop; using either transistor or MOS. For
each bit we require one flip-flop. Bit status will remain as it is; unless and until you
perform the next write operation or power supply is switched off.

Advantages of SRAM:

● Fast memory (less access time)

● Refreshing circuit is not required.

Disadvantages of SRAM:

● Low package density

● Costly

2.Dynamic RAM:-

DRAM (Dynamic RAM): In this type of memory a data is stored in the form of charge in
capacitors. When data is 1, the capacitor will be charged and if data is 0, the capacitor
will not be charged. Because of capacitor leakage currents, the data will not be held by
these cells. So the DRAMs require refreshing of memory cells. It is a process in which
the same data is read and written after a fixed interval.

Advantages of DRAM:

● High package density

● Low Cost
Disadvantages of DRAM:

● Required refreshing circuit to maintain or refresh charge on the capacitor, every after
few milliseconds

ROM:

(Read Only memory)

The data in this memory can only be read, no writing is allowed. It is used to store
permanent programs. It is a nonvolatile type of memory.

1.Masked ROM:

In this ROM, the program or data are permanently installed at the time of manufacturing
as per requirement. The data cannot be altered. The process of permanent recording is
expensive but economical for large quantities.

2.PROM:

(Programmable Read Only Memory)

The basic function is the same as that of masked ROM. but in PROM, we have fuse
links. Depending upon the bit pattern, the fuse can be burnt or kept intact. This job is
performed by a PROM programmer. To do this, it uses a high current pulse between
two lines. Because of high current, the fuse will get burnt; effectively making two lines
open. Once a PROM is programmed we cannot change connections, only a facility
provided over masked ROM is, the user can load his program in it. The disadvantage is
a chance of re-growing of the fuse and changing the programmed data because of
aging.

3.EPROM:

(Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

EPROM is programmable by the user. It uses MOS circuitry to store data. They store
1’s and 0’s in the form of charge. The information stored can be erased by exposing the
memory to ultraviolet light which erases the data stored in all memory locations. For
ultraviolet light, a quartz window is provided which is covered during normal operation.
Upon erasing it can be reprogrammed by using an EPROM programmer. This type of
memory is used in a project developed and for experiment use. The advantage is it can
be programmed, erased and reprogrammed. The disadvantage is all the data gets
erased even if you want to change a single data bit.
4.EEPROM:

(electrically erasable programmable read only memory)

This is similar to EPROM except that the erasing is done by electrical signals instead of
ultraviolet light. The main advantage is the memory location can be selectively erased
and reprogrammed. But the manufacturing process is complex and expensive so it is
not commonly used.

5.Flash Memory:

It’s a special type of EEPROM. It can be erased with help of electricity in block. It is
electrically eraseable. Its has more endurance than EEPROM.

6.PCM:

(Phase Changeable Memory)

Mature memory technology used for large products. Allows more analog states. Much
longer Endurance than flash. Good physical understanding of devices such as
conductance drift

Conclusion:-
The Memory plays a crucial role in the functioning of the computer system. With
technological advancements, the inventions of better memory speeds make it certain that
they will improvise the quality of computer performances that are today used across the
globe for all the major programming and processes of all types in different industries.

References:-

1.) https//www.geeksforgeeks.com

2.) https//www.tutorialsinhand.com

3.) https//www.javapoint.com

4.) Short Note on ROM: Types of ROM- PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, &
more (testbook.com)

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